a reference to the swift-
footed Atalanta of Calydon, whose speed was like the wind but who was tricked by the golden apples to lose the race to Hippo- menes; or perhaps the destruction of Caly~ don by fire after the death of Maleager at the hands of his mother / sister Althea
[Meta.
footed Atalanta of Calydon, whose speed was like the wind but who was tricked by the golden apples to lose the race to Hippo- menes; or perhaps the destruction of Caly~ don by fire after the death of Maleager at the hands of his mother / sister Althea
[Meta.
A-Companion-to-the-Cantos-of-Ezra-Pound-II
.
.
: [91:52].
99. Aunt EtheIfled: Source says: "Took . care of education by the great zeal of his
aunt" [JW, Later, 164].
100. Canute: King of England (! OI7? 1035). He is to be honored because he lightened the burden of both taxes and tolls.
101. Gerbert: A Frenchman who was in? stalled as Pope Sylvester II (999-1003). He was educated in Spain in astronomy and mathematics, in the tradition of Averroes and Avicenna. Hence, the astrolabe, a new instrument that was an improvement over the tools of Ptolemy.
102. A tenth tithe . . . : A provision of Alfred to be honored because it was a share, not a blanket indiscriminate tax: a distinc- tion related to Social Credit.
103. CrommeIyn . . . : Any of 5 Crommelin brothers who became American heroes in WWII [HM, Caged, 69; Zapatka, Pai, 2? 3, 423].
104. del Valle: Lt. Gen. Pedro A. del Valle, who commanded the U. S. Marines in the Battle of Okinawa, WWII. He became a staunch defender of Pound in the 1950s [EM, Difficult, 355]. David Horton, Rex Lampman, Harry Meacham, and others 0[- chestrated a campaign of such heroes in their efforts to get Pound out of St. Elizabeths. They all saw him as a defender of the Can? stitution.
105. 7rcxVDvp-yicx: H, "knavery" [99/706]. 106. Guido: G. Cavalcanti [4:46].
107. Proslogion: The major theological work of St. Anselm.
108. Villon: [97:35]. Franl'ois V. , 1431- 1464? , one of Pound's favorite French poets [SR, 166-178].
106/752 689 CANTO CVI
Sources
Lewis Maverick, ed. , Economic Dialogues in Ancient China: Se- lections from the Kuan-tzu, trans. T'an Po-fu and Wen Kung-wen, Carbondale, Ill. , 1954 [Kuan]; Analects XIX, 18 [CON, 285] ; Paul the Deacon, History o f the Langobards, trans. William Dud? ley Foulke, N. Y. 1906 [Deacon, Langobards]; Ovid,Meta, VIII, 580-683; EP, SR, 34; Hagoromo [CNTJ, 103].
Background
EP, Bridson Interview,ND 17, 175;SP, 53.
Exegeses
EH, Pai, 10? 3, 285-286; HK, Era, 107? 108, 119, 185, 546; MB,
Trace, 425-443; CFT, Pai, 2? 3, 453-454.
Glossary
from France only led to their conquest of Africa in 429 [JW].
85. Alani: Nomadic peoples from the Cau? casus who merged with the Vandals in France and Spain and eventually conquered North Africa.
86. Omnia Galli. : L, "All Gaul. " Here refers to Faramond, the first king of the Franks in 425.
87. Pepin . . . : [96:51]. King of the Franks (751? 768). He was crowned over an altar to Zagreus (Dionysus) at the Church of St. Denis in Paris [95:73]. He is thus linked with St. Dionysius [95:72].
88. Ethelbald: [Cf. 66 above].
89. Charles: Charlemagne, son of Pepin the Short.
90. Offa: King of Mercia (757. 796). His laws became highly regarded and his coinage system was used for 500 years. Wm. of Malmesbury says Charlemagne gave him a "baltheum" ("belt") and a "gladium Huni? scum" ("sword of the Huns") as part of the first recorded commercial treaty in English history [97:64].
91. Quendrida . . . Kenelm: In 821 the 7? year? old king of Mercia (later called St. Kenelm) was killed by his sister Quendrida
1. her daughter: Kore/Persephone. The opening pages of this canto are a sort of subject-response incantation between the Eleusinian mystery rites and the oriental wis- dom that climaxed in Neoconfucianism, or "between Kung and Eleusis" [52: 18].
2. Demeter: [98/684-685]. Mother of Per? sephone, who was abducted by Dis, the god of the underworld.
3. Phlegethon: [75:1].
4. Ideograms: Kuan3 [M3557], "to gov? ern"; tzu [M6939], "master"; together, the name of Kuan Chung, or Kuan I-Wu, prime minister of the state of Ch'i, 684-645 B. C. He was given the honorific title tzu ("mas- ter, teacher, philosopher") after his death. His extensive writings became known by his name. The book by Maverick [Kuan] has a selection of 32 essays, followed by a detailed commentary. All of the essays reflect the primacy of agriculture and appear to be a major source for Kung's thought 150 years later. Essay 1, titled "On Shepherding the People," starts: "Every ruler. . . should above all things adjust his administration to
the four seasons. He should flll and watch over the granaries and public storehouses . . . When the granaries have been fllled, then the people will obey the laws and the rules of courtesy" [Kuan, 31]. Later: "The ancient kings . . . enriched their subjects through the increased production of grain. The people cannot live without grain to eat" [Kuan, 70].
decrees . . .
[JW, Later, 163].
92. Egbert: [Cf. 67 above]. 93. looping the light . . . :
5. NINE
"Basic Methods of Government," records de- crees adopted by 9 assemblies. "At the first assembly, the following regulation was is- sued: 'Unless ordered by the God of the Sombre Heavens . . . none shall conduct a military campaign, even for only one day. ' At the second assembly, this regulation: 'Take care of the aged who have lost their relatives; feed those who are permanently ill; give shelter to helpless persons'" [Kuan, 58]. The 9 together add up to a precis of the Analects.
94. Harlulf's . . . : Wm. of M. says he took the story of Charles of the Suevi's visions from H. 's Chronicon Centulense [Migne, vol. 174, col. 1211 ff].
95. For a thousand . . . versa: Pound's judg? ment of all the people and events he has been reading about and, in the canto, giving cues to.
96. Alfred: A. the Great (849? 899? ). He "instituted the tenth'parts called tithings" [JW, Later, 164].
97. Erigena: [36:9; 74: 104]. Wm. of M.
6. Venice shawls: [98:14,15].
7. ThisTzu. . . :Theguideinthefinalrites
[Cf. 63
above].
: Essay 8,
entitled
? 690
106/752-753
106/753-755
691
of Eleusis, or a reference to Kuan Tzu above, or perhaps both.
8. Kuan Chung: [Cf. 4 aboveJ.
9. Patera: Patara. Legend has it that a cup of white gold preserved at the temple at Lyndos on the island of Rhodes was mod- elled on the breast of Helen. Pound first marvelled in print at the thought in 1917 [PD, 102J. Pound's spelling appears to come from Paul the Deacon [96: 10J, who said of the goblet Alboin made out of Cunimund's head: "This kind of goblet is called among them 'scala,' but in the Latin language 'pa- tera'" (Deacon, Langobards, 51; EH, Pat, 10-3, 585-586J.
10. beEO"H,"thegod. "
11. Caledon: Prob.
a reference to the swift-
footed Atalanta of Calydon, whose speed was like the wind but who was tricked by the golden apples to lose the race to Hippo- menes; or perhaps the destruction of Caly~ don by fire after the death of Maleager at the hands of his mother / sister Althea
[Meta. VIII, 580-683J .
12. Apeliota: [74:304J. The East Wind.
13. deep waters . . . : [91:4J
14. nueva lumbre: P, "new reflections. " From, "~V dar nueva lumbre las armes y hierros," in a canzon of Arnaut Daniel, which Pound translated: "And the arms irons give forth new (or strange) reflections"
[SR, 34J.
15. the flame's barge: [91:28J.
16. Amazon, Orinoco: Great rivers in Brazil.
17. Kuan Chung: [Cf. 4 aboveJ. Pound said: "Fuller [BuckminsterJ wrote me that he'd seen the Kuan~tzu three years ago and that it was the best book on economics he'd ever read . . . When Mencius and a few high- brows were objecting to Kuan Chung be- cause he wasn't a saint, Confucius said, 'You cannot judge a man like that as you would any bum who could die in the gutter and nobody know it. ' If it weren't for Kuan
Chung, we'd still be dressing ourselves like barbarians" [Bridson, ND 17, 175J.
18. Antoninus . . . : [78:56J. Paraphrase: If Antoninus got as far as Kuan Chung did in understanding economics, his knowledge has been hidden from us. Said Pound, "Now as I see it, billions of money are being spent to hide about seventeen historic facts" [ibid. ; see contrary opinion in MB, Trace, 433].
19. Ideogram: Kuan ' [M3571]' "a frontier pass or gate . . . a customhouse; suburbs of a city. " Not to be confused with kuan3 [M3557J above: "to govern. " Pound appar- ently confused the character for gate with that of pi [M5089J. It was an error he made earlier in translating the first line of Ode 1, "Hid! Hid! ' the fish-hawk saith" [EP, Confu- cian Odes, 2; EH, Letter to ME, 9 Mar. , 1977J.
20. Ad . . . donat: L, "He gave the city to posterity. " But the -as ending does not exist as an accusative or anything else. Perhaps by "posteros" Pound meant "gate. "
21. Artemis: Prob. a coin uttered by Anto- ninus with the image of the goddess.
22. 400 . . . copper: The Kuan Tzu "There are 467 mountains producing cop- per. . . . If there is cinnabar on the surface there will be copper and gold beneath"
[Kuan, 145-146J. Cinnabar: the chief ore of mercury.
23. Ko Lu: "From the mountains in Ko Lu there came a flood, which washed down gold" [Kuan, 146J.
24. XREIA: H, "gold. " "So these minerals commanded high and stable prices. . . . 'When the demand for it becomes urgent, gold becomes heavy. . . . ' The ancient kings estimated the degree of urgency, and issued decrees accordingly" [Kuan, 147J .
25. Yao . . . jade: "The ancient kings . . . made use of their concentrated value. Pearls and jade were adopted as the superior mon- ey; gold the middle" [ibid. J.
lines are a reprise of the Eleusinian and grain-rite mysteries celebrated to evoke the earth's return to life in the spring.
27. Luigi: [97:232J.
42. Sulmona: [103/736; 105/746; for the lion and gold light, see 21:43J.
43. king-wings: The "blue-grays" and the "king-wings" are butterflies [Frag/802J. The paradisal image of souls in fiight, the final stage in the process from the earth: from egg to chrysalis to wings, as with the wasp
[83/532-533J.
44. asphodel: The flower of the Elysian
Fields [Aeneid VI; 21 :60; 78/482J.
45. broom-plant: Prob. Musa paradisiaca, or
plantain.
46. Yao and Shun: [Cf. 25 aboveJ.
47. Whuder . . . lidhan: ME, "Where I might go . . . " [91:4IJ.
48. acorn of light: The primal unseen light from which all intelligence in the universe flows [CFT, Pai, 2-3, 453-454; 116/795J.
49. Aquileia: A town in NE Italy, once a chie(city of the Roman Empire.
26. the goddess . . . hypostasis:
These
20
says:
5! . three years
Edward VIII, who according to Pound, de- layed WWII for three years and was forced to abdicate for this, rather than for Wallis Simpson [86:47J.
52. violet . . . them: The eyes motif [81 :54; 83:61; 97:188-190J.
53. Buck stands . . . : The ash, along with the oak, laurel, and cedar, is a sacred tree [Ciriot, 328J. To Pound, deer are hieratic animals, as in various paradiso passages
[17/77; 104:118J.
54. Selena Arsinoe: Queen Arsinoe II, of Egypt (316-270 B. C. ), who married her brother Ptolemy II and became the mother- in-law of Berenice [97: 170J. She died July 9 and was worshipped thereafter (as in life) as Arsinoe Aphrodite. She was also called Ze- phyritis after the temple Admiral Callicrates built in her honor at Zephyrium. An epigram of Posidippus may be Pound's source: "Pro- pitiate . . , this temple of Cyprian Arsinoe
r
28.
Persephone was abducted into the under- world [Meta. V, 485 ff. J.
29. Nyssa: Where the abduction took place according the Hymn to Demeter.
30. Circe: [1: I J . Certain cantos in Thrones as well as Drafts contain an increasing num- ber of thematic recapitulations reaching back to the beginning of the poem. Note the pines at Ise [4:23J.
31. Persephone: [1:11,3:8J.
32. juniper: A holy bush of the Na-khi [101:2J. "In the centre/ is/ Juniper" [110/778J.
33. Alhene Pronoia: H, "Athena [whoJ, knows the future. "
34. hypostasis: [81:55J.
35. Helios, Perse: Circe in her role of sexual- ity is seen as the daughter of the sun, and Perse[phoneJ is seen as earth-goddess.
36. Zeus . . . Leto: Zeus, in conjunction with Leto, sired both Helios (Apollo) and Artemis (Diana).
37. Help me . . . : [91 :41J. "Help me in my need. "
Enna: Accordingto Ovid, the place where
. . .
The place
38. Circeo
Terracina where Pound would have restored the goddess to her pedestal [SP, 53; 39:38J.
39. The temple . . . blossom: These 12 lines are a visionary glimpse of paradise, with its strange, unearthly lights and colors and the hieratic animals [17/77J .
seaward:
near
40. Carrara: [74: 80J.
noted for the purity of its white marble.
41. Xoroi: H, Hdancers. " "Religion? With no dancing girls at the altar? " [87/575J.
City in
Tuscany
50. caffaris
. . .
cloud-wall:
Paradisal
fiora.
peace . . . him: [109:40J.
? ?
99. Aunt EtheIfled: Source says: "Took . care of education by the great zeal of his
aunt" [JW, Later, 164].
100. Canute: King of England (! OI7? 1035). He is to be honored because he lightened the burden of both taxes and tolls.
101. Gerbert: A Frenchman who was in? stalled as Pope Sylvester II (999-1003). He was educated in Spain in astronomy and mathematics, in the tradition of Averroes and Avicenna. Hence, the astrolabe, a new instrument that was an improvement over the tools of Ptolemy.
102. A tenth tithe . . . : A provision of Alfred to be honored because it was a share, not a blanket indiscriminate tax: a distinc- tion related to Social Credit.
103. CrommeIyn . . . : Any of 5 Crommelin brothers who became American heroes in WWII [HM, Caged, 69; Zapatka, Pai, 2? 3, 423].
104. del Valle: Lt. Gen. Pedro A. del Valle, who commanded the U. S. Marines in the Battle of Okinawa, WWII. He became a staunch defender of Pound in the 1950s [EM, Difficult, 355]. David Horton, Rex Lampman, Harry Meacham, and others 0[- chestrated a campaign of such heroes in their efforts to get Pound out of St. Elizabeths. They all saw him as a defender of the Can? stitution.
105. 7rcxVDvp-yicx: H, "knavery" [99/706]. 106. Guido: G. Cavalcanti [4:46].
107. Proslogion: The major theological work of St. Anselm.
108. Villon: [97:35]. Franl'ois V. , 1431- 1464? , one of Pound's favorite French poets [SR, 166-178].
106/752 689 CANTO CVI
Sources
Lewis Maverick, ed. , Economic Dialogues in Ancient China: Se- lections from the Kuan-tzu, trans. T'an Po-fu and Wen Kung-wen, Carbondale, Ill. , 1954 [Kuan]; Analects XIX, 18 [CON, 285] ; Paul the Deacon, History o f the Langobards, trans. William Dud? ley Foulke, N. Y. 1906 [Deacon, Langobards]; Ovid,Meta, VIII, 580-683; EP, SR, 34; Hagoromo [CNTJ, 103].
Background
EP, Bridson Interview,ND 17, 175;SP, 53.
Exegeses
EH, Pai, 10? 3, 285-286; HK, Era, 107? 108, 119, 185, 546; MB,
Trace, 425-443; CFT, Pai, 2? 3, 453-454.
Glossary
from France only led to their conquest of Africa in 429 [JW].
85. Alani: Nomadic peoples from the Cau? casus who merged with the Vandals in France and Spain and eventually conquered North Africa.
86. Omnia Galli. : L, "All Gaul. " Here refers to Faramond, the first king of the Franks in 425.
87. Pepin . . . : [96:51]. King of the Franks (751? 768). He was crowned over an altar to Zagreus (Dionysus) at the Church of St. Denis in Paris [95:73]. He is thus linked with St. Dionysius [95:72].
88. Ethelbald: [Cf. 66 above].
89. Charles: Charlemagne, son of Pepin the Short.
90. Offa: King of Mercia (757. 796). His laws became highly regarded and his coinage system was used for 500 years. Wm. of Malmesbury says Charlemagne gave him a "baltheum" ("belt") and a "gladium Huni? scum" ("sword of the Huns") as part of the first recorded commercial treaty in English history [97:64].
91. Quendrida . . . Kenelm: In 821 the 7? year? old king of Mercia (later called St. Kenelm) was killed by his sister Quendrida
1. her daughter: Kore/Persephone. The opening pages of this canto are a sort of subject-response incantation between the Eleusinian mystery rites and the oriental wis- dom that climaxed in Neoconfucianism, or "between Kung and Eleusis" [52: 18].
2. Demeter: [98/684-685]. Mother of Per? sephone, who was abducted by Dis, the god of the underworld.
3. Phlegethon: [75:1].
4. Ideograms: Kuan3 [M3557], "to gov? ern"; tzu [M6939], "master"; together, the name of Kuan Chung, or Kuan I-Wu, prime minister of the state of Ch'i, 684-645 B. C. He was given the honorific title tzu ("mas- ter, teacher, philosopher") after his death. His extensive writings became known by his name. The book by Maverick [Kuan] has a selection of 32 essays, followed by a detailed commentary. All of the essays reflect the primacy of agriculture and appear to be a major source for Kung's thought 150 years later. Essay 1, titled "On Shepherding the People," starts: "Every ruler. . . should above all things adjust his administration to
the four seasons. He should flll and watch over the granaries and public storehouses . . . When the granaries have been fllled, then the people will obey the laws and the rules of courtesy" [Kuan, 31]. Later: "The ancient kings . . . enriched their subjects through the increased production of grain. The people cannot live without grain to eat" [Kuan, 70].
decrees . . .
[JW, Later, 163].
92. Egbert: [Cf. 67 above]. 93. looping the light . . . :
5. NINE
"Basic Methods of Government," records de- crees adopted by 9 assemblies. "At the first assembly, the following regulation was is- sued: 'Unless ordered by the God of the Sombre Heavens . . . none shall conduct a military campaign, even for only one day. ' At the second assembly, this regulation: 'Take care of the aged who have lost their relatives; feed those who are permanently ill; give shelter to helpless persons'" [Kuan, 58]. The 9 together add up to a precis of the Analects.
94. Harlulf's . . . : Wm. of M. says he took the story of Charles of the Suevi's visions from H. 's Chronicon Centulense [Migne, vol. 174, col. 1211 ff].
95. For a thousand . . . versa: Pound's judg? ment of all the people and events he has been reading about and, in the canto, giving cues to.
96. Alfred: A. the Great (849? 899? ). He "instituted the tenth'parts called tithings" [JW, Later, 164].
97. Erigena: [36:9; 74: 104]. Wm. of M.
6. Venice shawls: [98:14,15].
7. ThisTzu. . . :Theguideinthefinalrites
[Cf. 63
above].
: Essay 8,
entitled
? 690
106/752-753
106/753-755
691
of Eleusis, or a reference to Kuan Tzu above, or perhaps both.
8. Kuan Chung: [Cf. 4 aboveJ.
9. Patera: Patara. Legend has it that a cup of white gold preserved at the temple at Lyndos on the island of Rhodes was mod- elled on the breast of Helen. Pound first marvelled in print at the thought in 1917 [PD, 102J. Pound's spelling appears to come from Paul the Deacon [96: 10J, who said of the goblet Alboin made out of Cunimund's head: "This kind of goblet is called among them 'scala,' but in the Latin language 'pa- tera'" (Deacon, Langobards, 51; EH, Pat, 10-3, 585-586J.
10. beEO"H,"thegod. "
11. Caledon: Prob.
a reference to the swift-
footed Atalanta of Calydon, whose speed was like the wind but who was tricked by the golden apples to lose the race to Hippo- menes; or perhaps the destruction of Caly~ don by fire after the death of Maleager at the hands of his mother / sister Althea
[Meta. VIII, 580-683J .
12. Apeliota: [74:304J. The East Wind.
13. deep waters . . . : [91:4J
14. nueva lumbre: P, "new reflections. " From, "~V dar nueva lumbre las armes y hierros," in a canzon of Arnaut Daniel, which Pound translated: "And the arms irons give forth new (or strange) reflections"
[SR, 34J.
15. the flame's barge: [91:28J.
16. Amazon, Orinoco: Great rivers in Brazil.
17. Kuan Chung: [Cf. 4 aboveJ. Pound said: "Fuller [BuckminsterJ wrote me that he'd seen the Kuan~tzu three years ago and that it was the best book on economics he'd ever read . . . When Mencius and a few high- brows were objecting to Kuan Chung be- cause he wasn't a saint, Confucius said, 'You cannot judge a man like that as you would any bum who could die in the gutter and nobody know it. ' If it weren't for Kuan
Chung, we'd still be dressing ourselves like barbarians" [Bridson, ND 17, 175J.
18. Antoninus . . . : [78:56J. Paraphrase: If Antoninus got as far as Kuan Chung did in understanding economics, his knowledge has been hidden from us. Said Pound, "Now as I see it, billions of money are being spent to hide about seventeen historic facts" [ibid. ; see contrary opinion in MB, Trace, 433].
19. Ideogram: Kuan ' [M3571]' "a frontier pass or gate . . . a customhouse; suburbs of a city. " Not to be confused with kuan3 [M3557J above: "to govern. " Pound appar- ently confused the character for gate with that of pi [M5089J. It was an error he made earlier in translating the first line of Ode 1, "Hid! Hid! ' the fish-hawk saith" [EP, Confu- cian Odes, 2; EH, Letter to ME, 9 Mar. , 1977J.
20. Ad . . . donat: L, "He gave the city to posterity. " But the -as ending does not exist as an accusative or anything else. Perhaps by "posteros" Pound meant "gate. "
21. Artemis: Prob. a coin uttered by Anto- ninus with the image of the goddess.
22. 400 . . . copper: The Kuan Tzu "There are 467 mountains producing cop- per. . . . If there is cinnabar on the surface there will be copper and gold beneath"
[Kuan, 145-146J. Cinnabar: the chief ore of mercury.
23. Ko Lu: "From the mountains in Ko Lu there came a flood, which washed down gold" [Kuan, 146J.
24. XREIA: H, "gold. " "So these minerals commanded high and stable prices. . . . 'When the demand for it becomes urgent, gold becomes heavy. . . . ' The ancient kings estimated the degree of urgency, and issued decrees accordingly" [Kuan, 147J .
25. Yao . . . jade: "The ancient kings . . . made use of their concentrated value. Pearls and jade were adopted as the superior mon- ey; gold the middle" [ibid. J.
lines are a reprise of the Eleusinian and grain-rite mysteries celebrated to evoke the earth's return to life in the spring.
27. Luigi: [97:232J.
42. Sulmona: [103/736; 105/746; for the lion and gold light, see 21:43J.
43. king-wings: The "blue-grays" and the "king-wings" are butterflies [Frag/802J. The paradisal image of souls in fiight, the final stage in the process from the earth: from egg to chrysalis to wings, as with the wasp
[83/532-533J.
44. asphodel: The flower of the Elysian
Fields [Aeneid VI; 21 :60; 78/482J.
45. broom-plant: Prob. Musa paradisiaca, or
plantain.
46. Yao and Shun: [Cf. 25 aboveJ.
47. Whuder . . . lidhan: ME, "Where I might go . . . " [91:4IJ.
48. acorn of light: The primal unseen light from which all intelligence in the universe flows [CFT, Pai, 2-3, 453-454; 116/795J.
49. Aquileia: A town in NE Italy, once a chie(city of the Roman Empire.
26. the goddess . . . hypostasis:
These
20
says:
5! . three years
Edward VIII, who according to Pound, de- layed WWII for three years and was forced to abdicate for this, rather than for Wallis Simpson [86:47J.
52. violet . . . them: The eyes motif [81 :54; 83:61; 97:188-190J.
53. Buck stands . . . : The ash, along with the oak, laurel, and cedar, is a sacred tree [Ciriot, 328J. To Pound, deer are hieratic animals, as in various paradiso passages
[17/77; 104:118J.
54. Selena Arsinoe: Queen Arsinoe II, of Egypt (316-270 B. C. ), who married her brother Ptolemy II and became the mother- in-law of Berenice [97: 170J. She died July 9 and was worshipped thereafter (as in life) as Arsinoe Aphrodite. She was also called Ze- phyritis after the temple Admiral Callicrates built in her honor at Zephyrium. An epigram of Posidippus may be Pound's source: "Pro- pitiate . . , this temple of Cyprian Arsinoe
r
28.
Persephone was abducted into the under- world [Meta. V, 485 ff. J.
29. Nyssa: Where the abduction took place according the Hymn to Demeter.
30. Circe: [1: I J . Certain cantos in Thrones as well as Drafts contain an increasing num- ber of thematic recapitulations reaching back to the beginning of the poem. Note the pines at Ise [4:23J.
31. Persephone: [1:11,3:8J.
32. juniper: A holy bush of the Na-khi [101:2J. "In the centre/ is/ Juniper" [110/778J.
33. Alhene Pronoia: H, "Athena [whoJ, knows the future. "
34. hypostasis: [81:55J.
35. Helios, Perse: Circe in her role of sexual- ity is seen as the daughter of the sun, and Perse[phoneJ is seen as earth-goddess.
36. Zeus . . . Leto: Zeus, in conjunction with Leto, sired both Helios (Apollo) and Artemis (Diana).
37. Help me . . . : [91 :41J. "Help me in my need. "
Enna: Accordingto Ovid, the place where
. . .
The place
38. Circeo
Terracina where Pound would have restored the goddess to her pedestal [SP, 53; 39:38J.
39. The temple . . . blossom: These 12 lines are a visionary glimpse of paradise, with its strange, unearthly lights and colors and the hieratic animals [17/77J .
seaward:
near
40. Carrara: [74: 80J.
noted for the purity of its white marble.
41. Xoroi: H, Hdancers. " "Religion? With no dancing girls at the altar? " [87/575J.
City in
Tuscany
50. caffaris
. . .
cloud-wall:
Paradisal
fiora.
peace . . . him: [109:40J.
? ?
