To him are also attributed an
Additamentum
to the Cons.
Cambridge Medieval History - v1 - Christian Roman Empire and Teutonic Kingdoms
H.
The Settlement of the South- and East-Saxons.
In Commune of
London. Westminster. 1899.
Seebohm, F. The English Village Community. London. 1883. 4th edition.
1890. Reprinted 1896.
Tribal Custom in Anglo-Saxon Law. London. 1902.
Stevenson, W. H. on Dr Guest and the English Conquest of South Britain. EHR,
XVII, p. 625.
Victoria History of the Counties of England. 1900. In progress.
Vinogradoff, P. The Growth of the Manor. London. 1905.
On Runes :-
Vietor, W. Die Northumbrischen Runensteine. Marburg. 1895.
Winner, L. F. A. Die Runenschrift. 2nd edn. transl. by Holthausen, F. Berlin.
1887.
CH. XIII (B).
## p. 670 (#700) ############################################
670
Teutonic Conquest of Britain
NOTE ON AUTHORITIES,
The date and authorship of the Historia Brittonum have long been matter of dispute.
Schoell and La Borderie (1851 and 1883) held the view that the work was written in the first
quarter of the ninth century A. D. , discrediting the alleged authorship of Nennius. Zimmer
(1893), Duchesne (1894) and Thurneysen (1895) all claim for Nennius some share in the
compilation of the book, which they date between 790 and 830. There is no doubt that it
is a highly composite work. Zimmer and Thurneysen agree in dating the composition of
the nucleus of the Historia Brittonum in 679. The sections with which we are concerned
are $$ 31-49 and 88 56-66. The greater part of the latter appears to be derived from an
English genealogical document connected with the genealogies which appear in several
early MSS. e. g. Cott. Vesp. B 6 (published in Sweet's Oldest English Texts pp. 167–71),
C. C. C. C. 183 and the Textus Roffensis, to which some notices of Welsh origin have also
been added. There is some reason for believing that $8 31-49 likewise are partly of
English origin (cf. Chadwick, Origin of the English Nation, pp. 38 ff. and 345).
The Saxon Chronicle down to the year 892 is preserved in two recensions, one of which
is represented by texts A, B, C, the other by texts D, E, F, for which see Plummer's
introduction. The latter or northern recension contains many additions derived chiefly
from Bede's Ecclesiastical History and from some lost Northumbrian annals, which can
be traced also in Simeon of Durham and Roger of Howden. The lost archetype from
which all the texts are descended down to 892 was perhaps itself extended from an
earlier chronicle composed in the time of Aethelwulf. For the period with which we are
concerned, the chief sources of the chronicle are firstly the Chronological Summary in
Bede's Ecclesiastical History v. 24, secondly a genealogical document intimately related
to those mentioned in the preceding note, and thirdly a series of annals of unknown
authorship dealing chiefly with Wessex, which appear to have extended to a time shortly
after the middle of the eighth century, though this last section may consist of elements
of different date. The value of earlier entries derived from this last source is difficult to
estimate, but in any case it is extremely doubtful whether the dates assigned to events
before the end of the sixth century can be trusted.
## p. 671 (#701) ############################################
671
CHAPTER XIV.
ITALY TO THE REVOLUTION OF ODOVACAR.
I. SPECIAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES.
Some account of the original authorities for the period may be found in
Ebert, A. Geschichte der christlich-lateinischen Literatur. Vol. 1. Leipsic.
1874.
Gibbon, E. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Ed. Bury, J. B. Vol. 11,
Appendix 1. Vol. iv, Appendix 1. See Gen. Bibl.
Hodgkin, T. Italy and her Invaders. Vol. 1, Part 11, and Vol. 11. Second edition.
Oxford. 1892 (at the beginning of each chapter).
Schmidt, L. Geschichte der deutschen Stämme. Berlin. 1904. Abteilung 1,
Buch 1, pp. 3–25.
II. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS.
Codex Theodosianus. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , and Meyer, P. M. Berlin. 1905.
(The edition of Gothofredus, Lyons, 1665, is still valuable for its historical
notes. )
CIL. See Gen. Bibl.
Notitia Dignitatum. Ed. Seeck, O. Berlin. 1876.
Regesta Pontificum Romanorum. Ed. Kehr, P. F. Berlin. 1906-8.
III. AUTHORITIES.
FHG iv.
(a) CONTEMPORARY.
Augustine. Epistolae (referring to Count Boniface). MPL 33.
Candidus. Excerpta. Ed. Müller, C.
See Gen. Bibl.
Carmen de Providentia divina (falsely attributed to Prosper Tiro). MPL 51.
(Valuable as regards the condition of Gaul after the barbarian influx. )
Chronica Gallica. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH, auct. ant. ix, ii. (There are two
Chronica, one to 452, and one to 511. Both probably spring from Marseilles,
and both show imperialist sympathies. )
Consularia Italica. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH, auct. ant. ix, ii. (Under this
name Mommsen includes Anonymi Valesiani Pars posterior, Fasti Vindobonenses
priores and posteriores, Paschale Campanum, Continuatio Hauniensis Prosperi,
and two sets of Excerpta. The collection is valuable as giving dates, especially
for the later part of this period. )
Consularia Constantinopolitana. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH, auct. ant. ix, ii.
(The Additamentum Hydatii alone bears on this period. )
Ennodius. Vita beatissimi viri Epifani. Ed. Vogel, F. , MGH, auct. ant. VII. CSEL.
(A verbose life of a bishop of Pavia, of some value for the events of the years
470-6. )
Eugippius. Vita Sancti Severini. Ed. Sauppe, H. , MGH, auct. ant. I. CSEL.
(A very valuable account of the activity of Severinus in Noricum at the end
of this period. )
CH. XIV.
## p. 672 (#702) ############################################
672
Italy to Odovacar
Hydatius. Continuatio Chronicorum Hieronymianorum. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH,
auct. ant. xi, ii. (Hydatius, a Spanish bishop, carried his continuation to 468.
To him are also attributed an Additamentum to the Cons. Constant. , ut supra,
and Fasti, MPL 51. )
Jerome. Epistolae. MPL 22.
Leo the Great. Epistolae. MPL 54.
Malchus. Excerpta de Legationibus. FHG iv. Teubner. (Valuable for the end
of the period. )
Merobaudes. Carmina (chiefly panegyrics of Aëtius). Ed. Vollmer, F. , MGH,
.
auct. ant. XIV.
Olympiodorus. Excerpta. FHG 1v. (A valuable if poetic account of the early part
of the period, preserved in Excerpts by Photius. )
Orientius. Commonitorium. Ed. Ellis, R. , CSEL XVI. (Deals with the state
of Gaul after the barbarian influx. )
Orosius. Historiae (ending about 416). MPL 31. CSEL.
Paulinus of Nola. Epistolae et poemata. MPL 61.
Paulinus of Pella. Eucharisticos. Ed. Brandes, G. CSEL xvi. (Deals with the
condition of Gaul between 414 and 416. )
Philostorgius. Excerpta. MPG 65. (Ecclesiastical historian. )
Possidius. Vita Sancti Augustini. MPL 32.
Priscus. Fragmenta. FHG iv. Teubner. 1870. (Very valuable, especially as
regards the full account of an embassy to the Huns. )
Profuturus Frigiridus, Renatus. A contemporary historian quoted by Gregory of
Tours in his Historia Francorum (see under b).
Prosper Tiro. Chronica. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH, auct. ant. ix, ii. (Prosper, an
Aquitanian clerk, wrote annals down to 455 A. D. The Copenhagen Continuatio
of Prosper is printed by Mommsen in the Consularia Italica, ut supra : it is
supposed to be of Lombard origin. The first of the two Chronica Gallica has
been attributed, but mistakenly, to Prosper. See Hodgkin, Vol. 1, Part 11,
pp. 703-7 (second edition). )
Rutilius Claudius Namatianus. De Reditu suo. (An account of the writer's return
from Gaul to Rome in 416. ) Ed. Bährens, Aem. Poetae Latini Minores, v.
Leipsic. 1883.
Salvianus. De Gubernatione Dei. (An account and indictment of Roman society
and administration in the fifth century. ) Ed. Halm, C. , MGH, auct. ant. i.
CSEL.
Sidonius Apollinaris. Opera. (Letters and poems by a Gaulish noble, at one time
praefectus Urbi, and afterwards bishop of Clermont, at the end of this period. )
Ed. Luetjohann, C. , MGH, auct. ant. vin.
Socrates. Historia Ecclesiastica. MPG 67. Ed. Hussey, R. 3 vols. Oxford.
1853. Bright, W. Oxford. 1878.
Sozomen.
Historia Ecclesiastica. MPG 67. Ed. Hussey, R. 3 vols. Oxford.
1860.
Theodoret. Historia Ecclesiastica. Ed. Gaisford, T. Oxford. 1834.
And see
Bibl. to cc. I, II and v.
Victor of Aquitaine. Cursus paschalis. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH, auct. ant.
Ix, ii.
Zosimus. Historia Romana. (Only for the very beginning of the period. ) Ed.
Mendelssohn, L. Leipsic. 1887.
(6) LATER.
Agnellus. Liber Pontificalis. (An account of the bishops of Ravenna, composed in
the ninth century. ) Ed. Holder-Egger, 0. , MGH, script. rer. Langobard.
(See Hodgkin, T. , Part 11 (second edition), pp. 898–917. )
## p. 673 (#703) ############################################
Bibliography
673
.
Antiochenus, Joannes. Fragmenta. FHG iv. (Joannes was a Byzantine historian
of the early 7th century. There is a genuine and a spurious Joannes : see
Krumbacher, Gesch. der byzant. Lit. , p. 335. The genuine Joannes seems
to have used Priscus, and is therefore valuable. )
Avitus, Alcimus Ecdicius. (Bishop of Vienne, + 524 circiter. ) Opera. Ed. Peiper, R. ,
MGH, auct. ant. vi, ii.
Cassiodorus (6th century). Chronica and Variae. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH,
auct. ant. xi, i and xII.
Chronicon Caesaraugustanum. (A Saragossa Chronicle of the 6th century, only a
few lines of which bear on the period. ) Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH, auct.
ant. xi, ii.
Evagrius (+ 600 circiter). Historia Ecclesiastica. MPG 86.
Bidez, J. and
Parmentier, L. Paris. 1898.
Fortunatus, Venantius. (Bishop of Vienne, + 600 circiter. ) Opera. Ed. Leo, F.
MGH, auct. ant.
London. Westminster. 1899.
Seebohm, F. The English Village Community. London. 1883. 4th edition.
1890. Reprinted 1896.
Tribal Custom in Anglo-Saxon Law. London. 1902.
Stevenson, W. H. on Dr Guest and the English Conquest of South Britain. EHR,
XVII, p. 625.
Victoria History of the Counties of England. 1900. In progress.
Vinogradoff, P. The Growth of the Manor. London. 1905.
On Runes :-
Vietor, W. Die Northumbrischen Runensteine. Marburg. 1895.
Winner, L. F. A. Die Runenschrift. 2nd edn. transl. by Holthausen, F. Berlin.
1887.
CH. XIII (B).
## p. 670 (#700) ############################################
670
Teutonic Conquest of Britain
NOTE ON AUTHORITIES,
The date and authorship of the Historia Brittonum have long been matter of dispute.
Schoell and La Borderie (1851 and 1883) held the view that the work was written in the first
quarter of the ninth century A. D. , discrediting the alleged authorship of Nennius. Zimmer
(1893), Duchesne (1894) and Thurneysen (1895) all claim for Nennius some share in the
compilation of the book, which they date between 790 and 830. There is no doubt that it
is a highly composite work. Zimmer and Thurneysen agree in dating the composition of
the nucleus of the Historia Brittonum in 679. The sections with which we are concerned
are $$ 31-49 and 88 56-66. The greater part of the latter appears to be derived from an
English genealogical document connected with the genealogies which appear in several
early MSS. e. g. Cott. Vesp. B 6 (published in Sweet's Oldest English Texts pp. 167–71),
C. C. C. C. 183 and the Textus Roffensis, to which some notices of Welsh origin have also
been added. There is some reason for believing that $8 31-49 likewise are partly of
English origin (cf. Chadwick, Origin of the English Nation, pp. 38 ff. and 345).
The Saxon Chronicle down to the year 892 is preserved in two recensions, one of which
is represented by texts A, B, C, the other by texts D, E, F, for which see Plummer's
introduction. The latter or northern recension contains many additions derived chiefly
from Bede's Ecclesiastical History and from some lost Northumbrian annals, which can
be traced also in Simeon of Durham and Roger of Howden. The lost archetype from
which all the texts are descended down to 892 was perhaps itself extended from an
earlier chronicle composed in the time of Aethelwulf. For the period with which we are
concerned, the chief sources of the chronicle are firstly the Chronological Summary in
Bede's Ecclesiastical History v. 24, secondly a genealogical document intimately related
to those mentioned in the preceding note, and thirdly a series of annals of unknown
authorship dealing chiefly with Wessex, which appear to have extended to a time shortly
after the middle of the eighth century, though this last section may consist of elements
of different date. The value of earlier entries derived from this last source is difficult to
estimate, but in any case it is extremely doubtful whether the dates assigned to events
before the end of the sixth century can be trusted.
## p. 671 (#701) ############################################
671
CHAPTER XIV.
ITALY TO THE REVOLUTION OF ODOVACAR.
I. SPECIAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES.
Some account of the original authorities for the period may be found in
Ebert, A. Geschichte der christlich-lateinischen Literatur. Vol. 1. Leipsic.
1874.
Gibbon, E. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Ed. Bury, J. B. Vol. 11,
Appendix 1. Vol. iv, Appendix 1. See Gen. Bibl.
Hodgkin, T. Italy and her Invaders. Vol. 1, Part 11, and Vol. 11. Second edition.
Oxford. 1892 (at the beginning of each chapter).
Schmidt, L. Geschichte der deutschen Stämme. Berlin. 1904. Abteilung 1,
Buch 1, pp. 3–25.
II. ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS.
Codex Theodosianus. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , and Meyer, P. M. Berlin. 1905.
(The edition of Gothofredus, Lyons, 1665, is still valuable for its historical
notes. )
CIL. See Gen. Bibl.
Notitia Dignitatum. Ed. Seeck, O. Berlin. 1876.
Regesta Pontificum Romanorum. Ed. Kehr, P. F. Berlin. 1906-8.
III. AUTHORITIES.
FHG iv.
(a) CONTEMPORARY.
Augustine. Epistolae (referring to Count Boniface). MPL 33.
Candidus. Excerpta. Ed. Müller, C.
See Gen. Bibl.
Carmen de Providentia divina (falsely attributed to Prosper Tiro). MPL 51.
(Valuable as regards the condition of Gaul after the barbarian influx. )
Chronica Gallica. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH, auct. ant. ix, ii. (There are two
Chronica, one to 452, and one to 511. Both probably spring from Marseilles,
and both show imperialist sympathies. )
Consularia Italica. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH, auct. ant. ix, ii. (Under this
name Mommsen includes Anonymi Valesiani Pars posterior, Fasti Vindobonenses
priores and posteriores, Paschale Campanum, Continuatio Hauniensis Prosperi,
and two sets of Excerpta. The collection is valuable as giving dates, especially
for the later part of this period. )
Consularia Constantinopolitana. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH, auct. ant. ix, ii.
(The Additamentum Hydatii alone bears on this period. )
Ennodius. Vita beatissimi viri Epifani. Ed. Vogel, F. , MGH, auct. ant. VII. CSEL.
(A verbose life of a bishop of Pavia, of some value for the events of the years
470-6. )
Eugippius. Vita Sancti Severini. Ed. Sauppe, H. , MGH, auct. ant. I. CSEL.
(A very valuable account of the activity of Severinus in Noricum at the end
of this period. )
CH. XIV.
## p. 672 (#702) ############################################
672
Italy to Odovacar
Hydatius. Continuatio Chronicorum Hieronymianorum. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH,
auct. ant. xi, ii. (Hydatius, a Spanish bishop, carried his continuation to 468.
To him are also attributed an Additamentum to the Cons. Constant. , ut supra,
and Fasti, MPL 51. )
Jerome. Epistolae. MPL 22.
Leo the Great. Epistolae. MPL 54.
Malchus. Excerpta de Legationibus. FHG iv. Teubner. (Valuable for the end
of the period. )
Merobaudes. Carmina (chiefly panegyrics of Aëtius). Ed. Vollmer, F. , MGH,
.
auct. ant. XIV.
Olympiodorus. Excerpta. FHG 1v. (A valuable if poetic account of the early part
of the period, preserved in Excerpts by Photius. )
Orientius. Commonitorium. Ed. Ellis, R. , CSEL XVI. (Deals with the state
of Gaul after the barbarian influx. )
Orosius. Historiae (ending about 416). MPL 31. CSEL.
Paulinus of Nola. Epistolae et poemata. MPL 61.
Paulinus of Pella. Eucharisticos. Ed. Brandes, G. CSEL xvi. (Deals with the
condition of Gaul between 414 and 416. )
Philostorgius. Excerpta. MPG 65. (Ecclesiastical historian. )
Possidius. Vita Sancti Augustini. MPL 32.
Priscus. Fragmenta. FHG iv. Teubner. 1870. (Very valuable, especially as
regards the full account of an embassy to the Huns. )
Profuturus Frigiridus, Renatus. A contemporary historian quoted by Gregory of
Tours in his Historia Francorum (see under b).
Prosper Tiro. Chronica. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH, auct. ant. ix, ii. (Prosper, an
Aquitanian clerk, wrote annals down to 455 A. D. The Copenhagen Continuatio
of Prosper is printed by Mommsen in the Consularia Italica, ut supra : it is
supposed to be of Lombard origin. The first of the two Chronica Gallica has
been attributed, but mistakenly, to Prosper. See Hodgkin, Vol. 1, Part 11,
pp. 703-7 (second edition). )
Rutilius Claudius Namatianus. De Reditu suo. (An account of the writer's return
from Gaul to Rome in 416. ) Ed. Bährens, Aem. Poetae Latini Minores, v.
Leipsic. 1883.
Salvianus. De Gubernatione Dei. (An account and indictment of Roman society
and administration in the fifth century. ) Ed. Halm, C. , MGH, auct. ant. i.
CSEL.
Sidonius Apollinaris. Opera. (Letters and poems by a Gaulish noble, at one time
praefectus Urbi, and afterwards bishop of Clermont, at the end of this period. )
Ed. Luetjohann, C. , MGH, auct. ant. vin.
Socrates. Historia Ecclesiastica. MPG 67. Ed. Hussey, R. 3 vols. Oxford.
1853. Bright, W. Oxford. 1878.
Sozomen.
Historia Ecclesiastica. MPG 67. Ed. Hussey, R. 3 vols. Oxford.
1860.
Theodoret. Historia Ecclesiastica. Ed. Gaisford, T. Oxford. 1834.
And see
Bibl. to cc. I, II and v.
Victor of Aquitaine. Cursus paschalis. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH, auct. ant.
Ix, ii.
Zosimus. Historia Romana. (Only for the very beginning of the period. ) Ed.
Mendelssohn, L. Leipsic. 1887.
(6) LATER.
Agnellus. Liber Pontificalis. (An account of the bishops of Ravenna, composed in
the ninth century. ) Ed. Holder-Egger, 0. , MGH, script. rer. Langobard.
(See Hodgkin, T. , Part 11 (second edition), pp. 898–917. )
## p. 673 (#703) ############################################
Bibliography
673
.
Antiochenus, Joannes. Fragmenta. FHG iv. (Joannes was a Byzantine historian
of the early 7th century. There is a genuine and a spurious Joannes : see
Krumbacher, Gesch. der byzant. Lit. , p. 335. The genuine Joannes seems
to have used Priscus, and is therefore valuable. )
Avitus, Alcimus Ecdicius. (Bishop of Vienne, + 524 circiter. ) Opera. Ed. Peiper, R. ,
MGH, auct. ant. vi, ii.
Cassiodorus (6th century). Chronica and Variae. Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH,
auct. ant. xi, i and xII.
Chronicon Caesaraugustanum. (A Saragossa Chronicle of the 6th century, only a
few lines of which bear on the period. ) Ed. Mommsen, Th. , MGH, auct.
ant. xi, ii.
Evagrius (+ 600 circiter). Historia Ecclesiastica. MPG 86.
Bidez, J. and
Parmentier, L. Paris. 1898.
Fortunatus, Venantius. (Bishop of Vienne, + 600 circiter. ) Opera. Ed. Leo, F.
MGH, auct. ant.
