No More Learning

The first that mat shall most humbly desire your highness
ters religion your faith none other, but examine the truth thereof indifferently, and
either will your majesty's ambassador, now be
all Christendom doth confess. The next you will assent alteration, but wish things
ing with the emperor, inquire the same, stand they did our father's death. oyour pleasure have him move
you mean the first rule your faith that you call Christendou), and not this church
else cause demanded the emperor's
ambassador here, although were not within England wherein you are member, you this realm that time. And thereby shall
shall err many points, such our fathers appear that this point have not offended
and yours would not have suffered, whatsoever your you say the standing still things they
may please you accept
And albeit
were left him. The matter too plain hath these years much understanding and
write, what may gathered, and too perilous concluded against you. For the other art, you like alteration our authority,
things not altered our father, you should
too great injury. We take ourself, fect years, might stand with your pleasure
for the administration this our common stay matters touching the soul. undoubt
wealth, have the same authority which our
father had, diminished example Scripture, nor
edly should your majesty know more, and hear others, and nevertheless your liberty and
your will and pleasure. And whatsoever
plenteous, al most the best ordered church of the Israelites was kings younger than we be. Well sister,
The stories Scripture
your majesty hath conceived letters your Council,
me, either their report,
part, neither universal laws.
your majesty,
praised,
God
more, than commonly seen that age, yet considering you hear but one part, your highness not offended, would suitor
the same, that till you were grown more per
we will not these things interpret your writ ings the worst; love and charity shall ex ound them. But yet you must not thereby
bold offend that whereunto you see your writings might wrested. To conclude, we exhort you your duty, and any impe diment thereof, not purpose, you shall find
trust the end prove myself
brotherly affection
To teach and instruct you
and procure you
that you shall perceive you are not used mere
subject, and only commanded, but daughter, scholar, and sister, taught, in structed and persuaded. For the which cause, when you have considered this our letter, we pray you that may shortly hear from you. ”
The Lady Mary the King.
“My duty most humbly remembered your majesty, please the same understand that
vertheless live and die your humble sister and true subject. Thus after pardon craved
“My lords, your letters dated the second have received your lettters master Throg this present were deiivered unto me the third
Inorton this bearer. The contents whereof do more trouble me than any bodily sickness, though were even the death, and the ra. ther for that your highness doth charge me
both breaker your laws, and also an incourager others the like. most humbly beseech your majesty think that
never intended towards you otherwise than my duty compelleth me unto, that wish your highness honour and prosperity, for the which and daily shali pray. And where
pleaseth your majesty write, that make challenge promise made otherwise than was meant, the truth the promise could
not denied before your majesty's presence my last waiting upon the same. And although,
confess, the ground faith, whereunto take
the same. And where you write that two my chaplains, doctor Mallet and Barkly, in dicted for certain things committed them contrary the king's majesty's laws, and pro cess for them also awarded forth, and delivered
the sheriff Essex cannot but marvell they should used, considering done,
take for saying mass within my house and although have been myself minded ways, and yet am, have mass within my house; yet have been advertised that the em peror's majesty hath been promised that should never unquieted uor troubled for my
doing, some you, my lords, can witness. Furthermore, besides the declaration the said promise made me the emperor's am bassador that dead from his majesty, put
reason but handmaid, and my con iny chaplains more out fear, when was the science also hath and agree with the same: last year with the king's majesty my brother,
yet touching that promise, for much
hath pleased your majesty, God knoweth
that question was then moved, and could not denied, but affirmed some you before
whose persuasion, write,
was not mcant;
majesty true, being not much un
true you, any subject within your realm, and will by means stand argument with your majesty, but most humble wise beseech you, even for
God's sake, suffer me, your highness hath done hitherto. for worldly respect desire God my judge, but rather than offend my conscience, would desire God
i.
remedy the same. lose that have, and also my life; and ne
will give order, your duty willingly,
our majesty for my rude and bold writing,
Almighty preserve God
the same honour with long continuance health and life, ever had noble king. From Beaulien,
the 3rd February. Your majesty's most humble and unworthy sister, MARY. ”
The Lady Mary the Lords Council, the
4th
December, 1550,
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s37] STATE TRIALs, 5 Eew. 1551–Non-conformity King's sister. [595
quieted for the trouble my said chaplains,
promise made the emperor's majesty, where you write, that first some witnesses,
next that the ambassador for the emperor de clared the same unto you, and lastly, that the same promise was affirmed you before the king's majesty your last being with him we
am think how this matter may
taken,
better thought
the promise
regarded.
full little
your hands, having always (God my judge)
such person being And for mine own part,
have received such ungentleness
you
wished unto the whole number have
the matter hitherto pro crave any thing your hands, but your good ceeded, whereupon shall appear, how evi will and friendship, which very slenderly ap dently your chaplains have offended the law, peareth this matter. Notwithstanding, and you also mistaken the promise. The pro
plain with you, howsoever shall use me mise but one itself, but times thrice
myself, and have refused trouble you,
mine (with God's help,) will never vary from mine opinion touching my faith. And
any you bear me the less good will for that matter, faint your friendship towards
you say repeated. Of which times, the first chiefly considered, for upon that the other two depend. very true the emperor made request the king's majesty, that you might have liberty use the mass your house, and were exempted from the danger the statute. To which request divers good reasons were made, containing the dis commodities that should follow the grant there
me only for the same, must and will con
tented, trusting that God will the end shew
his mercy upon me, assuring you, would ra
ther refuse the friendship the world,
(whereunto trust shall never driven) than
forsake any point my faith. am not with of, and means devised rather persuade you out some hope that will stay this matter, obey and receive the general and godly re not inforcing the rigour the law against my formation the whole realm, than private
not true. But indeed, the day before my re moving from Woodham water, my whole hous hold effect being gone Newhal, said
your own chamber, that for the rest hear divers that not obey your Statutes your houshold the service the realm should
mass there mine appointment. see and
and Proclamations, and nevertheless escape without punishment. judges
well used law, besides suffered
be used, and none other; further than this the promise exceeded not. And truly such matter then seemed some us, indeed
was, that well might the emperor have re
have mine punished rigour the false bruits that
have spoken me. Moreover, my
quired the king's majesty
matter more difficulty
chaplain doctor Mallet, besides mine own coln profit, but more weight mandment, was not ignorant the promise granted his majesty could not.
thought
from the beginning,
repeat
convenient
mass used your own closet for season un you might better informed, whereof there
was some hope, having only with you few
After this grant the emperor, which did put him out words, there was the embassador now doubt not therefore but will dead oftentimes desired some writing, tes
made
heretofore for albeit could pleasure, yet my friendship had lain my power,
fear. consider friendship
piece timony the same. But that was ever denied; have cause not because we meant break the promise, have done was made, but because there was daily
you little hope your reformation. —Now the second were sure, time you say the emperor's embassador's decla
that occasion taken away, nor but bear you my good will,
should have ration made mention promise you, well known. Thus with my hearty commen might well be. But we think otherwise
dations you all, pray Almighty God send
you much his grace, would wish mine own soul. From Beaulien, 4th Dec. Your assured friend my power, MARY. ”
The Council the Lady Mary, the 25th De cember, 1550.
than appeareth before written.
were, his fault was declare more than he heard; ours may not be, that deny not what we have said. As for the last time when were with the king's majesty, the same some
(whom these words your letter noteth) well remember, that other thing was your granted you this matter, but the first
“After our due commendations
grace, your letters us, answer
ours, touching certain process against two
your chaplains, for saying mass against the law prove the proceedings the king's majesty, and statute the realm, we perceive both the and condemn the abuse the mass, offence your chaplains otherwise excused think that where the private mass was judged than the matter may bear, and also our good ungodly, there you should have authority and wills otherwise misconstrued than we looked ground use About the same time, the for. And for the first part, where your great embassador made means have some testi
est reason excuse the offence law, mony the promise under the great seal;
promise was made the emperor,
time you had too many arguments made ap
lso
chaplains. The one them was not my fancy prejudice common order. But yet,
house these four months, and Mallet, having
iny licence, either Windsor, his be
netice, who, have heard, was indicted for
saying mass out my house, which was suffered and winked you had the private
upon earnest desire and intreaty made the emperor's name, thus much was granted, that for his sake and your own also, should
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539] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551,-Proceedings concerning the [540
and that not being heard, to have it but by a wealth where the people obeyed the higher es
letter; and that also was not only denied, but tates, and they obeyed the laws. As nature divers good reasons alledged, that he should hath joined your grace the king's majesty
think it denied with reason, and so to be con
tented with an answer. It was told him, in
reducing that which was commonly called the
mass to the order of the primitive Church, and
the institution of Christ, the king's majesty you his majesty's sister, we trust you will and his whole realm had their consciences well
quieted, against the which if any thing should be willingly committed, the same should be
taken as an offence to God, and a very sin dience and reverence his majesty's laws in
against a truth known. Wherefore to license by open act such a deed, in the conscience of the king's majesty and his realm, were even a
stead good preacher
his majesty's subjects, who,
you negligence his majesty,
not fail, but follow hardly, and then their fault not their own but yours, example, and may the king's majesty, when shall come further judgment, impute the fault of divers evil people (which thing God forbid) the sufferance your grace's doings. And there fore we most earnestly from the depth our
sin against God. The most that might herein
be born, was, that the king's majesty might,
upon hope of your grace's reconciliation, sus
pend the execution of his law, so that you
would use the license as it was first granted.
Whatsoever the ambassador hath said to others,
he had no other manner grant from us, nor
having it thus granted, could alledge any reason hearts desire that nature hath set your
against And where your letter your
grace noteth breakers the promise
made the emperor, shall appear who hath
broken the promise: whether we that have things touched, which we cannot pretermit; suffered more than we licensed, you that the one you seem charge with periwis have transgressed that which was granted. sion of men break laws and statutes. We Now therefore we pray your grace confer the think indeed too true, that laws and pro doings your chaplains with every point clamations broken daily, the more pity is, the premises; and the same cannot ex but that we permit them, we would sorry cused, then think also how long the law hath have proved. The other that we have suf been spared. prick our consciences some fered bruits
what, that much should used the must answered promise you may claim, how much more should see men evil,
grieve license more t'an you can claim; tales and infamies they care not, they miss and yet could we content bear great not the best. Such the boldness peo
love him most entirely, hath reason and law
in willingly.
subdued you obey
and the other we doubt not but your grace re membereth: and they both joined together
not sever them for indeed your grace cannot love him your brother, but you must obey his majesty his subject. —Example your obe
grace nigh his majesty blood, your love and zeal his majesty will further his estate
great number they may see
The one
his laws, will
burthen satisfy your grace, the burthen pressed not our consciences much doth, whereof we must say the Apostle said, glo
riatio nostra est hac, testimonium conscientiae nostra. For the other part your grace's letter,
the which we see you misconstrue our good wills writing you, howsoever the law had proceeded against your chaplains, our order sending you was liked, and therein truly had we special regard your grace's degree and
ple, that neither we can fully bridle them raise tales you, nor ourselves. And yet whensoever any certain person may gotten,
charged with any such, we never leave them unpunished. Indeed the best way both for your grace, and also, that when we can not find and punish the offender, let say
said that was evil spoken of; Yet will
live, credit shall given my backbit ers. Certainly, we had credited any evil tale
your grace, we would friendly have admo nished you thereof, and also proceeded, as either the tale-tellers should have been punished,
estate. And because the law itself respecteth
not persons, we thought give respect you,
first signifying you what the law required,
before should executed, that being warned, else have proved their tales. And there your grace might either think strangeness
fore we pray your grace think unkindness us, that any evil bruits have been spread by evil men, but think rather well us, that hew soever they were spread, we believed them not.
Hitherto your grace seeth we have written any thing done sudden. Truly we thought somewhat length, the promise made
the execution, for example obedience
cause executed yourself. Others we see perplexed with suddenness matters; your
grace we would not have unwarned, think
you, and our meanings our former writings.
And now for the latter part our letter, we will briefly we can remember you two spe
cial matters, whereof the one might suffice
ought your example further his laws. For sired follow the other the commodity which cause hath becu called good common that thereby shall ensue. They both make
more commendable for your grace help the execution law, than help the offence
one condemned law. And
giving you
knowledge what the king's laws required, we
looked for help the execution you the king's
reform your proceedings, and both together, well majesty's sister. The greater personage your considered, we trust shall your grace much grace the nigher the king, much more good. The one the truth that you de
obedience. the end your letter two
spoken you, and that also the other. pity whom they may touch with
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541] STATE TRIALS, 5 Fow. VI. 1551. —Non-Conformity of King's Sister. [34:
just commandment, and because the first the tles martyred. which time your faith de latter followeth, that first shall entreated pended upon the scripture, and otherwise there We hear say, your grace refuseth hear any was necessity believe. For Hierome thing reasoned contrary your old determina saith, Quod Scripturis non habet authorita tion, wherein you make your opinion suspicious,
that you are afraid
faith things
storm weather;
best eschew the weather. That which we tors. Augustine saith, Cum Dominus tacuerit, profess hath the foundation scriptures upon
dissuaded. your God, may abide any
eth sometimes the doctors, we may alledge unto you two three places other principal doc
plain texts and glosses, the confirmation thereof the use the primitive church, not this latter corrupted. And indeed our great
quis nost, um dicat, illa vel illa sunt aut di cere audeat, unde probat And Chrysoston's saying not unlike; Multi, inquit, jactant spiritum sanctum, scal qui propria loquuntur, falso illum pratchdunt. And you will take
but sand, you
est change not the substance our faith,
no, not any one article our creed; only their ineaning plain, read the fifth chapter
the difference that we use the ceremonies, the first book Ecclesiastica historia; and observations, and sacraments our religion where Constantine had these words the coun the apostles and first fathers the primitive cil. disputationibus, inquit, rerum divina church did. You use the same that corruption rum habetur praescripta spiritus sancti doctri
time brought in, and very babarousness and na; Evangelici Apostolici libri cum prophe ignorance nourished, and seem hold for cus tarum oraculis plene nobis ostendunt sensum nu
against truth, tom the
tem, cadem facilitate contemnitur qua probatur. And because your grace, we hear say, read
o! ,against minis; proinde, discordia posita, sumamus and we for truth
one two places verbis spiritus quastion um crplicationes. What speak the plainer sayings may than these answer maintenance your faith, and therein (so that your fault Again, too infinite were re
custom. Your grace your letter seeneth
your faith according the scriptures) we member your grace the great number par
must have the like opinion the saying very ticular errors, crept into the church, where
good, the faith sound. But every opi upon you make your foundation. The fables
nion your grace hath (we cannot tell how) con false miracles, and lewd pilgrimages may
ceived, o, your faith, you may you. Only pray your shall much somewhat teach this we
better instructed. Saint Paul teacheth you, that grace remember with your self, the two faith by the word of God. And was true words that the Father said of his Son Jesus
saying that said, Non qui cuiris credit fidelis est, sed qui Deo. For where hath your grace ground for such faith, think common
Prayer the English church should not
Christ, Ipsum audite. " To the second point the commodity that may follow your obedience, we having the king's authority this behalf, the governance this realm, must herein plain with your grace. And our speech of. fend the same, then must your grace think
our charge and office find fault where
and our part amend we may. Most sorry truly we be, that your grace, whom we
should otherwise honour for the king's majes ty's sake, your own deeds should provoke
English, that images God should
the church; that the sacrament
body and blood should offered
set Christ's
the priests
for the dead; yea, that should other
wise used than the scripture was instituted:
though you have scripture maintain them,
we have evident scriptures forbid them. And although fault may found, that late bap
tism hath been used your grace's house, con modity
perceive great discom your grace's singularity, opinion and one
trary law, and utterly without licence, yet the worse, that contrary the primitive
may
the realm named,
church, hath been unknown tongue, the which the best part the sacrament
you are sister our sovereign lord
used, and
the godfathers
the things which your grace differeth from the common order the realin, where have you ground reason, but
thus the rest
your grace's opinion, hindereth the good weal this realin, which thing we think, not
were blind bargain made matter illumination; and
wards
grace
majesty's estate, we you know the example
followed where she cause
not religious, where she excuseth error,
eech
eyes the young age the king your brother.
un
grace
shew your affection continually to him, becometh sister. And your subject, and we counsellors his
some custom, which oftentinos mother
many errors and although civil things she
may o quiet, yet your grace, your
Leviticus Ye shall not do after the
custom Egypt, wherein dwelled, nor after how then can
the custom Canaan; no, you shall not walk their laws, for am your Lord God, keep
you my laws and commandments. ' The points
wherein your grace differeth your faith,
you call may shewed where, when, how,
and whom they began since the gospel was
Preached, the church was planted, and the apos much worse stay other that would follow
offend you we
respect,
and master, we most humbly beseech your
unknown grace know,
too true. For God's sake we
you; and be, we your
Let reason tell you the looseness
the people';
you
wailing
think that you should
ance your grace see the king, being the or
dinary ruler under God, not only others the realm, but you also, call his people
ordinary laws one way, with what heart can your grace stay yourself without following
nature set before
without
the cause disturb
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543] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —Proceedings concerning the [544
their sovereign lord Can it be a love in you you, although both have been and also am to forsake him, his rule and law, and take a loth trouble you with my letters, yet never private way by yourself? if it be not love, it is theless the news which have lately heard, much less obedience. If your grace think the touching my chaplain doctor Mallet, forceth king's inajesty to be over people, the head me thereunto this present; for hear
man's body over the rest, not only credible report, that you have committed him F. but dignity and science, how can you, the Tower, which news seen me very eing principal member the same body, strange. Notwithstanding thought good
keep the nourishment from head? We pray your grace most earnestly, think this thing
much grieveth us, for our private affec
tion and goodwills you (though we should
dissemble) yet for our public office, we cannot but plainly inform your grace, not doubting
but that your wisdom can judge what our office and were not your own cause, we know your grace wisdom could charge us, we
suffered the like any other. Truly every one apart honoureth your grace for our master's sake, but when we join together
desire you advertise me what his imprisonment, assuring you
ublic service,
judge not tolerable,
this writing we do, we know disorder, see
the poor merchant Portugal, worse than myself, and
wish you bid you
May,
unamended. For though
us. And therefore we altogether eftsoons
require your grace, the king's majesty's 1551. Your friend my power. MARY. ”
the cause, and leave
we would negligent, the world would judge
farewell. From Beaulien, the
these the cause
would
serve the like punishment; and there creature within the king's majesty's realm would more lament, that any belonging them should give just cause used, than would do; who would have thought much friendship you, you had given me know ledge wherein my said chaplain had offended, before you had ministered such punishment unto him, estsoons requiring you me know this bearer the truth the matter. And thus thanking you the short dispatch
sorry that any mine should de
name, that any your two chaplains, Mal
let, Barkley, returned, soon any
them shall return your grace's house, the same may be, your grace's commandment
order, sent and delivered the sheriff Essex, who hath commandment from the king's majesty, order the law and his crown,
The Council the Lady Mary, the 6th May, 1551.
“After our humble commendations your grace, we have received your letters the 2d
this month, the which your grace seemeth
take strangely, that doctor Mallet com attach them, that condition shall not mitted prison, whereof we have the more like your grace, yet that then may warn marvel, seeing hath been heretofore signified
from your grace's house, and not kept there, were defended from the power
the law. Which thing think surely neither your grace will mean, nor any your council assent thereto. And so to make an end of our
letter, being long for the matter, and hitherto
deferred for our great business, we trust your
unto you, that hath offended the king's ma jesty's laws, and was therefore condemned, and your grace hath been our letters earnestly
desired that might delivered the she riff Essex, according the just process
the law, the which manner persons this realm subject: Wherefore, howsoever
F. first seeth how the usage ains differeth from the manner
your chap
seem strange iumprisoned,
this time your grace, that
may strange seem more
and what good intent moved
our former letters; lastly, that the things
whereunto the king and the whole realm hath consented, not only lawful and just the policy the realm, but also just and godly the laws God. that we, which have charge under the king, should willingly consent
the open breach them, we could neither discharge ourselves the king for our duties,
deration
God,
your heart, and thereupon build such pro fession you, both God may have his true honour, the king his due obedience, the realm concord, and we most comfort. For all the
holy spirit, lay the bottom
than minister and see, much
power lieth, justice ministered indifferently
our
licence,
our
write you
others, that hath escaped thus long and the place, being the Tower, move your grace not impute his imprisoninent his former
offence, then we pray your grace understand
that indeed for the very same, and the place the imprisonment the king's imajesty's pleasure, from whom, besides the charge his laws, we have express command ment do that we do. And we beseech
your grace think us, that neither this case, nor any other, we mean any other
God for our conscience: the consi which things pray Almighty
which we heartly pray, and therewith, for your chaplain, although indeed the cause bath the continuance your grace's health your already been certified. And we trust your hearts desire. From Westminster, the 25th grace, both your natural nearness the December. ” king's majesty, and your own good wisdom,
neither
The Lady Mary the Lords the Council.
“My lords, after my hearty commendations the king's majesty. wish your grace,
persons. Which doing, then we think your grace should not think any lack friendship that we did not certify you the offence
will not mislike our ministry the execution the laws the realm, and the pleasure
of
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545] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. Vl. 1551–Non-Conformity of King's Sister. [54.
from the bottom our heart, the grace Almighty God, with the riches holy gifts. ”
The Lady Mary
“My lords,
the sixth this present which have received,
that the imprisonment my chaplain, doctor they have told your grace that, the act Mallet, for saying mass, and that was parliament, either Mallet have been convicted condemned for the same. Indeed have heard the oaths twelve men, that the fact that was indicted, but never condemned. have been notorious, then the punishment doth Nevertheless must needs confess and say, follow justly. The truth the one and the
that did but said unto him,
ğ.
and my chaplains
way
enough, besides flying from the process
the Council, the 11th May, 1551.
that manner reason the law, were well disposed please your grace with truth,
appeareth your letters
the reason indeed not true, then should
my commandment;
none
should danger the law for saying mass the law. And where your grace, relieve him,
my house. And thereof put him out doubt, the emperor's embassador that dead declared unto him before that time, how and after what sort the promise was made majesty, whereby appeareth, that the man
would take the fault upon yourself, we are sorry perceive your grace ready
defence one that the king's law doth con demn. Nevertheless, not punished be
hath not that pray you
and set him cause, not only
offended. Wherefore imprisonment,
that which was nished for doing it; and
willingly discharge him
i.
offence, pu but
liberty: him, but
not, minister others, think
we should not executed without respect, might appear that too much neglected
that have declared more than was true, which would not wittingly do, gain the whole world. And herein, have often said, the
emperor's majesty can best judge. And plain with you, according mine own cus tom, there not one amongst the whole num
ber you all, that would more loth
found intrue their word than And well your grace pretendeth your licence have an assured, that none you have found mass said before yourself, for time your me. My lords, pray you seek not much reconciliation, had been far out reason my dishonour, disprove my word, where have desired that whosoever was your chaplain
derstand, that although you write was in dicted, was not condemned, and seem take exception the manner his imprison ment: yet they which informed your grace
other
conviction this case notorious
cause your grace bad him, and willed him
see the king's
our duty and for that your grace taketh discredit yourself, that should pu
nished for that you bad him do, alledging
him that you had authority do, and that
promise was made the emperor, hath
shall appear too plain, that you handle might say mass any house that was yours, me not well. And you have cause charge wien your grace's self was not there;
my chaplain for this matter, lay that me, doctor Mallet's offence, for saying mass one and will discharge again, your promise your houses where your grace was not, which made the emperor's majesty, which you
cannot rightfully deny; wishing rather that you
had refused the beginning, than after such promise made, and such person, seem from it; which, my lords, your very friend, heartily desire you consider, and
that hath been any time made, either the
emperor's ambassador that dead him that now was never but respect your grace, and not taken that the emperor
give me no cause think you otherwise his bassador meant privilege master Dr.
than my friends, considering have always, and yet (God my judge) wish you
worse, neither souls nor bodies, than my self, and so, with my hearty commendations,
Mallet, any other,
presence. Wherefore your grace,
say mass out your plainly write
our commit you God. From Beaulien the due reverence towards your grace any thing
11th May. Your assured friend
my power, MARY. ”
the 27th
soon, per chance was looked for upon the return your grace's servant yet we doubt not but your grace understanding that where
we have matters estate pertaining the king's majesty hand, indeed we have had late, the deferring the answer, matter
being greater, requireth borne withal. And touching the answer your grace's letter for doctor Mallet, we pray your grace un
WQL.
we may with our duty our master, any
your grace may command; and
we know your grace be, that
the better us, for that we
the laws the realm executed, wherein resteth
your the strength and safeguard the king's ma grace, although the same receiveth not answer jesty our sovereign lord and master. ”
The Council the
Lady Mary, May, 1551.
should judge diligent see
“After our due commendations
been both written, and said your grace, what truth that behalf. And howsoever that
thing was never granted, do we not re member that ever was demanded. The suit
we pray you take good part, and think we ready
The Lady Mary the Lords the Council, the 21st June, 1551.
“My lords; Although received my servant, this bearer, (who lately delivered unto you my letters, wherein desired have my chaplain, Dr. Mallet, discharged impri sonment) yourgentle message general words,
the which give you most hearty thanks;
such wisdom
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547]
STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —Proceedings concerning [545
i.
have liberty
knowledge whether you will set incline yourself, but also
not; your that do addict ourselves but think that
judge well
do our duties. And
do, with our cause did not write, for else doubt not but hearts, our due reverence toward your grace,
weighty affairs
that time was the and also shall we ready
would have answered me. Wherefore not whose preservation we commend Almighty
ing satisfied, and understanding would gladly pleasure me, thought good estsoons desire you that my said chaplain may have
liberty, wherein assure you shall much gratify me, being not little troubled, that
long prison without just cause, seeing the matter his imprisonment discharged
God with our prayer. ”
The Lady Mary's Letter
the King's Majesty.
most honourable letters, the contents whereof the promise made the emperor's majesty, do not little trouble me, and much the
my late letter declared unto you. Wherefore my lords, pray you let me have knowledge this bearer, how will use me
this matter; wherein pleasure me
accordingly, then shall well appear that
regard the aforesaid promise, and will not forget your gentleness therein, God willing, but requite my power. And thus with my hearty commendations you all, bid you farewel. From Beaulien the 21st of June.
Your assured friend my power, MARY. ”
more, for that any my said servants should move attempt me matters touching my
soul, which think the meanest subject within your highness realm could evil bear their ser vants hands, having for my part utterly refused heretofore talk with them such matters, and other persons least regarded them therein, whom have declared what think,
Lady Mary
The Council the the 24th
the king your father and mine with his pre decessors did evermore use. Wherein also
“My duty humbly most
your majesty; may please the same adver tised, that have received my servants your
she which trusted that your majesty would have suffered me your poor sister and beadwo man have used the accustomed mass, which
remembered
June, 1551.
have been brought from my youth. And thereunto my conscience doth not only bind me, which means will suffer me think one thing, and another, but also the promise made the emperor your majesties council was assurance me, that doing should not offend the laws, although they seem
“Afterour humble commendations your grace, we have received your grace's letter
the one and twentieth hereof, wherein re ceived the same request that your former letters hath been made for the release of doctor
Mallet, and therein also your grace seenleth
have looked for the same answer your now qualify and deny the thing. And
former letter, the which indeed partly was my last waiting upon your majesty, was
omitted (as your grace conjectureth) the bold declare my mind and conscience the reason the king's majesty's affairs, where same, and desired your highness, rather than
with we thoroughly occupied partly for you should constrain me leave mass, take that we had other thing answer, than away my life, whereunto your majesty made ine you had heretofore heard the same matter. very gentle answer. And now most hum
And therefore where your grace desireth solute answer, we assure the same we sorry for the matter, and that should grace's chance move sith we cannot our duties the king's majesty accomplish
re bly beseech your highness give me leave right write what think touching your majesty's
desire.
laws
manner tempt
necessary thing
the realm executed indifferently
persons, and these cases
the ecclesiastical orders this church
England, that the same may not, without the great displeasure God, and the slander
the state, neglected and therefore your grace may please understand, that we have not only punished your chaplain, but such others whom we find like case to have dis obeyed the laws the king's majesy. And
useth, promise made, we assure your grace, none all, nor any other the council, your grace hath been certified, hath ever been privy any such promise, otherwise than hath been written. And that matter your grace
had plain answer both the king's ma jesty's council, your being last his majes ty's presence and therein also your grace
further, humbly beseech the same, even for God's sake, bear with me you have done,
and not think that my doings example any inconvenience might grow your majesty
your realin for use not after such sort, putting doubt but time come, whether live die, your majesty shall perceive that
your
with your
letters. Indeed, they signed with your own
hand, and nevertheless (in mine opinion) not your majesty's effect, because well known
(as heretofore have declared the presence of your highness)that although,our Lord praised, your majesty hath far more knowledge and greater gifts than other your years, yet
not possible that your highness can these years judge matters Religion: and therefore take that the matter your letters proceedeth from such wish those things
take place which most agreeable them selves, whose doings, your majesty not
see the
con
fended, intend not rule my conscience. touching the excuse your grace oftentimes And thus without molesting your highness any
mine intent grounded upon true love to might perceive his majesty's determination; wards you, whose royal estate beseech Al whereunto beseech your grace not only mighty God long continue, which and shall
in
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549] STATE TRIALS, 5 Euw. VI. 1551. -Non-Conformity of King's Sister. [550
my daily prayer according my duty. realm, should both indeed and also shew her And after pardon craved your majesty for self conformable the laws and ordinances of
these rude and bold letters, neither my the realm, the profession and rites reli humble suit, nor for the regard the promise gion, using the gentle means exhortation made the emperor, your highness will suffer and advise that could be devised, the intent
and bear with me you have done, till your that the reformation majesty may judge herein yourself, and come herself,
the fault unight willingly the expectation and desire good wise men was: yet
rightly understand their proceedings, (of which his majesty and
your goodness yet despair not otherwise notwithstanding his majesty seeth that hitherto
rather than offend God and my conscience, offer my body your will, and death shall be more welcome than life with troubled
no manner amendment hath followed, but the continuance the error and manifest breach his laws small peril consequently may hap the state his realin, especially
conscience; most humbly beseeching your ma
jesty pardon my slowness answering your the sufferance such fault being directly
letters. For mine old disease would not suffer the dishonour God, and the great offence me write any sooner. And thus pray Al his majesty's conscience, and other good
mighty God keep your majesty virtue
men and therefore late, even with the con sent and advice the whole state his privy council, and divers others the nobility his
and honour, with good health and long life
his pleasure. From my poor house Copped
Hall the 19th August. Your majesty's idost realin, whose names may repeat, you
humble sister, MARY. ”
The King's Letters the Lady Mary. “Right dear and right entirely beloved sister,
we greet you well, and let you know that grieveth much perceive amendment
you, that which we for God's cause, your soul's health, our conscience, and the common tranquillity our realm, have long desired
assuring you that our sufferance hath much more demonstration natural love, than con tentation our conscience, and foresight
our safety. Wherefore although you give
think convenient, his majesty did resolutely de termine just, necessary and expedient, that
her grace should not tain the private mass,
service, than such
authorised and allowed; and
her grace, was thought respect favourable pro ceeding with herself, have the same, not only manifested her own officers and ser
vants, being most esteemed with her, but also executed with them her house, well
for the quiet proceeding the very matter,
for the less molesting her grace with any message strangers, that time her soli
tariness, wherein her grace was then reason the late sickness. For which purpose her three servants, Rochester, Engle field, and
found guilty our conscience God, hav
ing cause require forgiveness that we have First deliver his majesty's letter her,
occasion, much almost
nish our natural love; yet we decay, and mean not
you dimi loth feel careless you
we provoked. —And therefore meaning your weal, and therewith joining care not
Walgrave were sent message this manner,
long for respect love toward you omitted our bounden duty, we send this present our right trusty and right well-beloved counsellor the lord Rich chancellor England, and our trusty and right well-beloved counsellors, sir Anthony Wingfield, knight, controller our houshold, and Wm. Paget, knight, one our principal secretaries, message you,
next discharge the complaints saying mass, and prohibiting the household from hear ing any. Wherein the king's majesty per
ceiveth upon their own report, being re turned the court, how negligently, and
indeed how falsely, they have executed their commandment and charge, contrary the duty good subjects, and the manifest con tempt his majesty. Insomuch manifestly
touching the order
house, willing you
. . ". things they they have before his majesty's council refused
give
shall say you from us, and there our
name. Given under our signet our castle Windsor, the 24th August, the first year
our reign. ”
The King's Instructions given the said Lord Chancellor, Wingfield, and Ism. Paget, knights, 24th August, 1551.
“First you the said lord chancellor and your colleagues shall make your immediate repair the said lady Mary, giving her his majes ty's hearty commendations, and shew the cause
them firm credit those
that which pertaineth every true faith suoject, the offence far his majesty
your coming followeth. -Although
his majesty hath long time, well his ma sending thither late his officers message,
jesty's own inouth and writing, his coun but also the causes their absence now pre
cil, travelled that the said lady being his sister, sently. And further, the default the said and principal subject and member his officers, take order, well with her chap
and derogation his authority, that
wise
the punishment them could forborn and
yet the manner the punishment them,
his majesty and his council hath such conside
ration and respect her person, being his sister,
that without doubt his majesty could not with
honour have had the like considcration or favour the punishment the dearest counsellor
hath, any them had offended and therefore his majesty hath sent you three not only declare her grace the causes their
any wise use main any other manner
the law
the realm participate
this his majesty's determination
of to of to so e as I a to
be
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551] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [552
hains, as with the whole household, that his with her grace, for the declarations the majesty's laws may be there observed. And in causes your coming, shall then cause
the communication with her, you shall take called afore you the chaplains, and the occasion to answer in his majesty's name cer rest the houshold there present, and the tain points of her Letter, sent now lately to his king's majesty's name most straitly forbid the majesty. The copy of which letter is now also chaplains either say use any mass sent you to peruse, for your better instruction kind service, other than the law autho how to proceed therein. First, her allegation of rised; and likewise shall forbid the rest the promise made to the emperor must be so an the company present any such pro swered, as the truth of the matter serveth, where hibited service, upon pain most straitly of every of you have heard sufficient testimony punished, worthily falling into the danger divers times in the council. For her offering of the king's indignation, and alike charge them her body at the king's will, rather than to all, that any such offence shall openly
change her conscience, it grieveth his majesty
much, that her conscience is so settled in error,
and yet no such thing is meant of his majesty,
nor of any one of his council once to hurt, or
will evil to her body, but even from the bottom
of their heart they wish to her Menten sanam
in corpore sano. And therefore ye shall do very well to persuade her grace, that this proceed--
bath to avoid the offence of God, and of neces Item, forasmuch
ing cometh only of the conscience the king with prison,
any other person, disobe shall commit them forth shall think convenient. —
sary counsel and wisdom to see his laws in so mination Richmond, and there understood
weighty causes executed. Item, because it is how necessary was have reformation here
pleasure that
own chief officers
servant shall advertise houshold, the intent
have under
the same may
other where helped conveniently, her grace you give observed, and you shall judge shall not lack. -Item, having thus proceeded fit, certify hither. ”
lic Records
The Writ Manner
manner followeth
Evidence touching the Order and the Misdemeanor Winchester,
supplied any store here
44. Proceedings against STEPHEN GARDIN ER, bishop Winchester, for opposing the Reformation Religion, and disobeying the King's Orders and Injunctions respecting the same: Edw. VI. 1551.
FIRST
will set before the reader the copy
appointed certain orders injunctions be generally observed which being such
some part touched the reformation many abuses, and other parts concerned the good governance and quiet the realm, were (as
reason would) men sorts obediently received, and reverently observed and executed, saving only the bishop Winchester, who
well conference with other, open protestation and letters also, shewed such will ful disobedience therein, had not been quickly espied, might have bred much unquiet ness and trouble upon the knowledge thereof
being sent for, and his lewd proceedings
certain Writ Evidence against the said Bishop, wherein, brief sum, generally described the whole order and manner of his misordered deineanour, copied out the pub
with Declaration the Faults wherewith was justly charged.
“Whereas the king's majesty, the advice the Lord Protector and the rest his high ness's privy council, thinking requisite for sun
secretly committed, they shall advertise some his majesty's council. the which clause shall use the reasons their natural duty
were privy the deter
and allegiance that they owe subjects their sovereign lord, which derogateth other earthly duties. —Item, you shall find either any the priests,
dient this order,
thought that Rochester had the care and con sideration of her grace's provision of household,
your discretion the manner the proceed disordered or disfurnished ; his majesty hath ing herein, any thing shall chance arise
sent a trusty skilful man of his own houshold, there that your opinions might otherwise to serve her grace for the time. Who also is than according these instructions, conduce sufficiently instructed of Ruchester of the state you the execution your charge, which
and by his absence the same might either be
ofher things of houshold. And ifthere shall one sum avoid the use
the private the house shall devise
be any thing lacking in the same, his majesty's
mass, and other unlawful service
the said Lady Mary. —Item,
some means you may,
standing after your departure, how the order
his majesty upon the great confidence
hath your wisdom and uprightness, remitteth
[Fox's Acts and Monum. 711. ]
dry urgent considerations have general
visitation throughout the whole realm, did
about ten months past address forth Commis
sioners, and the advice sundry bishops otherwise) was thought worthy most sharp
receive the said Orders and Injunctions, and other the best learned men the realm, punishment: and yet considering the place
laid his charge, the presence the whole council, used himself, (as well denying
by
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beat
553] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —for opposing the Reformation. [554
had been was only sequestered the have stirred great tumult, and certain Fleet, where after he had remained certain great inatters touching the policy the realm, time, much his ease had been handled himself colourably, therein his own house, upon his promise conformity showed himself open great offender, and
liberty again, and also very seditious man: forsomuch these his
his diocese proceedings were such sort, being suffered was, forget escape unpunished might breed innumerable
had made, inconveniences, and that the clemencies shew he began forthwith set forth such matters, him afore, their grace and lordships,
bred again more strife, variance, and con did work him good effect, but rather tention that one small city and shire, than pride and boldness demean himself more and was almost the whole realm after. Besides more disobediently against his majesty's and that, the lord protector's grace and the council
was both set licensed repair
and remain Where when ting his duty, and what promise
his pleasure.
were informed, that, withstand such he
thought have been sent from their grace and
lordships into those parts, had caused his
servants secretly armed and harnessed, time his committing, Ralph Sadler and and inoreover when such preachers, being William Hunnings, clerk the council, should
men godly life and learning, were sent into
that diocese his grace and lordships
preach the word God, had appointed
preach, the bishop, disappoint and disgrace ed, first here the reader noted, how
them, and hinder his majesty's proceedings,
did occupy the pulpit himself, not fearing
his sermon warn the people beware
such new preachers, and embrace none injunctions, for the which justly deserved other doctrine but that which had taught much more severe punishment, albeit the king them, (than the which words none could have with his uncle the lord protector, more gently been spoken inore perilous and seditious. ) proceeding with him, were contented only
his grace's proceedings, was determined
their grace and lordships, that should committed the Tower, and conveyed thi ther Anthony Wingfield, and that the
seal the doors such places his house they should think meet; which was done accordingly. ”—By this evidence abovemention
lewdly and disobediently the said Stephen Gar diner misused himself the king's general vi sitation, denying receive such orders and
Whereupon, being eftsoons sent for, and their
grace and lordships objecting him many
particular matters, wherewith they had just
cause charge him, they did the end upon
his second promise leave him liberty, only
willing him remain his house London,
because they thought most meet sequester
him from his diocese for time; and being ticulars were too long here rehearse, consi come his house, began afresh ruffle dering how this book overcharged see and meddle matters, wherein had neither already; and especially seeing the same commission nor authority; part whereof notified our first edition sufficiently, touched the king's majesty. Whereof being aforesaid. Wherefore, omitting the rehearsal yet once again admonished his grace and these said letters, and referring the reader their lordships, did not only promise con the book aforesaid, will only repeat one letter form himself things like good subject,
but also because he understood that he was di versly reported and many were also offend ed with him, he offered declare the world his conformity, and promised open sermon
the said bishop, with the answers the lord
Letter Winchester Master Vaughan. “Master Vaughan, after my right hearty upon, that such had been offended, should commendations: my last letters my lord protector, signifying, according the general
open his mind sundry articles agreed
have no more cause be offended, but well satisfied things. Declaring further, that his own conscience was well satisfied, and liked well the king's proceedings within this
disobediently, and that the presence his majesty, their grace and lordships, and such audience the like whereof hath not lightly
been seen, speak certain matters contrary
an express commandment given him his majesty's behalf, both mouth and letters, but also the rest of the articles whereunto
had agreed before, used such matter utterance was very like even there presently,
cominandment letters given justices peace, the state this shire, declared (as supposed true) the shire good order,
quiet, and conformity, for had not then heard any alteration this shire, which the said
letters of commandment did forbid. Now of
late within these two days, have heard
great and detestable (if true that told me) innovation the town Portsmouth, where the images Christ and his saints have been most contemptuously pulled down, and spitefully handled. Herein thought good both write you and the mayor, the king's majesty's chief ministers, well know the truth, consult with you for the reformation
the intent may seen discharge
realm, would utter his conscience abroad, the satisfaction and good quiet others. And yet this notwithstanding, the day appointed, did not only most arrogantly and
make him taste the Fleet. the which house, his durance was not long, his intreating and ordering was very easy. Out the which
Fleet, divers and sundry letters wrote the
lord protector and other also the archbishop
the council, certain Canterbury, and some
master Ridley bishop
London the par
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555] STATE TRLALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [556
my duty, and discharging it indeed both to God clouts and pitch, whereof and whereupon our and to the king's majesty, under whom I am books made, such few can skill of, and
here appointed to have cure, and care to re
lieve such as be by any ways fallen, and pre
serve the rest that stand from like danger. Ye
not the hundredth part the realm and we few that can read, because we read one sort letters, privileged they have many re
are a gentleman with whom I have had ac liefs, shall pull away the books the rest, and
quaintance, and whom I know to be wise, and would have our letters only estimation, and
esteem to have more knowledge, wisdom, and blind them, shall not they have just cause
discretion, than to allow any such enormities, mistrust what meant And the cross and therefore I do the more willingly consult truth, and true that Christ suffer with you herein, with request friendly to know ed, why may we not have writing thereof, of you the very truth in the matter, who be the such can read, that say image? doers, and the circumstances of and whe this opinion should proceed, when the king's ther you think the matter far gone with the majesty hereafter should shew his person, his multitude, and whether the reproof and dis lively image, the honour due God's law among proving the deed, might without further such might continue; but for the king's
danger enterprised the pulpit, not,
minding, may be, send one thither
for that purpose upon Sunday next coming.
would use preaching should not occa
sion any further folly where folly begun, proveth false images made stocks and stones, and multitude, persuaded the opinion and so doth false men made of flesh and bones.
destruction images, would never preach. —When the emperor's money was shewed
For (as Scripture willeth us) we should cast Christ, wherein was the image the emperor, precious stones before hogs. Such in Christ condemned not that image calling
sected with that opinion, they hogs and idol, nor noted that money against God's worse than hogs, there any grosser beasts law, because had image though than hogs be, and have been ever taken, and were against the precept God, Thou shalt
membrance their state and acts; and the and such as have known vexed with that pursuivant carrieth not his breast the king's devil (as have known some) nevertheless
name written with such letters as few can
spell, but such can read, they never rude, being great known letters images
wonderously obstinate and they can find one that can spell Latin help forth their
were the Jews, and slander whatsoever said beasts holding those arms. And that can them for their relief. Of this sort know
three lions, and three flowers luce, and other
not read the scripture written about the king's great seal, yet can read saint George
horseback the one side, and the king sitting
them be, and therefore wish there were many that sort with you, would not irritate them preaching without fruit, but labour for reformation my Lord Protector. But you thought there might other ways used first
his majesty
the other side, and readeth those images,
much written honest man,
good effect, would follow your advice, and the seal were broken chance, would and proceeding with you and the mayor, with both
will put of his cap, and although
your helps that may me the re dress the matter; which take be such enterprise against Christ's religion, there cannot greater man excogitate with the and stones, which matter images graven, devil's instigation, and this time much hurt the common state, can your wis dom consider. Whom heartily desire and
might make candle yet would not noted have broken the seal for that pur
pose, call piece wax only whilst continueth whole. And reviling stocks
the setting the truth read them
all men shall be contemned how shall such
writing continue honour comprised pray send me answer this bearer these
standards, his banners, his arms should hardly continue their due reverence for fear of Lol lards idolatry, which they gather upon scripture beastly, not only untruely. The scripture re
England they are called Lollards, who deny
ing images, thought there withal the crafts
painting and graving generally superfluous
and naught, and against God's laws. —In Ger
many, such maintained that opinion de
stroying images, were accounted the dregs
cast out Luther after had tunned his
brewings Christ's religion, and taken
hogs meat. For the reproof whom Luther ment, stones, wood, bones, A. the Chan wrote book specially, and have with mine cery hand, and the Secretary hand, eyes seen the images standing churches, letter Germany fashion, any other where Luther was had estimation. For the form, they one estimation, and may destruction images containeth enterprise be, man inclining the devil, used for
subvert religion and the state the world
with and especially the nobility, who
images set forth and spread abroad read people, their lineage, parentage, with re
falsehood, applying God's gracious calling, used set forth truth. terrible matter
think, that this false opinion conceived against images should trouble any man's head
have graven image; but taught them good
civility, calling the emperor's image, and
bid them use the money was ordered used his right use. —There scripture that reproveth truth, and scripture reproveth
falsehood. False writings, false books, false images and false men, nought, con temned and despised; for paper, ink, parch
madness, they more obdurate than ever
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557] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —for opposing the Reformation. [553
A Letter of the Lord Protector” answering - to the Letter above.
After hearty commendations, I received of
late two letters from your lordship, the one in
closed in a letter of master Vaughan's to us,
and directed to him, the other directed straight
unto us, very wittily and learnedly written,
whereby we do perceive how earnest you are try giving cause thereto. —They that condemn that no innovations should be had. The which images, because the matter that they are made mind of yours as we do highly esteem and al but vile, stocks and stones, may like low, proceeding from one that would quietness, wise despise printing paper because the so we would likewise wish, that you should take ink hath pitch and the paper made good heed that too much fear of innovation or old rags. And they both alike, might disturbance doth not cause both of them to be.
Many times in an host, he that crieth enemies!
enemies! when there be none, causeth not only
disturbance, but sometimes a mutiny or rebel
lion to be made, and he that for fear of a sick doubted word God comprised, should ness to come taketh unadvisedly a purgation, torn pieces, burned made paste Nor sometimes maketh himself sick indeed. We we now speak false Bibles, nor false gos perceive by the said your letters, that hainouser
facts and words have been brought to your
cares, than there was cause why : and those
facts which were punishable be already by him
redrest. —For the matter of Images, an order
was taken in the late king of famous memory
our sovereign lord's days. When the abused
images (yet lurking in some places by negli
gence of them who should ere this time have
looked unto the same), be now abolished,
not that matter the abolishing
images. Though felons and adulterers
nished, men not slain. Though the sight. We cannot see but that images may images which did adulterate God's glory counted marvellous books whom we have taken away, we may not think and kneeled, whom we have kissed, upon whom we manner images destroyed. Yet after have rubbed our beads and handkerchiefs, unto our advice, better were for time abolish whom we have lighted candles, whom we have them all, than that for the dead images the asked pardon and help, which thing hath seldom king's loving subjects, being faithful and true been seen done the gospel God, the very
the king's majesty, should put variance true Bible. For who kissed that but the priest and disturbance. With quietness the magis the mass, painted picture, such
trates and rulers shall keep them well order, ceremony Or who kneeleth unto setteth whom contentious preachers might irritate and candle before it? and yet seeth heareth, provoke disorder and strife. So must well the images pictures either St. provided that the king's majesty's images, arms John, our Lady, Christ. —Indeed images and ensigns, should honoured and wor great letters; yet big they be, we have shipped, after the decent order and invention seen many which have read them aniss. And
human laws and ceremonies, and never like they likely read amiss, that theless that other images, contrary God's God himself, fearing the Jews become evil ordinances and laws, should not made par readers them, generally did forbid them. takers that reverence, adoration and invo Nor any great marvel though reading cation, which (forbidden God) should dero them the lay-people are many times deceived, gate ilis honour, and be occasion accumulate when your lerdship, appeareth, hath not God's wrath upon us. Where they taken truly read most true and most common
my letters, to the intent I may use myself in his counsel and order; yet more gentleness sending of a preacher thither, or writing to my was shewed those books images, than Lord Protector, as the case shall require ac the true and unfeigned books God's word, cordingly. And thus fare you heartily well. both being abused, the one with idolatry, the From my house at Wolvesey, the 3rd of May, other with contention. The Scripture was re 1547. STEPH WINT.
moved for time from certain persons, and almost from the images were left still them who most did abuse them, the thing be ing yet closed from them which should teach the use. Wherefore may appear unto meet, more diligenter heed taken that the abused before not abused again, the ad vantage some priests, simplicity laymen, and great inclination man's nature idola
reasoned why man should more ag grieved, that image wood, though were St. Anne, St. Margaret, should burned,
than will that the Bible, wherein the un
for remembrance, maketh great matter
though they stand still the church market stead, following the late king famous memory
image. Your lordship hath found out, the king's highness great seal, St. George horse back, which the graver never made nor the sealer ever . ealed with it; and this inscrip
pu
pels, but the very true gospel, either Latin, Greek, English, which we see every day done, and sometime commanded, because the translator displeaseth us; and yet herein
man exclaimeth terrible and detestable fact done. But let one image either for age, and because worm-eaten, because hath been foolishly abused, burnt abo lished, and some men are exceeding rage, though not stock stone, but true saint of flesh and bone should be cast into the fire, which were detestable and terrible
Edward duke of Somerset. See No. 41 tion not very little, and were, could and 42. not escape your lordship's eyes. As the in
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559] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [560
scription testifieth, the king's image is on both but our lady and Christ false images and the sides; on the one side as in war the chief idols, representing foolish, blind and igno captain; on the other side as in peace the rant mens hearts and thoughts, that which was liege sovereign; in harness with his sword not them, and they ought not made drawn to defend his subjects; in his robes in for. The which were you, my lord, have the seat of justice with his sceptre rightfully to been removed sooner, and before that the cap
tain there should have need to have done it. But your lordship slack such matters, that removeth false images and idols abused doth not thing worthy blame. —Christ
rule and govern them, as he whom both in peace
and war we acknowledge our most natural and
chiefest head, ruler and governor. If it were
St. George, my lord, where is his spear and
dragon And why should the inscription round called not the money, having Caesar's image
about tell an untruth, and not agree to the
idol, when was used lawful uses, and pay the due tribute withal. But when
image Yet it is called sometimes so of the
rude and ignorant people; but not by and by,
that, that is commonly called so, is always money his neighbour good and the com
truest. And some have thought that by like deceiving, as your lordship herein appeareth to have been deceived, the image of Bellerophon
monwealth service, saint Paul, Christ's disciple, called that covetousness, and the serving and bondage idols. that even money may
idolatry, we make too much those images which Christ here doth not reprehend.
or Perseus was turned first and appointed to
be St. George, and of Polyphemus, of Hercules,
or of some other Colossus, to be St. Christo There be some so ticklish and so fearful one
pher, because authentical histories have not ways, and tender stomached, that they can fully proved their two lives. But those be in abide no old abuses reformed, but think different to be true or not true, either thus in every reformation capital enterprise vented upon some devise, or rising of a true fact against religion and good order: there
or history, and whether it were true or not, it on the contrary side some too rash, who having maketh no great matter. —It were hardly done consideration what done, headlong indeed, my lord, if that you, and a few which will set upon every thing. The magistrate's can read, should take away from the unlearned duty betwixt these, mean see and multitude their books of their images: but it provide that old doting should not take further were more hardly done, if that you or a few deeper rust the commonwealth, neither which can read in one or two languages, (as ancient error overcome the seen and tried truth
Greek and Latin) the word of God, and have nor long abuse, for the age and space time had thereby many reliefs and privileges, should only, still suffered and yet these with pull away the English books from the rest quietness and gentleness, and without con which only understand English ; and would tention, were possible,
have only your letters of Greek and Latin in To the which your lordship,
estimation, and bind all them, which under God hath given great qualities
stand not these languages, from the knowledge and persuasion, could bring great help and fur of God's word. And indeed, my lord, by your therance, were your pleasure, with great saying, they have just occasion to suspect what thanks of men and reward of God. The which is meant. —What you mean by true images and thing our full desire and purpose, and our false images, it is not so easy to perceive. If hearty and daily prayer God, that the they be only false images, which have nothing king's majesty's time, whose majesty's reign that they represent, as St. Paul writeth, An God preserve, abuses with wisdom reformed,
man doth not use those images graven
idol is nothing, because there is no such god, and therefore the cross can be no false image, because it is true that Christ suffered upon it : then the image of the sun and the moon were no idols, for such things there be as the sun and the moon, and they were in the image then so represented, as painting and carving doth represent them. And the image of Ninus and Cesar, and (as some write) the images of
the chosen gods (as they called them)
were the images once living men. And
might said that the image God the Father
hath such eyes, nose, lips, and long grey
beard, with furred robe, nor ever had, they
carve and paint him have But that
false image and an idol which otherwise wor with his tattling. And alas, my lord, this
shipped and accepted than the brazen serpent, being representation Christ,
ought be, true image and abuse was made
piteous case, that having much business have, these inward disorders should added unto them, the courage such would
idol; may thought times past, and this realm any ways evil. For this the thing peradventure now this time, some places, they would desire, with hope thereby dis the images not only St. John St. Anne, order this realm, being now time rather
wit, learning,
Christ's religion with good and politic order the Commonwealth, without any contention and strife among the king's subjects, might
flourish and daily increase. And this your lordships letter sent master Vaughan Portsmouth.
Winchester the Lord Protector.
May please your grace understand, that
have noted some points my lord Saint David's sermon, which send unto you here with, whereby declare unto you some part
what think, for the whole cannot express: somewhat shall incumber you with my bab bling, but hath incumbered some friends more
reformed. man whom
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561] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —for opposing Reformation. [502
repair that which needeth reparation, than nority our sovereign lord. told the em make any new buildings which they pretend.