787-802
Archbishopric
of Lichfield.
Cambridge Medieval History - v2 - Rise of the Saracens and Foundation of the Western Empire
Zur Kaiserkrönung Karls d.
Gr.
ZKG.
26.
4.
465 sqq.
Ohr, N. Die Ovationstheorie u. d. Kaiserkrönung etc. Ib. 26. 2. 190 sqq.
La Leggendaria Elezioned. Carlo Magno a Imperatore. Rome. 1903.
Sackur, E. Ein römisch. Majestätsprozess u. d. Kaiserkrönung etc. HZ. 87
(N. F. 51). 385 sqq.
Sickel, W. D. Kaiserwahl Karls d. Gr. MIOGF. 20, 1 sqq.
Walther, J. D. Zeremoniell bei d. Kaiserkrönung etc. Theol. Liter. Blatt. 27.
337 sqq.
C. MED. H. WOL. II. Ch. xxii. 62
## p. 818 (#850) ############################################
818
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
OF
LEADING EVENTS MENTIONED IN THIS VOLUME
314 Council of Aries.
410 Sack of Rome by Alaric.
429 Mission of Germanus and Lupus to Britain.
430 Death of Augustine.
432-461 St Patrick in Ireland.
449 Traditional date of Hengest and Horsa.
451 Battle of the Mauriac Plain.
Council of Chalcedon.
455 Sack of Rome by the Vandals.
481-511 Reign of Clovis.
482 The Henoticon of Zeno.
493 Traditional date of Cerdic.
493-526 Reign of Theodoric in Italy.
506 Issue of the Breviarium Alarici.
507 Battle of the Campus Vogladensin.
511 Division of the Frankish kingdom by the sons of Clovis.
518 Justin I Emperor.
527-565 Reign of Justinian.
529 The Schools of Athens closed.
532 The Niku riot
Building of St Sophia begun.
533 Issue of the Digest.
Conquest of Africa by Belisarius.
534 Frankish conquest of the Burgundians.
535-553 The Gothic War.
537-538 The great siege of Rome by the Goths.
540 Capture of Ravenna by Belisarius.
541 Abolition of the Consulships.
548 Death of Theodora.
552 Battle of Taginae.
553 Battle of the Lactarian Mount.
Fifth General Council.
554 Conquest of Southern Spain by the Imperial forces.
558 The Huns before Constantinople.
560-616 Reign of Aethelberht in Kent.
561 Division of the Frankish kingdom by the sons of Chlotar I.
565 Justin II Emperor.
568 Invasion of Italy by the Lombards.
c. 570 Birth of Mahomet.
## p. 819 (#851) ############################################
Chronological Table 819
575 Assassination of Sigebert.
578 Tiberius II Emperor.
582 Maurice Emperor.
584 Assassination of Chilperic.
589 Conversion of the Visigoths. Third Council of Toledo.
590 Agilulf king of the Lombards.
590-603 Pontificate of Gregory the Great.
591 Chosroes restored by Maurice.
594 Death of Gregory of Tours.
597 Landing of Augustine in Thanet.
Death of Columba.
602 Phocas Emperor.
610 Heraclius Emperor.
613 Reunion of the Prankish kingdom under Chlotar II.
614 Capture of Jerusalem by the Persians.
622 Flight of Mahomet to Medina.
625-638 Pope Honorius.
626 Siege of Constantinople by Persians and Avars.
627 Baptism of Edwin of Deira.
Battle of Nineveh.
628 Peace with Persia.
629 Expulsion of Byzantines from Spain.
632 Death of Mahomet. Abu Bakr Caliph.
633 Battle of Heathfield.
634 Mission of Birinus in Wessex.
Omar Caliph.
635-642 Reign of Oswald in Northumbria.
636 Battle of the Yarmuk.
Issue of the Ekthesis.
637 Battle of Kadislya.
638 Capture of Jerusalem by the Arabs.
640 Invasion of Egypt by the Arabs.
641 Constantine III Emperor.
Constans II Emperor.
Battle of Nihflwand.
642 Chindaswinth king in Spain.
Battle of Maserfield.
642-671 Oswy king in Northumbria.
644 Othman Caliph.
647 Final capture of Alexandria by the Arabs.
648 Issue of the Type.
653 Mu'awiya reaches Dorylaeum.
Arrest of Pope Martin.
655 Battle of the VVinwaed.
Ali Caliph—Civil war.
659 Mercian Revolt.
661 Mu'awiya Caliph.
663 Constans in Rome.
664 Synod of Whitby.
668 Constantine IV Emperor.
669-690 Episcopate of Theodore at Canterbury.
671-685 Ecgfrith in Northumbria.
673 Synod of Hertford.
673-677 Saracen attacks on Constantinople.
52—2
## p. 820 (#852) ############################################
820 Chronological Table
680 Synod of Heathfield.
Murder of Husain at Karbala.
685 Battle of Nechtansmere.
Justinian II Emperor.
687 Battle of Tertry.
688 Baptism and death of Ceadwalla.
688-726 Ine king in Wessex.
692 The Trullan Council.
695 Leontius Emperor.
697 Final capture of Carthage by the Saracens.
698 Tiberius (Apsimar) Emperor.
705 Justinian II restored.
709 Death of Wilfrid.
711 Philippicus Emperor.
Battle of La Janda. Saracen conquest of Spain.
712-744 Liutprand king of the Lombards.
713 Anastasius II Emperor.
715-731 Pope Gregory II.
716 Theodosius III Emperor.
716-757 Aethelbald king in Mercia.
717 Battle of Vincy.
717-741 Leo III Emperor.
723 Boniface consecrated a bishop.
725 Beginning of the Iconoclast Controversy.
727 The Italian Revolt.
731-741 Pope Gregory III.
731 End of Bede's History.
732 Battle of Tours.
734 Bede's Letter to Ecgbert.
739 Embassy of Gregory III to Charles Martel.
741-752 Pope Zacharias.
741-775 Constantine V Emperor.
743 Boniface archbishop of Mainz.
749 Aistulf king of the Lombards.
750 Fall of the Umayyads.
751-768 Pepin king.
754-756 Prankish Interventions in Italy.
755 Death of Boniface.
'Abd-ar-Rahman Caliph in Spain.
756 Desiderius king of the Lombards.
757-796 Offa king in Mercia.
759 Pepin's conquest of Septimania.
768-771 Charles and Carloman.
771-814 Charles alone.
772-795 Pope Hadrian 1.
772-804 Saxon Wars.
774 End of the Lombard kingdom.
778 Roncevalles.
787 Second Council of Nicaea.
Submission of Benevento.
Deposition of Tassilo.
787-802 Archbishopric of Lichfield.
794 Diet of Frankfort.
795 Capture of the Avar Ring.
## p. 821 (#853) ############################################
Chronological Table 821
795-816 Pope Leo III.
799 Outrage on Pope Leo (25 Mar. ).
800 Arrival of Charles at Rome (24 Nov. ).
The Imperial Coronation (25 Dec. ).
807-811 Danish Ware.
811 Completion of the Spanish March.
814 Death of Charles (28 Jan. ).
831 Saracen conquest of Palermo.
846 Saracen attack on Rome.
859 Saracen conquest of Sicily completed.
871 Capture of Bari from the Saracens.
909-1171 Fatimites in Egypt.
915 Saracens driven from the Garigliano.
1038-1040 Campaigns of Maniakes in Sicily.
1061-1091 Norman conquest of Sicily.
## p. 822 (#854) ############################################
822
INDEX
Aar, River, 110
Aaron of Caerleon-upon-Usk, martyr, 497
and note
Abasgi (Abasges), SS; support Heracliua,
294; under Arab protection, 416
'Abbas, uncle of Mahomet, 313; converted
to Islam, 324; opposes faction of Abu
Bakr, 334
'Abbas, nephew of Maslama, military
successes of, 414 sq.
'Abbas, son of Walid, military successes of,
412
'Abbas ibn al-Fadl, Aghlabid prince, takes
Castrogiovanni, 382; plunders Calabrian
coast, 386
Abbasids, the, 337, 868 sqq. , 363; ascend-
ancy of, 364, 378; make an alliance with
Pepin, 604; with Charles the Great, 615
'Abd-al-'Aziz, son of Musa, sent to suppress
revolt at Seville, 186, 373; governor of
Spain, 373
'Abd-al-'Aziz, son of Walid, raids by, 412,
414
'Abd-al-'Aziz, brother of 'Abd-al-Malik,
viceroy in Egypt, 363
'Abdallah, father ot Mahomet, 305
'Abdallah ibn 'Amir, general, conquers
Istakhr, 348; winters in Crete, 397
'Abdallah ibn Kais, and the raid on Sicily,
380
'Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn 'Abl Sarh, governor
of Upper Egypt, work of, 352 sq. ; cam-
paign of, 367; 393
'Abdallah ibn Ubayy, a chief of the Ehazraj,
opposes Mahomet, 314; 318
'Abdallah, brother of Walid, takes Theo-
dosiopolis, 410
'Abdallah ibn az-Zubair, opposes Tazid,
359 sq. ; defeated, 360; 369; 407
'Abd-al-Malik, Caliph, defeats Zubair faction,
361; work of, to. ; fiscal reforms of, 362;
prosperity of the empire under, 363 ; 369;
371; renews the peace, 406; renews war,
407; 412
'Abd-al-Muttalib, grandfather of Mahomet,
305
•Abd-al-'Uzza (Abu Lahab), uncle of Ma-
homet, opposes the Prophet, 310
'Abd-ar-Rahman, son of 'Abdallah, Arab
governor, invades the south of France,
129,374; killed, ib.
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn 'Auf, at the election
of the Caliph, 355
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Habib, independent
of the Caliph, 377; death, 378; attacks
Syracuse, 381
'Abd-ar-Rahman, son of Khalid, invades
imperial territory, 396
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya, founds
western Caliphate, 378; Charles the
Great makes war on, 604; 605
Abercorn, bishopric set up at, 559
Aberdeen Breviary, the, cited, 510
Aberdour, 513
Abingdon, 561
Abraham, patriarch, said to have founded
the Ka'ba, 325
Abrantes, 166
Abruzzi, the, Bulgars receive lands in, 443
Abu Bakr, Caliph, friend of Mahomet, 307;
goes to Medina, 313; daughter of, marries
Mahomet, 316; 332; elected caliph,
333 sq. ; defeats insurgents, 335 sq. ; 338;
death, 342; 347,354
Abu-1-Aghlab Ibrahim, Aghlabid prince,
takes Messina, 382
Abu-1-A'war, and the battle of Phoenix,
353, 393
Abu-1-Hakam (Abu Jahl), slain, 317
'Abu-1-Khattar, restores order in Spain, 377
Abu Muslim, general, defeats the Umay-
yads, 364
Abu Sa'id, descendant of Visigothic royal
house, 186
Abu Sufyan, and the battle of Badr, 317;
at the battle of Uhud, 318 ; 322; promotes
the surrender of Mecca, 324
Abu Talib, uncle and protector of Mahomet,
305,307; rejects Mahomet's doctrine, 310;
death, 311
Abu 'Ubaida, 332; at Abu Bakr's election,
333; appointed governor of Syria, 344 sq. ;
death, 346
Abydus, Heraclius at, 288
Abyssinia, spread of Christianity to, 35;
271; Mahomet's disciples take refuge in,
310
Abyssinians, the, overthrow the Sabaeans,
303; 310
Acacias, Patriarch of Constantinople,
schism of, 1; name effaced from diptychs,
5; 688
## p. 823 (#855) ############################################
Indea:
828
Acacius Archelaus, general, sent to com-
mand army before Nisibis, 272
Acerenza, assaulted by Constans II, 205,
394
Achaia, plundered by Slavs, 296
Achila (Agila), King of the Visigoths, 182;
deposed by Roderick, 183 sq. ; in league
with the Arabs, 185 sq.
Achud. See Clonkeen
Acisclus, St, Agila profanes tomb of, 163
Acroinus (Prymnessus), Maslama at, 417
Adalgis, son of Desiderius the Lombard,
made co-regent, 219; at Werona, 220;
flees to Constantinople, ib. , 599; 600;
remains a patricius at Constantinople,
602
Adaloald, titular king of the Lombards,
brought up as a Catholic, 202, 250;
death, ib.
Adam of Bremen, cited, 424, 482, 484
Adamnan, Life of St Columba by, 510,
513; 535
Adarmaanes, Persian general, invades Syria,
272 sq.
Adarnase I, made king of Iberia by
Heraclius, 297 note
Adata, occupied by Arabs, 393; 396
Adda, River, 206
Aºun, senator and patrician, executed,
267
Additions to Tirechan's Collections, cited,
503
Adel, near Leeds, inscription at, 476
Adelfius, Bishop of Lincoln, at the Council
of Arles, 498
Adelgis, King of Frisia, welcomes St Wil-
frid, 535
Adelhard, Abbot of Corvey, 668
Adelperga, daughter of Desiderius, marries
Arichis of Benevento, 217
Adeodatus, Pope, rejects Constantine's
synodical, 404
Adeodatus, Numidian primate, and Gregory
the Great, 253
Adhruh, arbitration court held at, 357
Adige (Etsch), River, 606
Administrative system of Justinian (the
East),37 sqq. , (African), 22 sq. , ch. vin(A);
of the Franks (Merovingian), 137 sqq. ,
(Carolingian), ch. xxi. ; of the English,
550 sq. ; of the Lombards, 207–210, 648;
of the Slovenes, 445 sqq.
Adoptianism, Charles the Great summons
synods to deal with, 616
Adoulis, port, 41
Adramyttium, mutineers elect Theodosius
emperor at, 416
Adriatic Sea, the, 15, 205; Saracens in,
384, 387; the Serbs on, 438; 443, 445,
577, 615, 693, 700
Aedui, the, 460
Aega, Mayor of the Palace, 125, 157
Aegean Sea, Slav raids extend to, 31;
395 sq. , 438
Aegidius, general, 109
Aelle, King of Deira, 237, 522
Aeron (Agröna), goddess, 477
Aescingas, the, 634
Aesir, the, 484
Aesus, god, 473
Aethelbald, King of Mercia, growth of
Church endowments under, 563 sq. ; 569
Aethelberht, King of Kent, 255, 515; his
reception of the missionaries, 516; bap-
tism, ib. and note; 517, 519; death, 521;
522; code of, 548, 561 sq. ; cited, 567
Aethelburga (Tata), daughter of Aethelberht,
marries Edwin of Northumbria, 522;
takes flight, 525, 544
Aethelburga, daughter of Anna of East
Anglia, abbess of Brie, 525
Aethelfrith, King of Northumbria (Bernicia),
victories of, 521 sq. ; defeat and death,
522, 543; 545
Aethelred, King of Mercia, defeats Ecgfrith
of Northumbria, 557; aids Wilfrid, 559;
abdicates and becomes a monk, 562;
563
Aethelric, King of Bernicia, 522
Aethelstan, King of England, accepts Hákon
as foster-son, 635
Aethelthryth (Aetheldreda, Audrey), found-
ress of Ely, 525; translation of the body
of, 559
Aethelwalch, King of Sussex, becomes
Christian, 530, 553, 559; slain, 560
Aethelwald, King of Deira, 529
Aetherius, senator and patrician, executed,
267
Aëtius, Roman general, and the Visigoths,
109
Aëtius, patricius, opposes marriage proposed
for the empress, 624
Africa, persecution of Catholics in, 9 sq. ,
48; 11; war in, 12 sq. ; imperial rule
restored in, 13 sq. , 19; 16, 18; system
of civil governmentin, 20 sq. ; Justinian's
forts in, 22; wretched condition of, 23 sq. ;
28, 32; persecution of Arians in, 44;
inhabitants protest against action of
Vigilius, 47; 52, 53, 95, 129; Gisalic in,
161; Visigothic expedition to, 163; Visi-
gothic refugees in, 176; Muslims gain a
footing in, 179; conspiracy of Jews in,
181; sons of Witiza takerefugein, 183sq. ;
imperial administration in, ch. VIII (A)
passim, 283; 225; estates of the Church
in, 242; 248; the Church in, 252 sq. ,
256, 263, 267; expedition for overthrow
of Phocas prepared in, 287; Heraclius
and, 290, 292, 300 sq. ; 353; the Ibádites
in, 357; spread of Islám in, ch. xII
passim; under Mu‘āwiya ibn Hudaij,
367 sq. ; Arabs driven from, 369; Arabs
recover, 370 sq. ; 373; 375; Arabs and
Berbersin, 376; separate states formedin,
377 sq. ; 379; and the conquest of Sicily,
380 sqq. ; 388 sqq. ; Pyrrhus escapes to,
892; 394 sq. ; synods held in, 400; 408,
410, 413, 429, 500 sq. , 702
## p. 824 (#856) ############################################
824
Indea:
Agapetus, Pope, deposes Anthemius, 45;
46
Agathias, historian, cited, 4, 34, 51
Agatho, Pope, refuses conference with Con-
stantinople, 404; holds a synod, ib. ;
405; Wilfrid appeals to, 557 sqq. ; 690,
692
Agaunum, monastery of, restored by Sigis-
mund, 117
Agde, Charles Martel destroys fortifications
of, 129; bishopric established at, 142;
179; Arabs expelled from, 582
Agen, 125
Agericus, Bishop of Werdun-sur-Meuse, 122
Aghagower, St Patrick founds a church at,
506
Aghanagh, church founded at, 506
Aghlabids, the, lead invasion of Sicily, 378;
end of kingdom of, 379; conquer Sicily,
381 sqq.
Agila, King of Visigoths, persecutes Catho-
lics, 18, 163; defeated, 19, 163; assas-
sinated, 163; 164
Agila, son of Witiza, king of the Visigoths.
See Achila
Agilbert (Albert), Bishop of Wessex (Win-
chester), leaves Wessex, 530
Agilolfings, family of, supreme in Bavaria,
128, 633
Agilulf, Duke of Turin, made king of the
Lombards, 201; marries Theodelinda,
ib. , 243; reign, ib. ; death, 202; 203,217;
attacks Rome, 244; his meeting with
Gregory, 245; makes a treaty with the
Empire, 249; further conquests, 250;
possibly a Catholic, ib.
Agra, 166
Agricola, son of Severianus, teaches Pela-
gianism in Britain, 500
Agriculture of the Lombards, 197; of the
Slavs (Polesie), 423; Teutonic communal,
636 sqq.
Aguntum. See Innichen
Ahl ar-Ridda, secessionist party, 335
Ahmad, Amir, and the rebellion in Sicily,
389
Ahmad ibn Kurhub, leader of Saracens in
Sicily, supports the Abbasid Caliph, 387;
executed, 388
Ahmed Anasiri Asalaui, cited, 183
Aidan (Aedan), Bishop of Lindisfarne, 524;
bishop and abbot at Lindisfarne, 526,
545; death, 527; 528, 546, 554 sq.
Aila (“Akaba), trade route from, 41, 340 sq.
Ailbe, presbyter, ordained by St Patrick,
503
Ailbeus, Irish saint, 503
Ailill, children of, 503
Ailred, Life of St Ninian by, 510 sq.
Ainstable, inscriptions at, 475
Aion, duke, defeated by Hermenegild, 169
Aire, River, 544 note, 545
. Aisch, River, 452
‘A’isha, wife of Mahomet, influence of 316;
327; opposes Ali, 356
Aistulf, King of the Lombards, chosenking
215; anti-Roman policy, ib. , 695; and
the pope, 215 sq. , 233, 582 sqq. , 53.
699; takes Ravenna, 215, 232, 695; sº
war with the Franks, 216; besieges Bome
ib. , 583, 589; defeated, 217, 589; makes
terms with pope and emperor, ib. , 700;
death, 217, 589,695; 228; 580, 597, 544.
648, 694, 696
Aix (Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen), 145; Götriº
threatens to enter, 614; Greek ambas-
sadors recognise Charles the Great as
emperor at, 624; death of Charles st
625; Assembly held at (802), 673, 682:
696
Aix (Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen), Bishop ºf
See Protasius
Ajnādain (Jannābatain), battle of, 341 sq.
Ajo, son of Arichis of Benevento, killed in
battle, 204
Akaba, Gulf of, 41
Akbas, fort of, taken by Romans, 277 mate
“Akrabã, battle of, 336
‘Aküba, battle of, 367
Alagors, River, 166
Alamoundar, Saracen chief, 267
Alans (Alani), 35; incited to attack the
Abasgi, 416
Alaric, King of the Visigoths, 692
Alaric II, King of the Visigoths, 57; issues
Lea Romana Visigothorum, 58, 160, 174,
178; surrenders Syagrius, 110, 159;
and the bishops, 113, 160; slain, 114,
160; and the revolt of the Bagaudae, 151
Alba, 499
Albacete, 164, 167
Alban, St, martyrdom of, 497
Albania, 279; ravaged by Chazars, 297
Albania (Alban), district of Scotland, 512
Albanians, the, 441
Albelda, chronicle of, cited, 182, 185
Albi, 114, 160
Albofleda (Audefleda), sister of Clovis,
marries Theodoric, 111
Alboin, King of the Lombards, helped by
Avars destroys Gepid kingdom, 195, 268,
436; marries Rosamund, 195; invades
Italy, 196; reigns in Italy, ib. ; murdered,
ib. ; daughter of, sent to Constantinople,
ib. ; 199, 692 sq.
Alcántara, 166
Alcaraz, 164
Alcarria, 168
Alchfrid, King of Northumbria, 530; under.
king of Deira, 552; and Wilfrid, 554;
driven from Deira, 555
Alciocus (Alzeco), Bulgar leader, 443
Alclyde, fortress, 511
Alcuin, and the works of Isidore of Seville
193; cited, 483, 618, 617, 628; 527; at
the school of York, 574; at the court of
Charles the Great, ib. , 663; and the
Libri Carolini, 616; 620, 702; and the
guilt of Leo III, 704
Alderminster, 558
## p. 825 (#857) ############################################
Indea:
825
Aldfrid, King of Northumbria, and Wilfrid,
559, 562; letter of Aldhelm to, 573
Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne, appointed,
561; literary work of, 573 sq.
Alemannia, duchy of, abolished, 129; falls
to share of Carloman, 130, 595; St
Columbanus in, 148
Alemannic Law, the, cited, 633, 653, 680
Alemans (Alemanni), the, chased from
Italy, 12; devastations of, 23; 110 sq. ;
attacked by Clovis, 112 sq. ; settled in
the Alps, 113; 116; under Frankish
dominion, 118 sq. ; subjugated by
Pepin II, 128; 134; date of law of, 138;
converted by St Gall, 148; fight the Slavs,
203; 672
Aleppo, taken by Muslims, 344
Alexander the Great, 330, 689
Alexander, adherent of Phocas, kills Theo-
dosius and Constantine, 284; is put to
death, ib.
Alexandria, Theodora at, 25; importance
of export trade of, 41; law school sup-
pressed, 61; Gregory the Great and the
patriarchate of 241, 246; murder of
Justin, son of Germanus, at, 267; feud
of Blues and Greens in, 285; religious
disturbances in, 286; taken by Nicetas,
287; besieged by the Persians, 290 sq. ;
taken, 292; 298; 349; taken by Saracens,
351; retaken and again lost, 352; 366 sq. ;
Arab ships built at, 393; 399; represented
at Sixth General Council, 404; 467
Alexandria, Bishops and Patriarchs of. See
Anastasius, Athanasius, Cyril, Cyrus,
Dioscorus, Eulogius, George, Theodore,
Theodosius
Alfonso II, of Spain, 190
Alfonso III, of Spain, chronicle of, cited,
186
Alfonso V, of Spain, 190
Alfred, King of England, 561; and Mercian
law, 565
Algarves, the, 173, 175
Algeciras, attacked by Muslims, 179; taken,
184
Algeria, 378; the Hammâdids in, 379
Ali (‘Ali), cousin and son-in-law of Ma-
homet, 307, 313, 333; on the Board of
Election, 355; becomes caliph, 356;
opposed by Mu‘āwiya and 'Amr, 357;
murdered, 358; 376, 378 sq.
Aller, River, 612
Allobroges, the, 464
Allonne, inscription at, 474
Almansa, 164
Almeria, 167
Alpes Maritimae, province, 142, 145
Alps, Mts, form boundary of province of
Italy, 18; Alemans in, 113; 146; Lom-
bards cross, 196, 200, 203; (Cottian)
patrimony of pope in, restored, 211 sq. ;
Pope Stephen crosses, 215, 233, 584, 695;
the Franks cross into Italy, 216, 580;
Bertrada crosses, 218; fortresses on, 225;
Avars in, 296; 443, 445, 449, 582, 587,
598, 687, 699, 701
Alsace, Alemans in, 110 sqq. ; 137; 474;
assigned to Carloman, 595
Altaian-Magyars, the, 425
Altaians, the, 425, 433 sq. , 439; Rou-
manians a branch of, 440; 443, 452
Altinum, retaken by imperialists, 200
Altmühl, River, 657
Alzeco. See Alciocus
Alzey, inscription at, 476
Amalaric, son of Alaric II, becomes king
of the Visigoths, 114, 161 ; minority,
161 sq. ; personal rule, 162; death, ib.
Amalasuntha, daughter of Theodoric, as
regent, 6, 10; treats with Justinian, 10,
14; fall and death, ib.
Amalfi, 228; gradually acquires indepen-
dence, 234; and the Saracens, 385
Amanaburg, foundation of Boniface at, 537
Amandus, St, missionary bishop, preaches
to the Basques and others, 125, 534
Amanus, Mts, form boundary of Caliph's
territory, 344, 354; 361
Amasia, 412; taken by Arabs, 414
Amastris, 411
Ambaethon (Ambactènos), god, 477
Ambérieux, assembly of, 117
Ambléve, Charles Martel victorious at, 128
Amboise, meeting of kings near, 113
Ambros, Arab chieftain, 267
Ambrose, St, Bishop of Milan, 71
Ameria, castle of, taken by Liutprand, 213
America, 190, 420, 482
Amida, fortress at, 33; Philippicus and
Mebodes meet at, 277; 278; surrenders
to Persia, 285; 294; Heraclius winters
_ at, 299; 393
Amina, mother of Mahomet, 305
Amir al-Mu'minin, title of the Caliphs, 333
Ammaia (Amaya), capital of the Cantabri,
taken, 167
Ammon, temple of, 44
Amnesia, 397
Amolngaid, Irish king, and St Patrick, 507
Amorium, attacked by Arabs, 393, 396;
taken by Arabs, 317; recovered, ib. ;
siege of, 417
Ampelius, governor of Spain under Theo-
doric, 162
‘Amr ibn al-'As, converted to Islám, 323;
commands in Syria, 340 sq. , 345; con-
quers Egypt, 350 sq. ; character, 350;
superseded, 352; outwits Ali, 356; takes
possession of Egypt, ib. ; occupies
Tripolis, 366; 367
Ana, goddess, 477
Anagartus, patrician, 168
Anagni (Nanó), 225
Anastasia, mother of Justinian II, ill-
treated, 409; attempts to save Tiberius,
413 sq.
Anastasius I, Eastern Emperor, death, 1 ;
his name effaced from the diptychs, 5;
and the Greens, 7 sq. ; 21 ; his plans for
## p. 826 (#858) ############################################
826
Indea:
the Empire, 27; and the Persian war,
28; 29; builds the Long Wall, 33;
religious policy, 45; financial success
of, 49; 51,68; confers patent of consular
rank on Clovis, 115, 134, 140
Anastasius II (Artemius), Eastern Emperor,
crowned, 415; ecclesiastical policy, ib. ;
firm rule, ib. ; deposed, 416; becomes a
monk, ib.
Anastasius, Patriarch of Antioch, at Con-
stantinople, 239
Anastasius, Jacobite Patriarch of Alexandria,
expelled, 286
Anastasius, bishop, sent by Gregory III to
Charles Martel, 130
Anastasius, quaestor of the palace, 267
Anastasius, betrays a plot to Phocas, 286
Anastasius, treasurer of St Sophia, sent as
ambassador to the Persians, 290
Anatolia, 284
Anchialus, 280
Ancona, held by imperialists, 17; burnt by
Saracens, 384; 693
Ancyra, taken by Arabs, 393
Andalusia, 163; conquests of Leovigild in,
167, 170
Andalusians, the, victorious at Cordova, 163
Andarta, goddess, 463 sq.
Andeca, Suevic noble, usurps the crown,
170; tonsured and banished, ib.
Andelot, pact of Guntram and Childebert II
at, 122
Andescox, god, 473
Andreas, captain of shield-bearers, 279
Andrew, St, relics of, brought to Scotland,510
Andrew, Bishop of Crete, 414
Andrew, chamberlain, detains the family
of Constans, 395; envoy to Mu‘āwiya,
396; kills Sergius, 397; takes Amorium, ib.
Andrew, envoy to the Chazars, 297
Andrew, son of Troilus, murders Constans
II, 395; executed, ib.
Andrew of Wyntoun, Orygynale Chronykil
of Scotland of, 509
Anextiomarus, 473
Angers, 141
Angilbert, Abbot of St Riquier, 619 sq. , 663
Angilram, Bishop of Metz, 662
Angles. See English
Anglesey,473; conquered by Edwin, 543; 550
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the, cited, 543, 563
Anglo-Saxons, the, and the mission of
Augustine, 124; 131; in request as slaves,
149; 158, 642
Angoulême, captured by Clovis, 114, 160
*::: River, boundary of duchy of Spoleto,
93
Anna, King of East Anglia, 525, 545;
Coenwalch flees to, 546; slain, 547
Annales Cambriae, cited, 501, 512 sq.
Annales Einhardi, cited, 601, 610,614, 621,
665, 672, 705, 706 note; description of
Charles the Great given in, 626 sq.
Annales Laureshamenses (Annals of Lorsch),
cited, 620, 623,672, 682
Annals of Tighernac, cited, 513
Annals of Ulster, cited, 507, 513
Annegray, monastery of, founded by S.
Columbanus, 147
Annwfn, 478
Anociticus, god, 479
Anona, taken by Remismund, 165
Anonymus de conversione Bagariorum &
Carantanorum, cited, 452
Ansar, the, 333, 336, 358
Ansegis, son of Arnulf, made Mayor of the
Palace, 125; marries Begga, 126
Anselm, palgrave, falls at Roncesvalles, tº
Ansprand, guardian of Liutpert, Lombard
king, defeated, 210; flees to Bavaria.
211; his family mutilated, ib. ; return,
ib. ; reign, ib. ; death, ib.
Antae, in the imperial army, ll: settle ºn
the Danube, 30; ravage Illyricum, 31:
35; as allies of Rome, 281; 421; attacked
by Goths, 431; defeated by Avars, 435 sq. ;
442
Antenociticus, god, 473, 479
Antequera, 164; Gothic relics found at, 13
Anthemius, Emperor of the West, morelia
of, 57
Anthemius, Bishop of Trebizond, appointed
to see of Constantinople, 45; deposed, ii.
Anthemius of Tralles, and church of St
Sophia, 40
Antioch, Theodora at, 25; taken by Per
sians (540), 29; 33; rebuilt, 40; patriarch
ordained at, 46; Gregory the Great and
the patriarchate of, 241, 246; taken by
Persians (573), 272; Priscus in, 278;
feud of Blues and Greensin, 285; religious
disturbances in, 286; battle at, 289; 343;
taken by Muslims, 344; Athanasius and
the patriarchate of, 398; imperial troops
hold, 406; 407; Romans victorious near,
410
Antioch in Pisidia, Arabs winter at, 335;
taken by Arabs, 414
Antioch, Patriarchs of. See Anastasius
George, Gregory, Macarius, Macedonius
Paul, Severus, Theophanes
Antiochus, praefect, 56
Anti-pope. See Constantine
Antocus, god, 473
Antonina, wife of Belisarius, and Theodora it
Antoninus Pius, T. , Emperor, and law re-
specting slaves, 62 sq. ; and law cor-
cerning adopted persons, 68
Aosta, taken by Franks, 198
Apamea, taken by Persians, 272; 404
Apelles, law professor, 56
Apennine Mts, Goths repulsed in, 17; Duke
Faroald forces passage of, 198; King
Agilulf crosses, 201; Agilulf gives landia.
to Columbanus, 202; King Rothari
crosses, 203; 204; Liutprand crosses,
214; 217, 228, 232 sq. ; frontier of the
Empire, 693
Aphoumon, fortress of, captured by Maurice,
275; Philippicus retreats to, 278
## p. 827 (#859) ############################################
Indea:
827
Aphraates, general, commands the left at
the battle of Solochon, 277
Apollinaris, son of Sidonius, at battle of
Wouglé, 114, 160
Apollinarius, the younger, Bishop of Lao-
dicea in Syria, punishment of followers
of, 108
Apollo, 462, 464, 473 sqq.
Apollonia, Tiberius flees to, 411
Apsich, arranges terms of settlement be-
tween Romans and Avars, 269; at the
battle of Solochon, 277 and note; sent
against the Antae, 281
Apsilians, 35
Apsimar. See Tiberius
Apulia, 228; the Saracens reach, 384; 388;
Bulgars in, 443; 588
Aquae Sulis. See Bath
Aquileia, destroyed by Lombards, 196;
schismatic bishop of, takes refuge with
the Lombards, 202; patriarchate divided,
206; 538; diocese of, sends missionaries
to the Avars, 609
Aquileia, Bishops of.
donius, Severus
Aquitaine (Aquitania), rule of Dagobert in,
125; independence of, 128; suzerainty of,
conferred on Pepin, 130; Roman law
longest in force in, 138; under the
Franks, 162; 534; Grifo in, 587; Pepin
conquers, 592 sq. , 604; half assigned to
Charles by Pepin, 594 sq. ; half assigned
to Carloman, 595; assigned to Louis,
605; 606
Aquitaine, Eudo, Duke of, 128; and the
Arab invasion, 129, 374; 131; and the
Berber Munusa, 376
— Hunald, Duke of, defeated by Charles
the Great, 131, 595; retires to a monas-
tery, 131
— Waifar, Duke of, at war with Pepin,
131, 593; death, 593
Aquitanians, harass retreat of the Arabs,
129; 459; heathen deities of, 460 sqq. ;
oppose Frankish rule, 595
Arab Empire, the, dissensions in, 129;
founded, 358; 360; work of Mu‘āwiya
for, 361; fiscal system of, 362; greatest
expansion of, 363
Arabia, Roman law in, 58; early condition
of, 302 sq. , 331; Hanifs in, 306; ex-
pectation of a prophet in, 314 note; 315;
the Jews in, 319; despotism of Mahomet
in, 321 sqq. ; Ridda war in, 334 sqq. ;
Muslim conquests in, 338 sqq. ; 352;
ceases to be centre of empire, 356; the
Ibádites in, 357
Arabian geographer, the, cited, 432 sqq.
Arabissus, birthplace of Maurice, 275;
Heraclius meets Sahrbarāz at, 299; taken
by Arabs, 393; 396
Arabs, the (Arabianism, Arabians), serve in
imperial army, 11; 28, 35, 41; Christian
missions to, 46; and the conquest of
Spain, 118, 128; invade the south of
See Calistus, Mace-
France, 129; 130; helped by Jews, 174;
help the sons of Witiza, 184; victorious
at Lake Janda, 185; 187; in Persia, 263;
in pre-Muslim times, 302 sqq. ; spread of
monotheism among, 306; 308; Judaised
clans of, 312; 316, 319 sq. ; at battle of
Mu'ta, 323, 325; calendar of, 326; 327
sq. ; expansion of, chs. x1 and xII passim;
hostile to the Berbers in Sicily, 389; 392;
in Asia Minor, 393 sqq. ; 400, 402 sqq. ;
and Justinian II, 406, 412; successes in
reign of Philippicus, 414; at the siege of
Amorium, 417; treat with Leo, ib. ; 597;
atwar with Charles the Great, 604 sq. ;646.
See also Saracens
Aradus, taken by Arabs, 353
Aragon, 175
Aramaeans, the, 331, 345, 365
Ararat, province, 293, 298
Arausio. See Orange
Araxes, River, 279; Heraclius crosses, 294,
298; 353
Arcadius, Emperor of the East, 55, 101, 103
Arcadius, Bishop of Cyprus, and the Mono-
thelete controversy, 398
Arces (Arsissa), Sarbar defeated at, 294
Archaeopolis, besieged, 412
Archelais. See Colonia
Archidona, taken by Arabs, 372
Archipelago, the, fortifications of, 33
Architecture, Merovingian, 157 sq. ; Wisi-
gothic, 193
Arciaco, god, 473
Ardagast, 453
Ardennes, the, 459, 461 sq.
Aregenses, 167
Areobindus, governor in Africa, murdered,
13
Ares, 485
Arethas, King of the Axumitae, Justin II
sends a mission to, 271
Argebald, Bishop of Narbonne, joins in
rebellion against Wamba, 179
Argimund, Visigothic duke, 172
Argyle, county, 511
Arianism, Justinian and, 44; Clovis and,
114; Hermenegild abjures, 168, 259;
modification of admission form, 169;
171; long continuance of, in Spain,
172 sq. ; adopted by Lombards, 194, 202;
extirpated from Africa, 252; Recared
abjures, 260; possibly introduced into
Britain, 500; in Italy, 688
Arians, the, persecuted by Justinian, 5, 44,
110; among Visigoths, 113, 160; con-
version required by Clovis, 114, 160;
condemned by Council of Epačne, 117;
meeting of bishops at Toledo, 169; re-
bellions of, in Spain, 172 sq. ; suppression
of books of, 192; bishop installed at
Spoleto, 198; favoured by Lombard
kings, 202 sq. ; refuted by Leander of
Seville, 239
Aridius, founds a monastery, 147
Ariminum. See Rimini
## p. 828 (#860) ############################################
828
Inder
Ariminum, Council of, 498
Arioald, Duke of Turin, made king of the
Lombards, 202; and Friuli, 203
Aripert, King of the Lombards, favours the
Catholics, 204; daughter of, marries
Grimoald, 205; 394
Aripert II, King of the Lombards, destroys
the descendants of Perctarit, 210 sq. ;
pro-Roman policy, 211
Aristobulus, suppresses the disloyalty of
the troops, 279
Aristotle, works of, sent by Pope Paul into
Francia, 591
Arles, besieged by Franks, 114, 161; 118;
seat of a metropolitan, 145; monasteries
at, 147; trade of, 155; 159; Arabs take,
374; Augustine consecrated at, 516
Arles, Bishops of. See Caesarius, Vergilius
Arles, Council of, British bishops present
at, 498
Arles, province of, and the Papacy, 146,
256,258 sq.
Armagh (Ardd Mache), founded, 507
Armenia, 7; rivalry of Persia and Rome
in, 28 sqq. ; magister militum appointed
for, 32; Justinian's forts in, 33; 35, 39;
Monophysites in, 44 sq. ; Roman law in,
58; disturbances in, 270 sq. ; not men-
tioned in the treaty,272; Persians invade,
274; 276, 278 sqq. ; Maurice raises
recruits in, 283; civil war in, 285;
Persians supreme in, 289 sqq. ; Persians
driven from, 293; 294, 299; Saracens
invade, 353, 393; military rulein, 395sq. ;
Justinian II in, 406; taken by Arabs,
407; 408 sq. ; Romans defeated in, 410
Armenia Quarta, betrayed to the Arabs,
410; Armenians settled in, 414
Armeniaci, the, 396, 416
Armenians, in the imperial army, 11, 343;
religious persecution of, 270 sq. ; 298;
and religious controversy, 403; expelled
from the Empire, 414
Arminius, chief of the Cherusci, 194, 639
Arminius, deacon, attends British bishops
at Council of Arles, 498
Armorica, 118 sq. , 466
Armthwaite, 475
Arnefrit, son of Lupus of Friuli, tries to re-
gain the duchy, 205; killed, ib.
Arnfels, 446
Arno, Archbishop of Salzburg, writes to
Alcuin about Leo III, 704
Arnulf, Emperor, as duke of Carinthia,
449; 660
Arnulf, St, Bishop of Metz, resists Brunhild,
123; rules in Austrasia, 124, 126, 136,
575 sq. ; 697, 699
Arnulf, grandson of Pepin II, Mayor of the
Palace in Austrasia, 128
Arrago, River, 166
Arras, 120
Art, poverty of in Gaul, 157 sq. ; of the
Visigoths in Spain, 193; Lombardic, 207;
Christian, in Britain, 501
Artavasdes, son of Witiza, driven fºr
Spain, 182 sq. ; helped by Arabs, 185sº:
re-established at Cordova. 185
Artavazd, commander of the Armenias,
refuses to recognise Theodosius III, 415.
comes to terms with Leo, 417
Arvalus, god, 474
Arvernians (Arverni), the, at the battle ºf
Wouglé, 114; 464
Arxamon, victory of Chosroes II at 285
Arzanene, invaded by Mareianus, 272; is:
, vaded by Maurice, 275; ceded, 406
As, god, 489
Asad, Bedouin tribe, 319,334sq. ; defeatei
336
Asad ibn al-Furāt, leads attack on Sicily.
38. 2
Asaph, Bishop of St Asaph's, 499
Asarius, Byzantine general, defeated ºf
Wisigoths, 173
Ashdown, laid waste, 553
Asia, importance of province, 27; 28.
30 sqq.
Ohr, N. Die Ovationstheorie u. d. Kaiserkrönung etc. Ib. 26. 2. 190 sqq.
La Leggendaria Elezioned. Carlo Magno a Imperatore. Rome. 1903.
Sackur, E. Ein römisch. Majestätsprozess u. d. Kaiserkrönung etc. HZ. 87
(N. F. 51). 385 sqq.
Sickel, W. D. Kaiserwahl Karls d. Gr. MIOGF. 20, 1 sqq.
Walther, J. D. Zeremoniell bei d. Kaiserkrönung etc. Theol. Liter. Blatt. 27.
337 sqq.
C. MED. H. WOL. II. Ch. xxii. 62
## p. 818 (#850) ############################################
818
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
OF
LEADING EVENTS MENTIONED IN THIS VOLUME
314 Council of Aries.
410 Sack of Rome by Alaric.
429 Mission of Germanus and Lupus to Britain.
430 Death of Augustine.
432-461 St Patrick in Ireland.
449 Traditional date of Hengest and Horsa.
451 Battle of the Mauriac Plain.
Council of Chalcedon.
455 Sack of Rome by the Vandals.
481-511 Reign of Clovis.
482 The Henoticon of Zeno.
493 Traditional date of Cerdic.
493-526 Reign of Theodoric in Italy.
506 Issue of the Breviarium Alarici.
507 Battle of the Campus Vogladensin.
511 Division of the Frankish kingdom by the sons of Clovis.
518 Justin I Emperor.
527-565 Reign of Justinian.
529 The Schools of Athens closed.
532 The Niku riot
Building of St Sophia begun.
533 Issue of the Digest.
Conquest of Africa by Belisarius.
534 Frankish conquest of the Burgundians.
535-553 The Gothic War.
537-538 The great siege of Rome by the Goths.
540 Capture of Ravenna by Belisarius.
541 Abolition of the Consulships.
548 Death of Theodora.
552 Battle of Taginae.
553 Battle of the Lactarian Mount.
Fifth General Council.
554 Conquest of Southern Spain by the Imperial forces.
558 The Huns before Constantinople.
560-616 Reign of Aethelberht in Kent.
561 Division of the Frankish kingdom by the sons of Chlotar I.
565 Justin II Emperor.
568 Invasion of Italy by the Lombards.
c. 570 Birth of Mahomet.
## p. 819 (#851) ############################################
Chronological Table 819
575 Assassination of Sigebert.
578 Tiberius II Emperor.
582 Maurice Emperor.
584 Assassination of Chilperic.
589 Conversion of the Visigoths. Third Council of Toledo.
590 Agilulf king of the Lombards.
590-603 Pontificate of Gregory the Great.
591 Chosroes restored by Maurice.
594 Death of Gregory of Tours.
597 Landing of Augustine in Thanet.
Death of Columba.
602 Phocas Emperor.
610 Heraclius Emperor.
613 Reunion of the Prankish kingdom under Chlotar II.
614 Capture of Jerusalem by the Persians.
622 Flight of Mahomet to Medina.
625-638 Pope Honorius.
626 Siege of Constantinople by Persians and Avars.
627 Baptism of Edwin of Deira.
Battle of Nineveh.
628 Peace with Persia.
629 Expulsion of Byzantines from Spain.
632 Death of Mahomet. Abu Bakr Caliph.
633 Battle of Heathfield.
634 Mission of Birinus in Wessex.
Omar Caliph.
635-642 Reign of Oswald in Northumbria.
636 Battle of the Yarmuk.
Issue of the Ekthesis.
637 Battle of Kadislya.
638 Capture of Jerusalem by the Arabs.
640 Invasion of Egypt by the Arabs.
641 Constantine III Emperor.
Constans II Emperor.
Battle of Nihflwand.
642 Chindaswinth king in Spain.
Battle of Maserfield.
642-671 Oswy king in Northumbria.
644 Othman Caliph.
647 Final capture of Alexandria by the Arabs.
648 Issue of the Type.
653 Mu'awiya reaches Dorylaeum.
Arrest of Pope Martin.
655 Battle of the VVinwaed.
Ali Caliph—Civil war.
659 Mercian Revolt.
661 Mu'awiya Caliph.
663 Constans in Rome.
664 Synod of Whitby.
668 Constantine IV Emperor.
669-690 Episcopate of Theodore at Canterbury.
671-685 Ecgfrith in Northumbria.
673 Synod of Hertford.
673-677 Saracen attacks on Constantinople.
52—2
## p. 820 (#852) ############################################
820 Chronological Table
680 Synod of Heathfield.
Murder of Husain at Karbala.
685 Battle of Nechtansmere.
Justinian II Emperor.
687 Battle of Tertry.
688 Baptism and death of Ceadwalla.
688-726 Ine king in Wessex.
692 The Trullan Council.
695 Leontius Emperor.
697 Final capture of Carthage by the Saracens.
698 Tiberius (Apsimar) Emperor.
705 Justinian II restored.
709 Death of Wilfrid.
711 Philippicus Emperor.
Battle of La Janda. Saracen conquest of Spain.
712-744 Liutprand king of the Lombards.
713 Anastasius II Emperor.
715-731 Pope Gregory II.
716 Theodosius III Emperor.
716-757 Aethelbald king in Mercia.
717 Battle of Vincy.
717-741 Leo III Emperor.
723 Boniface consecrated a bishop.
725 Beginning of the Iconoclast Controversy.
727 The Italian Revolt.
731-741 Pope Gregory III.
731 End of Bede's History.
732 Battle of Tours.
734 Bede's Letter to Ecgbert.
739 Embassy of Gregory III to Charles Martel.
741-752 Pope Zacharias.
741-775 Constantine V Emperor.
743 Boniface archbishop of Mainz.
749 Aistulf king of the Lombards.
750 Fall of the Umayyads.
751-768 Pepin king.
754-756 Prankish Interventions in Italy.
755 Death of Boniface.
'Abd-ar-Rahman Caliph in Spain.
756 Desiderius king of the Lombards.
757-796 Offa king in Mercia.
759 Pepin's conquest of Septimania.
768-771 Charles and Carloman.
771-814 Charles alone.
772-795 Pope Hadrian 1.
772-804 Saxon Wars.
774 End of the Lombard kingdom.
778 Roncevalles.
787 Second Council of Nicaea.
Submission of Benevento.
Deposition of Tassilo.
787-802 Archbishopric of Lichfield.
794 Diet of Frankfort.
795 Capture of the Avar Ring.
## p. 821 (#853) ############################################
Chronological Table 821
795-816 Pope Leo III.
799 Outrage on Pope Leo (25 Mar. ).
800 Arrival of Charles at Rome (24 Nov. ).
The Imperial Coronation (25 Dec. ).
807-811 Danish Ware.
811 Completion of the Spanish March.
814 Death of Charles (28 Jan. ).
831 Saracen conquest of Palermo.
846 Saracen attack on Rome.
859 Saracen conquest of Sicily completed.
871 Capture of Bari from the Saracens.
909-1171 Fatimites in Egypt.
915 Saracens driven from the Garigliano.
1038-1040 Campaigns of Maniakes in Sicily.
1061-1091 Norman conquest of Sicily.
## p. 822 (#854) ############################################
822
INDEX
Aar, River, 110
Aaron of Caerleon-upon-Usk, martyr, 497
and note
Abasgi (Abasges), SS; support Heracliua,
294; under Arab protection, 416
'Abbas, uncle of Mahomet, 313; converted
to Islam, 324; opposes faction of Abu
Bakr, 334
'Abbas, nephew of Maslama, military
successes of, 414 sq.
'Abbas, son of Walid, military successes of,
412
'Abbas ibn al-Fadl, Aghlabid prince, takes
Castrogiovanni, 382; plunders Calabrian
coast, 386
Abbasids, the, 337, 868 sqq. , 363; ascend-
ancy of, 364, 378; make an alliance with
Pepin, 604; with Charles the Great, 615
'Abd-al-'Aziz, son of Musa, sent to suppress
revolt at Seville, 186, 373; governor of
Spain, 373
'Abd-al-'Aziz, son of Walid, raids by, 412,
414
'Abd-al-'Aziz, brother of 'Abd-al-Malik,
viceroy in Egypt, 363
'Abdallah, father ot Mahomet, 305
'Abdallah ibn 'Amir, general, conquers
Istakhr, 348; winters in Crete, 397
'Abdallah ibn Kais, and the raid on Sicily,
380
'Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn 'Abl Sarh, governor
of Upper Egypt, work of, 352 sq. ; cam-
paign of, 367; 393
'Abdallah ibn Ubayy, a chief of the Ehazraj,
opposes Mahomet, 314; 318
'Abdallah, brother of Walid, takes Theo-
dosiopolis, 410
'Abdallah ibn az-Zubair, opposes Tazid,
359 sq. ; defeated, 360; 369; 407
'Abd-al-Malik, Caliph, defeats Zubair faction,
361; work of, to. ; fiscal reforms of, 362;
prosperity of the empire under, 363 ; 369;
371; renews the peace, 406; renews war,
407; 412
'Abd-al-Muttalib, grandfather of Mahomet,
305
•Abd-al-'Uzza (Abu Lahab), uncle of Ma-
homet, opposes the Prophet, 310
'Abd-ar-Rahman, son of 'Abdallah, Arab
governor, invades the south of France,
129,374; killed, ib.
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn 'Auf, at the election
of the Caliph, 355
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Habib, independent
of the Caliph, 377; death, 378; attacks
Syracuse, 381
'Abd-ar-Rahman, son of Khalid, invades
imperial territory, 396
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya, founds
western Caliphate, 378; Charles the
Great makes war on, 604; 605
Abercorn, bishopric set up at, 559
Aberdeen Breviary, the, cited, 510
Aberdour, 513
Abingdon, 561
Abraham, patriarch, said to have founded
the Ka'ba, 325
Abrantes, 166
Abruzzi, the, Bulgars receive lands in, 443
Abu Bakr, Caliph, friend of Mahomet, 307;
goes to Medina, 313; daughter of, marries
Mahomet, 316; 332; elected caliph,
333 sq. ; defeats insurgents, 335 sq. ; 338;
death, 342; 347,354
Abu-1-Aghlab Ibrahim, Aghlabid prince,
takes Messina, 382
Abu-1-A'war, and the battle of Phoenix,
353, 393
Abu-1-Hakam (Abu Jahl), slain, 317
'Abu-1-Khattar, restores order in Spain, 377
Abu Muslim, general, defeats the Umay-
yads, 364
Abu Sa'id, descendant of Visigothic royal
house, 186
Abu Sufyan, and the battle of Badr, 317;
at the battle of Uhud, 318 ; 322; promotes
the surrender of Mecca, 324
Abu Talib, uncle and protector of Mahomet,
305,307; rejects Mahomet's doctrine, 310;
death, 311
Abu 'Ubaida, 332; at Abu Bakr's election,
333; appointed governor of Syria, 344 sq. ;
death, 346
Abydus, Heraclius at, 288
Abyssinia, spread of Christianity to, 35;
271; Mahomet's disciples take refuge in,
310
Abyssinians, the, overthrow the Sabaeans,
303; 310
Acacias, Patriarch of Constantinople,
schism of, 1; name effaced from diptychs,
5; 688
## p. 823 (#855) ############################################
Indea:
828
Acacius Archelaus, general, sent to com-
mand army before Nisibis, 272
Acerenza, assaulted by Constans II, 205,
394
Achaia, plundered by Slavs, 296
Achila (Agila), King of the Visigoths, 182;
deposed by Roderick, 183 sq. ; in league
with the Arabs, 185 sq.
Achud. See Clonkeen
Acisclus, St, Agila profanes tomb of, 163
Acroinus (Prymnessus), Maslama at, 417
Adalgis, son of Desiderius the Lombard,
made co-regent, 219; at Werona, 220;
flees to Constantinople, ib. , 599; 600;
remains a patricius at Constantinople,
602
Adaloald, titular king of the Lombards,
brought up as a Catholic, 202, 250;
death, ib.
Adam of Bremen, cited, 424, 482, 484
Adamnan, Life of St Columba by, 510,
513; 535
Adarmaanes, Persian general, invades Syria,
272 sq.
Adarnase I, made king of Iberia by
Heraclius, 297 note
Adata, occupied by Arabs, 393; 396
Adda, River, 206
Aºun, senator and patrician, executed,
267
Additions to Tirechan's Collections, cited,
503
Adel, near Leeds, inscription at, 476
Adelfius, Bishop of Lincoln, at the Council
of Arles, 498
Adelgis, King of Frisia, welcomes St Wil-
frid, 535
Adelhard, Abbot of Corvey, 668
Adelperga, daughter of Desiderius, marries
Arichis of Benevento, 217
Adeodatus, Pope, rejects Constantine's
synodical, 404
Adeodatus, Numidian primate, and Gregory
the Great, 253
Adhruh, arbitration court held at, 357
Adige (Etsch), River, 606
Administrative system of Justinian (the
East),37 sqq. , (African), 22 sq. , ch. vin(A);
of the Franks (Merovingian), 137 sqq. ,
(Carolingian), ch. xxi. ; of the English,
550 sq. ; of the Lombards, 207–210, 648;
of the Slovenes, 445 sqq.
Adoptianism, Charles the Great summons
synods to deal with, 616
Adoulis, port, 41
Adramyttium, mutineers elect Theodosius
emperor at, 416
Adriatic Sea, the, 15, 205; Saracens in,
384, 387; the Serbs on, 438; 443, 445,
577, 615, 693, 700
Aedui, the, 460
Aega, Mayor of the Palace, 125, 157
Aegean Sea, Slav raids extend to, 31;
395 sq. , 438
Aegidius, general, 109
Aelle, King of Deira, 237, 522
Aeron (Agröna), goddess, 477
Aescingas, the, 634
Aesir, the, 484
Aesus, god, 473
Aethelbald, King of Mercia, growth of
Church endowments under, 563 sq. ; 569
Aethelberht, King of Kent, 255, 515; his
reception of the missionaries, 516; bap-
tism, ib. and note; 517, 519; death, 521;
522; code of, 548, 561 sq. ; cited, 567
Aethelburga (Tata), daughter of Aethelberht,
marries Edwin of Northumbria, 522;
takes flight, 525, 544
Aethelburga, daughter of Anna of East
Anglia, abbess of Brie, 525
Aethelfrith, King of Northumbria (Bernicia),
victories of, 521 sq. ; defeat and death,
522, 543; 545
Aethelred, King of Mercia, defeats Ecgfrith
of Northumbria, 557; aids Wilfrid, 559;
abdicates and becomes a monk, 562;
563
Aethelric, King of Bernicia, 522
Aethelstan, King of England, accepts Hákon
as foster-son, 635
Aethelthryth (Aetheldreda, Audrey), found-
ress of Ely, 525; translation of the body
of, 559
Aethelwalch, King of Sussex, becomes
Christian, 530, 553, 559; slain, 560
Aethelwald, King of Deira, 529
Aetherius, senator and patrician, executed,
267
Aëtius, Roman general, and the Visigoths,
109
Aëtius, patricius, opposes marriage proposed
for the empress, 624
Africa, persecution of Catholics in, 9 sq. ,
48; 11; war in, 12 sq. ; imperial rule
restored in, 13 sq. , 19; 16, 18; system
of civil governmentin, 20 sq. ; Justinian's
forts in, 22; wretched condition of, 23 sq. ;
28, 32; persecution of Arians in, 44;
inhabitants protest against action of
Vigilius, 47; 52, 53, 95, 129; Gisalic in,
161; Visigothic expedition to, 163; Visi-
gothic refugees in, 176; Muslims gain a
footing in, 179; conspiracy of Jews in,
181; sons of Witiza takerefugein, 183sq. ;
imperial administration in, ch. VIII (A)
passim, 283; 225; estates of the Church
in, 242; 248; the Church in, 252 sq. ,
256, 263, 267; expedition for overthrow
of Phocas prepared in, 287; Heraclius
and, 290, 292, 300 sq. ; 353; the Ibádites
in, 357; spread of Islám in, ch. xII
passim; under Mu‘āwiya ibn Hudaij,
367 sq. ; Arabs driven from, 369; Arabs
recover, 370 sq. ; 373; 375; Arabs and
Berbersin, 376; separate states formedin,
377 sq. ; 379; and the conquest of Sicily,
380 sqq. ; 388 sqq. ; Pyrrhus escapes to,
892; 394 sq. ; synods held in, 400; 408,
410, 413, 429, 500 sq. , 702
## p. 824 (#856) ############################################
824
Indea:
Agapetus, Pope, deposes Anthemius, 45;
46
Agathias, historian, cited, 4, 34, 51
Agatho, Pope, refuses conference with Con-
stantinople, 404; holds a synod, ib. ;
405; Wilfrid appeals to, 557 sqq. ; 690,
692
Agaunum, monastery of, restored by Sigis-
mund, 117
Agde, Charles Martel destroys fortifications
of, 129; bishopric established at, 142;
179; Arabs expelled from, 582
Agen, 125
Agericus, Bishop of Werdun-sur-Meuse, 122
Aghagower, St Patrick founds a church at,
506
Aghanagh, church founded at, 506
Aghlabids, the, lead invasion of Sicily, 378;
end of kingdom of, 379; conquer Sicily,
381 sqq.
Agila, King of Visigoths, persecutes Catho-
lics, 18, 163; defeated, 19, 163; assas-
sinated, 163; 164
Agila, son of Witiza, king of the Visigoths.
See Achila
Agilbert (Albert), Bishop of Wessex (Win-
chester), leaves Wessex, 530
Agilolfings, family of, supreme in Bavaria,
128, 633
Agilulf, Duke of Turin, made king of the
Lombards, 201; marries Theodelinda,
ib. , 243; reign, ib. ; death, 202; 203,217;
attacks Rome, 244; his meeting with
Gregory, 245; makes a treaty with the
Empire, 249; further conquests, 250;
possibly a Catholic, ib.
Agra, 166
Agricola, son of Severianus, teaches Pela-
gianism in Britain, 500
Agriculture of the Lombards, 197; of the
Slavs (Polesie), 423; Teutonic communal,
636 sqq.
Aguntum. See Innichen
Ahl ar-Ridda, secessionist party, 335
Ahmad, Amir, and the rebellion in Sicily,
389
Ahmad ibn Kurhub, leader of Saracens in
Sicily, supports the Abbasid Caliph, 387;
executed, 388
Ahmed Anasiri Asalaui, cited, 183
Aidan (Aedan), Bishop of Lindisfarne, 524;
bishop and abbot at Lindisfarne, 526,
545; death, 527; 528, 546, 554 sq.
Aila (“Akaba), trade route from, 41, 340 sq.
Ailbe, presbyter, ordained by St Patrick,
503
Ailbeus, Irish saint, 503
Ailill, children of, 503
Ailred, Life of St Ninian by, 510 sq.
Ainstable, inscriptions at, 475
Aion, duke, defeated by Hermenegild, 169
Aire, River, 544 note, 545
. Aisch, River, 452
‘A’isha, wife of Mahomet, influence of 316;
327; opposes Ali, 356
Aistulf, King of the Lombards, chosenking
215; anti-Roman policy, ib. , 695; and
the pope, 215 sq. , 233, 582 sqq. , 53.
699; takes Ravenna, 215, 232, 695; sº
war with the Franks, 216; besieges Bome
ib. , 583, 589; defeated, 217, 589; makes
terms with pope and emperor, ib. , 700;
death, 217, 589,695; 228; 580, 597, 544.
648, 694, 696
Aix (Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen), 145; Götriº
threatens to enter, 614; Greek ambas-
sadors recognise Charles the Great as
emperor at, 624; death of Charles st
625; Assembly held at (802), 673, 682:
696
Aix (Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen), Bishop ºf
See Protasius
Ajnādain (Jannābatain), battle of, 341 sq.
Ajo, son of Arichis of Benevento, killed in
battle, 204
Akaba, Gulf of, 41
Akbas, fort of, taken by Romans, 277 mate
“Akrabã, battle of, 336
‘Aküba, battle of, 367
Alagors, River, 166
Alamoundar, Saracen chief, 267
Alans (Alani), 35; incited to attack the
Abasgi, 416
Alaric, King of the Visigoths, 692
Alaric II, King of the Visigoths, 57; issues
Lea Romana Visigothorum, 58, 160, 174,
178; surrenders Syagrius, 110, 159;
and the bishops, 113, 160; slain, 114,
160; and the revolt of the Bagaudae, 151
Alba, 499
Albacete, 164, 167
Alban, St, martyrdom of, 497
Albania, 279; ravaged by Chazars, 297
Albania (Alban), district of Scotland, 512
Albanians, the, 441
Albelda, chronicle of, cited, 182, 185
Albi, 114, 160
Albofleda (Audefleda), sister of Clovis,
marries Theodoric, 111
Alboin, King of the Lombards, helped by
Avars destroys Gepid kingdom, 195, 268,
436; marries Rosamund, 195; invades
Italy, 196; reigns in Italy, ib. ; murdered,
ib. ; daughter of, sent to Constantinople,
ib. ; 199, 692 sq.
Alcántara, 166
Alcaraz, 164
Alcarria, 168
Alchfrid, King of Northumbria, 530; under.
king of Deira, 552; and Wilfrid, 554;
driven from Deira, 555
Alciocus (Alzeco), Bulgar leader, 443
Alclyde, fortress, 511
Alcuin, and the works of Isidore of Seville
193; cited, 483, 618, 617, 628; 527; at
the school of York, 574; at the court of
Charles the Great, ib. , 663; and the
Libri Carolini, 616; 620, 702; and the
guilt of Leo III, 704
Alderminster, 558
## p. 825 (#857) ############################################
Indea:
825
Aldfrid, King of Northumbria, and Wilfrid,
559, 562; letter of Aldhelm to, 573
Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne, appointed,
561; literary work of, 573 sq.
Alemannia, duchy of, abolished, 129; falls
to share of Carloman, 130, 595; St
Columbanus in, 148
Alemannic Law, the, cited, 633, 653, 680
Alemans (Alemanni), the, chased from
Italy, 12; devastations of, 23; 110 sq. ;
attacked by Clovis, 112 sq. ; settled in
the Alps, 113; 116; under Frankish
dominion, 118 sq. ; subjugated by
Pepin II, 128; 134; date of law of, 138;
converted by St Gall, 148; fight the Slavs,
203; 672
Aleppo, taken by Muslims, 344
Alexander the Great, 330, 689
Alexander, adherent of Phocas, kills Theo-
dosius and Constantine, 284; is put to
death, ib.
Alexandria, Theodora at, 25; importance
of export trade of, 41; law school sup-
pressed, 61; Gregory the Great and the
patriarchate of 241, 246; murder of
Justin, son of Germanus, at, 267; feud
of Blues and Greens in, 285; religious
disturbances in, 286; taken by Nicetas,
287; besieged by the Persians, 290 sq. ;
taken, 292; 298; 349; taken by Saracens,
351; retaken and again lost, 352; 366 sq. ;
Arab ships built at, 393; 399; represented
at Sixth General Council, 404; 467
Alexandria, Bishops and Patriarchs of. See
Anastasius, Athanasius, Cyril, Cyrus,
Dioscorus, Eulogius, George, Theodore,
Theodosius
Alfonso II, of Spain, 190
Alfonso III, of Spain, chronicle of, cited,
186
Alfonso V, of Spain, 190
Alfred, King of England, 561; and Mercian
law, 565
Algarves, the, 173, 175
Algeciras, attacked by Muslims, 179; taken,
184
Algeria, 378; the Hammâdids in, 379
Ali (‘Ali), cousin and son-in-law of Ma-
homet, 307, 313, 333; on the Board of
Election, 355; becomes caliph, 356;
opposed by Mu‘āwiya and 'Amr, 357;
murdered, 358; 376, 378 sq.
Aller, River, 612
Allobroges, the, 464
Allonne, inscription at, 474
Almansa, 164
Almeria, 167
Alpes Maritimae, province, 142, 145
Alps, Mts, form boundary of province of
Italy, 18; Alemans in, 113; 146; Lom-
bards cross, 196, 200, 203; (Cottian)
patrimony of pope in, restored, 211 sq. ;
Pope Stephen crosses, 215, 233, 584, 695;
the Franks cross into Italy, 216, 580;
Bertrada crosses, 218; fortresses on, 225;
Avars in, 296; 443, 445, 449, 582, 587,
598, 687, 699, 701
Alsace, Alemans in, 110 sqq. ; 137; 474;
assigned to Carloman, 595
Altaian-Magyars, the, 425
Altaians, the, 425, 433 sq. , 439; Rou-
manians a branch of, 440; 443, 452
Altinum, retaken by imperialists, 200
Altmühl, River, 657
Alzeco. See Alciocus
Alzey, inscription at, 476
Amalaric, son of Alaric II, becomes king
of the Visigoths, 114, 161 ; minority,
161 sq. ; personal rule, 162; death, ib.
Amalasuntha, daughter of Theodoric, as
regent, 6, 10; treats with Justinian, 10,
14; fall and death, ib.
Amalfi, 228; gradually acquires indepen-
dence, 234; and the Saracens, 385
Amanaburg, foundation of Boniface at, 537
Amandus, St, missionary bishop, preaches
to the Basques and others, 125, 534
Amanus, Mts, form boundary of Caliph's
territory, 344, 354; 361
Amasia, 412; taken by Arabs, 414
Amastris, 411
Ambaethon (Ambactènos), god, 477
Ambérieux, assembly of, 117
Ambléve, Charles Martel victorious at, 128
Amboise, meeting of kings near, 113
Ambros, Arab chieftain, 267
Ambrose, St, Bishop of Milan, 71
Ameria, castle of, taken by Liutprand, 213
America, 190, 420, 482
Amida, fortress at, 33; Philippicus and
Mebodes meet at, 277; 278; surrenders
to Persia, 285; 294; Heraclius winters
_ at, 299; 393
Amina, mother of Mahomet, 305
Amir al-Mu'minin, title of the Caliphs, 333
Ammaia (Amaya), capital of the Cantabri,
taken, 167
Ammon, temple of, 44
Amnesia, 397
Amolngaid, Irish king, and St Patrick, 507
Amorium, attacked by Arabs, 393, 396;
taken by Arabs, 317; recovered, ib. ;
siege of, 417
Ampelius, governor of Spain under Theo-
doric, 162
‘Amr ibn al-'As, converted to Islám, 323;
commands in Syria, 340 sq. , 345; con-
quers Egypt, 350 sq. ; character, 350;
superseded, 352; outwits Ali, 356; takes
possession of Egypt, ib. ; occupies
Tripolis, 366; 367
Ana, goddess, 477
Anagartus, patrician, 168
Anagni (Nanó), 225
Anastasia, mother of Justinian II, ill-
treated, 409; attempts to save Tiberius,
413 sq.
Anastasius I, Eastern Emperor, death, 1 ;
his name effaced from the diptychs, 5;
and the Greens, 7 sq. ; 21 ; his plans for
## p. 826 (#858) ############################################
826
Indea:
the Empire, 27; and the Persian war,
28; 29; builds the Long Wall, 33;
religious policy, 45; financial success
of, 49; 51,68; confers patent of consular
rank on Clovis, 115, 134, 140
Anastasius II (Artemius), Eastern Emperor,
crowned, 415; ecclesiastical policy, ib. ;
firm rule, ib. ; deposed, 416; becomes a
monk, ib.
Anastasius, Patriarch of Antioch, at Con-
stantinople, 239
Anastasius, Jacobite Patriarch of Alexandria,
expelled, 286
Anastasius, bishop, sent by Gregory III to
Charles Martel, 130
Anastasius, quaestor of the palace, 267
Anastasius, betrays a plot to Phocas, 286
Anastasius, treasurer of St Sophia, sent as
ambassador to the Persians, 290
Anatolia, 284
Anchialus, 280
Ancona, held by imperialists, 17; burnt by
Saracens, 384; 693
Ancyra, taken by Arabs, 393
Andalusia, 163; conquests of Leovigild in,
167, 170
Andalusians, the, victorious at Cordova, 163
Andarta, goddess, 463 sq.
Andeca, Suevic noble, usurps the crown,
170; tonsured and banished, ib.
Andelot, pact of Guntram and Childebert II
at, 122
Andescox, god, 473
Andreas, captain of shield-bearers, 279
Andrew, St, relics of, brought to Scotland,510
Andrew, Bishop of Crete, 414
Andrew, chamberlain, detains the family
of Constans, 395; envoy to Mu‘āwiya,
396; kills Sergius, 397; takes Amorium, ib.
Andrew, envoy to the Chazars, 297
Andrew, son of Troilus, murders Constans
II, 395; executed, ib.
Andrew of Wyntoun, Orygynale Chronykil
of Scotland of, 509
Anextiomarus, 473
Angers, 141
Angilbert, Abbot of St Riquier, 619 sq. , 663
Angilram, Bishop of Metz, 662
Angles. See English
Anglesey,473; conquered by Edwin, 543; 550
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the, cited, 543, 563
Anglo-Saxons, the, and the mission of
Augustine, 124; 131; in request as slaves,
149; 158, 642
Angoulême, captured by Clovis, 114, 160
*::: River, boundary of duchy of Spoleto,
93
Anna, King of East Anglia, 525, 545;
Coenwalch flees to, 546; slain, 547
Annales Cambriae, cited, 501, 512 sq.
Annales Einhardi, cited, 601, 610,614, 621,
665, 672, 705, 706 note; description of
Charles the Great given in, 626 sq.
Annales Laureshamenses (Annals of Lorsch),
cited, 620, 623,672, 682
Annals of Tighernac, cited, 513
Annals of Ulster, cited, 507, 513
Annegray, monastery of, founded by S.
Columbanus, 147
Annwfn, 478
Anociticus, god, 479
Anona, taken by Remismund, 165
Anonymus de conversione Bagariorum &
Carantanorum, cited, 452
Ansar, the, 333, 336, 358
Ansegis, son of Arnulf, made Mayor of the
Palace, 125; marries Begga, 126
Anselm, palgrave, falls at Roncesvalles, tº
Ansprand, guardian of Liutpert, Lombard
king, defeated, 210; flees to Bavaria.
211; his family mutilated, ib. ; return,
ib. ; reign, ib. ; death, ib.
Antae, in the imperial army, ll: settle ºn
the Danube, 30; ravage Illyricum, 31:
35; as allies of Rome, 281; 421; attacked
by Goths, 431; defeated by Avars, 435 sq. ;
442
Antenociticus, god, 473, 479
Antequera, 164; Gothic relics found at, 13
Anthemius, Emperor of the West, morelia
of, 57
Anthemius, Bishop of Trebizond, appointed
to see of Constantinople, 45; deposed, ii.
Anthemius of Tralles, and church of St
Sophia, 40
Antioch, Theodora at, 25; taken by Per
sians (540), 29; 33; rebuilt, 40; patriarch
ordained at, 46; Gregory the Great and
the patriarchate of, 241, 246; taken by
Persians (573), 272; Priscus in, 278;
feud of Blues and Greensin, 285; religious
disturbances in, 286; battle at, 289; 343;
taken by Muslims, 344; Athanasius and
the patriarchate of, 398; imperial troops
hold, 406; 407; Romans victorious near,
410
Antioch in Pisidia, Arabs winter at, 335;
taken by Arabs, 414
Antioch, Patriarchs of. See Anastasius
George, Gregory, Macarius, Macedonius
Paul, Severus, Theophanes
Antiochus, praefect, 56
Anti-pope. See Constantine
Antocus, god, 473
Antonina, wife of Belisarius, and Theodora it
Antoninus Pius, T. , Emperor, and law re-
specting slaves, 62 sq. ; and law cor-
cerning adopted persons, 68
Aosta, taken by Franks, 198
Apamea, taken by Persians, 272; 404
Apelles, law professor, 56
Apennine Mts, Goths repulsed in, 17; Duke
Faroald forces passage of, 198; King
Agilulf crosses, 201; Agilulf gives landia.
to Columbanus, 202; King Rothari
crosses, 203; 204; Liutprand crosses,
214; 217, 228, 232 sq. ; frontier of the
Empire, 693
Aphoumon, fortress of, captured by Maurice,
275; Philippicus retreats to, 278
## p. 827 (#859) ############################################
Indea:
827
Aphraates, general, commands the left at
the battle of Solochon, 277
Apollinaris, son of Sidonius, at battle of
Wouglé, 114, 160
Apollinarius, the younger, Bishop of Lao-
dicea in Syria, punishment of followers
of, 108
Apollo, 462, 464, 473 sqq.
Apollonia, Tiberius flees to, 411
Apsich, arranges terms of settlement be-
tween Romans and Avars, 269; at the
battle of Solochon, 277 and note; sent
against the Antae, 281
Apsilians, 35
Apsimar. See Tiberius
Apulia, 228; the Saracens reach, 384; 388;
Bulgars in, 443; 588
Aquae Sulis. See Bath
Aquileia, destroyed by Lombards, 196;
schismatic bishop of, takes refuge with
the Lombards, 202; patriarchate divided,
206; 538; diocese of, sends missionaries
to the Avars, 609
Aquileia, Bishops of.
donius, Severus
Aquitaine (Aquitania), rule of Dagobert in,
125; independence of, 128; suzerainty of,
conferred on Pepin, 130; Roman law
longest in force in, 138; under the
Franks, 162; 534; Grifo in, 587; Pepin
conquers, 592 sq. , 604; half assigned to
Charles by Pepin, 594 sq. ; half assigned
to Carloman, 595; assigned to Louis,
605; 606
Aquitaine, Eudo, Duke of, 128; and the
Arab invasion, 129, 374; 131; and the
Berber Munusa, 376
— Hunald, Duke of, defeated by Charles
the Great, 131, 595; retires to a monas-
tery, 131
— Waifar, Duke of, at war with Pepin,
131, 593; death, 593
Aquitanians, harass retreat of the Arabs,
129; 459; heathen deities of, 460 sqq. ;
oppose Frankish rule, 595
Arab Empire, the, dissensions in, 129;
founded, 358; 360; work of Mu‘āwiya
for, 361; fiscal system of, 362; greatest
expansion of, 363
Arabia, Roman law in, 58; early condition
of, 302 sq. , 331; Hanifs in, 306; ex-
pectation of a prophet in, 314 note; 315;
the Jews in, 319; despotism of Mahomet
in, 321 sqq. ; Ridda war in, 334 sqq. ;
Muslim conquests in, 338 sqq. ; 352;
ceases to be centre of empire, 356; the
Ibádites in, 357
Arabian geographer, the, cited, 432 sqq.
Arabissus, birthplace of Maurice, 275;
Heraclius meets Sahrbarāz at, 299; taken
by Arabs, 393; 396
Arabs, the (Arabianism, Arabians), serve in
imperial army, 11; 28, 35, 41; Christian
missions to, 46; and the conquest of
Spain, 118, 128; invade the south of
See Calistus, Mace-
France, 129; 130; helped by Jews, 174;
help the sons of Witiza, 184; victorious
at Lake Janda, 185; 187; in Persia, 263;
in pre-Muslim times, 302 sqq. ; spread of
monotheism among, 306; 308; Judaised
clans of, 312; 316, 319 sq. ; at battle of
Mu'ta, 323, 325; calendar of, 326; 327
sq. ; expansion of, chs. x1 and xII passim;
hostile to the Berbers in Sicily, 389; 392;
in Asia Minor, 393 sqq. ; 400, 402 sqq. ;
and Justinian II, 406, 412; successes in
reign of Philippicus, 414; at the siege of
Amorium, 417; treat with Leo, ib. ; 597;
atwar with Charles the Great, 604 sq. ;646.
See also Saracens
Aradus, taken by Arabs, 353
Aragon, 175
Aramaeans, the, 331, 345, 365
Ararat, province, 293, 298
Arausio. See Orange
Araxes, River, 279; Heraclius crosses, 294,
298; 353
Arcadius, Emperor of the East, 55, 101, 103
Arcadius, Bishop of Cyprus, and the Mono-
thelete controversy, 398
Arces (Arsissa), Sarbar defeated at, 294
Archaeopolis, besieged, 412
Archelais. See Colonia
Archidona, taken by Arabs, 372
Archipelago, the, fortifications of, 33
Architecture, Merovingian, 157 sq. ; Wisi-
gothic, 193
Arciaco, god, 473
Ardagast, 453
Ardennes, the, 459, 461 sq.
Aregenses, 167
Areobindus, governor in Africa, murdered,
13
Ares, 485
Arethas, King of the Axumitae, Justin II
sends a mission to, 271
Argebald, Bishop of Narbonne, joins in
rebellion against Wamba, 179
Argimund, Visigothic duke, 172
Argyle, county, 511
Arianism, Justinian and, 44; Clovis and,
114; Hermenegild abjures, 168, 259;
modification of admission form, 169;
171; long continuance of, in Spain,
172 sq. ; adopted by Lombards, 194, 202;
extirpated from Africa, 252; Recared
abjures, 260; possibly introduced into
Britain, 500; in Italy, 688
Arians, the, persecuted by Justinian, 5, 44,
110; among Visigoths, 113, 160; con-
version required by Clovis, 114, 160;
condemned by Council of Epačne, 117;
meeting of bishops at Toledo, 169; re-
bellions of, in Spain, 172 sq. ; suppression
of books of, 192; bishop installed at
Spoleto, 198; favoured by Lombard
kings, 202 sq. ; refuted by Leander of
Seville, 239
Aridius, founds a monastery, 147
Ariminum. See Rimini
## p. 828 (#860) ############################################
828
Inder
Ariminum, Council of, 498
Arioald, Duke of Turin, made king of the
Lombards, 202; and Friuli, 203
Aripert, King of the Lombards, favours the
Catholics, 204; daughter of, marries
Grimoald, 205; 394
Aripert II, King of the Lombards, destroys
the descendants of Perctarit, 210 sq. ;
pro-Roman policy, 211
Aristobulus, suppresses the disloyalty of
the troops, 279
Aristotle, works of, sent by Pope Paul into
Francia, 591
Arles, besieged by Franks, 114, 161; 118;
seat of a metropolitan, 145; monasteries
at, 147; trade of, 155; 159; Arabs take,
374; Augustine consecrated at, 516
Arles, Bishops of. See Caesarius, Vergilius
Arles, Council of, British bishops present
at, 498
Arles, province of, and the Papacy, 146,
256,258 sq.
Armagh (Ardd Mache), founded, 507
Armenia, 7; rivalry of Persia and Rome
in, 28 sqq. ; magister militum appointed
for, 32; Justinian's forts in, 33; 35, 39;
Monophysites in, 44 sq. ; Roman law in,
58; disturbances in, 270 sq. ; not men-
tioned in the treaty,272; Persians invade,
274; 276, 278 sqq. ; Maurice raises
recruits in, 283; civil war in, 285;
Persians supreme in, 289 sqq. ; Persians
driven from, 293; 294, 299; Saracens
invade, 353, 393; military rulein, 395sq. ;
Justinian II in, 406; taken by Arabs,
407; 408 sq. ; Romans defeated in, 410
Armenia Quarta, betrayed to the Arabs,
410; Armenians settled in, 414
Armeniaci, the, 396, 416
Armenians, in the imperial army, 11, 343;
religious persecution of, 270 sq. ; 298;
and religious controversy, 403; expelled
from the Empire, 414
Arminius, chief of the Cherusci, 194, 639
Arminius, deacon, attends British bishops
at Council of Arles, 498
Armorica, 118 sq. , 466
Armthwaite, 475
Arnefrit, son of Lupus of Friuli, tries to re-
gain the duchy, 205; killed, ib.
Arnfels, 446
Arno, Archbishop of Salzburg, writes to
Alcuin about Leo III, 704
Arnulf, Emperor, as duke of Carinthia,
449; 660
Arnulf, St, Bishop of Metz, resists Brunhild,
123; rules in Austrasia, 124, 126, 136,
575 sq. ; 697, 699
Arnulf, grandson of Pepin II, Mayor of the
Palace in Austrasia, 128
Arrago, River, 166
Arras, 120
Art, poverty of in Gaul, 157 sq. ; of the
Visigoths in Spain, 193; Lombardic, 207;
Christian, in Britain, 501
Artavasdes, son of Witiza, driven fºr
Spain, 182 sq. ; helped by Arabs, 185sº:
re-established at Cordova. 185
Artavazd, commander of the Armenias,
refuses to recognise Theodosius III, 415.
comes to terms with Leo, 417
Arvalus, god, 474
Arvernians (Arverni), the, at the battle ºf
Wouglé, 114; 464
Arxamon, victory of Chosroes II at 285
Arzanene, invaded by Mareianus, 272; is:
, vaded by Maurice, 275; ceded, 406
As, god, 489
Asad, Bedouin tribe, 319,334sq. ; defeatei
336
Asad ibn al-Furāt, leads attack on Sicily.
38. 2
Asaph, Bishop of St Asaph's, 499
Asarius, Byzantine general, defeated ºf
Wisigoths, 173
Ashdown, laid waste, 553
Asia, importance of province, 27; 28.
30 sqq.
