reason to doubt whether the head of the Townley
MYROʻNIDES
(Mupwvions), a skilful and suc-
statue really belongs to it.
statue really belongs to it.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
5; Dict.
of Antig.
s.
v.
ues.
)
by Solon to submit their cause to the decision of an The most celebrated of his statues were his
extraordinary court of three hundred persons. Discobolus and his Cow. The encomiums lavished
2. Tyrant of Sicyon, the father of Aristonym uis, by various ancient writers on the latter work
and grandfather of Cleisthenes. He gained the might surprise us if we did not remember how
victory at Olympia in the chariot-race in the thirty- / much more admiration is excited in a certain stage
third Olympiad (B. C. 648). In commemoration of of taste by the accurate imitation of an object out
this victory he erected a treasury at Olympia, con of the usual range of high art, than by the most
sisting of two chambers, lined with plates of brass beautiful ideal representation of men or gods ; and
(Paus. vi. 19. $ 1; Herod. vi. 126. ;
there can be no doubt that it was almost a perfect
3. One of the generals of Mithridates, sent by work of its kind. Still the novelty of the subject
him, together with Menemachus, at the head of a
was undoubtedly its great charm, which caused it
large force of infantry and cavalry against the to be placed at the head of Myron's works, and
Romans in the course of the campaign of Lucullus. celebrated in many popular verses. Pliny says of
The two generals, with all their forces, were de- it: “ Myronem buculii maxime nobilitavit, cele-
feated and cut to pieces. (Plut. Lucull. p. 502, bratis versibus laudata. ” The Greek Anthology
a. )
(C. P. M. ] contains no less than thirty-six epigrams upon it,
MYRON, a native of Priene, the author of an which, with other passages in its praise, are col-
historical account of the first Messenian war, from lected by Sontag in the Unterhaltungen für Freunde
the taking of Ampheia to the death of Aristodemus. der alten Literatur, pp. 100–119. Perhaps the
His date cannot be ascertained accurately, but he best, at least the most expressive of the kind of
belongs in all probability to the Alexandrine period, admiration it excited, is the following epigram,
not earlier than the third century B. C. According which is one out of several epigrams on Myron's
to Pausanias he was an author on whose accuracy Cow by Ausonius (Erig. 58. ): –
very little reliance could be placed. Both Diodorus
“ Bucula sum, caelo genitoris facta Myronis
and Myron placed Aristomenes in the first Meg-
Aerea ; nec factam me puto, sed genitam.
senian war. Müller (Dorians, i. 7. $ 9) affirms
Sic me taurus init: sic proxima bucula mugit:
that this statement was “in the teeth of all tra-
Sic vitulus sitiens ubera nostra petit.
dition"; but Grote (Hist. of Greece, vol. ii. p. 558)
Miraris, quod fallo gregem ? Gregis ipse ma-
is inclined to think that censure too anqualified.
gister
There is, however, sufficient reason for believing
Inter pascentes me numerare solet. "
that the old traditions suffered quite as much cor-
ruption and interpolation at the hands of Myron, These epigrams give us some of the details of
as at those of the poet Rhianus. (Paus. iv. 6, &c. ; the figure. The cow was represented as lowing
Athen. vi. p. 271, f. xiv. p. 657, d. ; Voss. de Hist. and the statue was placed on a marble base, in the
Graec. p. 472, ed. Westermann. ) [C. P. M. ) centre of the largest open place in Athens, where
MYRON (Múpwv), one of the most celebrated it still stood in the time of Cicero. (Cic. in Verr.
of the Greek statuaries, and also a sculptor and en- iv. 60. ) In the time of Pausanias it was no longer
graver, was born at Eleutherae, in Boeotia, about B. C. there ; it must have been removed to Rome, where
480. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. $ 3. ) Pausanias it was still to be seen in the temple of Peace, in the
calls him an Athenian, because Eleutherae had time of Procopius. (Bell. Goth. iv, 21. )
been admitted to the Athenian franchise. He was A work of higher art, and far more interesting
the disciple of Ageladas, the fellow-disciple of to us, was his Discobolus, of which there are several
Polycleitus, and a younger contemporary of Phimarble copies in existence. It is true that we can-
dias. Pliny gives for the time when he fourished not prove by testimony that any of these alleged
on the 87th Olympiad, or B. C. 431, the time of the copies were really taken from Myron's work, or
beginning of the Peloponnesian war. (H. N. xxxiv. from imitations of it ; but the resemblance between
8. s. 19. )
them, the fame of the original, and the well-known
The chief characteristic of Myron seems to have frequency of the practice of making such marble
been his power of expressing a great variety of copies of celebrated bronzes, all concur to put the
forms. Not content with the human figure in its question beyond reasonable doubt. Of these copies
most difficult and momentary attitudes, he directed we have the good fortune to possess one, in the
his art towards various other animals, and he seems Townley Gallery of the British Museum, which
to have been the first great artist who did so. To was found in the grounds of Hadrian's Tiburtine
this characteristic Pliny no doubt refers, when he Villa, in 1791: another, found on the Esquiline in
says, Primus hic multiplicasse veritatcm videtur, (1732, is in the Villa Massimi at Rome: a third,
some imag
có pow).
turned rot
held the
Townley
deseriptio
quite a di
Barry pre
ed. 1809,
Lacian, a
better bal
Trason to
statue red
Lib. Ent
figured. )
best of
original.
Winckel
Denkina
139, b.
Of M
$ 3) en
which
i. 23.
af, cit.
Miners
Đi MAY
1 Her
temple
an Ap
sians
Augus
The
cadae
Erinta
made
in an
vii. 1
In
of M
statu
three
by M
the
a sbe
## p. 1131 (#1147) ##########################################
MYRON.
1131
MYRONIDES.
found in Hadrian's Villa, in 1793, is in the Va- | A Hercules, which Verres took from Heius the
tican Museum; a fourth, restored as a gladiator, is Mamertine. (Cic. Verr. iv. 3. ) A bronze Apollo,
in the Capitoline Museum. To these may, in all with the name of the artist worked into the thigh,
probability, be added (5) a torso, restored as one in minute silver letters, dedicated in the shrine of
of the sons of Niobe, in the gallery at Florence ; Aesculapius at Agrigentum by P. Scipio, and taken
(6) the torso of an Endymion in the same gallery ; away by Verres. (Cic. Verr. iv. 43. ) A wooden
(7) a figure restored as a Diomed, and (8) a bronze statue of Hecate, in Aegina (Paus. ii. 20. & 2. )
in the gallery at Munich. (Müller, in the Amal Several statues of athletes. (See Sillig, 8. 0. ) Lastly,
thea, vol. iii. p. 243. ) The original statue is men- a striking indication how far Myron's love of variety
tioned by Quinctilian and Lucian. The former led him beyond the true limits of art, a drunken
dilates upon the novelty and difficulty of its atti- old woman, in marble, at Smyrna, which of course,
tude, and the triumph of the artist in representing according to Pliny, was inprimis inclyla. (Plin.
such an attitude, even though the work may not H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ) His Cow was not his only
be in all respects accurate (ii. 13). Lucian gives a celebrated work of the kind : there were four oxen,
much more exact description. (Philopseul. 18, which Augustus dedicated in the portico of the
vol. jii. p. 45):--Mwv adv Biokejovta, vody, temple of Apollo on the Palatine, B. C. 28 (Pro-
opis, tdu émiKEKUDÓTa ward to xina tñs dapéoews, pert, ii, 23. 1); and a calf carrying Victory, de-
åreotpawuévoy els tò 8. 0 Opópov, dipéua oknácorta rided by Tatian. (Adv. Grucc. 54, p. 117, ed.
τω έτερώ, έoικότα ξυναστησομένη μετά της βολής; | Worth. )
ουκ εκείνον, ή δ' ός, έπει και Μύρωνος έργον εν και He was also an engraver in metals : a celebrated
τούτο έστιν, ο δισκοβόλος δν λέγεις. We have patera of his is mentioned by Martial (vi. 92).
given the passage at length in order to make mani- Nothing is known of Myron's life except that,
fest the absurdity of supposing that the figure was according to Petronius (88), he died in great po
not in the action of throwing the quoit, but merely verty. He had a son, Lycius, who was a distin-
stretching back the hand to receive the quoit from guished artist.
some imaginary attendant who held it (Toy DIOKO- (Besides the usual authorities, Winckelmann,
pópov). The real meaning is that the head was Meyer, Thiersch, Müller, Junius, Sillig, &c. , there
turned round backwards towards the hand which is an excellent lecture on Myron in Böttiger's
held the quoit. The two most perfect copies, the Andeutungen zu 24 Vorträgen über die Archäo-
Townley and the Massimi, agree with Lucian's logie, Vorles. 21. )
[P. S. ]
description, except that the former has the head in MYRONIA'NUS (Mupwviavós), of Amastris,
quite a different position, bending down forwards. a Greek writer of uncertain age, was the author of
Barry preferred this position (Works, vol. i. p. 479; a work entitled 'IOTOPIK@ duoiwv kedálata. (Diog.
ed. 1809, 4to. ); but the attitude described by Laërt. iv. 14, v. 36. ) It is also cited by Diogenes
Lucian, and seen in the Massimi statue, gives a under the title of “Ιστορικά κεφάλαια (x. 3), and
better balance to the figure. There is, also, great of 'Ouola simply (i. 115, iii. 40, iv. 8).
reason to doubt whether the head of the Townley MYROʻNIDES (Mupwvions), a skilful and suc-
statue really belongs to it. (See Townley Gallery, cessful Athenian general. In B. C. 457, the Co
Lib. Ent. Knowledge, vol. i. p. 240, where it is rinthians invaded Megara with the view of relieving
figured. ). On the whole, the Massimi copy is the Aegina, by drawing away thence a portion of the
best of all, and probably the most faithful to the Athenian troops, which were besieging the chief
original. It is engraved in the Abildungen zu city of the island. The Athenians, however, who
Winckelmann's Werke, fig. 80; and in Müller's had at the same time another force in Egypt, acting
Denkmäler d. alten Kunst, vol. i. pl xxxii. fig. with Inarus, did not recal a single man from any
139, b.
quarter for the protection of Megara : but the old
Of Myron's other works Pliny (xxxiv. 8. s. 19. and young men who had been left behind at home,
§ 3) enumerates the following: :- a dog ; Perseus, marched out under Myronides, and met the Co
which Pausanias saw in the Acropolis at Athens rinthians in the Megarian territory. After a battle,
li. 23. & 8); sea-monsters (pristas, see Böttiger, in which victory inclined, though not decisively, to
inf. cit. ); a satyr admiring a double flute and the Athenians, the Corinthian troops withdrew,
Minerva, probably a group descriptive of the story and Myronides erected a trophy. But the Corin-
of MARSYAS ; Delphic pentathletes ; pancratiasts; thians, being reproached at home for leaving the
: Hercules, which, in Pliny's time, was in the field, returned ; and were setting up a rival trophy,
temple of Pompey, by the Circus Maximus; and when the Athenians made a sally from Megara,
B
an Apollo, which was taken away from the Ephe and, in the battle which ensued, completely defeated
sians by M. Antonius and restored to them by them. The fugitives, in their retreat, entered
Augustus, in obedience to an admonition in a dream. an enclosure fenced in by a large ditch, where
The words in the passage of Pliny, fecisse et ci- they were surrounded by the Athenians, who oc-
cadae monumentum ac locustae carminibus suis cupied with a part of their force the only egress,
Erinna significat, are a gross blunder, which Pliny and slew with their darts every man within. In
made by mistaking the name of the poetess Myro the following year, B. c. 456, and sixty-two days
in an epigram by Anyte (or Erinna, Anth. Pal. after the battle of Tanagra, Myronides led an
vii. 190) for that of the sculptor Myron.
Athenian army into Boeotia, and defeated the
In addition to Pliny's account, the following works Boeotians at Oenophyta, a victory which made his
of Myron are mentioned by other writers: Colossal countrymen masters of Phocis, and of all the Boeo-
statues of Zeus, Hera, and Heracles, at Samos, the tian towns, with the single exception of Thebes ;
three statues on one base. They were removed while even there it seems to have led to the tem-
by M. Antonius, but restored by Augustus, except porary establishment of democracy. After his
the Zens, which he placed on the Capitol and built victory, Myronides marched against the Opuntian
a shrine for it (Strab. xiv. p. 637, b. ) A Dionysus Locrians, from whom he exacted a hundred hos
in Helicon, dedicated by Sulla. (Paus. ix. 30. § 1. ) | tages; and then, according to Diodorus, he pelle-
## p. 1132 (#1148) ##########################################
1132
MYRTILUS.
MYS.
P
&
?
1
1
0
1
1
trated into Thessaly, to take vengeance for the the names of two of his plays, the Titavóraves,
desertion of the Thessalian troops to the Lacedae- and the "Epcotes. One object of his ridicule in the
monians at the battle of Tanagra ; but he failed in former was the tasteless love of display shown by
his attempt on the town of Pharsalus, and was the Megarian Choregi. (Aspasius ad Aristot. Ethic.
obliged to return to Athens. It is possible that Nic. iv. 2 ; Meineke, Hist. Crit. Com. Graec. p. 100;
the subject of the present article may have been Bode, Geschichte der Hellen. Dichtkunst, vol. iii
the father of ARCHINUS, the Athenian statesman, part ii. p. 170).
[C. P. M. ]
who took a chief part in the overthrow of the thirty MY'RTILUS, a slare or a freedman, seems to
tyrants, B. C. 403 ; for Demosthenes mentions a have been bribed by Antony, or some one of that
son of Archinus, called Myronides, who may have party, to make an attempt upon the life of D.
been named after his grandfather, according to a Brutus, but was detected and put to death. (Cic.
custom by no means uncommon. (Thuc. i. 105, ud Att. xv. 13, xvi. 11. )
106, 108, iv. 95 ; Aristoph. Lys. 801, Eccl. 303; MY'RTILUS, L. MINU'CIUS, was handed
Aristot. Polit. v. 3, ed. Bekk. ; Lys. 'Ehitad. p. over to the Carthaginians, because he had beaten
195; Diod. xi. 79—83; Plat. Mener. p. 242; the ambassadors of the latter, B. c. 187. (Liv.
Dem. c. Timocrat. p. 742 ; Herm. Pol. Ant. $ 169, xxxviii. 42. )
note 1 ; Wachsmuth, Hist. Ant. vol. ii. p. 133, MYRTIS (Múptis), an Argive, whom, with
Eng. transl. ; Thirlwall's Greece, vol. iii. p. 30, several others of that and other states, Demosthenes
note 2, p. 33, notes ; Thuc. i. iii. ) [E. E. ] (de Cor. p. 324, ed. Reiske) charged with treachery
MYRRHA (Múppa), a daughter of Cinyras on the ground of their having misled their fellow-
and mother of Adonis. (Luc. D. Syr. 6; comp. citizens with respect to the danger to be appre-
Adonis. ) Lycophron (829) calls Byblos in Phoe- hended from the growing power of Philip, and so
nicia Múpšas žotu.
(L. S. ] kept them from combining against him. He charges
MYRSILUS. [CANDAULES. ]
them also with baving done so from corrupt mo-
MY'RSILUS, a Greek historical writer, a na- tives. Polybius (xvii. 14) exonerates them from
tive of Lesbos. When he lived is not known. the charge of treachery.
(C. P. M. ]
Dionysius of Halicarnassus (i. 23) has borrowed MYRTIS (Múptis), a lyric poetess, a native of
from him almost verbatim a part of his account of Anthedon. She was reported to have been the
the Pelasgiang. He refers to him again in i. 28. instructress of Pindar, and to have contended with
Myrsilus was the author of the notion that the him for the palm of superiority. This is alluded
Tyrrhenians, in consequence of their wandering to in an extant fragment of Corinna. (Bergk's
about after they left their original settlements, got Poetae Lyrici Graeci, p. 815. ) There were statues
the name of Texapyol, or storks. Athenaeus (xiii. in honour of her in various parts of Greece. She
p. 610, a. ) quotes from a work by Myrsilus, en- was also reckoned amongst the nine lyric Muses.
titled 'IoTopikà napádosom He is also quoted by (Anthol. Pal. ix. 26 ; Suidas s. v. Divdapos,
Strabo (i. p. 60, xiii. p. 610), and by Pliny Kópivva ; Tatian. Orat. ad Graec. 52; Fabric.
(H. N. 7, iv. 12). By Arnobius (iii. 37, Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 133 ; Bode, Gesch. der
iv. 24), he is called Myrtilus. Voss. de Hist.
by Solon to submit their cause to the decision of an The most celebrated of his statues were his
extraordinary court of three hundred persons. Discobolus and his Cow. The encomiums lavished
2. Tyrant of Sicyon, the father of Aristonym uis, by various ancient writers on the latter work
and grandfather of Cleisthenes. He gained the might surprise us if we did not remember how
victory at Olympia in the chariot-race in the thirty- / much more admiration is excited in a certain stage
third Olympiad (B. C. 648). In commemoration of of taste by the accurate imitation of an object out
this victory he erected a treasury at Olympia, con of the usual range of high art, than by the most
sisting of two chambers, lined with plates of brass beautiful ideal representation of men or gods ; and
(Paus. vi. 19. $ 1; Herod. vi. 126. ;
there can be no doubt that it was almost a perfect
3. One of the generals of Mithridates, sent by work of its kind. Still the novelty of the subject
him, together with Menemachus, at the head of a
was undoubtedly its great charm, which caused it
large force of infantry and cavalry against the to be placed at the head of Myron's works, and
Romans in the course of the campaign of Lucullus. celebrated in many popular verses. Pliny says of
The two generals, with all their forces, were de- it: “ Myronem buculii maxime nobilitavit, cele-
feated and cut to pieces. (Plut. Lucull. p. 502, bratis versibus laudata. ” The Greek Anthology
a. )
(C. P. M. ] contains no less than thirty-six epigrams upon it,
MYRON, a native of Priene, the author of an which, with other passages in its praise, are col-
historical account of the first Messenian war, from lected by Sontag in the Unterhaltungen für Freunde
the taking of Ampheia to the death of Aristodemus. der alten Literatur, pp. 100–119. Perhaps the
His date cannot be ascertained accurately, but he best, at least the most expressive of the kind of
belongs in all probability to the Alexandrine period, admiration it excited, is the following epigram,
not earlier than the third century B. C. According which is one out of several epigrams on Myron's
to Pausanias he was an author on whose accuracy Cow by Ausonius (Erig. 58. ): –
very little reliance could be placed. Both Diodorus
“ Bucula sum, caelo genitoris facta Myronis
and Myron placed Aristomenes in the first Meg-
Aerea ; nec factam me puto, sed genitam.
senian war. Müller (Dorians, i. 7. $ 9) affirms
Sic me taurus init: sic proxima bucula mugit:
that this statement was “in the teeth of all tra-
Sic vitulus sitiens ubera nostra petit.
dition"; but Grote (Hist. of Greece, vol. ii. p. 558)
Miraris, quod fallo gregem ? Gregis ipse ma-
is inclined to think that censure too anqualified.
gister
There is, however, sufficient reason for believing
Inter pascentes me numerare solet. "
that the old traditions suffered quite as much cor-
ruption and interpolation at the hands of Myron, These epigrams give us some of the details of
as at those of the poet Rhianus. (Paus. iv. 6, &c. ; the figure. The cow was represented as lowing
Athen. vi. p. 271, f. xiv. p. 657, d. ; Voss. de Hist. and the statue was placed on a marble base, in the
Graec. p. 472, ed. Westermann. ) [C. P. M. ) centre of the largest open place in Athens, where
MYRON (Múpwv), one of the most celebrated it still stood in the time of Cicero. (Cic. in Verr.
of the Greek statuaries, and also a sculptor and en- iv. 60. ) In the time of Pausanias it was no longer
graver, was born at Eleutherae, in Boeotia, about B. C. there ; it must have been removed to Rome, where
480. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. $ 3. ) Pausanias it was still to be seen in the temple of Peace, in the
calls him an Athenian, because Eleutherae had time of Procopius. (Bell. Goth. iv, 21. )
been admitted to the Athenian franchise. He was A work of higher art, and far more interesting
the disciple of Ageladas, the fellow-disciple of to us, was his Discobolus, of which there are several
Polycleitus, and a younger contemporary of Phimarble copies in existence. It is true that we can-
dias. Pliny gives for the time when he fourished not prove by testimony that any of these alleged
on the 87th Olympiad, or B. C. 431, the time of the copies were really taken from Myron's work, or
beginning of the Peloponnesian war. (H. N. xxxiv. from imitations of it ; but the resemblance between
8. s. 19. )
them, the fame of the original, and the well-known
The chief characteristic of Myron seems to have frequency of the practice of making such marble
been his power of expressing a great variety of copies of celebrated bronzes, all concur to put the
forms. Not content with the human figure in its question beyond reasonable doubt. Of these copies
most difficult and momentary attitudes, he directed we have the good fortune to possess one, in the
his art towards various other animals, and he seems Townley Gallery of the British Museum, which
to have been the first great artist who did so. To was found in the grounds of Hadrian's Tiburtine
this characteristic Pliny no doubt refers, when he Villa, in 1791: another, found on the Esquiline in
says, Primus hic multiplicasse veritatcm videtur, (1732, is in the Villa Massimi at Rome: a third,
some imag
có pow).
turned rot
held the
Townley
deseriptio
quite a di
Barry pre
ed. 1809,
Lacian, a
better bal
Trason to
statue red
Lib. Ent
figured. )
best of
original.
Winckel
Denkina
139, b.
Of M
$ 3) en
which
i. 23.
af, cit.
Miners
Đi MAY
1 Her
temple
an Ap
sians
Augus
The
cadae
Erinta
made
in an
vii. 1
In
of M
statu
three
by M
the
a sbe
## p. 1131 (#1147) ##########################################
MYRON.
1131
MYRONIDES.
found in Hadrian's Villa, in 1793, is in the Va- | A Hercules, which Verres took from Heius the
tican Museum; a fourth, restored as a gladiator, is Mamertine. (Cic. Verr. iv. 3. ) A bronze Apollo,
in the Capitoline Museum. To these may, in all with the name of the artist worked into the thigh,
probability, be added (5) a torso, restored as one in minute silver letters, dedicated in the shrine of
of the sons of Niobe, in the gallery at Florence ; Aesculapius at Agrigentum by P. Scipio, and taken
(6) the torso of an Endymion in the same gallery ; away by Verres. (Cic. Verr. iv. 43. ) A wooden
(7) a figure restored as a Diomed, and (8) a bronze statue of Hecate, in Aegina (Paus. ii. 20. & 2. )
in the gallery at Munich. (Müller, in the Amal Several statues of athletes. (See Sillig, 8. 0. ) Lastly,
thea, vol. iii. p. 243. ) The original statue is men- a striking indication how far Myron's love of variety
tioned by Quinctilian and Lucian. The former led him beyond the true limits of art, a drunken
dilates upon the novelty and difficulty of its atti- old woman, in marble, at Smyrna, which of course,
tude, and the triumph of the artist in representing according to Pliny, was inprimis inclyla. (Plin.
such an attitude, even though the work may not H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ) His Cow was not his only
be in all respects accurate (ii. 13). Lucian gives a celebrated work of the kind : there were four oxen,
much more exact description. (Philopseul. 18, which Augustus dedicated in the portico of the
vol. jii. p. 45):--Mwv adv Biokejovta, vody, temple of Apollo on the Palatine, B. C. 28 (Pro-
opis, tdu émiKEKUDÓTa ward to xina tñs dapéoews, pert, ii, 23. 1); and a calf carrying Victory, de-
åreotpawuévoy els tò 8. 0 Opópov, dipéua oknácorta rided by Tatian. (Adv. Grucc. 54, p. 117, ed.
τω έτερώ, έoικότα ξυναστησομένη μετά της βολής; | Worth. )
ουκ εκείνον, ή δ' ός, έπει και Μύρωνος έργον εν και He was also an engraver in metals : a celebrated
τούτο έστιν, ο δισκοβόλος δν λέγεις. We have patera of his is mentioned by Martial (vi. 92).
given the passage at length in order to make mani- Nothing is known of Myron's life except that,
fest the absurdity of supposing that the figure was according to Petronius (88), he died in great po
not in the action of throwing the quoit, but merely verty. He had a son, Lycius, who was a distin-
stretching back the hand to receive the quoit from guished artist.
some imaginary attendant who held it (Toy DIOKO- (Besides the usual authorities, Winckelmann,
pópov). The real meaning is that the head was Meyer, Thiersch, Müller, Junius, Sillig, &c. , there
turned round backwards towards the hand which is an excellent lecture on Myron in Böttiger's
held the quoit. The two most perfect copies, the Andeutungen zu 24 Vorträgen über die Archäo-
Townley and the Massimi, agree with Lucian's logie, Vorles. 21. )
[P. S. ]
description, except that the former has the head in MYRONIA'NUS (Mupwviavós), of Amastris,
quite a different position, bending down forwards. a Greek writer of uncertain age, was the author of
Barry preferred this position (Works, vol. i. p. 479; a work entitled 'IOTOPIK@ duoiwv kedálata. (Diog.
ed. 1809, 4to. ); but the attitude described by Laërt. iv. 14, v. 36. ) It is also cited by Diogenes
Lucian, and seen in the Massimi statue, gives a under the title of “Ιστορικά κεφάλαια (x. 3), and
better balance to the figure. There is, also, great of 'Ouola simply (i. 115, iii. 40, iv. 8).
reason to doubt whether the head of the Townley MYROʻNIDES (Mupwvions), a skilful and suc-
statue really belongs to it. (See Townley Gallery, cessful Athenian general. In B. C. 457, the Co
Lib. Ent. Knowledge, vol. i. p. 240, where it is rinthians invaded Megara with the view of relieving
figured. ). On the whole, the Massimi copy is the Aegina, by drawing away thence a portion of the
best of all, and probably the most faithful to the Athenian troops, which were besieging the chief
original. It is engraved in the Abildungen zu city of the island. The Athenians, however, who
Winckelmann's Werke, fig. 80; and in Müller's had at the same time another force in Egypt, acting
Denkmäler d. alten Kunst, vol. i. pl xxxii. fig. with Inarus, did not recal a single man from any
139, b.
quarter for the protection of Megara : but the old
Of Myron's other works Pliny (xxxiv. 8. s. 19. and young men who had been left behind at home,
§ 3) enumerates the following: :- a dog ; Perseus, marched out under Myronides, and met the Co
which Pausanias saw in the Acropolis at Athens rinthians in the Megarian territory. After a battle,
li. 23. & 8); sea-monsters (pristas, see Böttiger, in which victory inclined, though not decisively, to
inf. cit. ); a satyr admiring a double flute and the Athenians, the Corinthian troops withdrew,
Minerva, probably a group descriptive of the story and Myronides erected a trophy. But the Corin-
of MARSYAS ; Delphic pentathletes ; pancratiasts; thians, being reproached at home for leaving the
: Hercules, which, in Pliny's time, was in the field, returned ; and were setting up a rival trophy,
temple of Pompey, by the Circus Maximus; and when the Athenians made a sally from Megara,
B
an Apollo, which was taken away from the Ephe and, in the battle which ensued, completely defeated
sians by M. Antonius and restored to them by them. The fugitives, in their retreat, entered
Augustus, in obedience to an admonition in a dream. an enclosure fenced in by a large ditch, where
The words in the passage of Pliny, fecisse et ci- they were surrounded by the Athenians, who oc-
cadae monumentum ac locustae carminibus suis cupied with a part of their force the only egress,
Erinna significat, are a gross blunder, which Pliny and slew with their darts every man within. In
made by mistaking the name of the poetess Myro the following year, B. c. 456, and sixty-two days
in an epigram by Anyte (or Erinna, Anth. Pal. after the battle of Tanagra, Myronides led an
vii. 190) for that of the sculptor Myron.
Athenian army into Boeotia, and defeated the
In addition to Pliny's account, the following works Boeotians at Oenophyta, a victory which made his
of Myron are mentioned by other writers: Colossal countrymen masters of Phocis, and of all the Boeo-
statues of Zeus, Hera, and Heracles, at Samos, the tian towns, with the single exception of Thebes ;
three statues on one base. They were removed while even there it seems to have led to the tem-
by M. Antonius, but restored by Augustus, except porary establishment of democracy. After his
the Zens, which he placed on the Capitol and built victory, Myronides marched against the Opuntian
a shrine for it (Strab. xiv. p. 637, b. ) A Dionysus Locrians, from whom he exacted a hundred hos
in Helicon, dedicated by Sulla. (Paus. ix. 30. § 1. ) | tages; and then, according to Diodorus, he pelle-
## p. 1132 (#1148) ##########################################
1132
MYRTILUS.
MYS.
P
&
?
1
1
0
1
1
trated into Thessaly, to take vengeance for the the names of two of his plays, the Titavóraves,
desertion of the Thessalian troops to the Lacedae- and the "Epcotes. One object of his ridicule in the
monians at the battle of Tanagra ; but he failed in former was the tasteless love of display shown by
his attempt on the town of Pharsalus, and was the Megarian Choregi. (Aspasius ad Aristot. Ethic.
obliged to return to Athens. It is possible that Nic. iv. 2 ; Meineke, Hist. Crit. Com. Graec. p. 100;
the subject of the present article may have been Bode, Geschichte der Hellen. Dichtkunst, vol. iii
the father of ARCHINUS, the Athenian statesman, part ii. p. 170).
[C. P. M. ]
who took a chief part in the overthrow of the thirty MY'RTILUS, a slare or a freedman, seems to
tyrants, B. C. 403 ; for Demosthenes mentions a have been bribed by Antony, or some one of that
son of Archinus, called Myronides, who may have party, to make an attempt upon the life of D.
been named after his grandfather, according to a Brutus, but was detected and put to death. (Cic.
custom by no means uncommon. (Thuc. i. 105, ud Att. xv. 13, xvi. 11. )
106, 108, iv. 95 ; Aristoph. Lys. 801, Eccl. 303; MY'RTILUS, L. MINU'CIUS, was handed
Aristot. Polit. v. 3, ed. Bekk. ; Lys. 'Ehitad. p. over to the Carthaginians, because he had beaten
195; Diod. xi. 79—83; Plat. Mener. p. 242; the ambassadors of the latter, B. c. 187. (Liv.
Dem. c. Timocrat. p. 742 ; Herm. Pol. Ant. $ 169, xxxviii. 42. )
note 1 ; Wachsmuth, Hist. Ant. vol. ii. p. 133, MYRTIS (Múptis), an Argive, whom, with
Eng. transl. ; Thirlwall's Greece, vol. iii. p. 30, several others of that and other states, Demosthenes
note 2, p. 33, notes ; Thuc. i. iii. ) [E. E. ] (de Cor. p. 324, ed. Reiske) charged with treachery
MYRRHA (Múppa), a daughter of Cinyras on the ground of their having misled their fellow-
and mother of Adonis. (Luc. D. Syr. 6; comp. citizens with respect to the danger to be appre-
Adonis. ) Lycophron (829) calls Byblos in Phoe- hended from the growing power of Philip, and so
nicia Múpšas žotu.
(L. S. ] kept them from combining against him. He charges
MYRSILUS. [CANDAULES. ]
them also with baving done so from corrupt mo-
MY'RSILUS, a Greek historical writer, a na- tives. Polybius (xvii. 14) exonerates them from
tive of Lesbos. When he lived is not known. the charge of treachery.
(C. P. M. ]
Dionysius of Halicarnassus (i. 23) has borrowed MYRTIS (Múptis), a lyric poetess, a native of
from him almost verbatim a part of his account of Anthedon. She was reported to have been the
the Pelasgiang. He refers to him again in i. 28. instructress of Pindar, and to have contended with
Myrsilus was the author of the notion that the him for the palm of superiority. This is alluded
Tyrrhenians, in consequence of their wandering to in an extant fragment of Corinna. (Bergk's
about after they left their original settlements, got Poetae Lyrici Graeci, p. 815. ) There were statues
the name of Texapyol, or storks. Athenaeus (xiii. in honour of her in various parts of Greece. She
p. 610, a. ) quotes from a work by Myrsilus, en- was also reckoned amongst the nine lyric Muses.
titled 'IoTopikà napádosom He is also quoted by (Anthol. Pal. ix. 26 ; Suidas s. v. Divdapos,
Strabo (i. p. 60, xiii. p. 610), and by Pliny Kópivva ; Tatian. Orat. ad Graec. 52; Fabric.
(H. N. 7, iv. 12). By Arnobius (iii. 37, Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 133 ; Bode, Gesch. der
iv. 24), he is called Myrtilus. Voss. de Hist.
