; policy, 165;
victories
in
Spain, 166; sole king, ib.
Spain, 166; sole king, ib.
Cambridge Medieval History - v2 - Rise of the Saracens and Foundation of the Western Empire
186
Idatius, Bishop of Chaves in Galicia, cited,
165, 192
Idle, River, Bernicians defeated at, 522,
543; 562
Idris, descendant of Ali, founds a kingdom,
378
Idrlsids, the, 378 sq. , 381
Ieithon (Iectona), goddess, 477
Iesdem, superintendent of provincial taxa-
tion, 298
Igaeditania. See Idanha a Vella
Iliad, the, cited, 427
Illyria, 248, 254, 276, 444
Illyricum, Justin a native of, 1; devastated
by Slavs, 31; 32; and the Three Chapters
controversy, 47, 689; barbarian invasions
of, 51; (West) under the exarch of Italy,
226; estates of the Church in, 242; 284;
plundered by Slavs, 296; loss of, 396;
407
Ilmen, Lake, 429
Ilsley, 572
Imams, the, 359
Incorrupticolae, the, and Justinian, 49
India, trade of Byzantium with, 41; Chris-
tianity reaches, 500; 634
Indians, the, 380
Indies, the, 42
Ine, King of Wessex, gains territory, 560;
supports the Church, 561; 562; abdicates,
563; code of, cited, 567 sq. , 570, 645
Ingelheim, fresco in memory of Pepin at
the palace of, 593; Meeting of the Empire
held at, 607 sq.
Ingundis, daughter of Sigebert and Brun-
hild, marries Hermenegild, 168, 259;
quarrels with Goisvintha, 168; aids con-
version of Hermenegild, 168, 259; death,
259
Ingvarr, father of Svyatoslav, 453
Ingviomer, Cheruscan chieftain, 639
Inis-patrick, island, St Patrick at, 506
In Laudem Juitini, of Corippus, 264
Innichen (Aguntum), fort at, 225
Institutes, the, of Gaius, 55, 58, 61
Institutes, the, of Justinian, 38, 61 sq. , 90
Institutions, Roman, ch. in; Merovingian,
oh. v; Carol ingian, ch. xxi. See Ad-
ministrative system, Military system,
etc.
Inverness, 511, 513 i
Inzino, inscription at, 475 I
Iomsburg, 456
Iomsvikinga-saga, the, cited, 456
## p. 855 (#887) ############################################
Indea:
855
Iona (Ioua, Hii), St Columba at, 512 sq. ,
526 sqq. ; 535, 545; opposition between
Bome and, 554
Ionic Sea, the, 438
“Iråk, the, (Babylonia), raid on, 336 sqq. ;
346; annexed by Muslims, 347 sq. ; 349;
the rival of Syria, 356; 357 sqq. ; rule of
Hajjāj in, 363
Irān, Arabs invade, 348
Iranians, the, oppose Arab invasion, 348;
443
Ireland, 470; Keltic heathenism in, ch. xv.
(B) passim; Keltic saints of, 499; Chris-
tianity introduced into, 502-508; Danish
invasions of, 508; 511 sq. , 524; character
of monasteries in, 526; and the time of
Easter, 528; 535; Northumbrian fleet
attacks, 559; 571, 633, 702
Irene, Empress, concedes the Pope's claim
over the Pontifical State, 233; 247; policy
towards the Roman Church, 601; pro-
motes the worship of images, 616; 618,
620; marriage with Charles the Great
proposed, 624; deposed, ib. ; 704 sq. ;
706 note
Irenicon, the, 345, 349
Irish, the, and Laurentius, 521
Irminstil, pillars, 492; one destroyed by
Charles the Great, ib. , 610
Isaac, Patriarch of Jerusalem,
proposes to capture, 287
Isauria, 39; raided by Arabs, 393, 398; 395;
Arabs invade, 412
Ischia, attacked by Arabs, 381; used as
naval base, 385
Isère, River, 198
Iserninus (Fith), missionary to Ireland, 504
Isidore, St, Bishop of Seville, cited, 159,
162 sq. , 168 sqq. , 173 sqq. , 189; president
of Fourth Council of Toledo, 175 sq. ;
179; 191; works of, 192 sq.
Isidore of Miletus, buildschurch of St Sophia,
40
Bonosus
Isidore of Pax Julia, cited, 182
Isis, temple of, at Philae, 44; 486
Islám, 231; chs. x, x1 and xII passim; term
explained, 309 note; and Judaism, 314;
supremacy of in Arabia, 321; debt to
paganism, 325; importance of the Pil-
grimage, 326; 328 sq. ; and the Arab migra-
tion, 329 sqq. ; and the Ridda, 335; in
Persia, 348 sq. , 364; economics and, 362;
checked in Europe, 374 sq. ; end of pre-
dominance in Italy, 387; and in Sicily,
389 sq. ; 687
Ispahān, taken by Arabs, 348
Israel, 469
Israelites, the, 463
Istakhr, taken by Arabs, 348
Istria, devastated by Lombards, 201, 250;
215; forms a ducatus, 228; left late under
Byzantine rule, 232; 234; treatise of
Gregory addressed to the bishops of, 239;
252; Church in schism in, 253, 689;
conferred by Pepin on the Pope, 588,
599; included in kingdom of Italy, 600;
held by Byzantines, 693
Italians, leave Italy, 17; 158, 261, 468,
579
Italicus, son of Arminius, 194
Italy, 5 sq. , 9 sqq. ; revolution in, 14;
successes of Belisarius in, 15; successes
of Totila in, 16 sq. ; restored to Roman
Empire, 18; system of government in,
20 sq. ; misery in, 23 sq. ; 28 sqq. , 44;
feeling towards Vigilius in, 48; 49, 52;
use of Theodosian code in, 57; code of
Theodoric for, 58; 65, 89, 95,109,119 sq. ,
125; threatened by Arabs, 129; invaded
by Lombards, 130, 580; Constantine's
“donation” of, rºr, 587; 141; death of
St Columbanus in, 148; 156, 158, 161;
imperial administration in, ch. VIII (A)
passim, 283; power of the Church in,
229 sqq. , 242,250; growing independence
of the cities of, 234 sq. ; 238,243; failing
authority of the Empire in, 244 sq. , 248;
249; 251, 256, 261; 263, 300, 375, 379,
382; the Saracensin, 383 sqq. ; Saracens
driven from, 387 sqq. ; 395, 401, 408,433,
436, 439, 442, 461, 482, 499 sqq. , 533,
549, 555; military authority supplants
the civil in, 577; Pope regarded as re-
presentative of the Emperor in, 578;
rivalry of Pope and Emperor in, 579, 585;
Lombard successes in, 583; given to the
Pope by Pepin, 588; state of, in the eighth
century, 597;Tson of Charles declared
king of, 600; Charles founds a lordship
over, 602 sqq. ; 610,615,620 sq. ; Bernard
made under-king of, 624, 659; 633, 643;
growth of papal power in, 686; 688,
692 sq. ; the Lombards and the Papacy
in, 695 sqq. ; 705 sq.
Ithamar, Bishop of Rochester, 527 sq.
Itzehoe, fortress built by Charles the Great,
614
Iulin (Iumin), 456
“Iyād ibn Ghanm, general, 344
Izala, Mt, 277 sq.
Jābiya, Muslim army at, 345
Jacob Baradaeus, made bishop of Edessa,
46; offends Justin II, 265
Jaen, 164
Ja‘far, first cousin of Mahomet, slain, 324
Ja‘far, rules in Sicily, 389
Jahveh, 463
Jakobos, Persian ambassador, 272
Jakutha, 344
Jalālā, skirmish at, 347; fortress taken by
Arabs, 367
James the Deacon, assists Paulinus, 523;
urges Roman use in Northumbria, 528
Janda, Lake, battle of, 185, 371
Jannābatain. See Ajnādain
Japanese, the, 493
Jaraicejo, 166 note
Jarrow, monastery of, 527; Bede at, 562,
574; foundation of, 573
## p. 856 (#888) ############################################
856
Indea:
Jeremiah, Archbishop of Sens, chancellor,
662
Jericho, 290
Jerte, River, 166
Jerome, St (Eusebius Hieronymus Sophro-
nius), Gregory the Great studies the
works of, 237; cited, 500, 504
Jerusalem, 241; feud of Blues and Greens
in, 285,287; taken by the Persians, 290,
294; 292; the Cross restored to, 299; and
Mahomet's disciples, 309, 314; and the
Arab raid, 341, 343; taken, 345, 399;
Mu‘āwiya proclaimed at, 358; Omar
mosque at, 363; represented at Sixth
General Council, 404; British pilgrims
at, 499; 615; embassy to Charles the
Great from, 620, 704; Charles the Great
said to have visited, 626
Jerusalem, Patriarchs of.
Sophronius, Zacharias
Jesi, taken by Desiderius, 219
Jews, the, persecuted, 44; 72; suits brought
by, 100 sq. ; disabilities of, 108; growing
importance of, 156; persecution of, in
Spain, 173 sq. ; Fourth Council of Toledo
passes canons concerning, 175 sq. ; Sixth
Council renews persecution of, 176;
Eighth Council confirms persecution of,
177; laws of Erwig against, 179; con-
spiracy of, 181; severe penalties, ib. ;
assist invading Arabs, 185, 187, 372; 190:
Gregory the Great and, 257; resist
imperial troops in Antioch, 286; help the
Persians to gain Jerusalem, 290; banished
by Chosroes, ib. ; 305; and Mahomet,
306 note, 307, 309; form a colony at
Medina, 312; 314 and note, 315; perse-
cuted by Mahomet, 318 sq. ; in the siege
of Medina, 320; vanquished at Khaibar,
323; Mahomet exacts tribute from, 326;
and Heraclius, 345; 641, 691
Jillin (Jillik), Roman army at, 343
Job, Book of, Gregory the Great writes a
commentary on, 238 sq.
Joceline, Bishop of Glasgow, 510, 512
Joceline, monk of Furness, Life of St Kenti-
gern by, 510, 512
Johannes, patricius, 370
John I, Pope, sent on an embassy to Con-
stantinople, 6; imprisonment, ib. ; death,
See Elias, Isaac,
tu.
John III, Pope, election of, 48
John IV, Pope, denounces the Ekthesis,
400
John W, Pope, and Justinian II, 407 and
note
John VI, Pope, and Wilfrid, 562
John VII, Pope, and the Acts of the Trullan
Council, 412
John VIII, Pope, pays tribute to Saracens,
387
John X, Pope, disperses Saracens, 387
John II, Patriarch of Constantinople, and
the union with the Western Church, 5,
246
John III, Scholasticus, Patriarch of Cº
stantinople, and Justin II, 265,273
John IV, the Faster, Patriarch of Constant
nople, and Gregory the Great, 238 sq.
247, 283; death, 247
John W. , Patriarch of Constantinople
403 sq.
John VI, Patriarch of Constantinople, ap-
pointed, 414; makes advances to Rome.
415
John, Bishop of Ephesus (or Asia), seeds
missions to Monophysites, 44; cited. 43.
265, 270 sq. , 276
John of Biclar, Bishop of Gerona, cited,155.
168 sq. , 172, 259; banished, 169; 193
267 note
John, Bishop of Ravenna, and Gregory the
Great, 240
John of Beverley, St, Bishop of York, edu-
cated at Canterbury, 573
John, King of Bohemia, 450
John the Deacon, cited, 236, 238,243, 261
John, arch-chanter at St Peter's, 524
John, son of Timostratus, loses Dara, 272
John, bastard son of Bonus, 292
John (Athalarich), bastardson of Heraclius,
292
John, logothete, commands the fleet, 415:
killed, ib.
John, patrician, and the Monophysites, 255;
negotiates with Persia, 274
John, patrician, commands imperial feet.
410
John, praefect, sent to Cherson, 413; killed.
ib.
John, silentiarius, envoy of the Emperor.
582 sqq.
John of Cappadocia, minister of Justinian,
3; character, 8; and the Nika Riot, 8 sq. ;
and the African war, 12; and Theodors.
26; extortions of, 42; 50
John of Damascus, cited, 691
John of Fordun, Chronicle of, 509
John Mystakon, commander-in-chief of
eastern armies, 277; and Persian rebels,
280
John of Nikiou, cited, 264, 287
John Struthus, spatharius, kills the son of
Justinian II, 414
Jonas of Bobbio, cited, 490
Jordan, River, 340 sqq.
Jordanes (Jornandes), cited, 159, 152,
429 sq. , 485
Joseph of Arimathaea, legend of, 496
Joshua, the Book of, cited, 131
Jouarre, convent at, 148, 157
Jucar (Sucro), River, 164, 173
Judaism, and Mahomet, 308 sq. ; at Medins
312; and Islám, 314 sq.
Judhām, tribe, 339 sq.
Judicaël, chief of the Domnonée, at court ºf
Dagobert, 125
Judicatum of Pope Vigilius, published, 47
Jufra (Waddān), Oasis, Busr reaches, 356
Julia Carnica, bishop of, 213
## p. 857 (#889) ############################################
Indea:
857
Julian (Urban or Olban), count, contradictory
accounts of, 183 sq. , 371; possible authen-
tic version, 184; later history, 186; 372
Julian, jurist, 55
Julian, magistrianus, sent on a mission to
Abyssinia, 271
Julianus, Bishop of Toledo, conspires with
Erwig to dethrone Wamba, 179 sq. , 192
Julius of Caerleon-upon-Usk, martyr, 497
and note
Jumièges, the abbot of, envoy of Pepin to
the Pope, 583
Jupiter, 462 sq. , 465, 481 sq.
Jura Mts, 137
Justin I, Eastern Emperor, elevation, 1 sq. ;
character and education, ib. ; relations
with Theodoric, 6; and Theodora, 7, 25,
72; 10, 27; religious policy, 44 sq. ; 59,
101, 140
Justin II, Eastern Emperor, cited, 51; 75;
Leovigild recognises authority of, 165 sq. ;
196, 198; accession, 263 sq. ; ideals, 264;
policy, 265, 269; negotiates with Persia,
266 sq. ; causes murder of his cousin, 267;
negotiates with Avars, 268; with Turks,
269; promises protection to Armenians,
270; determines on war with Persia, 271;
becomes insane, 272; 273; crowns
Tiberius, 275; death, ib. ; 284, 436
Justin, son of Germanus, banished, 267;
murdered, ib.
Justinian I (Flavius Petrus Sabbatius
Justinianus), Eastern Emperor, chs. I
and II passim; accession, 2; offices, ib. ;
character, 2 sq. ; aims, 4 sq. ; and the
Henoticon controversy, 5 sq. ; popularity,
7; marriage, ib. , 25; and the Nika Riot,
8 sq. ; and the Wandal kingdom in Africa,
10–14; and the conquest of Italy, 14–18;
and the Franks, 19; his administration,
20 sqq. ; influence of Theodora over,
25 sqq. ; and the Persian war, 28 sqq. ;
military organisation, 32; system of
fortification, 32 sqq. ; diplomacy, 34 sq. ;
defects of diplomacy, 36; domestic govern-
ment, 37; legislation, 38, 54 sqq. ; ad-
ministration, 39; and the silk trade, 41;
financial difficulties, 42; religious policy,
43 sqq. ; and the Three Chapters con-
troversy, 47 sq. , 398; illtreats Pope
Vigilius, 48; last years, 50 sq. ; death,
51, 263; services to the Empire, 52; 57;
code of, 59 sqq. ; digest, 60; 62 sq. ,
65 sqq. , 118 sq. , 140; and Visigothic
Spain, 163 sq. ; 193, 195; organises the
inistration in Africa, and in Italy,
222 sqq. ; and the Church, 229, 246;
235 sq. , 239, 259; funeral, 264; 265 sq. ,
268; and the eastern trade route, 269;
273, 283, 300, 366, 395 sq. , 407, 411;
435, 691, 706
Justinian II (Rhinotmetus), Eastern Em-
peror, 405; succeeds to the throne, 406;
in Armenia, ib. ; defeated by Arabs, 407;
and the synodal Acts, ib. ; orders arrest
of Pope Sergius, 408; deposed, 409; 410;
restored, 411; married, ib. ; reconciled
with the Pope, 412; attempts vengeance
on Cherson, 412 sq. ; flight, 413; death,
414; 415; and Leo of Germanicea, 416;
688; and the Roman Church, 689; 690
Justinian, patrician, and the Persian war,
270, 274
Justinian, patrician, executed, 395
Justiniana Prima (Tauresium), birthplace
of Justinian, 2, 33, 40; 254, 407
Justus, Archbishop of Canterbury, mission-
ary to England, 518; made bishop of
Durobrivae (Rochester), 521; flight, 522;
return, ib. ; made archbishop of Canter-
bury, ib. ; death, 523
Jutes, the, attacked by Wulfhere, 553;
attacked by Ceadwalla, 560
Ka'ba, the, sanctuary of pagan Arabs, 304;
308, 311; Mahomet and, 325 sq.
Ka'b ibn Asad, chief of Kuraiza, treachery
of, 320
Kādisiya, battle of, 346 sqq.
Kåhina, the, prophetess, incites the Berbers,
370
Kairawān, 367; foundation of, 368, 370;
taken by Berbers, 369; freed, ib. ; seat
of government of the Maghrib, 376;
377; Arabs and Berbers contend for, 378;
388
Kais, the, tribe, supports Zubair faction,
360; feud with the Kalb, 363, 375
Kais, commander of Arab fleet, 397
Kalb, the, tribe, 339; supports the Umay-
yads, 360; feud with the Kais, 363, 375;
388
Kalbites, the, rule in Sicily, 388
Karbalā, Husain's party defeated at, 359
Karcha, Chosroes retreats over mountains
of, 274
Kardarigan, Persian general, commands at
the battle of Solochon, 277; drives back
Philippicus, 278; in Mesopotamia, 285
Karin, opposes Phocas, 285; Sahin at, 289;
Heraclius at, 293
Kawad, King of Persia, declares war, 7, 28;
death, 29
Keby (Cuby), St, at Jerusalem, 499
Kef (Sicca Veneria), Zubair reaches, 369
Kelts, the, in Armorican peninsula, 118;
418, 459; heathen religion of, ch. xv (A)
and (B) passim; and the tonsure, 520;
failure of, as missionaries, 534 sq. ; 633
Kent, and the mission of Augustine, 255,
516 sqq. ; Roman remains found in, 501;
decline of, 521; Eadbald king of, 522;
524, 530; independent of Northumbria,
543; 544; code for, 548; overrun by
Mercians, 557; Mul set over, 560; de-
velopment of, 561; absorbed in Mercia,
563 sq. ; rises against Mercia, 565; social
organisation in, 566 sqq. ; the witan in,
569; village system in, 572; 639
Kentigern (Mungo), St, Bishop of Glasgow
## p. 858 (#890) ############################################
858
Index
and of St Asaph, 499, 510; little known
of, 512
Kerkh, 429
Kemian, revolt in, 279
Kesteven, part of Mercia, 552; 554; nu-
cleated villages in, 572
Khadija, first wife of Mahomet, 305 sq. ;
converted, 307; death, 311
Khaffiin, Khalid at, 338
Khaibar, oasis, the Banu-n-Nadlr banished
to, 319; subdued by Mahomet, 323
Khalfun, Berber general, 384, 386
Khalid, admiral, captured, 412
Khalid al-Kasri, viceroy for Hisham, 363
Khalid ibn al-Walid, leads Meccan horse-
men at the battle of Uhud, 318; converted
to Islam, 323; commands the retreat from
Mu'ta, 324; in the Ridda war, 336 sq. ;
his campaign on the Euphrates, 338;
his conquest of Syria, 339 sqq. , 352, 396
Kharazan, 429
Kharijites (Harurites), 357; harass the
government, 361; present survival of,
361, 377; increase among the Berbers,
376; 378
Khazraj, the, at perpetual feud with the
Aus, 312; 314; and Abu Bakr's election,
333
Khilvud, 453
Khokand, 432
Khorasan, 279, 348, 364
Khuza'a, Bedouin tribe, 319, 324
Khuzistan (Elam), province, resists Sara-
cens, 347 sq.
Kidderminster, 558
Kiersy. See Quierzy
Kiev, 418 sq. , 426 sq. , 431, 481
Kilian, St, mission of, 128; 539
Kincardineshire, 512
King's Worthy, 572
Kinnasiin (Kalchis), resists Muslim attack,
'344
Kinross, county, 512
Kippax, 544 note
Kirkbampton, inscription at, 476
Kirkbride, inscription at, 475
Kirkby Thore, 475
Kirkcudbright, county, 511
Kirkdale in Yorkshire, 526 note, 529 note
Kirkintulloch, 476
Kirkmadrine, engraved stones at, 512
Kirkmaiden, 512
Kirknewton in Northumberland, 526 note
Kitharizon, fortress at, 33
Kitzingen, foundation of Boniface at, 537
Klagenfurt, 449
Klysma (Kulzum, Suez), importance of, 349
Knut, King of Denmark and England, 489,
636, 642
Kdnigsberg, 418
Komitas, ambassador to Baian, 268
Koran, the, chief authority for the life of
Mahomet, 302, 305 note; teaching in,
307 sqq. ; 314; legislation of, 315 sq. ;
318; cited, 322, 326; 407
Kosmaa, quaestor, 291
Kotrigur Huns, the, 34, 268
Kours, 277 note
Kreuzberg, the, pass over, 225
Kubrat, Bulgar khan, wins freedom, 451
Kuda'a, tribe, 339 sq.
Kufa, seat of Saracen government, 347;
348, 351; becomes the capital, 356; 359;
368
Kunimund, King of the Oepidae, slain by
Alboin, 195,268; 196
Kur, Biver, 297
Kuraish, the, inhabit Mecca, 304; trade
and customs, ib. ; Mahomet's branch of,
304 sq. ; 307, 310 sq. ; try to prevent
Muslim emigration, 313; 314; and Muslim
raids, 316 sqq. ; at war with the Muslims,
318 sqq. ; surrender to Mahomet, 324;
325
Kuraiza, Jewish clan, at the siege of
'Medina, 320
Kusaila, Berber chief, supports Dinar, 368;
victorious over Saracens, 369; defeated
and killed, ib. ■ 370
Kusistan, revolt in, 279
Labe. See Elbe
Labes, lawyer, 79
La Cava. See Florinda
La CM Antique, of Fustel de Coulanges,
cited, 461
La Conquista, 166 note
Lactarius, Mons. See Lettere
Ladoga, Lake, 427 sqq.
Ladoga, town, 429, 434
Lagny, monastery of, founded, 524
Lagoons, district of the, Lombards fail to
take, 215
Laibach, 446 sq.
Lakhm, the, subject to Persia, 303, 331,
339
Lakhmites, the, 331
Lancashire, 512, 544, 557
Lancaster, inscriptions at, 474 sq.
Landbooks, term explained, 558
Landen, estate of Pepin, 126
Land Tenure, of the Lombards, 197; of the
English (landbooks), 558, 646. See Bene-
fice, Feudalism, Villae
Landvaettir, guardian spirits of the land,
488
Lanercost Priory, 475
Langres, 109
Languedoc (Low), 581
Laodioea, burnt, 417
Laodicea, Bishop of. See Apollinarius
Laon, bishopric established at, 142; 696
Las Hurdes, 166
Lastingham, monastery of, founded, 529
and note
Latae (Latis), goddess, 476
Lateran, the. See Church of S. John
Lateran
Latium, 464
Laurentius, Archbishop of Canterbury, as
## p. 859 (#891) ############################################
Indea:
859
presbyter, sent by Augustine to Gregory,
516; consecrates St Augustine's, 519;
made archbishop of Canterbury, 521;
death, 522
Laurentius, count, 192
“Laws of Constantine, Theodosius and
Leo,” of fourth century, 58
Lazi (Lazes), tribe, under Roman influence,
7, 29 sq. , 34 sq. ; support Heraclius, 294
Lazica (Colchis), 28; attacked by Chosroes,
29; Persians evacuate, 30; defence of,
33; trade of, 41; Suania claimed to be a
part of,266; Heraclius in, 398; Maximus
imprisoned at, 403; betrayed to the
Arabs, 410; 412, 416
Leander, Archbishop of Seville, promotes
conversion of Hermenegild, 168, 259;
and of Recared, 171, 260; friend of
Gregory the Great, 239 sq. , 260
Lebanon Mts, 278, 398
Lech, River, 119, 607 sq.
Lectoure, 462
Lederata, fortified bridge at, 33
Ledstone, 544, 547
Leeds, 476, 544 note
Legislation, Roman, ch. III passim; of the
early Franks, 137 sq. ; of the Lombards,
203 sq. , 207 sq. ; of the Visigoths, 173 sq.
and notes, 178 and note, 180 sq. and notes;
of the English (Ine), 586, (Eadmund)
634; of Mahomet, 315; of Pepin, 592 sq. ;
of Charles the Great, 611, 616, ch. xxi. ;
Scandinavian, ch. xix passim; Teutonic,
673 sq. , and see Codex, Institutes, Laws,
Lex, Justinian I, Theodosius II, Salic,
Saxons, etc.
Leicester, made a bishopric, 557
Leicestershire, part of South Mercia, 552
Leintwardine, 572
Leiria, 166
Leitha, River, 609; boundary of the empire
of Charles the Great, 615
Lejre, heathen festival at, 489
Le Mans, Richar killed at, 115; 141; in-
scriptions at, 473 sq.
Le Mans, Bishop of. See Bertramn
Lemusi, the, 450, 453, 454 note
Leo I, Emperor of the East, 54; novella of,
57
Leo III, the Isaurian, Eastern Emperor,
and Gregory II, 231, 578; issues an edict
against images, 231, 578, 691; refuses to
recognise Theodosius III, 416; becomes
emperor, 417; taxes Italy, 695
Leo IV, Eastern Emperor, dies, 601
Leo V, Eastern Emperor, and Charles the
Great, 624
Leo I (the Great), Pope, 146; Tome of, 404,
688; and Prosper, 502; 689 sqq.
Leo II, Pope, consecrated, 405; confirms
Acts of Sixth General Council, ib.
Leo III, Pope, 615 sq. ; letter of Charles
the Great to, cited, 617; made Pope,
619,703; ill-treated by Romans, ib. ; takes
refuge with Charles the Great, ib. ; swears
his innocence, 620; crowns Charles em-
peror, 620 sqq. , 704 sqq. ; and the Filioque
clause, 624; 701
Leo, Archbishop of Ravenna, puts to death
Paulus Afiarta, 702; attempts to make
himself independent, ib.
Leo Diaconus, cited, 493
Leodegar (Léger), Bishop of Autun, opposes
Ebroin, 126 sq.
Leominster, monastery founded at, 553
Leon, forms an independent state, 165;
taken by Leovigild, 166
Leontia, wife of Phocas, letters of Gregory
the Great to, 251; coronation of, 282
Leontius, Eastern Emperor, in Armenia,
406; heads insurrection, 409; proclaimed
emperor, 410; deposed, ib. ; executed,
411
Leontius, Bishop of Bordeaux, splendid
houses of, 158
Leontius, eunuch, commands troops before
Edessa, 285
Leontius, Syrian minister of finance, killed,
288
Leontius, praefect, supports Heraclius, 287;
ambassador to the Persians, 290
Leovigild . . . ] King of the Visigoths,
made governor of Visigothic territory in
Spain, 164 sq.
; policy, 165; victories in
Spain, 166; sole king, ib. ; victories of,
167 sq. ; domestic troubles, 168; treat-
ment of Catholics, 168 sq. ; crushes revolt
of Hermenegild, 170, 259; destroys
Suevic kingdom, ib. ; death, 170; 171 sq. ;
reforms the legislation, 173; 175 sq. , 178,
187; buildings of time of, 193
Lepta, Arab attack on, 367
Leptis Magna, 224
Ler (Llyr), god of the sea, 477
Lerins, 147; abbot of, instructed to help
Augustine's mission, 254
Leth, family of (Lethings), 195, 200, 208
Lettere, Monte (Mons Lactarius), victory of
Narses on, 18
Letts, the, 418
Leutharis, chief of the Alemanni, invades
Italy, 18
Levi, the tribe of, 144
Ler Aquilia, 99
Lea: Baiuvariorum, 675
Lea: Cincia, 87
Lez Falcidia, 81 sq. , 87 sq.
Lez Gundobada, promulgated, 112
Lear Julia, 106
Lear Reccesvindiana, 178
Lear Ripuaria, fines for disobedience under,
661; 675
Lea Romana Burgundiorum, 57 sq.
Lea Romana Visigothorum, 57; described,
58; as affecting Jews, 174; abolished,
178
Ler Salica. See Salic Law
Liber contra Collatorem, of Prosper, cited,
502 sq.
Liber Historiae Francorum, 157
## p. 860 (#892) ############################################
860
Liber Judiciorum. See Forum Judicum
Liber Landavensis, cited, 497 note
Liber Pluscardensis, of Maurice Buchanan,
509
Liber Pontificalis, cited, 235, 496, 588 and
note, 695, 700 sq. , 706 note
Liberius, Pope, 689
Liberius, general of Justinian, victorious in
Spain, 163
Liberius, governor of Spain under Theodoric,
162
Libri Carolini, prepared by order of Charles
the Great, 616; cited, 617 sq.
Libri Sententiarum of Isidore of Seville, 192
Liburia (Terradi Lavoro), 228
Libya, 243
Lichfield, large extent of bishopric, 557;
erected into an archbishopric, 565
Lichfield, Bishops of. See Diuma, Higbert,
Iaruman, Trumhere
Lichtenwald (Rann-Lichtenwald), estates
of, 446 sqq.
Licinianus, Bishop of Carthagena, 192
Liége, 128
Life of Columba, by Adamnan, 513
Ligugé, abbey of, 147
Liguria, 15; Franks in, 18, 119; taken by
Rothari, 228
Ligurians, the, 459; heathen deities of,
460 sqq.
Lilius, adherent of Phocas, brings the heads
of Maurice and his sons to Constantinople,
282; ambassador to Persia, 284; im-
risoned, ib.
Lilla, Northumbrian thegn, saves the life
of Edwin, 522
Lilybaeum, municipal responsibilities trans-
ferred to the bishop at, 229
Limoges, native place of Eligius, 155
Limoges, Bishop of. See Ruricius
Limousin, the, conquered by Pepin, 593
Lincoln, perhaps early British see, 498;
Paulinus at, 523
Lincoln, Bishop of.
Lincolnshire, 523
See Adelfius
Lindfield, 572
Lindisfarne (Holy Island), monastery
founded at, 526, 545; 527 sqq. , 546;
Wilfrid at, 554; 555; made into a
bishopric, 556
Lindisfarne, Bishops of. See Aidan, Colman,
Finan, Tuda
Lindsey, seized by Raedwald of East Anglia,
522; Paulinus teaches in, 523; annexed
by Edwin, 543; included in Mercia, 545;
annexed by Oswy, 551; seized by Ecgfrith,
556 sq. ; restored to Mercia, 557; 569
Linlithgow, county, 511
Linz, 443
Lioba, helps in the work of Boniface, 538
Lippe, River, 611
Lippspringe, assembly held at, 611
Liris, River, 228; limit of papal domain,
590
Lisbon, taken by Remismund, 165
Indea:
Lithuanians, the, 418
Liudhard, Frankish bishop, goes to England.
515
Liutgardis, wife of Charles the Great, death
of, 704
Liutperga, daughter of Desiderius the Lon.
bard, marries Tassilo of Bavaria, 218
Liutpert, King of the Lombards, minoriº,
210; death, 211
Liutprand, King of the Lombards, makes
alliance with Charles Martel, 129, 2ll;
besieges Rome, 130,212, 580; proclaimed
king, 211; policy, ib. ; and Gregory II
212, 694 sq. ; extends territory, ib. ; and
Pope Zacharias, 214, 580, 695; concludes
peace with Rome, 214; death, ib. , 695;
215, 217, 228, 233, 590, 597, 698
Liuwa (Leuwa), brother of Athanagild, made
king of the Visigoths, 164; death, 166:
175
Liuwa II, King of the Visigoths, 173
Lives of the Irish Saints, cited, 503
Livingstone, David, 697
Llandaff, Bishops of. See Dubritius,
Oudoceus, Teilo
Lles ap Coel, 496
Lleu. See Lugus
Lludd, 474
Llyr. See Ler
Logrosan, 166 note
Lohe (Sleza), River, 435
Loides (Ledstone), chief town in the land
of Elmet, 544 and note
Loigaire, High King of Ireland, and St
Patrick, 503 sq. , 506
Loire, River, 109, 111; meet ºf
island in, 113; bounds kingdom of Clovis,
114; 116, 138; course straightened, 144;
limit of Visigothic kingdom, 159; bound-
ary between Gaul and Neustria, 582;
separates nationalities, 593
#. 164; Leovigild at, 167
Loki, 485
Lombards, the, 11; fail to aid the Goths,
16; settle in Pannonia and Noricum, 19,
30, 35; 34; 119; Dagobert and, liş;
Italy under, ch. VII passim, 579–591;
early history, 194; defeat the Gepids,
195, 268; help Narses, 195; invade Italy,
196; settlement of, in Italy, 197 sq. ;
renew the kingship, 199; pay tribute to
the Franks, 200; defeat imperial army,
205; growth of Catholicism among, 206;
Roman influence on, 207 sq. ; modifica-
tions of laws and government, 208; status
of the dukes, 209; grades of society, 210;
varying policy towards Rome, 211-219;
and the Franks, 216 sq. ; conquered by
Charles the Great, 220; 225sqq. ,233,235.
238 sq. ; Gregory the Great and, 243 sqq.
261; 283,300, 435 sq. ; and the Avars, 438,
444; 449, 539; 577; occupy Ravenna,
578, 691; 579; threaten Rome, 580: aid
malcontents against Pepin, 587; under
Desiderius, 591; hatred of Stephen III
## p. 861 (#893) ############################################
Indea:
861
for, 596; war of Charles the Great with,
597 sqq. ; under Frankish suzerainty,
602; 617 sq. , 623, 636, 642, 653, 660,
686, 692; territory in Italy held by, 693;
and the Papacy, 694 sq.
Lombardy, 429; allied with Francia, 596;
conquered by Charles the Great, 598 sqq.
Lomello, Count of. See Otto
London, to be a metropolitan see, 255 sq. ;
early British see, 498; 518; Mellitus
bishop of, 521; Mellitus driven from,
522; 536, 544; Wulfhere gains, 553
London, Bishops of. See Mellitus, Resti-
tutus, Wini
Longinus, praefect of Italy, 196
Longwood, inscription at, 473
Lorraine, 475
Lothaire, King of Kent, grants land to the
abbot of Reculver, 558 sq. ; amends
Aethelberht’s code, 561
Louis I, the Pious, Emperor, imposes
Benedictine rule on all monasteries, 149;
refuses to help Naples, 383; in infancy
made King of Aquitania, 600, 605; at the
surrender of Barcelona, 606; coronation
of, 621, 625; and the Eastern Emperor,
624; 626, 659; the Frankish state under,
662 sq. , 670, 679, 683 sq.
Louis II, the German, Emperor, defeats
the Saracens, 385 sq. ; death, 386; 660,
663
Louisiana, 53
Lovat, River, 427
Low Wall, inscription at, 475
Lucan, 459; cited, 463 sq.
Lucania, 228
Lucas of Tuy, cited, 182
Luce, Bay of, 512
Luceria, occupied by imperial army, 205, 394
Luchon, 460
Lucius Aelius Septimus Megas Abgarus IX,
King of Birtha, erroneously taken for a
king of Britain, 496, 510
Lugudunum (Lugdunum), name explained,
472
Lugus (Lug, Lleu), a god of the Kelts, 472,
477
Luguvallium, 472
Lul, Archbishop of Mainz, helps Boniface,
538; made archbishop, 541, 581; 542
Luna, 203
Lund, significance of, in place-names, 492
Luni, 599
Lupiones Sarmatae, 432
Lupus, Bishop of Troyes, visits sepulchre
of St Alban, 497; attempts to suppress
Pelagianism in Britain, 500
Lupus of Champagne, supports Brunhild,
122
Lusitania, partly under Visigothic rule, 159;
territory of Sueves in, 166; part seized
by Romanus, 168
Lutold, vassal prince of Znaim, 449
Luxeuil, 460
Luxeuil, monastery of,
St Columbanus
expelled from, 124, 148; Ebroin con-
fined in, 127; founded by St Columbanus,
147, 533
Luxovius, 460
Lycaonia, 39, 414
Lycia, 353, 393; Arabs in, 397
Lycus, River, 296
Lydney Park, inscriptions at, 474, 479
Lydus, John, cited, 43
Lyminge, Roman remains at, 501
Lyons, 109; metropolitan see, 145; church
built at, 157; 257; Gregory's address to
the bishop of, 258; concilium of the
Three Gauls at, 470; Wilfrid at, 554
Lyutitzi, 454; names of clans among, 454
note; religion of, 456
Mabon, origin of name, 475; 477
Macarius, Patriarch of Antioch, supports
the Patriarch Theodore, 404; deposed by
Sixth General Council, 404 sq.
Macedonia, Justinian a native of, 2;
castella in, 33; 437 note; the Dregovichi
in, 438; 440
Macedonius, Patriarch of Antioch, at the
trial of Maximus, 402
Macedonius, Bishop of Aquileia, and the
Three Chapters controversy, 48
Macha, hill, 507
Mac Oc, the, 478
Mada'in. See Ctesiphon
Madaura, a fortress of Justinian, 22
Ma‘ddites, the, ascendancy of, 129
Maegth, the, 549; 634
Maeotis, Palus. See Azov
Maestricht, made a bishopric, 534
Magdalona, 179
Magdeburg, fortress built at, 614
Magesaete. See Hecana
Maghrib, the, government of, 375 sqq.
Magnovald, Frankish noble, murdered by
Childebert II, 134
Mag Slecht, 478, 506
Maguelonne, fortifications destroyed, 129;
bishopric established at, 142; Arabs
expelled from, 582
Magyars, the, 428; makeraids on the Slavs,
429; 436
Mahdi, name explained, 379
Mahdiya, founded, 379
Mahomet (Muhammad), 129; ch. x passim;
authorities for life and teaching of, 302;
birth, 304 sq. ; parentage and early years,
305; marriage, ib. ; religious influences,
306 sq. ; first converts, 307; doctrine,
308 sq. ; opposed by the Meccans, 310 sqq. ;
is invited to Medina, 312; goes to Medina,
313; legislation, 314 sqq. ; domestic life,
316; at the battle of Badr, 317; at the
battle of Uhud, 318; persecutes the Jews,
319; defends Medina, 320 sq. ; makes a
treaty with the Meccans, 322; takes
Khaibar, 323; takes Mecca, 324; policy
towards heathen, 325; towards Jews and
Christians, 326; regulates the sacred
## p. 862 (#894) ############################################
862
Inder
Calendar, ib. ; death, 327, 332; 329,
331 sqq. , 339, 347, 354
Mahomet, commander of Arab fleet, 397
Mahomet, brother of ‘Abd-al-Malik, invades
Boman territory, 407
Mahra, 336
Maimin, Mardaite, killed, 412
Main, Biver, 128; Avars on, 436; 438,
452 sq. , 537
Maine, Roderick, Count of, 663
Maine, Sir Henry, cited, 53
Mainz (Moguntiacum), 475, 533; see of,
metropolitan, 581, 698; Charles the Great
at, 704
Mainz, Bishops and Archbishops of. See
Boniface, Gewilip, Lul, Sidonius
Mais, 211
Majorian, Emperor of the West, 163
Malaga, taken by imperialists, 19; bishop
of, and Gregory the Great, 260; taken by
Arabs, 372
Malalas, John, cited, 31
Malik, Arab leader, in Asia Minor, 396
Malmédy, monastery of, 148
Malmesbury, 519; Aldhelm at, 574
Malton, inscription at, 474
Mamelukes, the, 386
Man, Isle of, 477; customs in, 482; 511;
under Edwin of Deira, 543; 550
Manannan (Manawyddan), god of the Isle
of Man, 477
Maniach, counsellor to Dizabul, advises
appeal to Rome, 269
Maniakes, general, victorious in Sicily, 389
Manichaeans, the, persecuted, 44, 107 sq.
Manor, rise of the, 649 sqq.
Mansir, Caliph, and Pepin, 592
Mantua, resists Lombard attack, 196; re-
taken by imperialists, 200; occupied by
Lombards, 201; 588, 599
Manūf, battle near, 287
Manuel, general, takes Alexandria, 352
Maponi, Maponifanum, 475
Mapónos, Maponos, god, 474 sqq.
Marbod, Lom ruled by, 194, 639
Marca Winidorum (Winedorum), 443,449
Marcellus, jurist, 55
Marcianus (Martinus), cousin of Justin II,
sent to attack Nisibis, 272; superseded, ib.
Marcomanni, 194
Marco Polo, cited, 420
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Emperor, 55,
65, 72
Mardaites, the, 361; invade Palestine, 397;
transferred to imperial territory, 406;
settled in Pamphylia, 410
Mardes, imperial army flees to, 272
Maris the Persian, Bishop of Hardascir,
letter of Ibas to, declared heretical, 689
Marius of Aventicum, historian, 117
Marj Rāhit, Umayyads victorious at, 360
Marj as-Suffar, 342
Market Weighton, 523
Marmora, Sea of, (Propontis), fortifications
of, 33; 288; Arabs in, 397; 411
Marmoutier, abbey of, 147
Marne, River, 115,459 sq. , 475,524,584
Maron, monastery of, 398
Marouzas, Persian general, defeated and
killed, 279
iage, Boman laws concerning, 70–75;
Lombard laws of, 207; of the clergy,
258, 408
Marriga (Riga), god, 474
Mars, 463 sq. , 473 sqq. , 483 sqq.
Marseilles, Frankish kings take, 118: 147:
trade of, 155 sq. ; Jewish colony at 155,
257; 464
Marseilles, Bishop of. See Serenus
Martin I, Pope, and the Frankish kings,
146; and the Monothelete controvers.
ib. , 401, 690; appointment, 401; ill-
treatment, ib. : banishment, 402, 690:
death, ib. ; 403
Martin, St, Bishop of Braga, converts the
Sueves to Catholicism, 166, 192
Martin, St, Bishop of Tours, Chlotar at
tomb of, 117; 129, 511
Martin, son of Heraclius, 391
Martina, second wife of Heraclius, 289:
and the war in Egypt, 351; unpopularity,
391; mutilated, 392
Martlesham, inscription at, 474
Martyropolis, siege of, 29; fortress of, 33;
277; battle of, 279; betrayed to the
Persians, ib. ; Chosroes II restores, 280;
294
Marw, Yezdegerd at, 348
Marwān, nephew of Maslama, military
successes of, 414
Marwān ibn al-Hakam, Caliph, made
secretary of state, 355; -
caliph, 360; conquers Egypt,361; death,
ib. , 406
Marwān II, Caliph, hopeless position of,
364; 377
Masar, Saracen leader, at Benevento, 384;
executed, 386
Maserfield, battle of, 527, 546
Maslama (Musailima), prophet of the Banā
Hanifa, defeated, 336
Maslama, son of ‘Abd-al-Malik, takes for-
tresses, 410; successes in Asia Minor,41i,
414 sq. ; commands expedition agains:
Constantinople, 416 sq.
Maslama ibn Mukhallad, governor-general
of Egypt, 368
Masona, Bishop of Mérida, 192
Matres Britannae, goddesses, mentioned on
one inscription, 476
Matres Ubelnae, 461
Matrona, goddess of the Marne spring, 450,
475, 477
Matunus, god, 474
Mauretania, forms a military district, 21;
22; 35; 224
Mauretania Caesariensis, independence of.
14; 224; is joined to Mauretania Sitifen-
sis to form Mauretania Prima, 227, 283
Mauretania Prima, formed, 227, 283
## p. 863 (#895) ############################################
Indea:
863
Mauretania Secunda, formed, 227, 283
Mauretania Sitifensis, brought under im-
perial rule, 13 sq. ; 224; is joined to
Mauretania Caesariensis to form Maure-
tania Prima, 227, 283
Mauretania Tingitana, independence of, 14;
forms part of Mauretania II, 283
Maurice, St. , 117
Maurice, Eastern Emperor, makes a treaty
with Recared, 172; engages Childebert
to drive out the Lombards, 199; 201,
227; refuses to help the Pope, 239;
sanctions choice of Gregory as Pope, 240;
differs from Gregory, 245 sq. , 253, 283;
247; deposed and murdered, 250; 251;
255, 273; early career, 275; made Caesar,
276; marriage, 277; accession, ib. ; policy,
ib. ; reduces soldiers' pay, 278; recalls
Philippicus, ib. ; reinstates Philippicus,
279; restores Chosroes II to his throne,
280; army revolts against, 281; flight,282;
death, ib. ; fate of his sons, ib. ; character,
282 sqq. ; reforms, 283 sq. ; religious
persecution, 284; members of family
slain, 282,284,286; 288, 405, 438 note, 451
“Mauricius,” cited, 420 sq. , 424, 429, 442,
453
Maurisio, Lombard duke, put to death by
Agilulf, 244
Maurus Bessus, patrician, in command at
siege of Cherson, 413; sent to kill
Tiberius, 414
Mausil (Mosul), captured, 348
Mausoleum of Hadrian, becomes the Castle
of Sant'Angelo, 240
Mawāli, the, 364
Maximus IV, Bishop of Salona, and Gregory
the Great, 254
Maximus, Archimandrite of Chrysopolis,
opposes Monotheletism, 400; 401; charges
against, 402; exile, 403; death, ib.
Maynooth, derivation of name, 474
Mayo, county, 506
Mazara, Saracen army lands at, 382
Meath, county, the Dessi in, 504; spread
of Christianity in, 506
Mebodes, Persian ambassador to Justin II,
267; second embassy, 274; at Solochon,
277 sq.
Mecca (Makka or Bakka), pre-Mahometan
sanctity of, 304; birthplace of Mahomet,
304 sq. ; Hanifs at, 306; 307; opposition
to Mahomet at, 310 sq. , 312; Mahomet
leaves, 313; Mahomet orders disciples
to pray towards, 314; 316 sqq. ; at war
with Medina, 317 sqq. ; taken by Ma-
homet, 324; 325, 327, 334; attacked by
Yazid, 360; Mus’ab holds out in, 361
Meccans, the, and the Hajj, 304; Mahomet
condemns the unbelief of, 308; oppose
Mahomet, 310 sq. ; 312; defeated at
Badr, 317; victorious at Uhud, 318; 319;
make the treaty of Hudaibiya, 322; sur-
render to Mahomet, 324; 325, 334
Mecklenburg,437 note, 438,444,454 and note
Medan, St, chapel dedicated to, 512
Medehamstede, Peada plans a monastery
at, 552; Wulfhere founds monastery at,
553
Medes, the, 437 mote
Media, 279, 298
Medina (Yathrib), (city and state), early
history, 312; citizens offer Mahomet a
home, ib. ; Mahomet emigrates to, 313;
legislation of Mahomet for, 314 sq. ;
poverty of Muslims at, 316; 317; over-
bearing acts of Mahomet in, 318; siege
of, 319 sqq. ; becomes headquarters of
Mahometanism, 321 sq. , 332; 325 sq. ;
death of Mahomet at, 327; 331, 334;
and the Ridda war, 335 sqq. ; 340, 343;
and the government of Syria, 344 sq. ;
346 sq. ; exposed position of, 349; 355;
declining importance of, 356; attacked
by Yazid, 360
Medina Sidonia (Asidona), taken by Leo-
vigild, 166; 185, 371 sq.
Medinese, the, invite Mahomet, 313; parties
among, 314; at the battle of Badr, 317;
defeated at Uhud, 318; after death of
Mahomet, 334
Mediterranean Sea, the, surrounded by
Roman territory, 19; 41; 58; 114, 163,
277; Chosroes advances towards, 289;
379; piracy in, 380 sq. ; 459, 577, 581,593
Medocius, god, 474
Mela, 459
Melanthias, suburb of Constantinople, over-
run by Avars, 295
Melitene, fort at, 33; Persians capture and
burn, 274; Persians take, 289; Arabs
take, 393; 396; Romans destroy, 406;
407, 410, 414
Mellitus, missionary to England, 518 sq. ;
made Bishop of London, 521; driven
away, 522, 546; made archbishop of
Canterbury, ib. ; 523
Melun, bishopric established at, 142
Membressa, battle near, 13
Memel, River, 427
Memphis, 290
Menander, cited, 35,267
Menas, Patriarch of Constantinople, letter
of, 398 sq. , 404
Menevia, Bishop of.
Meon, River, 553
Meonwaras, the, 553
Meran, 211
Mercia, beginnings of Christianity in,
528 sqq. ; under Penda, 543 sq. ; dimen-
sions of, 544 sq. ; importance of con-
solidation of, 547; part annexed by Oswy,
551; revolts from Oswy, 552; ascendancy
of, 553; Wilfrid in, 555 sq. , 559; five
dioceses for, 557; 560 sq. ; at height of
power, 562 sqq. ; separated from province
of Canterbury, 565; character of the
witan in, 569; moots in, 570; 573
Mercians, the North and South), 523, 543,
551, 557, 56
See David
## p. 864 (#896) ############################################
864
Indea:
Mercury, 463 sq. , 466,473, 483 sq.
Merewald, brother of Wulfhere of Mercia,
founds monasteries, 553
Mérida, Agila assassinated at, 163; supports
Hermenegild, 169; siege of, 185 sq. , 373;
Gothic architecture at, 193
Mérida, Bishops of. See Masona, Sunna
Merovingians, the, customs of, with regard
to inheritance, 116; 120 sq. ; decadence
of, 125 sqq. ; end of dynasty of, 131;
institutions in Gaul under, ch. v passim;
artistic tastes of, 155; and the Church,
256 sqq. ; 373, 575, 587, 593, 646, 655
660, 666, 677, 682; influence of Rome on,
702
Mersey, River, 476
Mesembria, 416
Meshko, father of Boleslav Khrobry, 455
Mesopotamia, 7; ravaged by Chosroes, 29;
magister militum appointed for, 32;
fortresses in, 33; Monophysites in,
44 sq. ; earthquakes in, 51; Roman law
in, 58; 276; policy of Maurice in, 284;
Persian invasion of, 285; Arabs in, 331;
conquered by Muslims, 344, 348, 353;
349
Mesopotamia, Duke of, 29
Messina, taken by Saracens, 382 sq. ; By-
zantines defeated off, 388
Messina, Strait of, Belisarius crosses, 15
Methodius, St, Slav apostle, 452
Metz, marriage of Brunhild at, 120; death
of Theodoric, King of Burgundy, at, 123;
rule of Arnulf in, 126; 127, 134; seat of
cloth manufacture, 155; 626
Metz, Bishops of. See Angilram, Arnulf,
Chrodegang
Meuse, River, 459
Mezamir, 453
Michael the Archangel, legend of, 240;
486
Michael II, Eastern Emperor, and Charles
the Great, 624
Michael, made archbishop of Ravenna by
Desiderius, 218; dismissed, ib.
Micheldever, 572
Middle Ages, the, and Roman Law, 53;
foundations of the history of, 329 sqq. ;
440; importance of greatmen in shaping,
595; 629, 638
Middle Angles, the, 545 sq.
Middle Anglia, 547, 552 sq. , 557, 559
Middleby, 476
Middlesex, 572
Mider, 477 -
Mihrān, Persian general, defeated, 346
Milan, taken by Romans, 15; retaken by
Goths, ib. ; depletion of, 23; rebuilt, 24;
taken by Alboin, 196; 200; Agilulf pro-
claimed king at, 201; Perctaritin, 204 sq. ;
Aistulf proclaimed king at, 215; 245,
254; synod held at, 404
Milan, Bishops and Archbishops of. See
Ambrose, Asterius, Constantius, Datius,
Honoratus, Vitalis
Milengi, the, in Morea, 438
Military system, the Byzantine, under
Justinian, 11, 32 sq. , 36, 226 sq. -
230 sq. ; under Heraclius and Constans,
395 sq. ; of the Merovingians, 141, 640;
of Pepin, 581, 669; of Charles the Great.
666 sq. , 669 sqq. ; of the Teutons,
641 sqq. , 648 sq. ; of the Lombards, 648
Miliucc, heathen master of St Patrick, 502.
506
Milton, John, 117 and note
Minden, bishopric founded at, 613
Mineo, Saracens at, 382
Minerva (Victoria), goddess, 462 sq. , 479
Mir (Miron), King of the Sueves, makes
war, 166; sues for peace, 168; driven
back to Galicia, 170; death, ib.
Miseno, Cape, 385
Misenum, Pope Martin at, 401
Misthia, taken by Arabs, 414
Modena, retaken by imperialists, 200; 228
Modestinus, jurist, work of, 55, 62
Modestus, general commanding in Jeru-
salem, 290
Modron (Matröna), goddess, 477
Moedoc of Ferns, St. , 499
Moenenn, Moinenn, Monenn, 505
Moesia, Huns invade, 31; placed under a
magister militum, 32; castella in, 33: 35:
Baduarius commands in, 268; Slav and
Avar raids in, 296; the Severyans in,
438
Mogons, god, 475
Mogounus, god, 474
Moguntiacum. See Mainz
Mohilev, 419
Molaton, 167
Moldau (Walth ahva, Vltava), River, 435
Monasticism, in Gaul, 147 sq. ; in England,
531, 558; and land holding, 647
Mondego (Munda), River, 168
Mongols, the, 428,437 note, 439 note, 443
Monkton, 558
Monkwearmouth. See Wearmouth
Monokarton, fortified by Philippieus, 277;
Roman forces in, 278
Monophysites, the, supported by the Em.
peror Anastasius, l; persecuted, 5 sq. ;
and Theodora,25,27; Justinian’s dealings
with, 44 sqq. , 398; and the Three
Chapters, 47; persecuted by Justin II,
265; protected by Tiberius II, 273; 285:
and Heraclius, 345, 349, 690; and the
Monothelete controversy, 398 sq. , 404,
688; 691
Monophysitism, spread of, 46; 691
Monothelete controversy, the, 146; 398-405,
690 sq.
Monovar, 164
Mons Bardone, 599
Monselice, resists Lombard attack, 196;
taken by Lombards, 201; 599
Montanists, the, persecuted, 44, 108
Montanus, Bishop of Toledo, 192
Mont-Dore, 460
## p. 865 (#897) ############################################
Index
865
Monte Cassino, rale given by St Benedict
to, 148; Batchis retires to, 215; abbot
of, ambassador to Aistulf, ib. , 582; 216 sq. ;
plundered by Saracens, 386 sq. ; Carlo-
man at, 583
Montenegro, 437
Monza, and Theodelinda, 202; her tomb at,
249
Moors, serve in imperial army, 11; 267
note; accept Islam, 365; invade Spain,
371; 565, 593; ravage the Balearic
Islands, 606
Mopsuestia, taken by Arabs, 410
Mopsuestia, Bishop of. See Theodore
Moralia, of Gregory the Great, 238 sq. , 260
Morea, the Milengi in, 438
Morocco, 377; kingdom of the Idrisids in,
379
M6r-rigu, Irish war-goddess, 477
■Moselle, Biver, 123, 158, 459
Moses, 144
Mount h, 512
Monnus, god, 474
Moyenmontier, monastery of, 148
Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, Caliph, 318,340;
captures Caesarea, 345; nominated gover-
nor of Syria, 346; takes Cyprus, 352,
393; in Armenia, 353, 393 sq. ; attacks
Constantinople, 354,397; death, ib. , 359;
356; opposes Ali, 357; proclaimed caliph,
358; administrative ability, ib. ; 360;
work of, 361; 367; and the raid on
Sicily, 380; renews war, 396
Mu'awiya II, Caliph, short reign and death,
360
Mu'awiya ibn Hudaij, governor of Africa,
367 sq. ; and the raid on Sicily, 380
Muerdea, 505
Mufarrij ibn Salim, forms an independent
state at Bari, 386
Mugillo, victory of Totila at, 16
Muhajir ibn Abi Umayya, 336
Muhajirun, the, 333, 358
Muirchu Maccu-Machtheni, cited, 503
Mu'izz, Fatimite ruler, founds Cairo, 379
Mukaukis, the, legend of, 350
Mukhtar, leader of the Shiite insurrection,
359, 361
Mul, under-king of Kent, killed, 560
Mummolus, general of King Guntram,
drives back the Lombards, 198
Munda, Biver. See Mondego
Mundus, general, quells the Nika Biot, 9
Mungo. See Kentigem
Munusa, Berber chief, revolt of, 376
Murcia, 163, 167
Musii al-Ash'ari, represents Ali at court of
arbitration, 357
Mus'ab, brother of Zubair, defeated, 361
Mus'ab ibn 'Umair, disciple of Mahomet,
sent to Medina, 312
Musa ibn Nusair, governor of Mauretania,
184; invades Spain, 185, 371 sq. ; pro-
claims the Caliph sovereign of Spain, 186;
recalled, 373; 380
C. MED. II. VOL. II.
Muslim Empire, the, 323, 327
Muslims, the, defeated by Charles Martel,
129; invading Spain, are defeated, 179;
intrigue with Jews, 181; invade Spanish
coast, 182; destroy Visigothio kingdom,
183sqq. ; 227; chs. x, n, and xnpassim;
as authorities for life of Mahomet, 302;
305; term explained, 309 note; leave
Mecca for Medina, 313; marauding raids
of, 316 sq. ; at the battle of Badr, 317;
at the battle of Uhud, 318; at the siege
of Medina, 320; at Mu'ta, 323 sq. ; at
Hunain, 325; importance of the Pilgrim-
age for unity among, 326; and the
Calendar, 327; 332; attack Borne, 385;
606; 690 sq. , 698
Musok, 453
Mu'ta, battle of, 323 sq. , 335, 339 sq.
Muthanna ibn Haritha, Arab chief, 338 sq. ;
defeats the Persians, 346
Mut'im ibn 'Adi, protects Mahomet, 311,
313 note
Mysia, 288
Mzab, 378
Mzhezh, proclaimed emperor, 395; executed,
ib. ; 398
Nab, Biver, boundary between Avars and
Bavarians, 436, 439
Nachcavan, 293
Naerum (Niartharum), 484
Nafusa Mts, 366
Nahanavarli, the, 485
Nahrawan, destruction of the secessionists
at, 357
Nahr Wan Canal, 298
Na'ila, Meccan goddess, 325
Naissus, 33
Najran, Arab Christians in, 303
Nakhla, raid of Muslims on Kuraish cara-
van at, 316
Nan6.
