; early
relations
with Frederick I, 384 sq.
Cambridge Medieval History - v5 - Contest of Empire and the Papacy
;
efforts to enforce obedience in North Italy,
63 sqq. ; plans for crusade, 63, 147, 268,
271; conflict with Henry IV begins, 64,
134; ultimatum to Henry IV, 65 sq. , 135;
imprisoned by Cencius, 66; Henry's attack
on, 66 sq. , 135; excommunicates Henry,
67, 135; his justification, 67; goes north
to preside over council at Augsburg, 69;
absolves Henry at Canossa, 69 sqq. , 136 sq. ;
returns to Rome, 71; sends legates to diet
at Forchheim, 71; his neutrality on elec-
tion of Rudolf of Swabia, 71 sq. , 140; dis-
satisfaction of both kings with, 72; legisla-
tion of (1078-9), 72 sq. ; excommunicates
and deposes Henry IV (1080), 74 sq. , 141;
effect of sentence, 75 sq. ; deposed by
council of Brixen, 76, 141; seeks aid from
Normans, 76; relations with Normans,
76 sq. , 178 sqq. , 193; alliance with Robert
Guiscard, 77, 181; Romans begin to fail
him, 78; Henry IV victorious over, 79;
rescued by Robert Guiscard, 79; death of,
at Salerno, 80; summary of his work, 80;
his extreme claims the result of opposition,
81; his relations with France, 81 sqq. ;
with England, 84 sq. , 497,516; with other
countries, 85, 133; results of his policy,
85; position of his supporters at his death,
86; Cluny and, 665; and schools, 777 sq. ;
4, 13 note, 109 sqq. , 130, 143, 151 sq. , 391
Gregory VIII, anti-Pope, see Bourdin
Gregory VIII, Pope (Albert of Morra), 409,
458 sq. ; death of, 459
Gregory IX, Pope, and Aristotle, 818; issues
his Decretals, 713 sq. , 748; and the reform
of the Benedictine Order, 686; and the
Celestines, 688; and Frederick II's crusade,
314
Gregory XI, Pope, approves Order of Corpus
Christi, 692
Gregory XII, Pope, and abbey of Santa
Giustina, 693
Gregory XIII, Pope, issues official edition of
the Corpus iuris canonici, 714, 742
Gregory Papareschi, see Innocent II, Pope
Gregory, rival of Benedict VIII, 15
Gregory, naval prefect under Otto III, 14 sq.
Grimoald, King of the Lombards, and
Lombard law, 730
Grimoald of Bari, rebels against Roger II,
186
Groby, castle, 568 sq.
Groenendael, monastery, 694
Groot, Gerhard, of Deventer, mystic, 694
Grosmont, monastery, 669
Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln, his
translations from Greek, 331, 812 sqq.
Gruffydd ap Cynan, prince of North Wales
(Gwynedd), 525
Guaimar IV, prince of Salerno, obtains aid
from Normans, 168 sq. ; death of, 169
Guaimar V, prince of Salerno, succeeds to
principality, 169; joined by Rainulf, 170;
chosen as leader by Normans, 171; de-
784 sq.
Gozzolini, Silvestro, 688
Grado, patriarch of, rights of, 18, 28
Grand Assize, see Assize of Windsor
Grande-Chartreuse, monastery of, 669 sq.
Grandmont, monastic order of, 668 sq.
Gratian, John, see Gregory VI, Pope
Gratian, canon-lawyer, his Decretum, 73,
706 sq. , 712 sqq. ; 711; teaches canon law
at Bologna, 742
Gravina, 176; concordat of, between Tancred
and Celestine III, 202, 465
Gregory I the Great, St, Pope, Gregory VII
and, 53 sq. , 72; 711
Gregory II, Pope, 711
Gregory IV, Pope, and war against Muslims,
268; 13 note
Gregory V, Pope, 22
Gregory VI, Pope (John Gratian), papacy of,
19; deposition and death of, 21; 22 sqq. ,
52, 69
Gregory VII, Pope (Hildebrand), ix sq. , xii;
Chaps. II, III; early life of, 19, 24 sq. ,
32 sqq. , 36 sqq. , 41, 49,51 sqq. , 174; elected
Pope, 51; his character and policy, 53 sqq. ;
situation of Papacy on his accession, 58 sq. ;
reconciliation with Henry IV, 59 sq. ; and
church reform, 60 sqq. ; reduces Siegfried,
archbishop of Mayence, to obedience, 60 sq. ;
relations with German episcopate, 53, 61 ;
## p. 970 (#1016) ###########################################
970
Index
Guy of Rochefort, 597, 602
Guzance, nunnery,
681
Gwynedd (North Wales), 525, 556 sq. ;
princes of, see Gruffydd, Owen
Gyrth, brother of Harold, killed at Hastings,
501
Gytha, mother of Harold, holds out against
William, 503
prived of Capua by Henry III, 172; murder
of, 173
Gualbert, St John, see John Gualbert
Guarino, bishop of Modena, and celibacy,
14
Guastalla, council of (1106), 101
Guibert of Nogent, on Thomas of Marle,
593
Guibert (anti-Pope Clement III), archbishop
of Ravenna, and the pa pal election decree,
37, 42; submits to Alexander II, 60; again
proclaims independence of his see, 64;
elected Pope at Brixen, 75 sq. , 141 sq. ;
his character, 76; enthroned as Clement
III, 79; expelled from Rome, 91; his
attitude on re-ordination, 93; and election
of Paschal II, 96; death of, 94, 96 sq. , 149;
87, 90, 143, 145, 182, 526
Guibert, chronicler, his report of Urban II's
speech at Clermont, 265
Guidi, counts, wars with Florence, 224
Guido of Crema (anti-Pope Paschal III),
elected Pope, 394 sq. , 438; canonises
Charlemagne, 439; at Viterbo, 440; at
Rome, 441; death of, 443; 397
Guido, cardinal, protects Arnold of Brescia,
372
Guido, archbishop of Milan, 28, 33, 39 sqq. ;
summoned to Rome, 42; conflict with
Pataria, 47 sq. ; resigns, but returns, 48;
death of, 48; 219
Guido, bishop of Arezzo, and simony, 26
Guido, son of the count of Biandrate,
nominated by Frederick I as archbishop
of Ravenna, 429
Guienne, communes in, 627, 650
Guifred of Cerdagne, archbishopof Narbonne,
10
Guigues du Châtel, prior of the Grande-
Chartreuse, 669 sq.
Guiscard, Robert, see Robert Guiscard
Guisnes, county of, 548; see also Vere
Gulielmus, a Pavese lawyer, 733
Guncelin of Hagen, count of Schwerin, and
the Wends, 398; aids Henry the Lion,
406
Gundisalvi, Dominic, translator and philo-
sopher, 811, 817
Gundobad, King of the Burgundians, his
Lex Gundobada, 722, 726; his Lex Romana
Burgundionum, 722
Gunther, archbishop of Cologne, 13
Guy de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem and
Cyprus, marries Sibylla, sister of Baldwin
IV, 309; his rule in Jerusalem, 310;
captured by Saladin, ib. ; besieges Acre,
ib. ; his rivalry with Conrad of Montferrat,
310 sq. ; receives Cyprus from Richard I,
311
Guy, archbishop of Rheims, 26
Guy, archbishop of Vienne, see Calixtus II,
Pope
Guy, count of Flanders, 404 note
Guy of Burgundy, and William I of
Normandy, 493
Hadrian I, Pope, his collection of canons
(Dionysio-Hadriana), 709; his (forged)
privilege to Charles the Great, 101
Hadrian IV, Pope (Nicholas Breakspear),
his accession and character, 415 sq. ; rela.
tions with Arnold of Brescia, 415 sq. ;
places Rome under interdict, 416; rela-
tions with William I of Sicily, 192 sq. ,
416 sq. ; signs treaty of Benevento with
Normans, 193; mediates between Manuel
VII and William I, 194; his alliance with
Normans against the Empire, ib. ; sends
an embassy to Frederick I, 418; meets
Frederick I, 419 sq. ; crowns Frederick,
421; his critical position in 1155, 423;
his war against William of Sicily, ib. ;
defeated and forced to make peace, 424;
his estrangement from Frederick I, ib. ;
quarrel over beneficia, xii, 109, 390 sq. ,
425 sq. ; disputes renewed, 429 sq. ; tries
to form league against Frederick, 430;
death of, 430; approves Rule of Order of
Grammont, 668; 111, 477, 805
Hadrianople, 411
Hainault, 410
Hākim, Fātimite Caliph, 252 sqq. ; his
character, 253; damages the Holy Sepul-
chre, 257
Halberstadt, seeof, dispute between Frederick
I and Henry the Lion as to, 403; captured
by Henry, 405; 344
Haldensleben, 401, 405 sq.
Halinard, archbishop of Lyons, reforms of,
10; proposed as Pope, 23
Halle, sack of, by Lothar III, 340
Halmyrus, see Almira
Halrefeld, Henry the Lion's victory at, 406
Hamāh, in Syria, 247, 249, 256, 261, 306, 315
Hamdān, Arab house of, 245 sqq. , 250 sq. ,
Hampshire, 581
Hanover, 460
Hanseatic League, alliance with Teutonic
Order, 333
Harbottle, castle, 570
Harding, Stephen, abbot of Cîteaux, 672 sqq. ,
681
Hārim, raiders from, defeated by crusaders,
290; capture of, ib. ; 247, 257
Harmenopulus, Constantinus, an Eastern
jurist, 719
Harold, King of England, his election, 481;
its justification, 482; his fear of William
of Normandy, 482 sq. ;
marries Ealdgyth,
497 ; defeats Harold Hardrada, 499; de-
feated and killed at Hastings, 500 sq.
254 sq.
## p. 971 (#1017) ###########################################
Index
971
Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, invades
England, 499; defeated and slain, ib.
Harold, brother of Canute of Schleswig,
344
Harrān, 263; Bohemond defeated at, 301
Harrow, manor of, 507
Hartwig, archbishop of Bremen, and Henry
the Lion, 356, 401, 460; deprived of regalia
by Frederick I, 393; Wendish bishoprics
and, 356, 399; death of, 401
Hartwig, archbishop of Magdeburg, at battle
of Pleichfeld, 144; relations with Henry
IV, 145
Hartwig, bishop of Ratisbon, and Frederick
I, 393
Hārūn ibn Khān, first Seljūg to gain footing
in Syria, 260
Harzburg, castle, Magnus confined in, 129;
Henry IV at, 131; destruction of, 132 sq.
Hasan, Zairid prince of Mahdiyah, and
Roger II, 189
Hasan al-'asam (Hasan al-a-sham), Qarma-
tian leader, 248
Hasan al-yāzūrī, minister of Mustanşir, 259
Hasan ibn 'Ammār, Fățimite governor in
Syria, 252
Hasan ibn Jaʼfar, sharif of Mecca, 253
Hassān, son of Mufarrij ibn Daghfal, 255
Hastings, battle of, 500 sq. ; 577
Haughley, castle, 569
Hauteville, in Normandy, 170, 493; house
of Hauteville, Chap. IV passim
Headda, schooling of, 771
Hébert, count, gives a charter to St Quentin,
626
Hélie, lord of la Flèche, in Maine, 527; re-
established as count of Maine, 529; and
Henry I, 530
Helmold, chronicler, on Henry the Lion and
the Wends, 399
Helmold of Schwerin, 460
Henfrid IV of Toron, marries Isabella, sister
of Baldwin IV, 309; refuses kingship,
310; divorced by Isabella, 311
Henry II, Western Emperor, ecclesiastical
policy of, 15 sqq. , 22; and South Italy,
168 sq. ; receives collective fealty from
Lombard towns, 214, 216; his grant to
Savona, 217
Henry III, Western Emperor, succeeds Con-
rad II, 19; ecclesiastical policy of, vii, 3, 14,
17 sqq. ; and Gregory VI, 21; his second
marriage, 21; in Italy (1054-5), 31; death
of, 31, 112; 26, 28, 32, 39 sq. ,52,59, 69, 83,
85, 109, 114, 118, 127, 152, 172, 345, 366,
394
Henry IV, Western Emperor, Chaps. II,
III; minority of, vii, xii, 31, 37, 39, 42,
44, 112 sqq. ; end of regency, 115; forced
to dismiss Adalbert, 116; personal govern-
ment begins, 116; marriage to Bertha of
Turin, ib. ; attempts to divorce her, 34,
117; his policy, 125 sq. ; his statesmanship
and character, 126; breach with Pope
Alexander II, 49, 59, 130; relations with
Poland, 130; and Saxony, xvii, 128 sqq. ;
Saxon revolt of 1073, 60, 130 sqq. ; his
reconciliation with Gregory VII, 59 sq. ,
131; and the treaty of Gerstungen, 132;
relations with Hungary, 133; defeats
Saxons on the Unstrut, 62, 64, 133 sq. ;
his harsh treatment of the Saxons, 134;
his challenge to the Pope over Milan, xii,
64 sq. , 130, 134; holds Council of Worms
(Jan. 1076), 66 sq. ; excommunicated, 67,
135 sq. ; effects of excommunication, 68,
135; and diet of Tribur, 68 sq. , 136 sq. ;
at Canossa, 69 sq. , 137; success of Henry's
plan, 71, 137; position in Germany on
coronation of Rudolf, 139; relations with
Pope, 72, 74, 139; his appointment of
dukes, 140; his diplomacy, 140 sq. ; second
excommunication of, in 1080, 74 sq. , 141;
council of Brixen deposes Gregory VII, and
sets up anti-Pope, 75, 141; expeditions to
Italy, 78, 142; captures Leonine city, 78;
captures Rome, 79; crowned Emperor by
anti-Pope, 79, 142; establishes his hold
in Germany, 143; proclaims the Peace of
God, ib. ; forced to leave Saxony again, 144;
end of Saxon revolt, ib. ; climax of his
power, 145; his second marriage, ib. ;
second campaign in Italy, 91, 146; revolt
of Conrad and Praxedis, ib. ; and First
Crusade, 147 sq. , 273; peace in Germany
(1098), 148; Henry V elected as his suc-
cessor, ib. ; Paschal II and, 97, 149; revolt
of Henry V, 97 sq. , 149 sqq. ; captured and
deposed by Henry V, 150 sq. ; escapes, 151;
death of, ib. ; character of his reign, 151
sq. ; his grant to Pisa, 220 note; 109 sq. ,
154, 158, 166, 179 sq. , 182 sq. , 665
Henry V, Western Emperor, Chaps. II, III;
elected as successor to Henry IV, 148;
revolts against Henry IV, 97 sq. , 149 sqq. ;
captures and imprisons Henry IV, 150 sq. ;
character of, 154; his forced reliance on
the nobles, 155; relations with Paschal II,
86,96 sqq. ,100 sqq. ,155 sq. ; German policy
of, 156 sqq. ; marries Matilda, daughter of
Henry I, 159, 604; conflict with Adalbert
of Mayence, 104, 158 sqq. ; revolt of 1115
against, 159; second expedition to Italy,
104 sq. , 160 sq. ; excommunicated by
Gelasius II, 105 sq. , 161; relations with
Calixtus II, 106 sqq. , 161 sqq. ; and the Diet
of Würzburg (1121), 162; and the Concordat
of Worms,107 sq. , 163; results of his struggle
with Papacy, 163 sq. ; his position in Ger-
many, ib. ; relations with Lotharof Saxony,
164; relations with Bohemia, Hungary,
and Poland, 113, 165; last years and death,
165 sq. , 334; his character and policy,
166; his diplomas to Italian communes,
231; 104, 117, 121, 125 sq. , 161
Henry VI, Western Emperor, Chap. XIV;
his character, 454, 479 sq. ; crowned King
of Germany, 407; and of Italy, 408, 457;
his marriage with Constance of Sicily, 408,
453, 456 sq. ; regent in Germany during
## p. 972 (#1018) ###########################################
972
Index
absences of Frederick I, 407 sq. , 410, Henry VIII, King of England, 696
459 sq. ; his first Italian expedition, 202, Henry I, King of France, and Leo IX, 26 sq. ;
462 sqq. ; crowned Emperor, 464; fails helped by Robert I of Normandy, 490 sq. ;
to defeat Tancred, 201 sq. , 464; difficulties helps William of Normandy, 493; attacks
in Germany, 465 sqq. ; his ecclesiastical William but is defeated, 494
appointments, 466; imprisons Richard I, Henry, King of the Romans, son of Conrad
467; general revolt against, ib. ; his skil III, elected, 353, 375; defeats Welf VI, 357,
ful policy, 467 sq. ; Philip Augustus and, 378; death of, 379, 381
467 sqq. ; his second expedition to Sicily, Henry, King, son of Henry II of England,
203, 470 sqq. ; crowned at Palermo, 471; 555; crowned, 563; his position, 566 sq. ;
his settlement of Sicily, 471 sq. ; extent of rebels, 567 sqq. , 614; his rebellion sap-
his empire, 472 sq. ; relations with Eastern pressed, 571; betrothed to Margaret,
Empire, 473; takes the Cross, 473 sq. ; daughter of Louis VII, 611; married, 612;
his plans to make the kingship hereditary, does homage to Louis VII for Normandy,
474 sqq. ; relations with Papacy, ib. , 613; death of, 572
463; preparations for the crusade, 478 sq. ; Henry, King of Jerusalem, count of Cham-
rebellion in Sicily, 479; his power, xii sqq. ; pagne, succeeds Conrad of Montferrat, 311;
his death, 479
death of, 313
Henry I, King of England, Chap. xvi; rela Henry de Lusignan, King of Cyprus, attempts
tions with William II and Robert, 523 sq. ; to restore union among Christians at Acre,
reconciliation of William with, 527; his 318
reign, 527 sqq. ; his coronation, 528; his Henry, cardinal-bishop of Albano, helps to
charter of liberties, ib. ; marries Edith, reconcile Frederick I and Philip of Cologne,
529; quells a rebellion, 529 sq. ; invades 409; 410
Normandy, 530; defeats Robert at Tinche Henry of Susa, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, his
brai, 531; his quarrel with Anselm, 99 Summa Aurea, 742; 757
sq. , 531 sq. ; Calixtus II and, 106; his re Henry, cardinal of SS. Nereus and Achilleus,
organisation of the government, 532 sqq. ; sent by Hadrian IV as legate to William I
and Roger of Salisbury, 533 sq. ; his of Sicily, 416
personal activities, 535; dealings with Henry, archbishop of Mayence, objects to
the barons, 535 sqq. , and with the trading election of Frederick I, 381 note; deposed
classes, 537 sqq. ; his victory in Normandy, by Frederick I, 394
539, 602; and the succession, 539 sq. ; his Henry, bishop of Augsburg, his influence on
death, 540; Emperor Henry V and, 159, 165 the regent Agnes, 112
Henry II, King of England, Chap. XVII; Henry, bishop of Minden, removed by Frede-
birth of, 540; visits to England (1142), rick I, 394
549; becomes duke of Normandy, 551; Henry of Wolfratshausen, elected bishop of
marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, ib. ; invades Ratisbon, 340
England, ib. ; makes peace with Stephen, Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester, 542;
552; crowned King of England, ib. ; extent papal legate, 545; and Matilda, 547 sq. ;
of his lands, 554; secures the kingdom, mediates peace of Wallingford, 552
555; his foreign policy, 396 sq. , 402, 406 Henry the Black, duke of Bavaria, son of
sq. , 555 sq. , 608 sqq. ; relations with Wales duke Welf IV of Bavaria, marries Wulfhild,
and Scotland, 556 sq. ; quarrel with Bec 152; succeeds to duchyof Bavaria, ib. , 154;
ket, 159, 397, 558 sqq. , 613; the Constitu 153 sg. ; and the election of Lothar III, 336;
tions of Clarendon and, 559 sqq. ; renewed last days of, 337
quarrel with Becket, 561 sq. ; and the Henry the Proud, duke of Bavaria, 153 sq. ,
council of Northampton, 561; exiles Bec 188; his wealth and power, 337, 345;
ket's kinsfolk, 562; reconciled with Bec marries Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III,
ket, 563 sq. ; and Becket's murder, 564 sq. ; 337; attacks Frederick of Swabia at Zwi-
and Ireland, 565 sq. ; absolved by the falten, 338 sq. ; with Lothar III in Italy,
Pope, 566; and his sons, 566 sqq. ; his 366 sq. ; rebellions in his duchy, 340;
attempt to provide for John, 567; and the opposition to his succession to Lothar,
rebellion of 1173-4, 567 sqq. ; suppresses 346; relations with Conrad III, 346 sqq. ;
the rebellion, 571; relations with French his death, 347; effect of his death, 348
Kings, 571 sq. , 608 sqq. ; his last quarrels Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and
with his sons, 572; his influence on Eng. Bavaria, his minority, 348; receives duchy
lish law, 572 sqq. ; and the Assize of of Saxony, 349; crusade against Wends,
Clarendon, 584; his judicial experiments, 355; his rule in Saxony, 356 sq. , 401;
585 sq. ; and the Grand Assize, 587 sq.
; early relations with Frederick I, 384 sq. ;
and new writs, 589; and financial organi awarded duchy of Bavaria, 385; his
sation, 590; importance of his reign, 591; mediation between Emperor and Pope,
relations with William II of Sicily, 198; 426; assists Emperor in Italy, 428; buys
and Fontevrault, 671; 159, 384, 409
family inheritance in Italy, 386; effect of
Henry V, King of England, 692
his power in Germany, ib. ; relations with
## p. 973 (#1019) ###########################################
Index
973
Henry, count of Montescaglioso, one of
Council of Ten in Sicily, 197
Henry Aristippus, appointed by William I
to succeed Maio, 195; imprisoned, 196;
translates work of Gregory Nazianzen at
Sicilian court, 207
Henry of Brabant, Dominican, his learning,
332
Heraclea, crusaders at, 288
Herard, archbishop of Tours, and schools,
777
Herbert, count of Maine, 495
Herbert, chaplain of Conrad III, 357
Hereford, town, 538, 555, 580; see of, 511
Hereford, earldom of, created by William I,
509, 512, 524; created by Matilda, 548;
earls of, see Fitz Osbern, Miles, Roger
Herefordshire, 503, 521; lost to Stephen,
545
Hereward, his rebellion against William I,
504 sq.
Denmark, 386 sq. ; feud with rival princes
in Saxony, 388; subdues the Wends, 397
sqq. ; and Pomerania, 400; his encourage
ment of commerce, 400; marries Matilda,
daughter of Henry II of England, 397, 402;
goes on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, 402; his
breach with Frederick, 402 sqq. , 443, 445
sq. ; trial and fall of, 404 sq. ; effects of his
fall, 405; tries to obtain foreign aid, 406;
banished, 407; returns from banishment,
409; renewed exile of, 410, 459; returns
to Germany, 460; makes peace with
Henry VI at Fulda, 460 sq. ; again revolts,
465; reconciled with Henry VI, 469; last
years and death of, ib. ; 350, 408
Henry Jasomirgott, duke of Bavaria, later of
Austria, succeeds to margravate of Austria,
349; receives Bavaria, 350; marries Ger-
trude, ib. ; his feud with the bishop of
Ratisbon, 352; takes the Cross, 353; rela-
tions with Frederick I, 384 sq. ; loses
Bavaria, but created duke of Austria, 385;
his privileges, ib. ; 154 note
Henry of Limburg, duke of Lower Lorraine,
aids Henry IV, 151; 338
Henry of Limburg, claims duchy of Lower
Lorraine, 350
Henry, duke of Brabant, 466
Henry, count-palatine of the Rhine, governs
Germany in Henry IV's absence, 121 note,
146; death of, 146
Henry, son of Henry the Lion, handed over
as hostage to Henry VI, 460 sq. ; goes on
Sicilian expedition but escapes, 464;
marries Agnes, cousin of Henry VI, 469
Henry, margrave of the North Mark, 145
Henry of Eilenburg, margrave of the East
Mark (Lusatia), given the margravate of
Meissen, 145; death of, 152 note
Henry, margrave of Meissen and the East
Mark, posthumous son of Henry of Eilen.
burg, 152 note, 164
Henry the Fat, count of Nordheim, son
of Otto of Nordheim, 145; his important
position, 146; marries Gertrude, 145, 152
sq. ; death of, ib. ; Richenza his heiress, 334
Henry II, count of Namur and Luxemburg,
advocatus of the abbey of St Maximin,
350; 411
Henry, count of Groitsch, 339
Henry of Badwide, defeats the Wends, 354
Henry, son of Gottschalk, his rule in Nord-
albingia, 344
Henry of Kalden, marshal of the Empire,
leads troops against Tancred, 462; sup-
presses rising in Sicily, 479
Henry, son of King David of Scotland, earl
of Huntingdon, 543; made earl of North-
umberland by Stephen, 544
Henry, count of Champagne, aids Louis VII,
610, 614; negotiates between Frederick I
and Louis VII, 397, 617 sqq. ; gives a
charter to Meaux, 639
Henry, count of Monte Sant'Angelo, rebels
against Guiscard, 180
Herlogaud, abbot of Saint-Bénigne, 659
Herluin, Norman knight, founds the
monastery of Bec, 491
Herluin of Conteville, marries Arlette, 496
Herman II, archbishop of Cologne, receives
pallium from Leo IX, 34
Herman III, archbishop of Cologne, 145
Herman, bishop of Bamberg, 62, 125 note
Herman, bishopof Hildesheim, his opposition
to Henry the Lion, 401
Herman, bishop of Metz, 66 note; letters
of Gregory VII to, 67 sq. , 75, 78; recon-
ciled with Henry IV, 145; death of, 92
Herman, bishop of Toul, death of, 24
Herman Billung,count, uncle of duke Magnus
of Saxony, his revolt in 1073, 131; won over
by Henry IV, 141
Herman, count of Salm, elected anti-king,
78, 117, 142; his failure and death, 142;
144
Herman, count-palatine of the Rhine, 142
Herman of Stahleck, count-palatine of the
Rhine, his quarrels with Arnold of
Mayence, 387; his punishment and death,
ib.
Herman of Winzenburg, landgrave of
Thuringia, appointed margrave of Meissen,
164; sentenced to loss of his fiefs by
Lothar III, 339 sq. ; a supporter of Albert
the Bear, 347; his inheritance, 384
Herman, landgrave of Thuringia, his oppo-
sition to Henry VI, 465, 467, 475, 477
Herman, nephew of Robert Guiscard, 173,
178, 182
Herman, translator of Aristotle, 813 sq.
Hermann von Salza, Master of the Teutonic
Knights, 332
Herrevad, Cistercian abbey, 677
Hersfeld, Henry IV at monastery of, 131;
Conrad III assembles army at, 347
Hertford, town, 537
Hertford, earldom of, created by Stephen,
548; earls of, see Clare
Hertfordshire, 501, 508, 548
## p. 974 (#1020) ###########################################
974
Index
Hervé, archbishop of Rheims, and synod of
Trosly, 4
Hervé, a Breton, made bishop of Bangor,
525
Hervé of Donzy, 615
Hesse, 158
Heudicourt, 612
Heugo, a Norman, 488
Hiesmois, the, comté, 485; count of, 191 sq. ;
vicomté of, 493, 543
Hilary, bishop of Chichester, 558
Hildebrand, see Gregory VII, Pope
Hilduin, archbishop of Milan, 2
Hilduin, abbot of St Denis, reforms Saint-
Denis, 659
Hillin,archbishop of Trèves, sent by Frederick
I on embassy to Rome, 382; 393
Himerius, bishop of Tarragona, 768
Hims (Emesa), Syrian town, 245, 247, 249
sq. , 252, 255 sq. , 258, 260 sq. , 264, 290,
306; see also Bakjūr, Janāḥ-ad-Daulah
Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims, views on
patronage, 8; on clerical celibacy, 12; and
schools, 777; reforms Saint-Denis, 659
Hincmar, bishop of Laon, and lay ownership
of churches, 8
Hippocrates, translated by William of Moer.
beke, 814
Hirschau, monastery, 143, 663 sq.
Hispana, Spanish collection of canons,
709 sqq.
Hittin, Saladin defeats Guy de Lusignan at,
310, 459
Hoel, duke of Brittany, and William I,
518
Hohen-Mölsen, Rudolf defeats Henry IV at,
141
Hohenstaufen, family of, aim at inde-
pendent power in Swabia, 163 sq. ; struggle
with Lothar III, 337 sq. ; failure of, in
Germany and Italy, 339 sq. ; make peace
with Lothar III, 345; renewed feud with
Welfs, 346 sq. ; alliance with French Kings,
397; temporary breach in alliance, 468 sq. ;
receive Swabian inheritance of Welf VI,
466; 111,140,154, 334; see also Conrad III,
Frederick I, II, Frederick duke of Swabia,
Henry, Otto, Philip
Hoier, count of Mansfeld, 159
Holland, county of, colonists from, 354
Holme, abbey of St Benet of, 576; abbot of,
578
Holstein, missionary work in, 344; 354, 398,
407, 460 sq. , 465; counts of, see Adolf
Holy Cross, abbey at Coimbra, 679
Holy Land, see Palestine and Jerusalem,
kingdom of
Holy Sepulchre, church of, ruined by Hākim,
254; right to restore, given to Eastern Em-
peror, 256; renovation of, 257 sq. ; bull of
Sergius IV on restoration of, 268 sq.
Honorius II, anti-Pope, see Cadalus
Honorius II, Pope, relations with Roger II,
185; supports Lothar, 339, 361; his
difficulties, 362 sqq. ; death of, 342, 363
Honorius III, Pope (Cencio Savelli), and the
Liber Censuum, x sq. ; his Decretals, 713;
condemns John the Scot's De Dirisione
Naturae, 787 sq. ; forbids Roman Law to
be taught in the University of Paris, 751;
and Premonstratensians, 680
Hospitallers, see Knights of St John
Hotman, the jurist, 752
Houdan, castle of, 593, 596
Hovedö, Cistercian abbey, 677
Hubert, abbot of Farfa, 5
Hubert of Sainte-Suzanne, rebels against
William I, 517
Hubert Walter, archbishop of Canterbury,
312, 323, 578
Hubert, papal legate to England, 84
Hugh, King of Italy, and monastic reform,
2, 5, 662
Hugh III, King of Cyprus, his claim to
kingdom of Jerusalem, 317
Hugh, archbishop of Lyons, formerly bishop
of Die, papal legate in France, 82 sq. ,
87 sqq. ; made archbishop, 83, 110; and
Victor III, 87 sq. ; excommunicates Philip I,
94; letter of Urban II to, 95; aids founda-
tion of Cîteaux, 672
Hugh, bishop of Grenoble, and the Car.
thusian Order, 669
Hugh, bishop of Langres, 25 sqq.
Hugh, abbot of Cluny, his rule, 665; and
Gregory VII, 52, 54; at Canossa, 69 sq. ;
39, 87
Hugh, abbot of Farfa, 664
Hugh of Tübingen,count-palatine of Swabia,
leader of German crusaders, 275; death of,
276
Hugh, count-palatine of Tübingen, his feud
with Welf VI, 388
Hugh, vicomte of Avranches, made earl of
Chester, 507; his rent-roll, ib. ; 511 sq. ;
wars in Wales, 525
Hugh, earl of Chester, rebels against Henry
II, 567 sqq.
Hugh, duke of Burgundy (French), leads
French in the Third Crusade, 311
Hugh, count of Troyes, 602
Hugh III, count of Maine, 517
Hugh, count of Vermandois, his part in the
First Crusade, 273, 280
Hugh of St Victor, his philosophy, 800 sqq. ;
his praise of allegory, 803
Hugh de Payen, founder of the Knights
Templars, 305 sq.
Hugh of Crécy, and Louis VI, 596 sq. ; 602
Hugh of Gournay, 536, 543
Hugh of Le Puiset, and Louis VI, 594 sq. ,
597, 602
Hugo Candidus, cardinal, and Gregory VII,
54
Hugo, count of Egisheim, father of Leo IX,
24
Hugo Falcandus, chronicler, 191, 196
Hugo, the glossator, 737
Hugolinus, the glossator, 737
Huguccio, the canonist, 742
## p. 975 (#1021) ###########################################
Index
975
Hull, charterhouse at, 692
Humber, river, 482, 499, 504, 507
Humbert, archbishop of Milan, see Urban III,
Pope
Humbert, of Moyenmoutier, cardinal-bishop
of Silva Candida, 26 sq. ; sent to southern
Italy, 28; legate at Constantinople, 29;
proposed as Pope, 32; legate at Benevento
and Ravenna, 34; and Berengar, 37; death
of, 49, 52; his Liber adversus Symoniacos,
63; 35, 39, 92
Humbert III, count of Maurienne, 442, 567
Humbert, son of Tancred de Hauteville,
170
Humfred, archbishop of Ravenna, 28
Humphrey, son of Tancred de Hauteville,
170; leads Normans in support of Gisulf,
173; death of, ib.
Humphrey de Vetulis of Beaumont, founds
monastery of Préaux, 491
Hungary, Pope Leo IX and, 25, 29;
Gregory VII claims authority over, 85,
90; its relations with Henry IV, 113, 133;
Henry V and, 155, 165; dispute as to
succession in, 345, 352; relations with
Frederick I, 388 sq. ; 115, 160, 667; Kings
of, see Andrew, Béla, Géza, Koloman,
Ladislas, Salomo, Stephen
Huntingdon, town, 503, 531, 583; besieged,
571 ; honour of, 536, 543, 556; earldom
of, 567, 571; earls of, see David, Henry,
Malcolm IV, Simon de Sentliz
Huntingdonshire, 483
Husain ibn 'Ubaidallāh, Ikhshid governor
of Syria, 248
Hyacinth, cardinal, see Celestine III,
Pope
Hythe, borough, 538; castle of, 558
Innocent I, Pope, and celibacy, 11
Innocent II, Pope (Gregory Papareschi),
election of, 363; opposed by Anacletus, ib. ;
flees to France, ib. ; supported by France,
England, and Lothar III, ib. ; his contest
with Anacletus, 364 sqq. ; relations with
Lothar, 342 sq. , 367, 392; and Louis VII,
605 sq. ; taken prisoner by Roger II, 187
sq. , 368; England and, 542; his division
of Sardinia and Corsica between Pisa and
Genoa, 227; and abbey of St Maximin,
350; and Rule of St Augustine, 679; death
of, 370; 186, 383, 477
Innocent III, Pope (Lotario de Conti), 111,
322, 324; on Henry VI, 468, 471, 477; on
monastic reform, 685; proclaims Fourth
Crusade, 314
Innocent IV, Pope (Sinibaldo de' Fieschi),
321; forms the first “Missionary Society,"
325; relaxes monastic discipline, 686; his
Summa of the Decretals, 742
Innocent VIII, Pope, attempts at monastic
reform, 695
In Trullo, Council, canons of, 11, 708
Ipswich, 483, 538, 551
Ireland, 554 note; Henry II and, 555,565 sq. ;
schools in, 770; knowledge of Greek in,
785; monasticism in, 677
Irene, daughter of Isaac Angelus, marries
Roger, son of Tancred, 202; marries Philip
of Hohenstaufen, 473, 479; 471
Irford, nunnery, 681
Irish Channel, 504
Irnerius, the glossator of Bologna, his
work on the Digest, 735; his glosses,
737 sq.
Ibn al-athir, Arab historian, 257 note
Ibn al-Hawwās, Muslim emir in Sicily, 176
sq.
Ibn ath-Thimnah, Muslim emir in Sicily,
176; death of, 177
Ibn Daghfal, Arab chief, 249, 253 sqq.
Ibn Rushd, see Averroes
Ibn Sinā, see Avicenna
Ibrāhim ibn Aghlab, becomes independent
ruler of Tunis, 242
Iconium, 286 sq. , 412
Idris ibn 'Abdallāh, establishes a Shiʻite
Caliphate in Morocco, 242
Idrisi, Arab geographer, at court of Roger II,
207
Ikhshid, ruler of Egypt, 245; his death, ib.
Ikhshid dynasty, 245, 259
Il-Ghāzi, defeats Roger of Antioch, 301 sq.
Ilow, Wendish fortress, 397 sq. , 400
Imād-ad-Din Zangi, see Zangi
Imitatio Christi, the, 694
Inde, river, 659
Indulgences, their origin, 323; and the Cru-
sades, 323; as a source of revenue, 323 sq.
Ingelheim, synod at (948), 9; diet at (1105),
condemns Henry IV, 150; 151
Isaac Angelus, Eastern Emperor, alliance
with Tancred of Sicily, 202, 470; and
crusade of Frederick I, 411; and Henry VI,
473; deposed, 473, 479
Isaac Comnenus, rebel Emperor, 199
Isabella, sister of Baldwin IV of Jerusalem,
309; marries Henfrid IV of Toron, ib. ;
divorces him and marries Conrad of
Montferrat, 311; marries Henry of Cham-
pagne, ib. ; marries Amaury de Lusignan,
314
Isar, river, 400
Isidore, bishop of Seville, 710
Iskanderūn (Alexandretta), captured by
Tancred, 289
Islām, Chaps. VI, VII, VIII, IX; development
of empire of, 242; national rivalries under,
ib. ; disintegration of caliphate, 243
Isleworth, manor of, 507
Ismā'il, of Damascus, treaty of Franks with,
315
Ismā'ilian sect of Shi'ites, 244 sqq. ; Hākim
and, 253
Istria, 28
Italy, Chaps. II, IV, V, XI, XIII, XIV; growth
of communes, 361; reaction of Second
Crusade on, 375 sq. ; 492, 517; Roman
law in, 729 sqq. ; legal study in, 732 sqq. ;
the glossators, 736 sqq. ; the commen-
## p. 976 (#1022) ###########################################
976
Index
tators, 738 sq. ; influence of humanism,
741; schools of rhetoric in, 766; Cistercians
in, 677; see also Cities, Italian
Italy, South, its conquest by the Normans,
Chap. Iv; condition of Byzantine Italy,
168; wretched condition of, during Norman
conquest, 172; fall of Byzantine power in,
176
Itineraria, medieval, 326 sq.
Ivo, bishop of Chartres, his view of Urban
II's policy, 88 sq. ; his standpoint, 96,
106; his attitude to Paschal II's surrender,
103 note; and the dispute between Anselm
and Henry I, 532; and Louis VI, 597;
his collection of canons, 712; and Abe.
lard, 800; and Austin Canons, 679
Ivry, 603
Jabal Ansariyah, tribes of the, 257, 260
Jabalah, an advanced post of the Greek
Empire, 249
Jacobus, the glossator, 737
Jacques de Vitry, bishop of Acre, on clergy
of Syria, 313
Ja'far ibn Fallāh, Fátimite general, invades
Syria, 248 sq.
Jaffa, submits to Godfrey of Bouillon, 300;
recovered by Richard I, 311; 295, 313,
316; captured by Baibars, 317
Jaffa and Ascalon, county of the kingdom
of Jerusalem, 302
James of Venice, his translation of the
Organon, 808
Janāḥ-ad-Daulah Husain, emir of Himş,
264
Jaromir (Gebhard), brother of Duke Břati.
slav, made bishop of Prague, 4; his quarrel
with bishop of Olmütz, ib. ; settlement of
quarrel by Gregory VII, 60
Jauhar ar-Rūmi, Fātimite general, conquers
Egypt, 247; in Syria, 248
Jawāli ibn Abaq, Turkish leader in Syria,
ecclesiastical hierarchy of, 313; position
of, under Frederick II, 316; end of, 319;
Kings of, see Amaury, Baldwin, Conrad,
Conradin, Frederick, Fulk, Godfrey, Guy,
Henry, Hugh, John
Jesi, birth of Frederick II at, 472
Jews, privileges of, in German towns, 120;
persecuted by crusaders, 147 sq. , 276 sq. ,
353; work of, in philosophy, 817
Joachim, see Gioacchino
Joan (Joanna), daughter of Henry II of
England, marries William II of Sicily,
198; Richard I's intervention in favour of,
201, 462; 456
Joannes Teutonicus, the canonist, 742
Johannes, the glossator, 737
John VIII, Pope, and war against Muslims,
268; accepts the canons of the Council
in Trullo, 708
John X, Pope, and war against Muslims,
268
John XII, Pope, and monastery of Farfa, 5
John XIX, Pope (Romanus), papacy of, 17 sq. ;
a tool of Conrad II, 18
John XXII, Pope, his Decretals, 714; and
Grandmont, 669
John I Tzimisces, Eastern Emperor, invades
Syria, 249
John II Comnenus, Eastern Emperor, sent
as hostage to the crusaders, 281; embassy
from Roger II to, 188; sends ambassadors
to Lothar III, 345
John I, King of Castile, 695
John de Brienne, King of Jerusalem, 314;
his attack on Damietta, ib. ; Frederick II
and, 314; 472
John, King of England, son of Henry II, in
Ireland, 566; 467, 572
John, cardinal-priest, legate to Milan, 48
John of Gaeta, see Gelasius II, Pope
John Mincius, cardinal-bishop of Velletri
(anti-Pope Benedict X), election of, 35;
deposition of, 36; 37, 174 sq.
John, archbishop of Trèves, 459
John Gualbert, St, bishop of Florence, founds
Vallombrosa, 668
John, bishop of Lisieux, regent and treasurer
in Normandy, 533
John, bishop of Malta, one of Council of Ten
in Sicily, 197
John, first bishop of Olmütz, 4; his conflict
with bishop of Prague, ib. ; settled by
Gregory VII, 60
John of Oxford, bishop of Norwich, 563
John, bishop of Sabina (anti-Pope Sylvester
III), election of, 19; deposition of, 22
John of Salisbury, bishop of Chartres, 553;
on riots at Rheims, 638; his Polycraticus,
757; his writings, 805 sqq.
John, abbot of Struma (anti-Pope Calixtus
III), election as Calixtus III, 443 sq. ; 448;
surrenders, 450
John of Antioch, his Nomokaváv, 720
John de Burgh, 767
John Crescentius, see Crescentius, John
261 sq.
Jedburgh, castle of, 571
Jerusalem, destruction of Holy Sepulchre at,
by Hākim, 264, 268 sq. ; church restored,
256 sq. ; captured by Turks, 260, 262,
269; recovered by Afdal for the Fātimites,
264; devotion to, among Christians, 269
sqq. ; pilgrimages to, ib. , 492; siege and
capture of, by crusaders, 295, 298; 302,
304 sqq. ; captured by Saladin, 310, 409,
459, 572; 311 sq. ; ceded to Frederick II,
314; re-ceded to Latins, 315; captured by
the Khwărazmians, 315; 103, 147, 353;
Latin Patriarchs of, see Daimbert, Stephen
Jerusalem, Latin kingdom of, Chap. viii; its
foundation, 296, 300; extent of, 301;
relation of fiefs to, 302; the baronies of,
302; Assises of Jerusalem, 303 sq. ; incom-
pleteness of the conquest, 306; factions after
death of Amaury, 309 sq. ; fall of the king-
dom, 310, 409, 459; the Third Crusade, 310
sqq. ; position of, after Third Crusade, 312;
social life in, 312 sq. , commerce in, ib. ;
## p. 977 (#1023) ###########################################
977
Karboghā of Mosul, attacks crusaders, 292
sq. ; his defeat, 293; numbers of his army,
297 sq.
Kelso, abbey, 678
Kempen, monastery, 694
Kent, 503 sq. ; earldom of, 519; revolt in,
521; 525; sheriff of, 561, 582; earl of,
see Odo of Bayeux
Kerkinna, captured by Roger II, 189
Khalaf ibn Mulā'ib, 264
Khalil, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, captures
Acre, 319
Kharput. Baldwin II a prisoner at, 305
Khumárawaih, see Abu'l-jaish Khumārawaih
Khusrau, see Nasir-i-Khusrau
Khwārazmian Turks, capture Jerusalem, 315
Kilian, bishop of Sutri, 25
Killiz, captured by Greeks, 250
Kilwardby, Robert, archbishop of Canter-
bury, his opposition to Aquinas, 823
Kindi, Arabic philosopher, 812, 815
Kingston (on Thames), 501
Kinnard Ferry, castle at, 570
Kipchak, bishopric founded in the, 326
Kirkby Malzeard, castle of, 571
Kirkstead, abbey, 677
Knaresborough, 683
Knights of Alcántara, 683
Knights of Avis, 683
Knights of Calatrava, 333, 682
Knights of Christ, 683
Knights of the Holy Ghost, 306
Knights of Montesa, 683
Knights of St John of Jerusalem (Hospital-
lers), foundation of, 305 sq. , 682; growth
of their power, 306; support Guy de
Lusignan, 309; rivalry with Knights
Templars, 315 sq. ; their defence of Rhodes,
Cyprus, and Malta, 332
Knights of St Thomas of Acre, 306
Knights of Santiago, 683
Knights of the Sword, in Livonia, 332 sq.
Knights Templars, foundation of, 305 sq. ;
growth of their power, 306; support Guy
de Lusignan, 309; rivalry with Knights of
St John, 315 sq. ; 682, 696
Knights, Teutonic, see Teutonic Knights
Knights of the Wing of St Michael, 683
Knut, King of England, favours family of
Godwin, 482
Königsberg, foundation of, 333
Koloman, King of Hungary, seeks aid of
Roger I of Sicily, 183; his reception of
crusaders, 275; his hostility to later bands
of crusaders, 277; his relations with God.
frey of Bouillon, 281
Kornelimünster, abbey of, 659
Krak des Chevaliers, castle of, 312
Kreuzburg, Conrad III faces Henry the
Proud at, 347
Kulm, battle of, 336 sq. , 352
Kuttenberg, 352
Kyme, family of, 569
La Bresse, 616
Index
John of Damascus, 805
John Ducas, Greek leader against William I
of Sicily, 192
John of Faenza, the canonist, 742
John of Ibelin, jurisconsult of Cyprus, 303,
304, 315
John of Maffa, St, 683
John of Matera, hermit, 688
John the Scot, Eriugena, 784 sq. ; his philo-
sophy, 785 sqq.
John the Spaniard, translates Avencebrol,
817
Jordan, river, Emperor John's invasion of
valley of, 249; 301, 304, 315
Jordan, prince of Capua, relations with
Gregory VII, 77, 86, 180; rebels against
Guiscard, 180
Jordan, cardinal of Santa Susanna, sent by
Eugenius III as legate to Germany, 379
Jordan Pierleoni, leads revolution in Rome,
369; made “ Patrician," 370
Joscelin I of Courtenay, count of Edessa,
301; his power, 307
Joscelin II, count of Edessa, 301; feebleness
of his rule, 307; loses Edessa, ib.
Joscelin de Balliol, see Balliol
Joscelin, bishop of Salisbury, and Becket,
563 sq.
Joscelin, Norman noble, revolts against
Robert Guiscard, 176
Juan Garcia el Hispano, the jurist, 748
Jubail (Byblus), 264
Judith, daughter of Henry III, her marriage
with Salomo of Hungary, 113; 133
Judith, daughter of Henry the Black, mother
of Frederick Barbarossa, 153, 381
Judith, wife of Richard II of Normandy,
484, 490
Judith, niece of William I, wife of Waltheof,
518
Julian, the Emperor, his philosophy, 782
Jumièges, monastery at, 486, 491; abbot of,
493, 686
Justiciar, the, his position in Henry II's
reign, 574 sqq.
Justinian, the Emperor, Chap. xxı; and
presentation to benefices, 7; his codifica-
tion of laws, its influence on East and
West, 222, 704; juristic study of, 717 sqq.
Kachatur, Armenian governor of Antioch,
261
Kāfür, Abu'l-mish, his rule in Egypt, 245
sqq.
Kaina, trial of Henry the Lion at, 405
Kaiserswerth, Henry IV abducted at, 44,
115, 129
Kamāl-ad-Din, historian, on treaty between
Greeks and Muslims, 247 note; 250 note,
255 note
Kāmil, Sultan of Egypt, 314 sq.
Kappel, village near Hersfeld, 131
Karak, castle of, 312
Karak and Montreal, lordship of the king-
dom of Jerusalem, 302
C. MED. H. VOL. V.
62
## p. 978 (#1024) ###########################################
978
Index
La Cava, monastic order of, 668
La Chaise-Dieu, abbey, 669
La Charité-sur-Loire, monastery, 664
La Cuba, palace of, 206
Lacy family, fiefs of, 511
Lacy, Hugh de, justiciar of Ireland, 566
Lacy, John de, supports Henry II, 568
Lacy, Roger de, rebels against William II,
521, 523
Ladislas I, King of Hungary, hostile to
Henry IV, 139; married to a daughter of
Rudolf, ib.
La Ferté-Alais, castle of, 593, 596
La Ferté-Hauterive, monastery, 664
La Ferté-sur-Grosne, Cistercian abbey, 672,
674, 676
La Flèche, 518; lord of, 527, 529 sq. ; see
Hélie
Lagny-sur-Marne, council at, 606
L'Aigle, in Normandy, 531; see also Richer
La Marche, county of, 615, 627
Lancashire, 507, 541; sheriff of, 571
Lancaster, town, 530, 549
Lancaster, honour of, 530, 537, 541
Lancegesil, 771
Lancelin of Bulles, 597, 602
Landoin of Lucca, abbot of the Grande-
Chartreuse, 669
Landolf II, archbishop of Milan, driven out
by people of Milan, 213
Landulf, leader of Pataria at Milan, 40;
excommunicated by archbishop, 41; death
of, 47
Lanfranc, of Pavia, prior of Bec and arch.
bishop of Canterbury, 496; teaches at
Pavia, 733, 779; founds a school at Bec,
ib. ; attacks Berengar, 3, 496, 792;
Alexander II his pupil at Bec, 43; nego-
tiates reconciliation of William the Con-
queror with Papacy, 496; made archbishop
of Canterbury,516; his work as a reformer,
46, 496; his ordinances for monks, 666;
supports William I's ecclesiastical policy,
46, 83 sq. , 496; claims primacy over York,
83, 106, 516; suppresses rebellion in
England, 518; supports William II, 521
sq. ; his death, 522; 757
Langham, in Essex, 527
Langley, birthplace of Hadrian IV, 415
Langres, bishop of, 615
Languedoc, Louis VII and, 612, 616; 82,
627, 650, 680
Lanzo, leads plebeians of Milan, 219
Laodicea (Lātiqiyah), victories of Norman
fleet near, 200; Nicephorus at 247; 329
Laodicea (in Asia Minor), battle of, 608
Laon, commune of, 634 sqq. , 638, 642, 649;
school of, 533; insurrection at, 595, 638;
council at, 598
Laonnais, commune of, 630
La Réole, commune of, 636
Larissa, Bohemond defeated by Alexius
Comnenus at, 182
La Rochelle, commune of, 649
Las Huelgas, nunnery at Burgos, 681
Lateran, Ecumenical Councils held at, ix;
First (1123), 108, 163; Second (1139),
368, 372; Third (1179), viii, xi, 324, 451,
455, 589, 778; Fourth (1215), 323 sq. , 685,
778
Lateran, St John, canons of, 678
Lātiqiyah, see Laodicea
La Torre, monastery, 669
La Trinité-du-Mont, monastery of, 491
Laudabiliter, the bull, 566 note
Lauenburg, 460 sq.
L'Aumône, Cistercian abbey, 676
Laurence of Liège, on the Premonstratensian
Order, 680
Lausanne, Berthold of Zähringen made ad.
vocatus of see of, 390, 399 note
Lauterberg, monastery at, 386
La Voulté-sur-Rhône, monastery, 664
Law, Canon, Chap. xxı; its origins, 704 sq. ;
differences between canon and civil law,
705; Eastern and Western canon law,
705 sq. ; ius antiquum and ius novum, 706
sq. ; formation of ius antiquum, 707 sq. ;
Eastern collections of canons, 708; Western
collections of canons, 708 sq. ; African
collections, 709; Roman collections, ib. ;
in Gaul, ib. ; and Spain, 710; and England,
ib. ; Papacy and, x; the False Decretals,
x, 16, 25, 53, 111, 710 sqq. ; later col.
lections, 712; Gratian's Decretum, see
Gratian; the corpus iuris canonici, 713 sq. ;
influence on Lombard laws, 731; in Italy,
741 sqq. ; in Spain, 743 sqq. ; in France,
748 sqq. ; in Germany, 752 sqq. ; in
Switzerland, 755; in the Netherlands, 755
sq. ; in England, 756 sqq. ; "inner” history
of, 762 sqq. ; 10, 14, 16, 22, 25 sq. , 29 sqq.
Law, Roman (Civil), Chap. xxı; its origin
and evolution, 698 sqq. ; ius civile and ius
gentium, 700; and the survival of local
laws, 702; provides a mass of legal sources,
ib. , 704; no legal uniformity in Middle
Ages, 703; differences between civil and
canon law, 705; its development after the
fall of the Empire in the West, 720 sqq. ;
the leges barbarorum, 725 sq. ; influence of
feudalism, 728; and nationality, 729; in
Italy, 729 sqq. ; in Spain, 743 sqq. ; in
France, 748 899. ; in Germany, 752 sqq. ;
in Switzerland, 755; in the Netherlands,
755 sq. ; in England, 756 sqq. ; “inner"
history of, 762 sqq.
La Zisa, palace of, 206
Lazise, diploma of Otto II to, 215
Lecce, 173, 176, 202, 464, 471; count of, see
Tancred
Leger, St, bishop of Autun, 771
Leges Henrici, 535, 589
Legnano, battle of (1176), 395 sq. , 409, 446 sq.
Le Houlme, 526
Leicester, town, 538, 551; castle of, 568;
siege of, 569; 570; abbey of, 690; earls of,
see Beaumont
Leicestershire, 549, 583
Leidrad, a schoolmaster, 772
## p. 979 (#1025) ###########################################
Index
979
Leinster, 565; King of, see Dermot
Leitha, river, Géza II defeats Germans on,
352
Le Mans, 495; popular rising against William
of Normandy in, 517; captured by William
II, 527; 540
Leo I, Pope, and celibacy, 12; and candidates
for priesthood, 768 sq.
Leo IV, Pope, and war against Muslims,
268
Leo VIII, Pope, his (forged) privilege to Otto
the Great, used by Henry V, 101
Leo IX, Pope (Bruno of Toul), early life and
papacy of, vii sqq. , 23 sqq. ; councils of, 25;
and simony, 25 sq. ; and France, 26 sq. ;
war against Normans, 27 sq. , 172 sq. ; cap-
tivity of, 28; death of, 29; character of his
rule, 29 sqq. ; 32 sqq. , 46, 49, 52, 58,173 sq.
Leo III the Isaurian, Eastern Emperor,
his 'Eklorý, 717 sq. ; 731
Leo VI the Philosopher, Eastern Emperor,
revision of the Civil Law, 718 sq.
Leo, King of Little Armenia, and Henry VI,
473
Leo, bishop of Vercelli, 15
Leo, abbot of Farfa, 5
Leo de Benedicto Christiano, 35, 43
Leo de Monumento, Roman Senator, 459
Leofric, bishop of Exeter, and schools, 776
Leofwin, brother of Harold, killed at
Hastings, 501
Leon, laws of, 747 sq.
efforts to enforce obedience in North Italy,
63 sqq. ; plans for crusade, 63, 147, 268,
271; conflict with Henry IV begins, 64,
134; ultimatum to Henry IV, 65 sq. , 135;
imprisoned by Cencius, 66; Henry's attack
on, 66 sq. , 135; excommunicates Henry,
67, 135; his justification, 67; goes north
to preside over council at Augsburg, 69;
absolves Henry at Canossa, 69 sqq. , 136 sq. ;
returns to Rome, 71; sends legates to diet
at Forchheim, 71; his neutrality on elec-
tion of Rudolf of Swabia, 71 sq. , 140; dis-
satisfaction of both kings with, 72; legisla-
tion of (1078-9), 72 sq. ; excommunicates
and deposes Henry IV (1080), 74 sq. , 141;
effect of sentence, 75 sq. ; deposed by
council of Brixen, 76, 141; seeks aid from
Normans, 76; relations with Normans,
76 sq. , 178 sqq. , 193; alliance with Robert
Guiscard, 77, 181; Romans begin to fail
him, 78; Henry IV victorious over, 79;
rescued by Robert Guiscard, 79; death of,
at Salerno, 80; summary of his work, 80;
his extreme claims the result of opposition,
81; his relations with France, 81 sqq. ;
with England, 84 sq. , 497,516; with other
countries, 85, 133; results of his policy,
85; position of his supporters at his death,
86; Cluny and, 665; and schools, 777 sq. ;
4, 13 note, 109 sqq. , 130, 143, 151 sq. , 391
Gregory VIII, anti-Pope, see Bourdin
Gregory VIII, Pope (Albert of Morra), 409,
458 sq. ; death of, 459
Gregory IX, Pope, and Aristotle, 818; issues
his Decretals, 713 sq. , 748; and the reform
of the Benedictine Order, 686; and the
Celestines, 688; and Frederick II's crusade,
314
Gregory XI, Pope, approves Order of Corpus
Christi, 692
Gregory XII, Pope, and abbey of Santa
Giustina, 693
Gregory XIII, Pope, issues official edition of
the Corpus iuris canonici, 714, 742
Gregory Papareschi, see Innocent II, Pope
Gregory, rival of Benedict VIII, 15
Gregory, naval prefect under Otto III, 14 sq.
Grimoald, King of the Lombards, and
Lombard law, 730
Grimoald of Bari, rebels against Roger II,
186
Groby, castle, 568 sq.
Groenendael, monastery, 694
Groot, Gerhard, of Deventer, mystic, 694
Grosmont, monastery, 669
Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln, his
translations from Greek, 331, 812 sqq.
Gruffydd ap Cynan, prince of North Wales
(Gwynedd), 525
Guaimar IV, prince of Salerno, obtains aid
from Normans, 168 sq. ; death of, 169
Guaimar V, prince of Salerno, succeeds to
principality, 169; joined by Rainulf, 170;
chosen as leader by Normans, 171; de-
784 sq.
Gozzolini, Silvestro, 688
Grado, patriarch of, rights of, 18, 28
Grand Assize, see Assize of Windsor
Grande-Chartreuse, monastery of, 669 sq.
Grandmont, monastic order of, 668 sq.
Gratian, John, see Gregory VI, Pope
Gratian, canon-lawyer, his Decretum, 73,
706 sq. , 712 sqq. ; 711; teaches canon law
at Bologna, 742
Gravina, 176; concordat of, between Tancred
and Celestine III, 202, 465
Gregory I the Great, St, Pope, Gregory VII
and, 53 sq. , 72; 711
Gregory II, Pope, 711
Gregory IV, Pope, and war against Muslims,
268; 13 note
Gregory V, Pope, 22
Gregory VI, Pope (John Gratian), papacy of,
19; deposition and death of, 21; 22 sqq. ,
52, 69
Gregory VII, Pope (Hildebrand), ix sq. , xii;
Chaps. II, III; early life of, 19, 24 sq. ,
32 sqq. , 36 sqq. , 41, 49,51 sqq. , 174; elected
Pope, 51; his character and policy, 53 sqq. ;
situation of Papacy on his accession, 58 sq. ;
reconciliation with Henry IV, 59 sq. ; and
church reform, 60 sqq. ; reduces Siegfried,
archbishop of Mayence, to obedience, 60 sq. ;
relations with German episcopate, 53, 61 ;
## p. 970 (#1016) ###########################################
970
Index
Guy of Rochefort, 597, 602
Guzance, nunnery,
681
Gwynedd (North Wales), 525, 556 sq. ;
princes of, see Gruffydd, Owen
Gyrth, brother of Harold, killed at Hastings,
501
Gytha, mother of Harold, holds out against
William, 503
prived of Capua by Henry III, 172; murder
of, 173
Gualbert, St John, see John Gualbert
Guarino, bishop of Modena, and celibacy,
14
Guastalla, council of (1106), 101
Guibert of Nogent, on Thomas of Marle,
593
Guibert (anti-Pope Clement III), archbishop
of Ravenna, and the pa pal election decree,
37, 42; submits to Alexander II, 60; again
proclaims independence of his see, 64;
elected Pope at Brixen, 75 sq. , 141 sq. ;
his character, 76; enthroned as Clement
III, 79; expelled from Rome, 91; his
attitude on re-ordination, 93; and election
of Paschal II, 96; death of, 94, 96 sq. , 149;
87, 90, 143, 145, 182, 526
Guibert, chronicler, his report of Urban II's
speech at Clermont, 265
Guidi, counts, wars with Florence, 224
Guido of Crema (anti-Pope Paschal III),
elected Pope, 394 sq. , 438; canonises
Charlemagne, 439; at Viterbo, 440; at
Rome, 441; death of, 443; 397
Guido, cardinal, protects Arnold of Brescia,
372
Guido, archbishop of Milan, 28, 33, 39 sqq. ;
summoned to Rome, 42; conflict with
Pataria, 47 sq. ; resigns, but returns, 48;
death of, 48; 219
Guido, bishop of Arezzo, and simony, 26
Guido, son of the count of Biandrate,
nominated by Frederick I as archbishop
of Ravenna, 429
Guienne, communes in, 627, 650
Guifred of Cerdagne, archbishopof Narbonne,
10
Guigues du Châtel, prior of the Grande-
Chartreuse, 669 sq.
Guiscard, Robert, see Robert Guiscard
Guisnes, county of, 548; see also Vere
Gulielmus, a Pavese lawyer, 733
Guncelin of Hagen, count of Schwerin, and
the Wends, 398; aids Henry the Lion,
406
Gundisalvi, Dominic, translator and philo-
sopher, 811, 817
Gundobad, King of the Burgundians, his
Lex Gundobada, 722, 726; his Lex Romana
Burgundionum, 722
Gunther, archbishop of Cologne, 13
Guy de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem and
Cyprus, marries Sibylla, sister of Baldwin
IV, 309; his rule in Jerusalem, 310;
captured by Saladin, ib. ; besieges Acre,
ib. ; his rivalry with Conrad of Montferrat,
310 sq. ; receives Cyprus from Richard I,
311
Guy, archbishop of Rheims, 26
Guy, archbishop of Vienne, see Calixtus II,
Pope
Guy, count of Flanders, 404 note
Guy of Burgundy, and William I of
Normandy, 493
Hadrian I, Pope, his collection of canons
(Dionysio-Hadriana), 709; his (forged)
privilege to Charles the Great, 101
Hadrian IV, Pope (Nicholas Breakspear),
his accession and character, 415 sq. ; rela.
tions with Arnold of Brescia, 415 sq. ;
places Rome under interdict, 416; rela-
tions with William I of Sicily, 192 sq. ,
416 sq. ; signs treaty of Benevento with
Normans, 193; mediates between Manuel
VII and William I, 194; his alliance with
Normans against the Empire, ib. ; sends
an embassy to Frederick I, 418; meets
Frederick I, 419 sq. ; crowns Frederick,
421; his critical position in 1155, 423;
his war against William of Sicily, ib. ;
defeated and forced to make peace, 424;
his estrangement from Frederick I, ib. ;
quarrel over beneficia, xii, 109, 390 sq. ,
425 sq. ; disputes renewed, 429 sq. ; tries
to form league against Frederick, 430;
death of, 430; approves Rule of Order of
Grammont, 668; 111, 477, 805
Hadrianople, 411
Hainault, 410
Hākim, Fātimite Caliph, 252 sqq. ; his
character, 253; damages the Holy Sepul-
chre, 257
Halberstadt, seeof, dispute between Frederick
I and Henry the Lion as to, 403; captured
by Henry, 405; 344
Haldensleben, 401, 405 sq.
Halinard, archbishop of Lyons, reforms of,
10; proposed as Pope, 23
Halle, sack of, by Lothar III, 340
Halmyrus, see Almira
Halrefeld, Henry the Lion's victory at, 406
Hamāh, in Syria, 247, 249, 256, 261, 306, 315
Hamdān, Arab house of, 245 sqq. , 250 sq. ,
Hampshire, 581
Hanover, 460
Hanseatic League, alliance with Teutonic
Order, 333
Harbottle, castle, 570
Harding, Stephen, abbot of Cîteaux, 672 sqq. ,
681
Hārim, raiders from, defeated by crusaders,
290; capture of, ib. ; 247, 257
Harmenopulus, Constantinus, an Eastern
jurist, 719
Harold, King of England, his election, 481;
its justification, 482; his fear of William
of Normandy, 482 sq. ;
marries Ealdgyth,
497 ; defeats Harold Hardrada, 499; de-
feated and killed at Hastings, 500 sq.
254 sq.
## p. 971 (#1017) ###########################################
Index
971
Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, invades
England, 499; defeated and slain, ib.
Harold, brother of Canute of Schleswig,
344
Harrān, 263; Bohemond defeated at, 301
Harrow, manor of, 507
Hartwig, archbishop of Bremen, and Henry
the Lion, 356, 401, 460; deprived of regalia
by Frederick I, 393; Wendish bishoprics
and, 356, 399; death of, 401
Hartwig, archbishop of Magdeburg, at battle
of Pleichfeld, 144; relations with Henry
IV, 145
Hartwig, bishop of Ratisbon, and Frederick
I, 393
Hārūn ibn Khān, first Seljūg to gain footing
in Syria, 260
Harzburg, castle, Magnus confined in, 129;
Henry IV at, 131; destruction of, 132 sq.
Hasan, Zairid prince of Mahdiyah, and
Roger II, 189
Hasan al-'asam (Hasan al-a-sham), Qarma-
tian leader, 248
Hasan al-yāzūrī, minister of Mustanşir, 259
Hasan ibn 'Ammār, Fățimite governor in
Syria, 252
Hasan ibn Jaʼfar, sharif of Mecca, 253
Hassān, son of Mufarrij ibn Daghfal, 255
Hastings, battle of, 500 sq. ; 577
Haughley, castle, 569
Hauteville, in Normandy, 170, 493; house
of Hauteville, Chap. IV passim
Headda, schooling of, 771
Hébert, count, gives a charter to St Quentin,
626
Hélie, lord of la Flèche, in Maine, 527; re-
established as count of Maine, 529; and
Henry I, 530
Helmold, chronicler, on Henry the Lion and
the Wends, 399
Helmold of Schwerin, 460
Henfrid IV of Toron, marries Isabella, sister
of Baldwin IV, 309; refuses kingship,
310; divorced by Isabella, 311
Henry II, Western Emperor, ecclesiastical
policy of, 15 sqq. , 22; and South Italy,
168 sq. ; receives collective fealty from
Lombard towns, 214, 216; his grant to
Savona, 217
Henry III, Western Emperor, succeeds Con-
rad II, 19; ecclesiastical policy of, vii, 3, 14,
17 sqq. ; and Gregory VI, 21; his second
marriage, 21; in Italy (1054-5), 31; death
of, 31, 112; 26, 28, 32, 39 sq. ,52,59, 69, 83,
85, 109, 114, 118, 127, 152, 172, 345, 366,
394
Henry IV, Western Emperor, Chaps. II,
III; minority of, vii, xii, 31, 37, 39, 42,
44, 112 sqq. ; end of regency, 115; forced
to dismiss Adalbert, 116; personal govern-
ment begins, 116; marriage to Bertha of
Turin, ib. ; attempts to divorce her, 34,
117; his policy, 125 sq. ; his statesmanship
and character, 126; breach with Pope
Alexander II, 49, 59, 130; relations with
Poland, 130; and Saxony, xvii, 128 sqq. ;
Saxon revolt of 1073, 60, 130 sqq. ; his
reconciliation with Gregory VII, 59 sq. ,
131; and the treaty of Gerstungen, 132;
relations with Hungary, 133; defeats
Saxons on the Unstrut, 62, 64, 133 sq. ;
his harsh treatment of the Saxons, 134;
his challenge to the Pope over Milan, xii,
64 sq. , 130, 134; holds Council of Worms
(Jan. 1076), 66 sq. ; excommunicated, 67,
135 sq. ; effects of excommunication, 68,
135; and diet of Tribur, 68 sq. , 136 sq. ;
at Canossa, 69 sq. , 137; success of Henry's
plan, 71, 137; position in Germany on
coronation of Rudolf, 139; relations with
Pope, 72, 74, 139; his appointment of
dukes, 140; his diplomacy, 140 sq. ; second
excommunication of, in 1080, 74 sq. , 141;
council of Brixen deposes Gregory VII, and
sets up anti-Pope, 75, 141; expeditions to
Italy, 78, 142; captures Leonine city, 78;
captures Rome, 79; crowned Emperor by
anti-Pope, 79, 142; establishes his hold
in Germany, 143; proclaims the Peace of
God, ib. ; forced to leave Saxony again, 144;
end of Saxon revolt, ib. ; climax of his
power, 145; his second marriage, ib. ;
second campaign in Italy, 91, 146; revolt
of Conrad and Praxedis, ib. ; and First
Crusade, 147 sq. , 273; peace in Germany
(1098), 148; Henry V elected as his suc-
cessor, ib. ; Paschal II and, 97, 149; revolt
of Henry V, 97 sq. , 149 sqq. ; captured and
deposed by Henry V, 150 sq. ; escapes, 151;
death of, ib. ; character of his reign, 151
sq. ; his grant to Pisa, 220 note; 109 sq. ,
154, 158, 166, 179 sq. , 182 sq. , 665
Henry V, Western Emperor, Chaps. II, III;
elected as successor to Henry IV, 148;
revolts against Henry IV, 97 sq. , 149 sqq. ;
captures and imprisons Henry IV, 150 sq. ;
character of, 154; his forced reliance on
the nobles, 155; relations with Paschal II,
86,96 sqq. ,100 sqq. ,155 sq. ; German policy
of, 156 sqq. ; marries Matilda, daughter of
Henry I, 159, 604; conflict with Adalbert
of Mayence, 104, 158 sqq. ; revolt of 1115
against, 159; second expedition to Italy,
104 sq. , 160 sq. ; excommunicated by
Gelasius II, 105 sq. , 161; relations with
Calixtus II, 106 sqq. , 161 sqq. ; and the Diet
of Würzburg (1121), 162; and the Concordat
of Worms,107 sq. , 163; results of his struggle
with Papacy, 163 sq. ; his position in Ger-
many, ib. ; relations with Lotharof Saxony,
164; relations with Bohemia, Hungary,
and Poland, 113, 165; last years and death,
165 sq. , 334; his character and policy,
166; his diplomas to Italian communes,
231; 104, 117, 121, 125 sq. , 161
Henry VI, Western Emperor, Chap. XIV;
his character, 454, 479 sq. ; crowned King
of Germany, 407; and of Italy, 408, 457;
his marriage with Constance of Sicily, 408,
453, 456 sq. ; regent in Germany during
## p. 972 (#1018) ###########################################
972
Index
absences of Frederick I, 407 sq. , 410, Henry VIII, King of England, 696
459 sq. ; his first Italian expedition, 202, Henry I, King of France, and Leo IX, 26 sq. ;
462 sqq. ; crowned Emperor, 464; fails helped by Robert I of Normandy, 490 sq. ;
to defeat Tancred, 201 sq. , 464; difficulties helps William of Normandy, 493; attacks
in Germany, 465 sqq. ; his ecclesiastical William but is defeated, 494
appointments, 466; imprisons Richard I, Henry, King of the Romans, son of Conrad
467; general revolt against, ib. ; his skil III, elected, 353, 375; defeats Welf VI, 357,
ful policy, 467 sq. ; Philip Augustus and, 378; death of, 379, 381
467 sqq. ; his second expedition to Sicily, Henry, King, son of Henry II of England,
203, 470 sqq. ; crowned at Palermo, 471; 555; crowned, 563; his position, 566 sq. ;
his settlement of Sicily, 471 sq. ; extent of rebels, 567 sqq. , 614; his rebellion sap-
his empire, 472 sq. ; relations with Eastern pressed, 571; betrothed to Margaret,
Empire, 473; takes the Cross, 473 sq. ; daughter of Louis VII, 611; married, 612;
his plans to make the kingship hereditary, does homage to Louis VII for Normandy,
474 sqq. ; relations with Papacy, ib. , 613; death of, 572
463; preparations for the crusade, 478 sq. ; Henry, King of Jerusalem, count of Cham-
rebellion in Sicily, 479; his power, xii sqq. ; pagne, succeeds Conrad of Montferrat, 311;
his death, 479
death of, 313
Henry I, King of England, Chap. xvi; rela Henry de Lusignan, King of Cyprus, attempts
tions with William II and Robert, 523 sq. ; to restore union among Christians at Acre,
reconciliation of William with, 527; his 318
reign, 527 sqq. ; his coronation, 528; his Henry, cardinal-bishop of Albano, helps to
charter of liberties, ib. ; marries Edith, reconcile Frederick I and Philip of Cologne,
529; quells a rebellion, 529 sq. ; invades 409; 410
Normandy, 530; defeats Robert at Tinche Henry of Susa, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, his
brai, 531; his quarrel with Anselm, 99 Summa Aurea, 742; 757
sq. , 531 sq. ; Calixtus II and, 106; his re Henry, cardinal of SS. Nereus and Achilleus,
organisation of the government, 532 sqq. ; sent by Hadrian IV as legate to William I
and Roger of Salisbury, 533 sq. ; his of Sicily, 416
personal activities, 535; dealings with Henry, archbishop of Mayence, objects to
the barons, 535 sqq. , and with the trading election of Frederick I, 381 note; deposed
classes, 537 sqq. ; his victory in Normandy, by Frederick I, 394
539, 602; and the succession, 539 sq. ; his Henry, bishop of Augsburg, his influence on
death, 540; Emperor Henry V and, 159, 165 the regent Agnes, 112
Henry II, King of England, Chap. XVII; Henry, bishop of Minden, removed by Frede-
birth of, 540; visits to England (1142), rick I, 394
549; becomes duke of Normandy, 551; Henry of Wolfratshausen, elected bishop of
marries Eleanor of Aquitaine, ib. ; invades Ratisbon, 340
England, ib. ; makes peace with Stephen, Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester, 542;
552; crowned King of England, ib. ; extent papal legate, 545; and Matilda, 547 sq. ;
of his lands, 554; secures the kingdom, mediates peace of Wallingford, 552
555; his foreign policy, 396 sq. , 402, 406 Henry the Black, duke of Bavaria, son of
sq. , 555 sq. , 608 sqq. ; relations with Wales duke Welf IV of Bavaria, marries Wulfhild,
and Scotland, 556 sq. ; quarrel with Bec 152; succeeds to duchyof Bavaria, ib. , 154;
ket, 159, 397, 558 sqq. , 613; the Constitu 153 sg. ; and the election of Lothar III, 336;
tions of Clarendon and, 559 sqq. ; renewed last days of, 337
quarrel with Becket, 561 sq. ; and the Henry the Proud, duke of Bavaria, 153 sq. ,
council of Northampton, 561; exiles Bec 188; his wealth and power, 337, 345;
ket's kinsfolk, 562; reconciled with Bec marries Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III,
ket, 563 sq. ; and Becket's murder, 564 sq. ; 337; attacks Frederick of Swabia at Zwi-
and Ireland, 565 sq. ; absolved by the falten, 338 sq. ; with Lothar III in Italy,
Pope, 566; and his sons, 566 sqq. ; his 366 sq. ; rebellions in his duchy, 340;
attempt to provide for John, 567; and the opposition to his succession to Lothar,
rebellion of 1173-4, 567 sqq. ; suppresses 346; relations with Conrad III, 346 sqq. ;
the rebellion, 571; relations with French his death, 347; effect of his death, 348
Kings, 571 sq. , 608 sqq. ; his last quarrels Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and
with his sons, 572; his influence on Eng. Bavaria, his minority, 348; receives duchy
lish law, 572 sqq. ; and the Assize of of Saxony, 349; crusade against Wends,
Clarendon, 584; his judicial experiments, 355; his rule in Saxony, 356 sq. , 401;
585 sq. ; and the Grand Assize, 587 sq.
; early relations with Frederick I, 384 sq. ;
and new writs, 589; and financial organi awarded duchy of Bavaria, 385; his
sation, 590; importance of his reign, 591; mediation between Emperor and Pope,
relations with William II of Sicily, 198; 426; assists Emperor in Italy, 428; buys
and Fontevrault, 671; 159, 384, 409
family inheritance in Italy, 386; effect of
Henry V, King of England, 692
his power in Germany, ib. ; relations with
## p. 973 (#1019) ###########################################
Index
973
Henry, count of Montescaglioso, one of
Council of Ten in Sicily, 197
Henry Aristippus, appointed by William I
to succeed Maio, 195; imprisoned, 196;
translates work of Gregory Nazianzen at
Sicilian court, 207
Henry of Brabant, Dominican, his learning,
332
Heraclea, crusaders at, 288
Herard, archbishop of Tours, and schools,
777
Herbert, count of Maine, 495
Herbert, chaplain of Conrad III, 357
Hereford, town, 538, 555, 580; see of, 511
Hereford, earldom of, created by William I,
509, 512, 524; created by Matilda, 548;
earls of, see Fitz Osbern, Miles, Roger
Herefordshire, 503, 521; lost to Stephen,
545
Hereward, his rebellion against William I,
504 sq.
Denmark, 386 sq. ; feud with rival princes
in Saxony, 388; subdues the Wends, 397
sqq. ; and Pomerania, 400; his encourage
ment of commerce, 400; marries Matilda,
daughter of Henry II of England, 397, 402;
goes on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, 402; his
breach with Frederick, 402 sqq. , 443, 445
sq. ; trial and fall of, 404 sq. ; effects of his
fall, 405; tries to obtain foreign aid, 406;
banished, 407; returns from banishment,
409; renewed exile of, 410, 459; returns
to Germany, 460; makes peace with
Henry VI at Fulda, 460 sq. ; again revolts,
465; reconciled with Henry VI, 469; last
years and death of, ib. ; 350, 408
Henry Jasomirgott, duke of Bavaria, later of
Austria, succeeds to margravate of Austria,
349; receives Bavaria, 350; marries Ger-
trude, ib. ; his feud with the bishop of
Ratisbon, 352; takes the Cross, 353; rela-
tions with Frederick I, 384 sq. ; loses
Bavaria, but created duke of Austria, 385;
his privileges, ib. ; 154 note
Henry of Limburg, duke of Lower Lorraine,
aids Henry IV, 151; 338
Henry of Limburg, claims duchy of Lower
Lorraine, 350
Henry, duke of Brabant, 466
Henry, count-palatine of the Rhine, governs
Germany in Henry IV's absence, 121 note,
146; death of, 146
Henry, son of Henry the Lion, handed over
as hostage to Henry VI, 460 sq. ; goes on
Sicilian expedition but escapes, 464;
marries Agnes, cousin of Henry VI, 469
Henry, margrave of the North Mark, 145
Henry of Eilenburg, margrave of the East
Mark (Lusatia), given the margravate of
Meissen, 145; death of, 152 note
Henry, margrave of Meissen and the East
Mark, posthumous son of Henry of Eilen.
burg, 152 note, 164
Henry the Fat, count of Nordheim, son
of Otto of Nordheim, 145; his important
position, 146; marries Gertrude, 145, 152
sq. ; death of, ib. ; Richenza his heiress, 334
Henry II, count of Namur and Luxemburg,
advocatus of the abbey of St Maximin,
350; 411
Henry, count of Groitsch, 339
Henry of Badwide, defeats the Wends, 354
Henry, son of Gottschalk, his rule in Nord-
albingia, 344
Henry of Kalden, marshal of the Empire,
leads troops against Tancred, 462; sup-
presses rising in Sicily, 479
Henry, son of King David of Scotland, earl
of Huntingdon, 543; made earl of North-
umberland by Stephen, 544
Henry, count of Champagne, aids Louis VII,
610, 614; negotiates between Frederick I
and Louis VII, 397, 617 sqq. ; gives a
charter to Meaux, 639
Henry, count of Monte Sant'Angelo, rebels
against Guiscard, 180
Herlogaud, abbot of Saint-Bénigne, 659
Herluin, Norman knight, founds the
monastery of Bec, 491
Herluin of Conteville, marries Arlette, 496
Herman II, archbishop of Cologne, receives
pallium from Leo IX, 34
Herman III, archbishop of Cologne, 145
Herman, bishop of Bamberg, 62, 125 note
Herman, bishopof Hildesheim, his opposition
to Henry the Lion, 401
Herman, bishop of Metz, 66 note; letters
of Gregory VII to, 67 sq. , 75, 78; recon-
ciled with Henry IV, 145; death of, 92
Herman, bishop of Toul, death of, 24
Herman Billung,count, uncle of duke Magnus
of Saxony, his revolt in 1073, 131; won over
by Henry IV, 141
Herman, count of Salm, elected anti-king,
78, 117, 142; his failure and death, 142;
144
Herman, count-palatine of the Rhine, 142
Herman of Stahleck, count-palatine of the
Rhine, his quarrels with Arnold of
Mayence, 387; his punishment and death,
ib.
Herman of Winzenburg, landgrave of
Thuringia, appointed margrave of Meissen,
164; sentenced to loss of his fiefs by
Lothar III, 339 sq. ; a supporter of Albert
the Bear, 347; his inheritance, 384
Herman, landgrave of Thuringia, his oppo-
sition to Henry VI, 465, 467, 475, 477
Herman, nephew of Robert Guiscard, 173,
178, 182
Herman, translator of Aristotle, 813 sq.
Hermann von Salza, Master of the Teutonic
Knights, 332
Herrevad, Cistercian abbey, 677
Hersfeld, Henry IV at monastery of, 131;
Conrad III assembles army at, 347
Hertford, town, 537
Hertford, earldom of, created by Stephen,
548; earls of, see Clare
Hertfordshire, 501, 508, 548
## p. 974 (#1020) ###########################################
974
Index
Hervé, archbishop of Rheims, and synod of
Trosly, 4
Hervé, a Breton, made bishop of Bangor,
525
Hervé of Donzy, 615
Hesse, 158
Heudicourt, 612
Heugo, a Norman, 488
Hiesmois, the, comté, 485; count of, 191 sq. ;
vicomté of, 493, 543
Hilary, bishop of Chichester, 558
Hildebrand, see Gregory VII, Pope
Hilduin, archbishop of Milan, 2
Hilduin, abbot of St Denis, reforms Saint-
Denis, 659
Hillin,archbishop of Trèves, sent by Frederick
I on embassy to Rome, 382; 393
Himerius, bishop of Tarragona, 768
Hims (Emesa), Syrian town, 245, 247, 249
sq. , 252, 255 sq. , 258, 260 sq. , 264, 290,
306; see also Bakjūr, Janāḥ-ad-Daulah
Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims, views on
patronage, 8; on clerical celibacy, 12; and
schools, 777; reforms Saint-Denis, 659
Hincmar, bishop of Laon, and lay ownership
of churches, 8
Hippocrates, translated by William of Moer.
beke, 814
Hirschau, monastery, 143, 663 sq.
Hispana, Spanish collection of canons,
709 sqq.
Hittin, Saladin defeats Guy de Lusignan at,
310, 459
Hoel, duke of Brittany, and William I,
518
Hohen-Mölsen, Rudolf defeats Henry IV at,
141
Hohenstaufen, family of, aim at inde-
pendent power in Swabia, 163 sq. ; struggle
with Lothar III, 337 sq. ; failure of, in
Germany and Italy, 339 sq. ; make peace
with Lothar III, 345; renewed feud with
Welfs, 346 sq. ; alliance with French Kings,
397; temporary breach in alliance, 468 sq. ;
receive Swabian inheritance of Welf VI,
466; 111,140,154, 334; see also Conrad III,
Frederick I, II, Frederick duke of Swabia,
Henry, Otto, Philip
Hoier, count of Mansfeld, 159
Holland, county of, colonists from, 354
Holme, abbey of St Benet of, 576; abbot of,
578
Holstein, missionary work in, 344; 354, 398,
407, 460 sq. , 465; counts of, see Adolf
Holy Cross, abbey at Coimbra, 679
Holy Land, see Palestine and Jerusalem,
kingdom of
Holy Sepulchre, church of, ruined by Hākim,
254; right to restore, given to Eastern Em-
peror, 256; renovation of, 257 sq. ; bull of
Sergius IV on restoration of, 268 sq.
Honorius II, anti-Pope, see Cadalus
Honorius II, Pope, relations with Roger II,
185; supports Lothar, 339, 361; his
difficulties, 362 sqq. ; death of, 342, 363
Honorius III, Pope (Cencio Savelli), and the
Liber Censuum, x sq. ; his Decretals, 713;
condemns John the Scot's De Dirisione
Naturae, 787 sq. ; forbids Roman Law to
be taught in the University of Paris, 751;
and Premonstratensians, 680
Hospitallers, see Knights of St John
Hotman, the jurist, 752
Houdan, castle of, 593, 596
Hovedö, Cistercian abbey, 677
Hubert, abbot of Farfa, 5
Hubert of Sainte-Suzanne, rebels against
William I, 517
Hubert Walter, archbishop of Canterbury,
312, 323, 578
Hubert, papal legate to England, 84
Hugh, King of Italy, and monastic reform,
2, 5, 662
Hugh III, King of Cyprus, his claim to
kingdom of Jerusalem, 317
Hugh, archbishop of Lyons, formerly bishop
of Die, papal legate in France, 82 sq. ,
87 sqq. ; made archbishop, 83, 110; and
Victor III, 87 sq. ; excommunicates Philip I,
94; letter of Urban II to, 95; aids founda-
tion of Cîteaux, 672
Hugh, bishop of Grenoble, and the Car.
thusian Order, 669
Hugh, bishop of Langres, 25 sqq.
Hugh, abbot of Cluny, his rule, 665; and
Gregory VII, 52, 54; at Canossa, 69 sq. ;
39, 87
Hugh, abbot of Farfa, 664
Hugh of Tübingen,count-palatine of Swabia,
leader of German crusaders, 275; death of,
276
Hugh, count-palatine of Tübingen, his feud
with Welf VI, 388
Hugh, vicomte of Avranches, made earl of
Chester, 507; his rent-roll, ib. ; 511 sq. ;
wars in Wales, 525
Hugh, earl of Chester, rebels against Henry
II, 567 sqq.
Hugh, duke of Burgundy (French), leads
French in the Third Crusade, 311
Hugh, count of Troyes, 602
Hugh III, count of Maine, 517
Hugh, count of Vermandois, his part in the
First Crusade, 273, 280
Hugh of St Victor, his philosophy, 800 sqq. ;
his praise of allegory, 803
Hugh de Payen, founder of the Knights
Templars, 305 sq.
Hugh of Crécy, and Louis VI, 596 sq. ; 602
Hugh of Gournay, 536, 543
Hugh of Le Puiset, and Louis VI, 594 sq. ,
597, 602
Hugo Candidus, cardinal, and Gregory VII,
54
Hugo, count of Egisheim, father of Leo IX,
24
Hugo Falcandus, chronicler, 191, 196
Hugo, the glossator, 737
Hugolinus, the glossator, 737
Huguccio, the canonist, 742
## p. 975 (#1021) ###########################################
Index
975
Hull, charterhouse at, 692
Humber, river, 482, 499, 504, 507
Humbert, archbishop of Milan, see Urban III,
Pope
Humbert, of Moyenmoutier, cardinal-bishop
of Silva Candida, 26 sq. ; sent to southern
Italy, 28; legate at Constantinople, 29;
proposed as Pope, 32; legate at Benevento
and Ravenna, 34; and Berengar, 37; death
of, 49, 52; his Liber adversus Symoniacos,
63; 35, 39, 92
Humbert III, count of Maurienne, 442, 567
Humbert, son of Tancred de Hauteville,
170
Humfred, archbishop of Ravenna, 28
Humphrey, son of Tancred de Hauteville,
170; leads Normans in support of Gisulf,
173; death of, ib.
Humphrey de Vetulis of Beaumont, founds
monastery of Préaux, 491
Hungary, Pope Leo IX and, 25, 29;
Gregory VII claims authority over, 85,
90; its relations with Henry IV, 113, 133;
Henry V and, 155, 165; dispute as to
succession in, 345, 352; relations with
Frederick I, 388 sq. ; 115, 160, 667; Kings
of, see Andrew, Béla, Géza, Koloman,
Ladislas, Salomo, Stephen
Huntingdon, town, 503, 531, 583; besieged,
571 ; honour of, 536, 543, 556; earldom
of, 567, 571; earls of, see David, Henry,
Malcolm IV, Simon de Sentliz
Huntingdonshire, 483
Husain ibn 'Ubaidallāh, Ikhshid governor
of Syria, 248
Hyacinth, cardinal, see Celestine III,
Pope
Hythe, borough, 538; castle of, 558
Innocent I, Pope, and celibacy, 11
Innocent II, Pope (Gregory Papareschi),
election of, 363; opposed by Anacletus, ib. ;
flees to France, ib. ; supported by France,
England, and Lothar III, ib. ; his contest
with Anacletus, 364 sqq. ; relations with
Lothar, 342 sq. , 367, 392; and Louis VII,
605 sq. ; taken prisoner by Roger II, 187
sq. , 368; England and, 542; his division
of Sardinia and Corsica between Pisa and
Genoa, 227; and abbey of St Maximin,
350; and Rule of St Augustine, 679; death
of, 370; 186, 383, 477
Innocent III, Pope (Lotario de Conti), 111,
322, 324; on Henry VI, 468, 471, 477; on
monastic reform, 685; proclaims Fourth
Crusade, 314
Innocent IV, Pope (Sinibaldo de' Fieschi),
321; forms the first “Missionary Society,"
325; relaxes monastic discipline, 686; his
Summa of the Decretals, 742
Innocent VIII, Pope, attempts at monastic
reform, 695
In Trullo, Council, canons of, 11, 708
Ipswich, 483, 538, 551
Ireland, 554 note; Henry II and, 555,565 sq. ;
schools in, 770; knowledge of Greek in,
785; monasticism in, 677
Irene, daughter of Isaac Angelus, marries
Roger, son of Tancred, 202; marries Philip
of Hohenstaufen, 473, 479; 471
Irford, nunnery, 681
Irish Channel, 504
Irnerius, the glossator of Bologna, his
work on the Digest, 735; his glosses,
737 sq.
Ibn al-athir, Arab historian, 257 note
Ibn al-Hawwās, Muslim emir in Sicily, 176
sq.
Ibn ath-Thimnah, Muslim emir in Sicily,
176; death of, 177
Ibn Daghfal, Arab chief, 249, 253 sqq.
Ibn Rushd, see Averroes
Ibn Sinā, see Avicenna
Ibrāhim ibn Aghlab, becomes independent
ruler of Tunis, 242
Iconium, 286 sq. , 412
Idris ibn 'Abdallāh, establishes a Shiʻite
Caliphate in Morocco, 242
Idrisi, Arab geographer, at court of Roger II,
207
Ikhshid, ruler of Egypt, 245; his death, ib.
Ikhshid dynasty, 245, 259
Il-Ghāzi, defeats Roger of Antioch, 301 sq.
Ilow, Wendish fortress, 397 sq. , 400
Imād-ad-Din Zangi, see Zangi
Imitatio Christi, the, 694
Inde, river, 659
Indulgences, their origin, 323; and the Cru-
sades, 323; as a source of revenue, 323 sq.
Ingelheim, synod at (948), 9; diet at (1105),
condemns Henry IV, 150; 151
Isaac Angelus, Eastern Emperor, alliance
with Tancred of Sicily, 202, 470; and
crusade of Frederick I, 411; and Henry VI,
473; deposed, 473, 479
Isaac Comnenus, rebel Emperor, 199
Isabella, sister of Baldwin IV of Jerusalem,
309; marries Henfrid IV of Toron, ib. ;
divorces him and marries Conrad of
Montferrat, 311; marries Henry of Cham-
pagne, ib. ; marries Amaury de Lusignan,
314
Isar, river, 400
Isidore, bishop of Seville, 710
Iskanderūn (Alexandretta), captured by
Tancred, 289
Islām, Chaps. VI, VII, VIII, IX; development
of empire of, 242; national rivalries under,
ib. ; disintegration of caliphate, 243
Isleworth, manor of, 507
Ismā'il, of Damascus, treaty of Franks with,
315
Ismā'ilian sect of Shi'ites, 244 sqq. ; Hākim
and, 253
Istria, 28
Italy, Chaps. II, IV, V, XI, XIII, XIV; growth
of communes, 361; reaction of Second
Crusade on, 375 sq. ; 492, 517; Roman
law in, 729 sqq. ; legal study in, 732 sqq. ;
the glossators, 736 sqq. ; the commen-
## p. 976 (#1022) ###########################################
976
Index
tators, 738 sq. ; influence of humanism,
741; schools of rhetoric in, 766; Cistercians
in, 677; see also Cities, Italian
Italy, South, its conquest by the Normans,
Chap. Iv; condition of Byzantine Italy,
168; wretched condition of, during Norman
conquest, 172; fall of Byzantine power in,
176
Itineraria, medieval, 326 sq.
Ivo, bishop of Chartres, his view of Urban
II's policy, 88 sq. ; his standpoint, 96,
106; his attitude to Paschal II's surrender,
103 note; and the dispute between Anselm
and Henry I, 532; and Louis VI, 597;
his collection of canons, 712; and Abe.
lard, 800; and Austin Canons, 679
Ivry, 603
Jabal Ansariyah, tribes of the, 257, 260
Jabalah, an advanced post of the Greek
Empire, 249
Jacobus, the glossator, 737
Jacques de Vitry, bishop of Acre, on clergy
of Syria, 313
Ja'far ibn Fallāh, Fátimite general, invades
Syria, 248 sq.
Jaffa, submits to Godfrey of Bouillon, 300;
recovered by Richard I, 311; 295, 313,
316; captured by Baibars, 317
Jaffa and Ascalon, county of the kingdom
of Jerusalem, 302
James of Venice, his translation of the
Organon, 808
Janāḥ-ad-Daulah Husain, emir of Himş,
264
Jaromir (Gebhard), brother of Duke Břati.
slav, made bishop of Prague, 4; his quarrel
with bishop of Olmütz, ib. ; settlement of
quarrel by Gregory VII, 60
Jauhar ar-Rūmi, Fātimite general, conquers
Egypt, 247; in Syria, 248
Jawāli ibn Abaq, Turkish leader in Syria,
ecclesiastical hierarchy of, 313; position
of, under Frederick II, 316; end of, 319;
Kings of, see Amaury, Baldwin, Conrad,
Conradin, Frederick, Fulk, Godfrey, Guy,
Henry, Hugh, John
Jesi, birth of Frederick II at, 472
Jews, privileges of, in German towns, 120;
persecuted by crusaders, 147 sq. , 276 sq. ,
353; work of, in philosophy, 817
Joachim, see Gioacchino
Joan (Joanna), daughter of Henry II of
England, marries William II of Sicily,
198; Richard I's intervention in favour of,
201, 462; 456
Joannes Teutonicus, the canonist, 742
Johannes, the glossator, 737
John VIII, Pope, and war against Muslims,
268; accepts the canons of the Council
in Trullo, 708
John X, Pope, and war against Muslims,
268
John XII, Pope, and monastery of Farfa, 5
John XIX, Pope (Romanus), papacy of, 17 sq. ;
a tool of Conrad II, 18
John XXII, Pope, his Decretals, 714; and
Grandmont, 669
John I Tzimisces, Eastern Emperor, invades
Syria, 249
John II Comnenus, Eastern Emperor, sent
as hostage to the crusaders, 281; embassy
from Roger II to, 188; sends ambassadors
to Lothar III, 345
John I, King of Castile, 695
John de Brienne, King of Jerusalem, 314;
his attack on Damietta, ib. ; Frederick II
and, 314; 472
John, King of England, son of Henry II, in
Ireland, 566; 467, 572
John, cardinal-priest, legate to Milan, 48
John of Gaeta, see Gelasius II, Pope
John Mincius, cardinal-bishop of Velletri
(anti-Pope Benedict X), election of, 35;
deposition of, 36; 37, 174 sq.
John, archbishop of Trèves, 459
John Gualbert, St, bishop of Florence, founds
Vallombrosa, 668
John, bishop of Lisieux, regent and treasurer
in Normandy, 533
John, bishop of Malta, one of Council of Ten
in Sicily, 197
John, first bishop of Olmütz, 4; his conflict
with bishop of Prague, ib. ; settled by
Gregory VII, 60
John of Oxford, bishop of Norwich, 563
John, bishop of Sabina (anti-Pope Sylvester
III), election of, 19; deposition of, 22
John of Salisbury, bishop of Chartres, 553;
on riots at Rheims, 638; his Polycraticus,
757; his writings, 805 sqq.
John, abbot of Struma (anti-Pope Calixtus
III), election as Calixtus III, 443 sq. ; 448;
surrenders, 450
John of Antioch, his Nomokaváv, 720
John de Burgh, 767
John Crescentius, see Crescentius, John
261 sq.
Jedburgh, castle of, 571
Jerusalem, destruction of Holy Sepulchre at,
by Hākim, 264, 268 sq. ; church restored,
256 sq. ; captured by Turks, 260, 262,
269; recovered by Afdal for the Fātimites,
264; devotion to, among Christians, 269
sqq. ; pilgrimages to, ib. , 492; siege and
capture of, by crusaders, 295, 298; 302,
304 sqq. ; captured by Saladin, 310, 409,
459, 572; 311 sq. ; ceded to Frederick II,
314; re-ceded to Latins, 315; captured by
the Khwărazmians, 315; 103, 147, 353;
Latin Patriarchs of, see Daimbert, Stephen
Jerusalem, Latin kingdom of, Chap. viii; its
foundation, 296, 300; extent of, 301;
relation of fiefs to, 302; the baronies of,
302; Assises of Jerusalem, 303 sq. ; incom-
pleteness of the conquest, 306; factions after
death of Amaury, 309 sq. ; fall of the king-
dom, 310, 409, 459; the Third Crusade, 310
sqq. ; position of, after Third Crusade, 312;
social life in, 312 sq. , commerce in, ib. ;
## p. 977 (#1023) ###########################################
977
Karboghā of Mosul, attacks crusaders, 292
sq. ; his defeat, 293; numbers of his army,
297 sq.
Kelso, abbey, 678
Kempen, monastery, 694
Kent, 503 sq. ; earldom of, 519; revolt in,
521; 525; sheriff of, 561, 582; earl of,
see Odo of Bayeux
Kerkinna, captured by Roger II, 189
Khalaf ibn Mulā'ib, 264
Khalil, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, captures
Acre, 319
Kharput. Baldwin II a prisoner at, 305
Khumárawaih, see Abu'l-jaish Khumārawaih
Khusrau, see Nasir-i-Khusrau
Khwārazmian Turks, capture Jerusalem, 315
Kilian, bishop of Sutri, 25
Killiz, captured by Greeks, 250
Kilwardby, Robert, archbishop of Canter-
bury, his opposition to Aquinas, 823
Kindi, Arabic philosopher, 812, 815
Kingston (on Thames), 501
Kinnard Ferry, castle at, 570
Kipchak, bishopric founded in the, 326
Kirkby Malzeard, castle of, 571
Kirkstead, abbey, 677
Knaresborough, 683
Knights of Alcántara, 683
Knights of Avis, 683
Knights of Calatrava, 333, 682
Knights of Christ, 683
Knights of the Holy Ghost, 306
Knights of Montesa, 683
Knights of St John of Jerusalem (Hospital-
lers), foundation of, 305 sq. , 682; growth
of their power, 306; support Guy de
Lusignan, 309; rivalry with Knights
Templars, 315 sq. ; their defence of Rhodes,
Cyprus, and Malta, 332
Knights of St Thomas of Acre, 306
Knights of Santiago, 683
Knights of the Sword, in Livonia, 332 sq.
Knights Templars, foundation of, 305 sq. ;
growth of their power, 306; support Guy
de Lusignan, 309; rivalry with Knights of
St John, 315 sq. ; 682, 696
Knights, Teutonic, see Teutonic Knights
Knights of the Wing of St Michael, 683
Knut, King of England, favours family of
Godwin, 482
Königsberg, foundation of, 333
Koloman, King of Hungary, seeks aid of
Roger I of Sicily, 183; his reception of
crusaders, 275; his hostility to later bands
of crusaders, 277; his relations with God.
frey of Bouillon, 281
Kornelimünster, abbey of, 659
Krak des Chevaliers, castle of, 312
Kreuzburg, Conrad III faces Henry the
Proud at, 347
Kulm, battle of, 336 sq. , 352
Kuttenberg, 352
Kyme, family of, 569
La Bresse, 616
Index
John of Damascus, 805
John Ducas, Greek leader against William I
of Sicily, 192
John of Faenza, the canonist, 742
John of Ibelin, jurisconsult of Cyprus, 303,
304, 315
John of Maffa, St, 683
John of Matera, hermit, 688
John the Scot, Eriugena, 784 sq. ; his philo-
sophy, 785 sqq.
John the Spaniard, translates Avencebrol,
817
Jordan, river, Emperor John's invasion of
valley of, 249; 301, 304, 315
Jordan, prince of Capua, relations with
Gregory VII, 77, 86, 180; rebels against
Guiscard, 180
Jordan, cardinal of Santa Susanna, sent by
Eugenius III as legate to Germany, 379
Jordan Pierleoni, leads revolution in Rome,
369; made “ Patrician," 370
Joscelin I of Courtenay, count of Edessa,
301; his power, 307
Joscelin II, count of Edessa, 301; feebleness
of his rule, 307; loses Edessa, ib.
Joscelin de Balliol, see Balliol
Joscelin, bishop of Salisbury, and Becket,
563 sq.
Joscelin, Norman noble, revolts against
Robert Guiscard, 176
Juan Garcia el Hispano, the jurist, 748
Jubail (Byblus), 264
Judith, daughter of Henry III, her marriage
with Salomo of Hungary, 113; 133
Judith, daughter of Henry the Black, mother
of Frederick Barbarossa, 153, 381
Judith, wife of Richard II of Normandy,
484, 490
Judith, niece of William I, wife of Waltheof,
518
Julian, the Emperor, his philosophy, 782
Jumièges, monastery at, 486, 491; abbot of,
493, 686
Justiciar, the, his position in Henry II's
reign, 574 sqq.
Justinian, the Emperor, Chap. xxı; and
presentation to benefices, 7; his codifica-
tion of laws, its influence on East and
West, 222, 704; juristic study of, 717 sqq.
Kachatur, Armenian governor of Antioch,
261
Kāfür, Abu'l-mish, his rule in Egypt, 245
sqq.
Kaina, trial of Henry the Lion at, 405
Kaiserswerth, Henry IV abducted at, 44,
115, 129
Kamāl-ad-Din, historian, on treaty between
Greeks and Muslims, 247 note; 250 note,
255 note
Kāmil, Sultan of Egypt, 314 sq.
Kappel, village near Hersfeld, 131
Karak, castle of, 312
Karak and Montreal, lordship of the king-
dom of Jerusalem, 302
C. MED. H. VOL. V.
62
## p. 978 (#1024) ###########################################
978
Index
La Cava, monastic order of, 668
La Chaise-Dieu, abbey, 669
La Charité-sur-Loire, monastery, 664
La Cuba, palace of, 206
Lacy family, fiefs of, 511
Lacy, Hugh de, justiciar of Ireland, 566
Lacy, John de, supports Henry II, 568
Lacy, Roger de, rebels against William II,
521, 523
Ladislas I, King of Hungary, hostile to
Henry IV, 139; married to a daughter of
Rudolf, ib.
La Ferté-Alais, castle of, 593, 596
La Ferté-Hauterive, monastery, 664
La Ferté-sur-Grosne, Cistercian abbey, 672,
674, 676
La Flèche, 518; lord of, 527, 529 sq. ; see
Hélie
Lagny-sur-Marne, council at, 606
L'Aigle, in Normandy, 531; see also Richer
La Marche, county of, 615, 627
Lancashire, 507, 541; sheriff of, 571
Lancaster, town, 530, 549
Lancaster, honour of, 530, 537, 541
Lancegesil, 771
Lancelin of Bulles, 597, 602
Landoin of Lucca, abbot of the Grande-
Chartreuse, 669
Landolf II, archbishop of Milan, driven out
by people of Milan, 213
Landulf, leader of Pataria at Milan, 40;
excommunicated by archbishop, 41; death
of, 47
Lanfranc, of Pavia, prior of Bec and arch.
bishop of Canterbury, 496; teaches at
Pavia, 733, 779; founds a school at Bec,
ib. ; attacks Berengar, 3, 496, 792;
Alexander II his pupil at Bec, 43; nego-
tiates reconciliation of William the Con-
queror with Papacy, 496; made archbishop
of Canterbury,516; his work as a reformer,
46, 496; his ordinances for monks, 666;
supports William I's ecclesiastical policy,
46, 83 sq. , 496; claims primacy over York,
83, 106, 516; suppresses rebellion in
England, 518; supports William II, 521
sq. ; his death, 522; 757
Langham, in Essex, 527
Langley, birthplace of Hadrian IV, 415
Langres, bishop of, 615
Languedoc, Louis VII and, 612, 616; 82,
627, 650, 680
Lanzo, leads plebeians of Milan, 219
Laodicea (Lātiqiyah), victories of Norman
fleet near, 200; Nicephorus at 247; 329
Laodicea (in Asia Minor), battle of, 608
Laon, commune of, 634 sqq. , 638, 642, 649;
school of, 533; insurrection at, 595, 638;
council at, 598
Laonnais, commune of, 630
La Réole, commune of, 636
Larissa, Bohemond defeated by Alexius
Comnenus at, 182
La Rochelle, commune of, 649
Las Huelgas, nunnery at Burgos, 681
Lateran, Ecumenical Councils held at, ix;
First (1123), 108, 163; Second (1139),
368, 372; Third (1179), viii, xi, 324, 451,
455, 589, 778; Fourth (1215), 323 sq. , 685,
778
Lateran, St John, canons of, 678
Lātiqiyah, see Laodicea
La Torre, monastery, 669
La Trinité-du-Mont, monastery of, 491
Laudabiliter, the bull, 566 note
Lauenburg, 460 sq.
L'Aumône, Cistercian abbey, 676
Laurence of Liège, on the Premonstratensian
Order, 680
Lausanne, Berthold of Zähringen made ad.
vocatus of see of, 390, 399 note
Lauterberg, monastery at, 386
La Voulté-sur-Rhône, monastery, 664
Law, Canon, Chap. xxı; its origins, 704 sq. ;
differences between canon and civil law,
705; Eastern and Western canon law,
705 sq. ; ius antiquum and ius novum, 706
sq. ; formation of ius antiquum, 707 sq. ;
Eastern collections of canons, 708; Western
collections of canons, 708 sq. ; African
collections, 709; Roman collections, ib. ;
in Gaul, ib. ; and Spain, 710; and England,
ib. ; Papacy and, x; the False Decretals,
x, 16, 25, 53, 111, 710 sqq. ; later col.
lections, 712; Gratian's Decretum, see
Gratian; the corpus iuris canonici, 713 sq. ;
influence on Lombard laws, 731; in Italy,
741 sqq. ; in Spain, 743 sqq. ; in France,
748 sqq. ; in Germany, 752 sqq. ; in
Switzerland, 755; in the Netherlands, 755
sq. ; in England, 756 sqq. ; "inner” history
of, 762 sqq. ; 10, 14, 16, 22, 25 sq. , 29 sqq.
Law, Roman (Civil), Chap. xxı; its origin
and evolution, 698 sqq. ; ius civile and ius
gentium, 700; and the survival of local
laws, 702; provides a mass of legal sources,
ib. , 704; no legal uniformity in Middle
Ages, 703; differences between civil and
canon law, 705; its development after the
fall of the Empire in the West, 720 sqq. ;
the leges barbarorum, 725 sq. ; influence of
feudalism, 728; and nationality, 729; in
Italy, 729 sqq. ; in Spain, 743 sqq. ; in
France, 748 899. ; in Germany, 752 sqq. ;
in Switzerland, 755; in the Netherlands,
755 sq. ; in England, 756 sqq. ; “inner"
history of, 762 sqq.
La Zisa, palace of, 206
Lazise, diploma of Otto II to, 215
Lecce, 173, 176, 202, 464, 471; count of, see
Tancred
Leger, St, bishop of Autun, 771
Leges Henrici, 535, 589
Legnano, battle of (1176), 395 sq. , 409, 446 sq.
Le Houlme, 526
Leicester, town, 538, 551; castle of, 568;
siege of, 569; 570; abbey of, 690; earls of,
see Beaumont
Leicestershire, 549, 583
Leidrad, a schoolmaster, 772
## p. 979 (#1025) ###########################################
Index
979
Leinster, 565; King of, see Dermot
Leitha, river, Géza II defeats Germans on,
352
Le Mans, 495; popular rising against William
of Normandy in, 517; captured by William
II, 527; 540
Leo I, Pope, and celibacy, 12; and candidates
for priesthood, 768 sq.
Leo IV, Pope, and war against Muslims,
268
Leo VIII, Pope, his (forged) privilege to Otto
the Great, used by Henry V, 101
Leo IX, Pope (Bruno of Toul), early life and
papacy of, vii sqq. , 23 sqq. ; councils of, 25;
and simony, 25 sq. ; and France, 26 sq. ;
war against Normans, 27 sq. , 172 sq. ; cap-
tivity of, 28; death of, 29; character of his
rule, 29 sqq. ; 32 sqq. , 46, 49, 52, 58,173 sq.
Leo III the Isaurian, Eastern Emperor,
his 'Eklorý, 717 sq. ; 731
Leo VI the Philosopher, Eastern Emperor,
revision of the Civil Law, 718 sq.
Leo, King of Little Armenia, and Henry VI,
473
Leo, bishop of Vercelli, 15
Leo, abbot of Farfa, 5
Leo de Benedicto Christiano, 35, 43
Leo de Monumento, Roman Senator, 459
Leofric, bishop of Exeter, and schools, 776
Leofwin, brother of Harold, killed at
Hastings, 501
Leon, laws of, 747 sq.
