No More Learning

Fambri, Paul (fam'bre). An Italian dram-
atist, story-writer, military and literary essay-
ist, and scholar; born in Venice, about 1827.
His energies have expended themselves in a
great variety of ways. "The Corporal of a
Week,' a comedy; Agrippa Postumus, a
tragedy; Pietro Aretino,' a metrical play;
(The Law of Dueling,' a text-book of the
code of honor; 'Giddy Outsets [Pazzi Mezzi]
and a Serious End [e Serio Fine), a novel;
and Mary Queen of Scots, according to Tenny-
son and according to Hugo,' a critique, show
his versatility.
Fanfani, Pietro (fän-fä'nē). An Italian phi-
lologist, humorist, and novelist (1815-79). He
founded in 1847 the Philological Record, and
afterward edited several other periodicals of
a like character. His Vocabulary of Tuscan
l'sage) and other "vocabularies » are works
of high authority. The Writ at Random,' and
the whimsical satire (The Laughing Demo-
critus : Literary Recreations, are specimens of
his brimming humor. His novels are: (Cecco
of Ascoli); (Paolina); (The Coachman and
his Family); etc.
Fanshawe, Anne Harrison, Lady. An Eng.
lish memoirist; born (Harrison) in London,
March 25, 1625; died there, Jan. 30, 1679 or
1680. Her admirably written and accurate ob-
servations of life and manners in many lands,
preserved in Memoirs,' from which extracts
have been published, are of historical value.
Fanshawe, Catherine Maria. An English
poet; born in Chipstead, Surrey, July 6, 1765;
died at Putney Heath, April 17, 1834. A lively
fancy, brilliant wit, sound sense, and personal
charm made this lady and her poetry admired
in her own circle ; but she rarely consented to
publication, and only her riddle on the letter
II, sometimes credited to Byron, is generally
known, her stanzas not having been collected.
Faraday, Michael. An English physicist
and chemist of great authority ; born in New-
ington Butts, near London, Sept. 22, 1791 ; died
in Hampton Court, Aug. 25, 1867. His achieve-
ments in the departments of chemistry and
electrical induction and magnetism are of per-
manent importance; and his works, particularly
Experimental Researches in Electricity' (1832–
55); (Chemical Manipulations) (1843); (Exper-
imental Researches in Chemistry) (new ed.
1882); and Lectures on the Chemical History
of a Candle) (3d ed. 1874), are repositories of
valuable knowledge.
Fargus, Frederick John. (“Hugh Con-
way. ")) An English novelist (1847-85). His
death cut short what seemed a promising ca.
He is best known by his novel “Called
Back, but he wrote (Dark Days) and other
stories.
Faria, Manoel Severim de (fä-rē'ä). A Por-
tuguese biographer, essayist, and scholar; born
in Lisbon, 1583; died at Evora, Sept. 25, 1655.
He devoted many years to the study of his
country's literature, giving his researches and
thought a lasting form in (Various Essays)
(1624), containing appreciations and biogra-
phies of Camoens and other great writers. He
also wrote Jottings of Portugal (1655).
Faria y Sousa, Manoel de (fä-re'ä ē so'zä).
A Portuguese poet and historical writer (1590-,
1649). His four volumes (Fount of Aganippe)
of sonnets, eclogues, songs, and madrigals, are
eccentric but original. He wrote a (History
of the Kingdom of Portugal, a history of
Portuguese Asia, Portuguese Africa, etc. ,
besides many essays in literary criticism. Most
of his works are in Spanish.
Farina, Salvatore (fä-rē'nä). A distin-
guished Italian novelist; born at Sorso in Sar-
dinia, Jan. 10, 1846. His tales were successful
from the first, which was (Two Amours) (1869).
Among the others are (A Secret! (1870); (For-
bidden Fruit); Romance of a Widower);
Dounina's Treasure); 'Courage and Onward);
(Little Don Quixote) (1890); 'Living for Love)
(1890); (For Life and for Death' (1891). The
reer.
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180
FARINI – FASTENRATH
sympathy with lowly life and the rich humor
of his stories have gained him the title of
(The Italian Dickens. He is the best known
abroad of all Italian novelists.
Farini, Carlo Luigi. An Italian statesman
and historian; born at Russi, Oct. 22, 1812;
died Aug. 1, 1866. He studied medicine at
Bologna, but early entered upon a political
career, becoming Minister of Public Instruc-
tion in 1850, of Commerce in 1861, and Presi-
dent of the Council in 1862 during Cavour's
administration. His influence contributed much
to the union of Central Italy with the king-
dom of Victor Emmanuel II. His History of
the Roman State from 1815 to 1850) (1850)
was translated into English; and his History
of Italy, a continuation of Botta's celebrated
work, is a performance of standard merit.
Farjeon, Benjamin Leopold. An English
journalist and novelist; born in London in
1833. He went to Australia in early life, and
after some experience in the gold diggings of
Victoria, migrated to New Zealand, where he
became business manager of the Otago Daily
Times at Dunedin. He returned to London
in 1869 and devoted himself to literature. His
first novel, «Grif) (1870), a story of Australian
life, made his reputation; and has been fol.
lowed by Joshua Marvel) (1871); (Christmas
Stories) (1874); "Jessie Trim) (1874); (Duchess
of Rosemary Lane) (1876); “The Sacred Nug-
get) (1885); (Toilers of Babylon (1888); (A
Fair Jewess) (1894); (The King of No Land);
and numerous others.
Farley, Harriet. An American editor and
writer; born in New Hampshire, 1815 (? ). She
was employed in a mill at Lowell, Mass. , and
became editor of the Lowell Offering, a peri-
odical supported by the factory operatives, who
were also contributors to it. Her works in-
clude Mind among the Spindles,' a collec-
tion of her miscellany, and (Fancy's Frolics.
Farley, James Lewis. An Irish journalist,
topical and descriptive writer; born in Dublin,
Sept. 9, 1823; died in London, Nov. 12, 1885.
Established in Turkey as a bank official, he
became correspondent of two or three great
London dailies and speedily made himself an
authority on Turkish questions. His books in-
clude : (The Resources of Turkey) ( 1862 );
(Turkey: Its Rise, Progress, and Present Con-
dition) (1866); and (Modern Turkey' (1872).
Farlow, William Gilson. An American bot-
anist; born in Boston, Mass. , Dec. 17, 1844.
After graduating at Ilarvard, he spent several
years in Europe pursuing his favorite study.
His publications treat mainly of marine algæ,
fungi, and diseases of plants. Upon these sub-
jects, and particularly upon cryptogamic bot-
any, he is considered an authority. He also
published (The Potato Rot) (1875); Diseases
of Olive and Orange Trees) (1876); (The
Marine Algæ of New England (1881).
Farman, Ella. See Pratt.
Farmer, Henry Tudor. An American poet;
born in England in 1782; died in Charleston,
S. C. , January 1828. While very young he emi-
grated to Charleston, S. C. , where he continued
to reside until his death. He published a
small volume of poems entitled "Imagination,
the Maniac's Dream, and Other Poems) (1819).
He also published an “Essay on Taste.
Farmer, Mrs. Lydia Hoyt. An American
miscellaneous writer; born in Ohio, 1842. Her
books include (Aunt Belindy's Points of View)
and "The Doom of the Holy City'
Farnham, Eliza Woodson. An American
prose-writer ; born in Rensselaerville, N. Y. ,
Nov. 17, 1815; died in New York city, Dec.
15, 1864. A philanthropist, and the author of
(California, Indoors and Out); My Early
Days! (1859); and Woman and her Era) (2
vols. , 1864), which is her most finished work.
Farquhar, George. An Irish playwright
(1678-1707). On leaving Dublin University he
joined a troop of players, but quitted the stage
before long, having accidentally stabbed to
death one of his fellows. He wrote eight com-
edies which are ranked among the best of the
Restoration drama. Among them are : "Love
and a Bottle) (1698); (The Constant Couple
(1699), and its sequel (Sir Harry Wildair)
(1701); (The Recruiting Officer) (1706); (The
Beaux' Stratagem (1707).
Farrar, Charles A. J. An American mis-
cellaneous writer, born 18—-; died 1893. He
published Moosehead Lake and the North
Maine Wilderness); Camp Life in the Wil-
derness); (From Lake to Lake); etc.
Farrar, Eliza Ware. An American story.
writer; born in Flanders (Belgium), in 1791;
died in Springfield, Mass. , April 22, 1870. Her
works include: "The Children's Robinson
Crusoe); (The Story of Lafayette); (The
Youth's Love Letters); (Congo in Search of
his Master' (1854); and (Recollections of Sev-
enty Years) (1865).
Farrar, Frederick William. An English
clergyman, dean of Canterbury ; born at Bom-
bay, India, Aug. 7, 1831. Of his religious and
theological writings the most notable are: “The
Witness of History to Christ' (1871); (The
Life of Christ) (2 vols. , 1874), a work written
for the people and which has had a large
circulation ; Life and Works of St. Paul 12
vols. , 1879); (The Early Days of Christianity)
(2 vols. , 1882); «Eternal Hope, a work which
has been severely criticized by the strait or-
thodox school on account of its lax doctrine
regarding the question of everlasting punish-
ment. He is author also of works on language,
as (The Origin of Language) (1800); (Chap-
ters on Language) (1865); Families of Speech
(1870); Language and Languages) (1878); and
handbooks on Greek grammar. *
Fastenrath, Johannes (fäs'ten-rät). A Ger-
man poet and story-teller; born at Remscheid,
May 3, 1839. A brief sojourn in Spain (1864)
filled him with a permanent enthusiasm for
:
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FAURIEL - FAY
181
1
the land and literature which has inspired
nearly all his life-work. He translated Juan
Diana's comedy (Receipt against Mothers-in-
Law); and compiled a series of volumes which
are less translations than transcriptions in the
spirit of the originals,-(A Wreath of Spanish
Romances); Hesperian Blooms); “The Book
of my Spanish Friends); Voices of Christmas,
He also wrote many works on the history of
Spanish literature; and in Spanish, Passion-
Books of a German-Spaniard,' a description
of the Oberammergau Passion-Play; and “Wal-
halla and the Glories of Germany. A volume
of war songs dedicated (To the German Heroes
of 1870) is also his.
Fauriel, Claude (fo-rē-el'). A French his-
torian ; born in St. Etienne, Oct. 21, 1772;
died in Paris, July 15, 1844. He shone in the
most brilliant literary society of his time and
studied diligently before producing his great
History of Southern Gaul under its German
Conquerors) (1836). Other noteworthy books
by him are: (The Origin of the Epic of
the Middle Ages) (1833); (History of Pro-
vençal Poetry) (1846); and (Dante and the
Origin of the Italian Language and Literature)
(1854); all charmingly written.
Fava, Onorato (fä'vä). An Italian story.
writer, versifier, and essayist; born in Collo.
biano, Piedmont, July 7, 1859. He is versatile
and sprightly in Against the Majority) (1888);
a novel, “In the Country of the Stars) (1889);
a juvenile, “Our Life' (1885); and many other
capitally written and original things.
Favart, Charles Simon (fä-vär'). A French
dramatist; born at Paris, Nov. 13, 1710; died
May 18, 1792. His very youthful poem France
Freed by the Maid of Orleans, won the prize
of the Floral Plays; and at 24 he was writing
successful comedies. These and his operettas
number about 150 (his wife, Marie Justine
Bénédicte Duronceray, 1727-72, being his con-
stant collaborator), and are for the most part
pretty and realistic scenes of love in the coun.
try; but some of them are amusing drolleries
like the mediæval fabliaux. His most celebrated
compositions are (Annette and Lubin); (The
Village Astrologer); (Ninette at Court); (The
Three Sultanas); (The Englishman at Bor-
deaux. His Memoirs and Correspondence)
13 vols. , 1808) is of great value for the history
of literature.
Fawcett, Edgar. An American novelist,
poet, and dramatist; born in New York city, May
20, 1847. Among his novels are: Purple and
Fine Linen (1873); A Hopeless Case (1880);
(A Gentleman of Leisure) (1881); (An Ambi.
tious Woman' (1883); Rutherford) (1884);
(The Adventures of a Widow) (1884); (The
Confessions of Claude) (1886); (The House at
High Bridge) (1887); (Miriam Balestier) (1888);
(A Man's Will (1888); (Olivia Delaplaine)
(1888); (A Demoralizing Marriage) (1889);
'Fabian Dimitry) (1890); (A New York Fam-
ily' (1891); (An Heir to Millions) (1892);
Women Must Weep' (1892); (A Mild Bar-
barian (1894); Outrageous Fortune) (1894).
His poetical works include : (Short Poems for
Short People) (1872); (Fantasy and Passion
(1877); (Song and Story) (1884); Romance
and Revery) (1886).
Fawcett, Henry. An English political econo-
mist and publicist; born in Salisbury, Aug. 26,
1833; died in Cambridge, Nov. 6, 1884. An
accident which deprived him of sight early in
life did not prevent his attainment of distinc-
tion as postmaster-general under Gladstone,
and as a writer of force in Manual of Po-
litical Economy) (6th ed. 1883); (The Economic
Position of the British Labourer) (1865); Pau-
perism : Its Causes and Remedies) (1871); and
Protection and Reciprocity) (6th ed. 1885), in
which the liberal theory of the younger Mill is
carried to its logical extreme.
Fawcett, Millicent Garrett, Mrs. An Eng-
lish writer, widow of Henry; born at Aldburgh,
Suffolk, June 11, 1847. She is a leader in the
movement for university education for women.
Her published works comprise : Political Econ-
omy for Beginners) (1870); (Tales in Political
Economy) (1874); (Janet Doncaster) (1875),
a novel ; (Some Eminent Women of Our Time)
(1889).
Fawkes, Francis. An English poet and
translator; born in Doncaster (? ), March (? ),
1720 (? ); died at Hayes, Kent (? ), Aug. 26,
1777. He is happiest in depicting emotional
states and sentiments, notably in (Original
Poems and Translations) (1761); his versions
of Anacreon, Sappho, Bion, and Moschus earned
him a reputation as the ablest worker in this
field since Pope,-a reputation which later
changes in taste have much diminished.
Fay, Andreas (fi or fäy). A Hungarian poet
and novelist; born at Kohány (Zemplin),
May 30, 1786; died July 26, 1864. Till the ap-
pearance of Kossuth on the scene (1840) he
was the foremost leader at Pesth of the Oppo-
sition party; thereafter he took no considerable
part in politics, but promoted many important
national enterprises. His volume of poems New
Garland (1818) established his fame as a poet,
but his admirable prose Fables) (1820) attained
a far wider popularity. Among his dramatic
works are the tragedy (The Two Báthorys)
( 1827); and several comedies, the most notable
being «The Old Coins; or the Transylvanians
in Hungary) (1824), and (The Hunt in the
Matra) (1860). His social novel, «The House
of the Beltekys) (2 vols. , 1832), and a number
of short stories, entitle him to a place among
the great masters of Hungarian prose.
Fay, Theodore Sedgwick or Sedgewick. An
American poet, story-writer, and descriptive es-
sayist; born in New York, Feb. 10, 1807. Emi-
nent in periodical journalism for years. To this
period belongs his book, Dreams and Rev.
eries of a Quiet Man) (1832). He served with
ability in the United States diplomatic service,
and has written (The Countess Ida' (1841), a
tale; (Ulric) (1851), a poem ; (The Three
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182
FAZIO DEGLI UBERTI - FELETZ
0
Germanys) (1889); "Great Outlines of Geogra- contemporaries in philological, philosophical,
phy); History of Switzerland”; various vol. historical, and medical knowledge, and about
umes of verse, travel, description, etc.
1572 was crowned king of poesy” in the court
Fazio degli Uberti (fät'se-o dāl'yē ö-bār'tē).
of the Emperor Akbar. Of his poems the most
An Italian poet; born in Pisa (? ) or in Flor-
noteworthy are his lyrics,- odes, encomia, ele-
ence about 1300; died at Verona, about 1367.
gies, and specially his four-line pieces or apo-
He seems to have led a life of political tur-
thegms. Their exalted pantheism brought on
him the enmity of the orthodox Muslim clergy.
moil. He very early yearned to place his name
beside Dante's; the result being a curious poem,
He wrote also many double-rhymed poems;
"The World Described,' a servile but not en-
and a Persian imitation of the famous Indian
tirely contemptible imitation of the Divine epic Nala and Damajanti, designed to form
Comedy. He wrote also inferior stanzas and
the third member of an epic cycle, of which
sonnets.
the first was to be (The Centre of the Circle,
the second (Solomon and Balkis) (the Queen
Fearing, Lillien Blanche. An American
of Sheba), the fourth (The Seven Zones of
writer of verse; born in Davenport, Iowa, 1863.
She became a member of the Chicago bar.
the Earth, and the fifth (The History of
Akbar): only the first and third were com-
Her works are: (The Sleeping World and
Other Poems) (1887); (In the City by the
pleted. His scientific treatises were numerous
Lake,' poems; (Roberta); etc.
Feitama, Sybrand (fi'tä-mä). A Dutch minor
Fechner, Gustav Theodor (fech'ner). A poet and critic; born in Amsterdam, Dec. 10,
German humorist and writer on physics and
1694; died there, June 13, 1758. Quite destitute
psychiatry; born in Great Särchen in the Nie-
of originality, but of faultless taste, he made
derlausitz, April 19, 1801 ; died in Leipsic, Nov.
his literary verdicts respected; and translated
18, 1887. His works on purely scientific topics,
Voltaire's (Henriade, Fénelon's (Telemachus,
Elements of Psychophysics) (1860) and <Text
and other French plays into correct if somewhat
Book of Experimental Physics) (1828) among
insipid Dutch verse of marked Gallic favor.
them, and his (Three Motives and Grounds of
Feith, Rhijnvis (fit). A Dutch poet and
Faith) (1863), have made him eminent; while story-teller; born at Zwolle in Oberyssel, Feb.
under the name of a Doctor Mises » he has 7, 1753; died Feb. 8, 1824. Among his (Odes
written various popular humorous tales and and. Poems? (5 vols. , 1796-1810) are several
fancies, notably (A Proof that the Moon is that show true poetic inspiration. His trage.
Made of lodine) (1821),(Comparative Anatomy dies are: (Thirza) (1784); Lady Jane Grey)
of the Angels) (1825), and (The Little Book (1791); (Inez de Castro) (1793); Mucius Cor-
of Life after Death) (1836).
dus (1795); and (The Resuscitation of Laz-
Federici, Camillo (fa-da-re’che). [Properly arus) (1811). He wrote also some stories --
Giovanni Battista Viassolo, or (according to Julia! (1783); Ferdinand and Constance)
others) Ogeri. ] An Italian comedy-writer; (1785) - which, like his odes and his didactic
born at Poggiolo di Garessio, Mondovi, April poem (The Count,' show plainly the influence
9, 1749; died in Turin, Dec. 23, 1802. He set of German poetry in the “Werther” period.
up as a lawyer, but turned to the stage and
Felder, Franz Michael (fel'der). An Aus-
wrote several comedies, including A Word of
trian story-writer; born at Schoppernau, in the
Advice to Husbands); “The Sculptor and the
Bregenzer Wald, May 13, 1839; died at Bre-
Blind Man); and (Falsehood is Short-lived. "
genz, April 26, 1869. Though condemned to the
Fedkovic, Joseph Horodencuk (fed-kõ'vich). labor of the field and by poverty oppressed,
A Ruthenian (Austria) poet and story-writer;
his (Out of the Ordinary: Life and Character
born in Bukovina, 1834 ; died at Czernowitz,
Pictures of the Bregenzer Wald) (1867), and
Jan. II, 1888. He was early a journalist of re-
(Rich and Poor) (1868), markedly original in
pute, and took to the writing of German verse ;
style and view, gave him an acknowledged lit-
producing subsequently poems in his native Ru- erary standing
thenian. Poems) (1862) and (Stories) (1876)
Feldmann, Leopold (feld'män). A German
show an engaging realism in local color.
dramatist and journalist; born at Munich, May
Feis, Jakob (fis or fvis). A German dram- 22, 1802; died March 26, 1882. In 1835 ap-
atist, essayist, and translator ; born in Deides- peared his Lays of Hell, on the theme of
heim, July 10, 1842. Long a resident of Lon- unrequited love; next the comedy (The Son
don, he has studied the literature of England on his Travels, which made a brilliant suc-
thoroughly; translating Tennyson's (Locksley
cess at Munich. After five years in travel,
Hall Sixty Years Later) (1888), and producing
chiefly in Greece, as correspondent of the All-
the series of studies on “Shakespeare and Mon- gemeine Zeitung, in 1850 he settled in Vienna
taigne) (1884) to which his chief celebrity is
for life. His comedies were very popular in
due. Johanna Grey) (1881) and (The New their day; the most worthy of mention are :
Master(1891) are well-written dramas on con- (Free Choice); "Sweetheart's Portrait); (The
temporary social questions.
Late Countess); (The Comptroller and his
Daughter. )
Feisi, Abul-Feis ibn Mubarak (fā-e-sē'). A
celebrated Indo-Persian poet and scholar; born Feletz, Charles Marie Dorimond de (fā-lets').
at Agra, 1547; died 1595. He surpassed all his A French critic and essayist ; born at Grimont,


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FELLOWS-FERNALD
183
!
Limousin (? ), about 1767; died in Paris (? ), Feb.
II, 1850. After some thrilling experiences in
the Revolutionary period, he settled down to
journalism in Paris, writing many celebrated
essays and reviews, and entering the French
Academy. The volumes of Philosophical, His-
torical, and Literary Miscellany) (1828), and
(Historical and Literary Estimates) (1840), con-
tain his finest studies.
Fellows, Sir Charles. An English archæol.
ogist and writer on classical antiquities; born
in Nottingham, August 1799; died there, Nov.
8, 1860. Learning and accuracy are manifest
in'An Account of Discoveries in Lycia) (1841),
(The Xanthian Marbles) (1843), and many
like investigations.
Fellows, John. An American prose-writer;
born in Sheffield, Mass. , in 1700; died in New
York city, Jan. 3, 1844. His publications in-
clude "The Veil Removed) (1843); Exposi-
tion of the Mysteries or Religious Dogmas
and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, Pyth-
agoreans, and Druids); Mysteries of Free-
Masonry); and a work on the authorship of
the Junius Letters.
Felt, Joseph Barlow. An American his-
torical writer; born in Salem, Mass. , Dec. 22,
1789; died there, Sept. 8, 1869. He was well
known for his extensive and accurate knowl-
edge of New England history. Among his
publications are: (Annals of Salem,' said by
Bancroft to be (an accurate and useful work »
(1827; 2d ed. , 2 vols. , 1845-49); (The Customs
of New England) (1853); and Ecclesiastical
History of New England) (2 vols. , 1855-62).
Felton, Cornelius Conway. An American
scholar and writer; born in Newbury, Mass. ,
Nov. 6, 1807; died in Chester, Pa. , Feb. 26,
1802. In 1834 he became professor of Greek
literature at Harvard; in 1860 its president.
His publications include many translations from
German, French, and Greek, of which (The
Clouds) and (The Birds) of Aristophanes are
the most distinguished; also Familiar Letters
from Europe) (1864); (Greece, Ancient and
Modern) (1867); (Selections from Modern
Greek Writers); etc.
Fénelon, François de Salignac de la Mothe
(fān-lôn'). A French theologian and writer;
born in the Château Fénelon in Périgord,
Dordogne, Aug. 6, 1651; died Jan. 7, 715.
He is especially famous for his story (Telem-
achus. His other writings include: (Treatise
on the Education of Young Girls ); (Fables);
Dialogues of the Dead); Life of Charle-
magne); Exposition of the Maxims of the
Saints Regarding the Inner Life); and many
others. *
Fenn, George Manville. An English story-
writer; born in London, Jan. 3, 1831. He
graduated from journalism into fiction, gaining
prominence by Eli's Children (1882), a tale
of clerical life; (The Golden agnet) (1884),
a story for boys; (The Master of the Cere.
monies) (1886), a novel of old-fashioned Eng.
land; and many others.
Fenton, Elijah. An English poet, dramatist,
and biographer; born at Shelton, Staffordshire,
May 20, 1683; died in Berkshire, August (not
July) 1730. He worked with Pope at the trans-
lation of the Odyssey, wrote Mariamne, a
tragedy, and produced a (Hymn to the Sun,
with other verse displaying taste and talent.
Ferguson, Adam. A Scotch historian and
ethical writer; born June 20, 1723; died at
St. Andrews, Feb. 22, 1816. As a professor,
and later as traveling companion to the young
Lord Chesterfield, he exhibited the taste, refine-
ment, and charm which characterize no less
his writings than his personality as revealed
by his contemporaries. Institutes of Moral
Philosophy) (1769), (Observations on Civil and
Political Liberty) (1776), and History of the
Progress and Termination of the Roman Repub-
lic) (1805), are a few of his interesting books.
Ferguson, Sir Samuel. An Irish lawyer, anti-
quarian, and poet; born in Belfast, Ireland, in
1810; died in 1886. In early life he was a prom-
inent member of the Irish bar; in 1867 was
appointed Deputy Keeper of the Public Rec-
ords of Ireland; and in 1878 was knighted in
recognition of his antiquarian and literary ac-
complishments. He will best be remembered as
the author of the stirring poem, (The Forging
of the Anchor, which first appeared in Black-
wood's Magazine. Chief among his other pub-
lications are: (Lays of the Western Gael) (1864);
(Congal (1872), a poem in five books; (Poems)
(1880); (Shakespearean Brevities) (1882).
Fergusson, James. A celebrated Scotch
writer on architecture; born at Ayr, Scotland,
Jan. 22, 1808; died in London, Jan. 9, 1886. His
early travels in the Orient resulted in the (His-
torical Inquiry into the True Principles of Art)
(1849). His monumental achievement, which
constitutes him perhaps the greatest of writers
on the subject, is (History of Architecture in
All Countries) (3d ed. 1894). Among his titles,
which include volumes incorporated into his
great history, are Illustrated Handbook of
Architecture (1855); (History of the Modern
Styles of Architecture); (The History of Indian
and Eastern Architecture); (Fire and Serpent
Worship'; and innumerable pamphlets on the
scientific and ästhetic aspects of architecture
and kindred themes.
Fergusson, Robert. A Scotch poet; born
in Edinburgh, Sept. 5, 1750; died there, Oct. 16,
1774. He had a precocious and versatile poeti-
cal genius, but of the kind nearly allied to
madness; and after publishing Poems) (1773),
a collection of many gems, he was carried to
an insane asylum.
Pern, Fanny. See Parton.
Fernald, Chester Bailey. An American
writer; born in 1868. He is a resident of San
Francisco, Cal. He is a contributor to maga-
zines, and the author of (The Ca and the
Cherub, and Other Stories) (1896).
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184
FERNANDEZ - FERRARI
:
(
Fernández, Diego (fer-nän'deth). A Spanish-
American historian; born in Palencia, Spain,
1530 (? ); died in Seville, Spain, 1581. He was
apparently a soldier of fortune, lured to the
scene of Pizarro's great conquest in the hope
of fabulous wealth; the upshot being some
fighting experiences, and (The First and Sec-
ond Parts of the History of Peru? (1571), a
warm and interesting, although perhaps parti-
san, narrative of the subjugation of the Incas.
Fernandez, Lucas. A Spanish dramatist of
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. His
works, published under the general title (Farces
and Eclogues in the Pastoral Style and Man-
ner) (1514), consist of six pastoral dramas in
his native Castilian dialect : three religious,
the others pictures actual pastoral life, with
shepherds acting simply and discoursing in
their naive way.
Fernandez de los Rios, Angel (fer-nän'deth
dā los rē'os). A Spanish publicist, topical and
descriptive writer, and journalist; born in Ma-
drid, July 27, 1821; died near Paris (? ), 1879.
Active in politics and political journalism at
home, he was banished at last, and became a
man of letters in Paris. To his credit are
placed (All or Nothing' (1876), an anti-Bourbon
prose study of social conditions ; A Week in
Lisbon (1876); and many essays of value on
the politics and resources of the Peninsula.
Fernandez de Piedrahita, Lucas (fer-
nän'deth dā pyā-drä-e'ta). A South-American
historian and prelate; born in Bogota, Colom-
bia, 1624; died in Panama, 1688. Educated by
the Jesuits, he was soon noted as far as Rome
for his learning, piety, and capacity; his pro-
motion to episcopal rank coming early. A
(History of the Kingdom of New Granada)
(1688), the result of many years' researches, is
an inestimable storehouse, from which every
subsequent worker has drawn treasures; the
performance remaining incomplete, however,
in consequence of the disappearance of the
author's manuscript after his death.
Fernandez-Guerra y Orbe, Aureliano (fer-
nän'deth ger'ä ē or'bė). A Spanish poet, dram-
atist, and critic; born in Granada, June 16,
1817 (or 1816). A long life devoted to literary
studies has resulted in (The Lovers' Punish-
ment) (1838), a comedy ; (Odes and Romances)
(1842), a collection of verse; a critical edition
of the works of Francisco de Quevedo; and
many other performances as brilliant.
Fernandez-Guerra y Orbe, Luis. A Span-
ish dramatist and verse-writer, brother of Au-
reliano; born in Granada, April 11, 1818. The
law was his first calling, but he wrote (A
Vow,! (Her Highness's Hair-Dresser,' and other
stage skits, and established himself in literature;
producing much verse, and a highly prized crit-
ical work on the eminent dramatist Alarcon
y Mendoza.
Fernandez-Lizardi, José Joaquin (fer-nän'-
deth le-thär'dē). A distinguished Mexican nov-
elist; born in the City of Mexico in 1771; died
there, June 1827. His most famous work is
(Periquillo Sarniento) (1816; new ed. , illus-
trated, 2 vols. , 1884). He also published two
novels, (Sad Nights and Gala Days) (1823)
and Life and Exploits of the Famous Knight
Don Catrin de la Facheuda' (1832).
Fernández-Madrid, José. A South-American
poet; born in Cartagena, Colombia, Feb. 9,
1789; died near London, England, June 28,
1829. He published a volume of poems, "Las
Rosas! (1822); also two tragedies, Atala)
(1822) and (Guatimozin (1827).
Fernandez y Gonzalez, Manuel (fer-nän'-
deth ë gön-thä'leth). A Spanish poet and nov.
elist; born at Seville, 1826; died Jan. 16, 1888.
A boyhood in Granada and seven years' army
service gave him varied experience of life and
men. From 1846 he gave himself to literature;
and the plays (Struggling Against Fate) (1848);
(The Cid) (1858); “A Duel on Time) (1859);
(Imperial Adventures) (1864), well constructed
and full of humor, won great popularity.
Among his more notable novels, which circu-
lated widely, are: (The Seven Children of
Lara) (1862); (The Bloody Queen' (1883);
(The Plantagenet Brothers' (1889).
Ferrand, Eduard (fe-ron'), pseudonym of
Eduard Schulz. A German poet and story-
writer; born in Landsberg-on-the-Warta, Jan.
23, 1813; died in Berlin, Oct. 23, 1842. In vari-
ous Poems) (1834), and collected (Tales!
(1835), and in Experiences of the Heart)
(1839), he shows imaginativeness, and great sus-
ceptibility to love in all its exquisite emanci-
pation from the practical.
Ferrari, Giuseppe (fer-rä're). An Italian
historian and philosophical writer; born in
Milan, 1812; died in Rome, July 1, 1876. Early
trained to an unsparingly material and real-
istic standpoint, he became noted for the vigor
and democratic impartiality of his On Error)
( 1840 ); Campanella's Religious Opinions)
(1840); Machiavelli as Judge of the Revolu-
tions of our Time) (1849); “Philosophy of Rev.
olutions) (1851); (History of Italian Revolu-
tions, or Guelphs and Ghibellines) (1856-58);
etc. , — mostly happy in style, and profoundly
influential in molding contemporary thought.
Ferrari, Paolo. An Italian dramatist; born
at Modena, April 5, 1822; died March 9, 1889.
His early comedies had little success; and his
masterpiece, (Goldoni and his Sixteen Com-
edies) (1852) was refused production for two
years, but when acted won both a popular and
a critical ovation. Its successor, Parini and
Satire) (1857), gained equal favor. Among his
others are : (The Modern Tartuffe) (1862);
(Suicide) (1875); (The Rival Friends) (1878);
(Antonietta) (1880); (Fulvio Testi) (1889).
Ferrari, Severino. An Italian poet and
scholar; born in Alberino, near Bologna, 1856.
Much study and cunning workmanship are
manifest in the verse collections (For Him and
His) (1876); New Stanzas) (1888); and in
longer experiments.
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## p. 185 (#201) ############################################

FERRAZZI - FESZLER
185
mare.
Ferrazzi, Giuseppe Jacopo (fer-äts'ē). An
Italian critic, essayist, and Dante scholar; born
in Cartigliano, near Bassano, March 20, 1813;
died at Bassano, 1887 (not 1881).