The
"Vita Pseudo-Theodori " inserted " tres "
menses," instead of menses quatuor," for
such was the difference between the 6th of
September, the day of Magnus' death, and
the 16th of January, that assigned for the
death of Tozzo.
"Vita Pseudo-Theodori " inserted " tres "
menses," instead of menses quatuor," for
such was the difference between the 6th of
September, the day of Magnus' death, and
the 16th of January, that assigned for the
death of Tozzo.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v9
vii.
, art.
pendenda; erant ex Aschawensi S. Magni ecclesia : nam centum et tredecim librae
faciunt sexaginta quatuor Morenos, triginta crucigeros et tinum halerum. Sic hodie dttm nobis etiamnum pendunt Aschawcn-. es quotannis pro censu sexaginta quatuor florenos. Quod ego pro ratione conjecturce meas assertum volo. "
'5 Father Suysken, in a note, points out cer-
tain coincidences of statement and phrase-
ology, between what is given in the Acts of
St. Magnus, and in the text of Walafridus or in the village situated on its banks. In Strabo, in " De Miraculis S. Galli,"
cap. xi.
i. , ii. , iii. , iv. , v. , pp. 382 to 388.
,8 See Georgius Heinricus Pertz's "Monu-
menta Germanise J listorica," tomus v. , Bernoldi Chronicon, p. 417.
"SonofChildebert III. , who died A. D. 711.
"
See J. (J. L. Simonde de Sismondi's His-
toire Francois," tome ii. , chap, xii. , p. 104.
20 The Acts have
it,
" narravit ei Theodo-
rus diversa et innumerabilia, qua? passus est
a pagensibus Hilargaugensibus," &c. This
means either the people living near the Iller,
the Ratisbon Manuscript is substituted " ab incolis Canipidonensibus. "
September 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
exalted you in this place by His great miracles, I had intended to send for and ordain you a priest through Divine assistance, on the coming fast of the seventh month. " 22 However, the humble Magnus declared himself to be unworthy of such an exalted dignity, on account of his many sins. Still, if on their meditated journey, the Almighty should manifest His approval of that intention, Magnus declared, as an obedient servant, he would oppose no further obstacle to the prelate's desire. On making that statement, Wictherp and Theodore saw a brilliant crown of glory encircling his head. The prelate, then rising, embraced Magnus, and cried out: "Almighty Lord, who hath deigned in the plenitude of Thy power to show such virtues in you, who have left your country to observe His precepts, may He cause you to magnify and guard the place destined for you, through the grace of Thy Holy Spirit. " Theodore devoutly answered, " Amen. " Again the Bishop said :
been called 23 because it lies midway 2* Eptaticus,
of the Blessed Afra 2 s and own cell. Therefore your
" Well has this
place monastery
between the
shall you know, that after my departure, I desire this possession to belong to
the Blessed and to St. Virgin
26 as if this is destined to be a place
Afra,
mediator between thy monastery and my church of Augsburg. " All three
then came to Kempten, and on the day of the church's consecration, Wictherp preached an impressive sermon before a great number of people.
About the same was time, Magnus
duly
remained for two days. Leaving Theodore in charge of Kempten, Magnus
set out for Fiissen, and the venerable prelate, Wictherp, went to his own place of residence.
St. Magnus spent six-and-twenty years of his life, at Fassen. 28 The
vation of the name as given in the text, "quasi idem vocabulum (Eptaticum) inter- pretetur medium, et non potius numerum
31 Father Charles Stengel supposes he had
discovered the site of this place, not far from
the River Lech, and an hour's journey from
the village of Eppach. There in a lonely sonet Septenarium, qui Grsec£ dicitur and uncultivated situation was a small iirra.
chapel, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and to St. Laurence. This information he re-
"
24 To the objection in the previous note, Father Suysken replies : "Recte : sed quidsi locus ille septem circiter leucis utrimque
ceived from a rustic.
earn omnino deveni sententiam, at mihi dissitus fuerit, inter Augustam scilicet et
September, &c. : for Quintilis, afterwards Julius, was the fifth month from Marcli ;
Quo responso in
Fauces medius ? Turn sane nihil erit, quod
improbet anonymus. "
25 Unless this be an interpolation of the
more recenr writer, according to Father
.
Martyrs, is celebrated on the 5th of August.
2? St. Gelasius, who flourished towards
the end of the fifth century, thus writes :
•'
Ordinationes etiam presbyterorum et diaconorum, nisi certis temporibus et diebus Sextilis, afterwards Augustus, the Sixth, exerceri non debent ; id est, q—uarti mensis
persuaded paterer, hanc ipse esse ecclesiam,
delectatum fuisse B. — qua Wicterpum legi-
nms, ubi et postea Herluca vitam egerit. " "
Monasteriologia. "
22 By this is understood the fast of Quatuor
Tense, in the month of September. It was
called the seventh month, because it is held,
that Romulus had ordered the year to com-
mence from March ; and although Numa Bernard Hertfelder states. However, Pompilius placed January and February Father Suysken would hesitate to place the before March, nevertheless the previous Regular Canons there in the age of St. numerical order of the months continued in
the writings of the ancients and ecclesiastical
authors. " That the year originally began with March is shown by the names of
several of the months ; as Quintilis, Sextilis,
and —wereaddedto &c. January February
the end of the year. " Thomas Henry
Dyer's History of the Kings of Rome," &c metres, south from Augsbourg, and 33
:
jejunio, septimi
etdecimi/'&c. Epistolaix.
Prefatory Dissertation, p. cxxvii.
23 The anonymous writer of the saint's
Ratisbon Acts thus finds fault with the deri-
kilometres south-east from Kempten. At present it contains about 2,000 inhabitants. On the 18th of April, 1745, a treaty was
ordained a 2? There they priest.
Suysken, by the monastery of St. Afra, we are to understand a community of Regular Canons, that occupied it before A. D. 1012, when the Benedictines succeeded them, as
Magnus.
26 The festival of St. Afra and Companions,
2b about kilo- This town of Bavaria is 90
152 LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. [September6.
miracles he wrought there caused the conversion of numberless infidels, so
2
that he was afterwards regarded as the Apostle of Suabia. 9 It is related, in
the Legend of his Life, that when he travelled through the mountains and valleys in different places, the bears remarkable for their ferocity, through the efficacy of his prayers, lost all their wildness, and went before him tamely as didoxenbeforetheherdsman. Atonelime,havingascendedahighmoun- tain, called Suilinc,3° through a miracle, veins of iron were discovered by him, in that district of country where h» dwelt. 31 These were afterwards worked to great advantage by the inhabitants. 32 He is said to have founded many monasteries,inthedioceseofAugsburg. Itmayherebeobserved,thatJoannes Tamayus Salazar 33 has converted this saint into a bishop and abbot of Spain ; but, this is a ridiculous statement, and not deserving the slightest attention. He also absurdly places Fauces in Spain, and states, that the saint had been canonized by Benton or Lanthon of Caesar Augusta, the classic name for the
present city of Saragossa.
After the death of Bishop Wictherp, it is stated, that through the recom-
mendation of the Blessed Magnus, Tozzo was elected to succeed him in the
see of Augsburg. In the twenty-sixth year of his incumbency,3< the holy Abbot took ill of a fever, and then Tozzo sent word to his most faithful
friend, Theodore, at Kempten, to hasten and comfort him. Immediately he
sorrowfully set out, taking with him what he supposed requisite for the aged patient. He found the holy Abbot of Fussen in the last extremity, and then Theodore sent a message for the Bishop to hasten with all speed. Tozzo lost no time in coming to his bed-side, and seeing the Blessed Magnus near
death, said in tears
:
" Alas ! beloved Father, alas ! illustrious teacher, do
youleavemeasanorphaninthemidstofmydangers! " Totheseexclama- "
tions, Magnus was able to reply
see me struggling in the storms of worldly adversity, since I have faith in God's mercies, and that my soul shall rejoice in the freedom of immortality ; however, I entreat you, not to withhold your pious prayers for me a sinner, nor cease to afford the aid of your intercession. "
:
Weep not, venerable prelate, because you
The Life of St. Magnus states, that he departed on a Sunday, about the ninth hour, and on the viii. Ides of September^ which correspond with the 6thofthismonth. WhileBishopTozzoandTheodorestoodweeping,they heard a voice from Heaven " and receive the
saying: Come, Magnus, come,
crown for ! " Then Tozzo said to Theodore " let us prepared you ; Brother,
cease weeping, for rather should we rejoice than grieve, on hearing such
"
Vita S. Magni," Babenstuber Austria. See Pierre Larousse's " Grand states, that they had been deserted in his
there concluded between Bavaria and 32 In his
Dictionnaire Universel du XIX. Steele," tome viii. , p. 895.
day, "sed cum ferritin habeant notae non
adeo bona-, at aliucl. quod ut vicinis nego-
ciatorilms — tolerabili importatur, venditurque
pretio, piidum desectae sunt. ' Lib. iii. ,
iii.
cap.
31 In his Spanish Martyrology. He wri'. es :
"Ad Fauces, oppidum in Vettonia His-
paniae, sancti Magni, qui cum Hispanias cum S. Columbano venisset, et monas- terium S. Martini in Placentinae urbis territorio abbas inclytus construxisset, et alia plura contra haereticos machinasset, post hujus vitas excursum miraculis Celebris et sanctitate conspicuus. ad aeternam quietem confessor properavit strenuus. "
29 See Les Petits
Bollandistes, e
" Vies des
Saints," tome x. , Jour vi Septembre, p.
n. 1.
30 In the edition of Goldast, it is written
Swilinjr, and in the German Life of our
saint Seyling. Under the latter form, it is
noted Merianus, in "
by Topographia
Suevise," as being near the town of Fuessen, on the other side of the Lech River.
*" In the Manuscript of our saint's Acts,
used by the anonymous writer of Ratisbon, about the middle of the eleventh century, is
"
read: ab illo igitur diversae ferri venae
528,
inveniebantur in
tern diem.
in
3* Others have it the
3s Such is the statement in the Acta
"
ipso loco, usque
praesen-
twenty-fifth,
September 6. 1 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 153
words, since his soul is taken to immortal bliss ; but let us go to the church, that we may prepare to immolate the Sacred Victim for our dearly loved friend. "
St. Magnus died in the seventy-fourth year of his age, and a. d. 655, according to the best computation. The exact date for his death, however, has divided the opinions of various writers;36 some placing it, at 654, 655,37 665,38 670,39 673, 683, 689, and 691. <° After the departure of the holy servant of God^his friends, Bishop Tozzo and Theodore, found a beautifully-formed stone coffin, fashioned in ancient
12 times by a magnate named Abuzac,* who also gave the name Abuzacum*
to a fort he had erected. In that coffin, no corpse had been previously
deposited. Having carefully prepared the interior, the body of our saint was then placed in it, and buried in that place, where he had built
an oratory. Moreover, in the tomb was deposited a Memoir of his virtues,
written by Theodore.
With this was placed a certificate in the Latin
thus be rendered into " Wherefore I, English :
and which
Theodorus, monk from the monastery of St. Gall, by order of Bishop Tozzo, as I have learned from Theodegisilus,*3 monk ot St. Columban, from conver- sations with him, as also with the Blessed Columban,** and from what I have seen with my own eyes and heard with mine own ears, either after he left me in the cell at Kempten, and as afterwards from the aforesaid venerable Bishop Tozzo, I have learned about his virtues many things ; but, not all have I cared to write in my tract,*s and I have placed at his head within the coffin for futuie times, when the Lord revealing it, then those who shall be pastors and rectors of the church, may rind it to be just and right ; so that those things that should be corrected they may Correct, and what should be emended
language,
may
they may emend ; moreover, may they not forget to pray for me to the servant of Christ, so that supported by the suffrages of such a Patron, my soul may obtain eternal rest. " * 6
42
Pseudo-Theodori. In the Goldast edition
By others called Abodiacuin or Abu- is the reading, in die S. Dominici. " This diacum. It is supposed to have been on seems to be the error of a copyist ; for if the site of the present town, named Ftissen. allusion be made to the founder of the See Philipus Cluverius, " Germanke An- Dominican Order, he expired on the 6th of tiquae, Libri Tres, necnon Vindelicia et
"
August, A. D. , 1 22 1. Moreover, in the Ratisbonand other copies of the saint's Acts
"
in die Dominico. "
See Matthew Rader's "Bavaria Pia,"
p. 188.
37 Father Constantine Suysken supposes
from the Chronotaxis of his Acts, that this is the most probable date for the death of
St. Magnus. Moreover, he calculates, that in 655, the viii. of the September Ides fell upon Sunday, which the ancient life of St. Magnus states to have coincided with the
Noricum," Leyde, 1616, folio.
43 He was probably the same as Theude-
we read, 36
gisilus, mentioned by Jonas, in Columbani," cap. xxiii.
**
Vita S.
he died. 45 The Acts have " in mea. " day it, pitatione
" in pictatio meo. " According to Du Cange,
in Basilica SS. " " and
pittacium," pitacium," "pietacium"
can be variously interpreted, and have been by the various authors quoted, but they
have generally the signification of tablets, papers, epistles, briefs, parchments, and tracts. See "Glossarium ad Scriptores mediae et infirmoe Latinitatis," tomus v. ,
col. 511.
44
<8 "
Mabillon thinks he departed about this Canisiushas in epitatiomeo," and Goldast
year.
3' Bernard
Hertfelder,
Udalrici et Afrae, pars Hi. , in Chronico, has
this date.
40
of St. Magnus occurred in a. d. 689 or in
Carolus Stengelius states, that the death
"
Commentarium Rerum Augus- tanum, pars ii. , cap. iii.
41 About this chief, nothing more seems to be known.
691. See
44 This passage in the "Acta Pseudo- Theodori," "de tanti viri conversationibus simul cum 15. Columbano comperi," is rightly omitted from the copies in Goldast, and in another anonymous manuscript, according to Father Suysken, who will not allow St. Magnus or Theodore to have lived under the rule of St. Columban.
In the edition of Goldast, the fore-
154 LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. [September6.
In art, St. Magnus or Magnoald is represented with a dragon,*? trans-
8
fixed by his pastoral staff, or with a bear at his side,* in allusion to
legends contained in his Acts.
Aft
—er the death of 4? Tozzo—
so far as was within his power gave protection to the monastery and its inmates, guarding their rights very carefully. To the last day of his life, also, the sacred remains of the Patron were preserved with honour, lights being placed around his shrine,
"
mentum. " The Bollandist editor considers,
Ermenrici Elewangensis monachi Supple-
that it has been improperly interpolated by a later writer.
50 St. Tozzo died about the year 66 1.
The
"Vita Pseudo-Theodori " inserted " tres "
menses," instead of menses quatuor," for
such was the difference between the 6th of
September, the day of Magnus' death, and
the 16th of January, that assigned for the
death of Tozzo. The Ratisbon Acts have :
14
Post obitum B. Magni in pontificatu annos v. et menses VI. gerens, xvn. Kal. Feb. vitam praesentem finiit. "
51 See Goldast's " Alamanicarum Rerum Scriptores," tomus ii. , pars i. The writer
"
of our saint's Acts adds:
clero suo Augustensi sub testimonio in eadem hatred itate. "
differences. See L.
P. Anquetil's" Hisloire
5-! His death has been to
assigned Sep- 709.
"
Historic Francorum
Magnus, Bishop
and clerics reciting the Divine Of%e. Bishop Tozzo survived the death of his friend for five years, and four months, departing this life on the xvii. of
the February Kalends. s° He had previously bequeathed some property for maintenance of the shrine of Blessed Magnus, according to a bond and stipulation of the German laws. 51 Subsequent to the death of the glorious King Pippin,s2 however, his sons53 began to quarrel among themselves. 54 Utilo or Odiloss became Duke of Bavaria, and Godefredusor Godefrit s6 was King over the Germans. Their wars caused great devastation throughout those districts where. they were waged. No longer was Theodore and his monksabletobearthepersecutionsandlosseshesustained5? atthehands of the spoilers around Kempten. Wherefore, he left the place, and sought
refuge at St. Gall, where he found the Blessed Othmar,s8 then oppressed with the weight of ^ears. Theodore told him all about St. Magnus, as also what
going account in the text is considerably
abridged.
47 He is held to have banished such a
monster from the neighbourhood of Ffissen.
53 Namely, Charles, who, when twenty- four or twenty-five years of age, had been crowned at Noyon, King of Burgundy and Neustria ; and Carloman at the age of
was at of eighteen crowned, Soissons, King
Austrasia, which included a large part of
49 What follows purports to have been a
subsequent addition to the narrative of reign of four years, and the Austrasian
48SeeRev. S.
"Livesof
Baring-Gould's
the Saints," vol. ix. , September 6, p. 95.
Theodore. In Goldast's edition it is headed,
nobles, disregarding his two infant sons, offered the crown to Charles, who then became sole monarch of France. Sec an account of these events in Capefigue's " Charlemagne," chap, vii. , pp. 117 to 142.
54 Their mother, Bertha, or Bertrada, had
much in — to reconcile then- difficulty trying
sepultusque a
burgensis," tomus i. , lib. xxiii. , num. 102, Wurtzburg, 1727, fob
5(5 According to a fragment of Erchanbert, he shook off the French yoke, and died A. D.
See Duchesne's
tember 24th, A. D. 768. He ruled over Scriptores," tomus i. , p. 780, and tomus ii. ,
France very gloriously for forty-seven years,
having carried his arms against the Saracens,
and his conquests into Italy and Germany.
Before his death, which was caused by Theodori, at this portion of the narrative.
dropsy, at the age of fifty-three, he divided his dominions between his two sons, Charles
and Carloman ; a third son, Gilles, having
been educated in a monastery, became a "
58 This must have been intended for St. Othmar, whose feast is held on the 16th of November, and who became Abbot of St. Gall, A. D. 720, and who presided over it for
religious. See Henri Martin's Ilistoirede nearly forty years, having died A. D. 759. France," tome ii. , liv. xii. , pp. 250, 251. However, this statement in the text cannot
Germany. The latter died after a brief
de France," Deuxieme Race dite des Carlo*
vingiens, sect, i. , p. 60.
55 He died about the year 747. He was in rebellion against Carloman and Pepin, Majors-domi to the Kings of Franee, but he wasconqueredbythem. SeeJohnGeorge
"
Francise Orientalis et Episcopatus Virce-
Eckhart's
Commentarius de Rebus
P- 3-
57 Certain anachronisms are pointed out
by Father Suysken, in the Acta Pseudo-
September 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 155
he and his community suffered from the pagans and bad Christians. In
Othmar informed him about the losses himself had endured,5? owing to the action of the wicked Counts Ruadhard and Warin, the tyrants of Germany. ThenOthmarselectedagoodandprudentmemberofhiscom-
Affairs remained in this state of collision, until the great monarch,
turn,
named
Kempten, until peace should be restored. He permitted Theodore to remain at St. Gall, to the day of his death.
munity,
Peretgothus,
6° and four other monks, to take of charge
Charlemagne,
6 ' subdued the
of and the Saxons. 62 Germany
petty dynasts
Then hearing, that the religious establishments at Augsburg, Kempten, as
also the monasteries of St. Afra and of Magnus, had been utterly ruined,
that great monarch resolved on restoring them.
and St. Magnus 6* he also enlarged the limits of his diocese,65 so as to make . ;
it extend,66 on both banks of the River Lech. 6?
of 63 for the see of Sintpert
ruled that church for nearly thirty years. That prelate restored the monasteries of St. Afra
be historically accurate, as Theodore could not have survived even to the first year of
Othmar's incumbency.
59 See in Mabillon the " Acta S. Othmari,
at the 1 8th of November. He died A. D. 761. See J. C. L. Simonde de Sismondi's
cathedral of that city. See Charles Knight's
"English Cyclopaedia of Biography," vol. ii. , col. 169. It is strange, that no tradition
remains, regarding the spot . where this great Emperor's remains had been deposited in that venerable cathedral, although the marble sarcophagus, brought from Rome, and in which he desired to be buried, is
there preserved.
63 He is called Simpertus, by Matthew
"
"
Panie, chap, i. , p. 212.
Histoire de Francais," tome ii. , Seconde
60
Canisius has the name Berthgozus ;
Goldast Perechtgozus ; and the Ratisbon
Acts have Pertgozus.
ham's
posthaec Leopoldus
Augsburg.
Afterwards,
Sintpert
Bavaria Sancta," vol. iii.
64 See Mabillon's '• Annales Ordinis S. A. D. 771—, Charles—better known as Char- Benedicti," tomus ii. , lib. xxv. , sect, xiii. ,
lemagne became sole ruler of France, p. 255.
having taken possession of Burgundy and 63 The following Latin verses commemo-
"
South Gaul. See Eginhard's
Magni. " After Charlemagne had forced founders :
61 On the death of his brother Carloman
Rader, in
He procured the election
Vita Caroli rate Simpertus, together with other religious
the Saxon chiefs to give hostages for their
future obedience, "so far from observing the treaty, they poured their wild hordes into Franconia, burnt every church and
that fell in their — and monastery way, put
every creature to the sword. " A. S. Dun-
"
History of the Germanic Empire," vol. L, book i. , chap, i. , p. 28.
62 The Saxons, under their brave and able
leader, Witikind, had given him a strenuous
opposition from a. d. 772 to 780. After
several sanguinary campaigns, Witikind was
at length obliged to submit. Having re-
ceived baptism, his days were afterwards appended to the manuscript Life of our ended in peace on his domains in the north saint. Also, Velserus relates, that Char-
of Germany. Charlemagne had occasion to
wage war against Tassilo, Duke of Bavaria,
a feudatory of the Frankish monarchs, who
had assisted or connived at Witikind's in-
cursions. He was subdued and taken
prisoner, but his life was spared by Char- ad Oenum tantum, posterius ad Lycum lemagne, who had him confined in a usque pertingit. ''—" Rerum Augustanarum convent A. D. 794. In the year 800, this
renowned monarch was everywhere vic-
torious and master of the best part of the
European Continent. In January, 814, III. , whose pontificate began a. d. 795,
Charlemagne died of pleurisy at Aix-la-
Chapelle, after a reign of forty-seven years. He was buried with great pomp in the
authorised that extension of the diocese of Augsburg, and that it was confirmed by Charlemagne,
" Ccenobium Fuessen regali dote Pipinus Fundavit, sancti permotus numine Magni : Vastatum Caesar reparavit Carolus idem,
Atque Augustana Simpertus praesul in
urbe Austriacae terrae,
:
Suevorum dux tarunt. "
Guelpho
66 "
In the Acts of St. Magnus, parochia"
"
stated by Abbot Henry, in certain notes
is the word used for
dioecesis. " This is
lemagne made that extension in favour of
Bishop Simpertus. He adds
manuscripto codice legere memini, Simper- turn Augustanam dioecesim Novicorum finibus auxisse : antiquum Noricum * * *
Vindelicarum," lib. iv.
67 In the editions of our saint's Acts by
Canisius and Goldast, it is stated that Leo
marchio ampliter augmen-
:
" In vetusto
*5* LIVESOETHEIRISHSAINTS. [September6.
'-'
his sons
sequently of divisions among themselves. Fearing the designs and ambition of Lothaire, Ludovicus, in league with his step-brother, Charles le Chauve, raised an army, and in 841, a memorable battle was gained at Fontenoy over Lothaire and the
After the death of 68 it is stated ^ that he was succeeded Sintpert,
by Bishop Hatto,? who ruled for seven years, and who acquired much property for the church through his family connexions^1 but who was not able to effect any improvements in it during so short a term. ? a However, his successor, Nittarius," it is said, first commenced the building of a large church in honour of St. Magnus. A consultation had been held with the Archbishop
of Mayence, named Otgar,? 4 and his other suffragan Bishops, to know if it should be desirable, that the sac^pd remains might be translated to a more
ornate and conspicuous shrine. This project was approved of by all, and the permission of King Ludovicus was also obtained. 75 The work of church
building was prosecuted by other prelates, and especially by Lanto,'6 who finished the nave, in the fifth year of his episcopacy, through the aid afforded by the renowned King Ludovicus I. ,? 7 third son of the illustrious Emperor Ludovicus, surnamed Le Debonnaire. ? 8 That elegantly appointed church" was built over the spot, where the body of Magnus had been consigned to the tomb.
68 He is stated to have died about A. D. 818.
^ There is much uncertainty regarding the order of succession of Bishops over the
see of Augsburg, especially in the ninth century, and owing chiefly to the miscon- ceptions and opinions of writers in after
years. Their varying statements are pointed out and critically examined by Father
"'
Suysken in Acta Sanctorum, tomus ii. ,
Septembris vi. , De S. Magno, &c, Com- mentarius Praevius, sect, viii. , pp. 716 to 720.
70 Besides the " Acta Pseudo-Theodori"
of our saint, two other manuscript copies have Hatto, as in the text ; while the Ratis- bon and another copy have the name written Hanto ; Canisius and Goldast read Lanto. Hatto or Hauto is said to have belonged to the noble family of the Andecensian Counts.
habuit, quiedam bona ad episcopatum acquisivit. "
Krueger, Corbinian Khamm and others, who have allusion to Lanto, place the com- mencement of his episcopacy over the see of Augsberg at different dates : some have it at 869; others at 870 ; others again so late as A. D. 878, while none of those historic writers connect him in any way with Otmar, Arch- bishop of Mayence. The latter date is inconsistent with Lanto having received aid towards the church of St. Magnus from Ludovicus I. , King of Germany, during the life-time of that monarch, who died at Frankfort, August 28th, A. D. 876.
77 He bears the surname of Le Pieu. \ or I. c Vieil. He was born A. D. 806, and was brother to Lothaire and Pepin of Aquitaine. His father, known as Louis le Dibonnaire, had three sons by his first wife, Ermengarde.
pendenda; erant ex Aschawensi S. Magni ecclesia : nam centum et tredecim librae
faciunt sexaginta quatuor Morenos, triginta crucigeros et tinum halerum. Sic hodie dttm nobis etiamnum pendunt Aschawcn-. es quotannis pro censu sexaginta quatuor florenos. Quod ego pro ratione conjecturce meas assertum volo. "
'5 Father Suysken, in a note, points out cer-
tain coincidences of statement and phrase-
ology, between what is given in the Acts of
St. Magnus, and in the text of Walafridus or in the village situated on its banks. In Strabo, in " De Miraculis S. Galli,"
cap. xi.
i. , ii. , iii. , iv. , v. , pp. 382 to 388.
,8 See Georgius Heinricus Pertz's "Monu-
menta Germanise J listorica," tomus v. , Bernoldi Chronicon, p. 417.
"SonofChildebert III. , who died A. D. 711.
"
See J. (J. L. Simonde de Sismondi's His-
toire Francois," tome ii. , chap, xii. , p. 104.
20 The Acts have
it,
" narravit ei Theodo-
rus diversa et innumerabilia, qua? passus est
a pagensibus Hilargaugensibus," &c. This
means either the people living near the Iller,
the Ratisbon Manuscript is substituted " ab incolis Canipidonensibus. "
September 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
exalted you in this place by His great miracles, I had intended to send for and ordain you a priest through Divine assistance, on the coming fast of the seventh month. " 22 However, the humble Magnus declared himself to be unworthy of such an exalted dignity, on account of his many sins. Still, if on their meditated journey, the Almighty should manifest His approval of that intention, Magnus declared, as an obedient servant, he would oppose no further obstacle to the prelate's desire. On making that statement, Wictherp and Theodore saw a brilliant crown of glory encircling his head. The prelate, then rising, embraced Magnus, and cried out: "Almighty Lord, who hath deigned in the plenitude of Thy power to show such virtues in you, who have left your country to observe His precepts, may He cause you to magnify and guard the place destined for you, through the grace of Thy Holy Spirit. " Theodore devoutly answered, " Amen. " Again the Bishop said :
been called 23 because it lies midway 2* Eptaticus,
of the Blessed Afra 2 s and own cell. Therefore your
" Well has this
place monastery
between the
shall you know, that after my departure, I desire this possession to belong to
the Blessed and to St. Virgin
26 as if this is destined to be a place
Afra,
mediator between thy monastery and my church of Augsburg. " All three
then came to Kempten, and on the day of the church's consecration, Wictherp preached an impressive sermon before a great number of people.
About the same was time, Magnus
duly
remained for two days. Leaving Theodore in charge of Kempten, Magnus
set out for Fiissen, and the venerable prelate, Wictherp, went to his own place of residence.
St. Magnus spent six-and-twenty years of his life, at Fassen. 28 The
vation of the name as given in the text, "quasi idem vocabulum (Eptaticum) inter- pretetur medium, et non potius numerum
31 Father Charles Stengel supposes he had
discovered the site of this place, not far from
the River Lech, and an hour's journey from
the village of Eppach. There in a lonely sonet Septenarium, qui Grsec£ dicitur and uncultivated situation was a small iirra.
chapel, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and to St. Laurence. This information he re-
"
24 To the objection in the previous note, Father Suysken replies : "Recte : sed quidsi locus ille septem circiter leucis utrimque
ceived from a rustic.
earn omnino deveni sententiam, at mihi dissitus fuerit, inter Augustam scilicet et
September, &c. : for Quintilis, afterwards Julius, was the fifth month from Marcli ;
Quo responso in
Fauces medius ? Turn sane nihil erit, quod
improbet anonymus. "
25 Unless this be an interpolation of the
more recenr writer, according to Father
.
Martyrs, is celebrated on the 5th of August.
2? St. Gelasius, who flourished towards
the end of the fifth century, thus writes :
•'
Ordinationes etiam presbyterorum et diaconorum, nisi certis temporibus et diebus Sextilis, afterwards Augustus, the Sixth, exerceri non debent ; id est, q—uarti mensis
persuaded paterer, hanc ipse esse ecclesiam,
delectatum fuisse B. — qua Wicterpum legi-
nms, ubi et postea Herluca vitam egerit. " "
Monasteriologia. "
22 By this is understood the fast of Quatuor
Tense, in the month of September. It was
called the seventh month, because it is held,
that Romulus had ordered the year to com-
mence from March ; and although Numa Bernard Hertfelder states. However, Pompilius placed January and February Father Suysken would hesitate to place the before March, nevertheless the previous Regular Canons there in the age of St. numerical order of the months continued in
the writings of the ancients and ecclesiastical
authors. " That the year originally began with March is shown by the names of
several of the months ; as Quintilis, Sextilis,
and —wereaddedto &c. January February
the end of the year. " Thomas Henry
Dyer's History of the Kings of Rome," &c metres, south from Augsbourg, and 33
:
jejunio, septimi
etdecimi/'&c. Epistolaix.
Prefatory Dissertation, p. cxxvii.
23 The anonymous writer of the saint's
Ratisbon Acts thus finds fault with the deri-
kilometres south-east from Kempten. At present it contains about 2,000 inhabitants. On the 18th of April, 1745, a treaty was
ordained a 2? There they priest.
Suysken, by the monastery of St. Afra, we are to understand a community of Regular Canons, that occupied it before A. D. 1012, when the Benedictines succeeded them, as
Magnus.
26 The festival of St. Afra and Companions,
2b about kilo- This town of Bavaria is 90
152 LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. [September6.
miracles he wrought there caused the conversion of numberless infidels, so
2
that he was afterwards regarded as the Apostle of Suabia. 9 It is related, in
the Legend of his Life, that when he travelled through the mountains and valleys in different places, the bears remarkable for their ferocity, through the efficacy of his prayers, lost all their wildness, and went before him tamely as didoxenbeforetheherdsman. Atonelime,havingascendedahighmoun- tain, called Suilinc,3° through a miracle, veins of iron were discovered by him, in that district of country where h» dwelt. 31 These were afterwards worked to great advantage by the inhabitants. 32 He is said to have founded many monasteries,inthedioceseofAugsburg. Itmayherebeobserved,thatJoannes Tamayus Salazar 33 has converted this saint into a bishop and abbot of Spain ; but, this is a ridiculous statement, and not deserving the slightest attention. He also absurdly places Fauces in Spain, and states, that the saint had been canonized by Benton or Lanthon of Caesar Augusta, the classic name for the
present city of Saragossa.
After the death of Bishop Wictherp, it is stated, that through the recom-
mendation of the Blessed Magnus, Tozzo was elected to succeed him in the
see of Augsburg. In the twenty-sixth year of his incumbency,3< the holy Abbot took ill of a fever, and then Tozzo sent word to his most faithful
friend, Theodore, at Kempten, to hasten and comfort him. Immediately he
sorrowfully set out, taking with him what he supposed requisite for the aged patient. He found the holy Abbot of Fussen in the last extremity, and then Theodore sent a message for the Bishop to hasten with all speed. Tozzo lost no time in coming to his bed-side, and seeing the Blessed Magnus near
death, said in tears
:
" Alas ! beloved Father, alas ! illustrious teacher, do
youleavemeasanorphaninthemidstofmydangers! " Totheseexclama- "
tions, Magnus was able to reply
see me struggling in the storms of worldly adversity, since I have faith in God's mercies, and that my soul shall rejoice in the freedom of immortality ; however, I entreat you, not to withhold your pious prayers for me a sinner, nor cease to afford the aid of your intercession. "
:
Weep not, venerable prelate, because you
The Life of St. Magnus states, that he departed on a Sunday, about the ninth hour, and on the viii. Ides of September^ which correspond with the 6thofthismonth. WhileBishopTozzoandTheodorestoodweeping,they heard a voice from Heaven " and receive the
saying: Come, Magnus, come,
crown for ! " Then Tozzo said to Theodore " let us prepared you ; Brother,
cease weeping, for rather should we rejoice than grieve, on hearing such
"
Vita S. Magni," Babenstuber Austria. See Pierre Larousse's " Grand states, that they had been deserted in his
there concluded between Bavaria and 32 In his
Dictionnaire Universel du XIX. Steele," tome viii. , p. 895.
day, "sed cum ferritin habeant notae non
adeo bona-, at aliucl. quod ut vicinis nego-
ciatorilms — tolerabili importatur, venditurque
pretio, piidum desectae sunt. ' Lib. iii. ,
iii.
cap.
31 In his Spanish Martyrology. He wri'. es :
"Ad Fauces, oppidum in Vettonia His-
paniae, sancti Magni, qui cum Hispanias cum S. Columbano venisset, et monas- terium S. Martini in Placentinae urbis territorio abbas inclytus construxisset, et alia plura contra haereticos machinasset, post hujus vitas excursum miraculis Celebris et sanctitate conspicuus. ad aeternam quietem confessor properavit strenuus. "
29 See Les Petits
Bollandistes, e
" Vies des
Saints," tome x. , Jour vi Septembre, p.
n. 1.
30 In the edition of Goldast, it is written
Swilinjr, and in the German Life of our
saint Seyling. Under the latter form, it is
noted Merianus, in "
by Topographia
Suevise," as being near the town of Fuessen, on the other side of the Lech River.
*" In the Manuscript of our saint's Acts,
used by the anonymous writer of Ratisbon, about the middle of the eleventh century, is
"
read: ab illo igitur diversae ferri venae
528,
inveniebantur in
tern diem.
in
3* Others have it the
3s Such is the statement in the Acta
"
ipso loco, usque
praesen-
twenty-fifth,
September 6. 1 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 153
words, since his soul is taken to immortal bliss ; but let us go to the church, that we may prepare to immolate the Sacred Victim for our dearly loved friend. "
St. Magnus died in the seventy-fourth year of his age, and a. d. 655, according to the best computation. The exact date for his death, however, has divided the opinions of various writers;36 some placing it, at 654, 655,37 665,38 670,39 673, 683, 689, and 691. <° After the departure of the holy servant of God^his friends, Bishop Tozzo and Theodore, found a beautifully-formed stone coffin, fashioned in ancient
12 times by a magnate named Abuzac,* who also gave the name Abuzacum*
to a fort he had erected. In that coffin, no corpse had been previously
deposited. Having carefully prepared the interior, the body of our saint was then placed in it, and buried in that place, where he had built
an oratory. Moreover, in the tomb was deposited a Memoir of his virtues,
written by Theodore.
With this was placed a certificate in the Latin
thus be rendered into " Wherefore I, English :
and which
Theodorus, monk from the monastery of St. Gall, by order of Bishop Tozzo, as I have learned from Theodegisilus,*3 monk ot St. Columban, from conver- sations with him, as also with the Blessed Columban,** and from what I have seen with my own eyes and heard with mine own ears, either after he left me in the cell at Kempten, and as afterwards from the aforesaid venerable Bishop Tozzo, I have learned about his virtues many things ; but, not all have I cared to write in my tract,*s and I have placed at his head within the coffin for futuie times, when the Lord revealing it, then those who shall be pastors and rectors of the church, may rind it to be just and right ; so that those things that should be corrected they may Correct, and what should be emended
language,
may
they may emend ; moreover, may they not forget to pray for me to the servant of Christ, so that supported by the suffrages of such a Patron, my soul may obtain eternal rest. " * 6
42
Pseudo-Theodori. In the Goldast edition
By others called Abodiacuin or Abu- is the reading, in die S. Dominici. " This diacum. It is supposed to have been on seems to be the error of a copyist ; for if the site of the present town, named Ftissen. allusion be made to the founder of the See Philipus Cluverius, " Germanke An- Dominican Order, he expired on the 6th of tiquae, Libri Tres, necnon Vindelicia et
"
August, A. D. , 1 22 1. Moreover, in the Ratisbonand other copies of the saint's Acts
"
in die Dominico. "
See Matthew Rader's "Bavaria Pia,"
p. 188.
37 Father Constantine Suysken supposes
from the Chronotaxis of his Acts, that this is the most probable date for the death of
St. Magnus. Moreover, he calculates, that in 655, the viii. of the September Ides fell upon Sunday, which the ancient life of St. Magnus states to have coincided with the
Noricum," Leyde, 1616, folio.
43 He was probably the same as Theude-
we read, 36
gisilus, mentioned by Jonas, in Columbani," cap. xxiii.
**
Vita S.
he died. 45 The Acts have " in mea. " day it, pitatione
" in pictatio meo. " According to Du Cange,
in Basilica SS. " " and
pittacium," pitacium," "pietacium"
can be variously interpreted, and have been by the various authors quoted, but they
have generally the signification of tablets, papers, epistles, briefs, parchments, and tracts. See "Glossarium ad Scriptores mediae et infirmoe Latinitatis," tomus v. ,
col. 511.
44
<8 "
Mabillon thinks he departed about this Canisiushas in epitatiomeo," and Goldast
year.
3' Bernard
Hertfelder,
Udalrici et Afrae, pars Hi. , in Chronico, has
this date.
40
of St. Magnus occurred in a. d. 689 or in
Carolus Stengelius states, that the death
"
Commentarium Rerum Augus- tanum, pars ii. , cap. iii.
41 About this chief, nothing more seems to be known.
691. See
44 This passage in the "Acta Pseudo- Theodori," "de tanti viri conversationibus simul cum 15. Columbano comperi," is rightly omitted from the copies in Goldast, and in another anonymous manuscript, according to Father Suysken, who will not allow St. Magnus or Theodore to have lived under the rule of St. Columban.
In the edition of Goldast, the fore-
154 LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. [September6.
In art, St. Magnus or Magnoald is represented with a dragon,*? trans-
8
fixed by his pastoral staff, or with a bear at his side,* in allusion to
legends contained in his Acts.
Aft
—er the death of 4? Tozzo—
so far as was within his power gave protection to the monastery and its inmates, guarding their rights very carefully. To the last day of his life, also, the sacred remains of the Patron were preserved with honour, lights being placed around his shrine,
"
mentum. " The Bollandist editor considers,
Ermenrici Elewangensis monachi Supple-
that it has been improperly interpolated by a later writer.
50 St. Tozzo died about the year 66 1.
The
"Vita Pseudo-Theodori " inserted " tres "
menses," instead of menses quatuor," for
such was the difference between the 6th of
September, the day of Magnus' death, and
the 16th of January, that assigned for the
death of Tozzo. The Ratisbon Acts have :
14
Post obitum B. Magni in pontificatu annos v. et menses VI. gerens, xvn. Kal. Feb. vitam praesentem finiit. "
51 See Goldast's " Alamanicarum Rerum Scriptores," tomus ii. , pars i. The writer
"
of our saint's Acts adds:
clero suo Augustensi sub testimonio in eadem hatred itate. "
differences. See L.
P. Anquetil's" Hisloire
5-! His death has been to
assigned Sep- 709.
"
Historic Francorum
Magnus, Bishop
and clerics reciting the Divine Of%e. Bishop Tozzo survived the death of his friend for five years, and four months, departing this life on the xvii. of
the February Kalends. s° He had previously bequeathed some property for maintenance of the shrine of Blessed Magnus, according to a bond and stipulation of the German laws. 51 Subsequent to the death of the glorious King Pippin,s2 however, his sons53 began to quarrel among themselves. 54 Utilo or Odiloss became Duke of Bavaria, and Godefredusor Godefrit s6 was King over the Germans. Their wars caused great devastation throughout those districts where. they were waged. No longer was Theodore and his monksabletobearthepersecutionsandlosseshesustained5? atthehands of the spoilers around Kempten. Wherefore, he left the place, and sought
refuge at St. Gall, where he found the Blessed Othmar,s8 then oppressed with the weight of ^ears. Theodore told him all about St. Magnus, as also what
going account in the text is considerably
abridged.
47 He is held to have banished such a
monster from the neighbourhood of Ffissen.
53 Namely, Charles, who, when twenty- four or twenty-five years of age, had been crowned at Noyon, King of Burgundy and Neustria ; and Carloman at the age of
was at of eighteen crowned, Soissons, King
Austrasia, which included a large part of
49 What follows purports to have been a
subsequent addition to the narrative of reign of four years, and the Austrasian
48SeeRev. S.
"Livesof
Baring-Gould's
the Saints," vol. ix. , September 6, p. 95.
Theodore. In Goldast's edition it is headed,
nobles, disregarding his two infant sons, offered the crown to Charles, who then became sole monarch of France. Sec an account of these events in Capefigue's " Charlemagne," chap, vii. , pp. 117 to 142.
54 Their mother, Bertha, or Bertrada, had
much in — to reconcile then- difficulty trying
sepultusque a
burgensis," tomus i. , lib. xxiii. , num. 102, Wurtzburg, 1727, fob
5(5 According to a fragment of Erchanbert, he shook off the French yoke, and died A. D.
See Duchesne's
tember 24th, A. D. 768. He ruled over Scriptores," tomus i. , p. 780, and tomus ii. ,
France very gloriously for forty-seven years,
having carried his arms against the Saracens,
and his conquests into Italy and Germany.
Before his death, which was caused by Theodori, at this portion of the narrative.
dropsy, at the age of fifty-three, he divided his dominions between his two sons, Charles
and Carloman ; a third son, Gilles, having
been educated in a monastery, became a "
58 This must have been intended for St. Othmar, whose feast is held on the 16th of November, and who became Abbot of St. Gall, A. D. 720, and who presided over it for
religious. See Henri Martin's Ilistoirede nearly forty years, having died A. D. 759. France," tome ii. , liv. xii. , pp. 250, 251. However, this statement in the text cannot
Germany. The latter died after a brief
de France," Deuxieme Race dite des Carlo*
vingiens, sect, i. , p. 60.
55 He died about the year 747. He was in rebellion against Carloman and Pepin, Majors-domi to the Kings of Franee, but he wasconqueredbythem. SeeJohnGeorge
"
Francise Orientalis et Episcopatus Virce-
Eckhart's
Commentarius de Rebus
P- 3-
57 Certain anachronisms are pointed out
by Father Suysken, in the Acta Pseudo-
September 6. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 155
he and his community suffered from the pagans and bad Christians. In
Othmar informed him about the losses himself had endured,5? owing to the action of the wicked Counts Ruadhard and Warin, the tyrants of Germany. ThenOthmarselectedagoodandprudentmemberofhiscom-
Affairs remained in this state of collision, until the great monarch,
turn,
named
Kempten, until peace should be restored. He permitted Theodore to remain at St. Gall, to the day of his death.
munity,
Peretgothus,
6° and four other monks, to take of charge
Charlemagne,
6 ' subdued the
of and the Saxons. 62 Germany
petty dynasts
Then hearing, that the religious establishments at Augsburg, Kempten, as
also the monasteries of St. Afra and of Magnus, had been utterly ruined,
that great monarch resolved on restoring them.
and St. Magnus 6* he also enlarged the limits of his diocese,65 so as to make . ;
it extend,66 on both banks of the River Lech. 6?
of 63 for the see of Sintpert
ruled that church for nearly thirty years. That prelate restored the monasteries of St. Afra
be historically accurate, as Theodore could not have survived even to the first year of
Othmar's incumbency.
59 See in Mabillon the " Acta S. Othmari,
at the 1 8th of November. He died A. D. 761. See J. C. L. Simonde de Sismondi's
cathedral of that city. See Charles Knight's
"English Cyclopaedia of Biography," vol. ii. , col. 169. It is strange, that no tradition
remains, regarding the spot . where this great Emperor's remains had been deposited in that venerable cathedral, although the marble sarcophagus, brought from Rome, and in which he desired to be buried, is
there preserved.
63 He is called Simpertus, by Matthew
"
"
Panie, chap, i. , p. 212.
Histoire de Francais," tome ii. , Seconde
60
Canisius has the name Berthgozus ;
Goldast Perechtgozus ; and the Ratisbon
Acts have Pertgozus.
ham's
posthaec Leopoldus
Augsburg.
Afterwards,
Sintpert
Bavaria Sancta," vol. iii.
64 See Mabillon's '• Annales Ordinis S. A. D. 771—, Charles—better known as Char- Benedicti," tomus ii. , lib. xxv. , sect, xiii. ,
lemagne became sole ruler of France, p. 255.
having taken possession of Burgundy and 63 The following Latin verses commemo-
"
South Gaul. See Eginhard's
Magni. " After Charlemagne had forced founders :
61 On the death of his brother Carloman
Rader, in
He procured the election
Vita Caroli rate Simpertus, together with other religious
the Saxon chiefs to give hostages for their
future obedience, "so far from observing the treaty, they poured their wild hordes into Franconia, burnt every church and
that fell in their — and monastery way, put
every creature to the sword. " A. S. Dun-
"
History of the Germanic Empire," vol. L, book i. , chap, i. , p. 28.
62 The Saxons, under their brave and able
leader, Witikind, had given him a strenuous
opposition from a. d. 772 to 780. After
several sanguinary campaigns, Witikind was
at length obliged to submit. Having re-
ceived baptism, his days were afterwards appended to the manuscript Life of our ended in peace on his domains in the north saint. Also, Velserus relates, that Char-
of Germany. Charlemagne had occasion to
wage war against Tassilo, Duke of Bavaria,
a feudatory of the Frankish monarchs, who
had assisted or connived at Witikind's in-
cursions. He was subdued and taken
prisoner, but his life was spared by Char- ad Oenum tantum, posterius ad Lycum lemagne, who had him confined in a usque pertingit. ''—" Rerum Augustanarum convent A. D. 794. In the year 800, this
renowned monarch was everywhere vic-
torious and master of the best part of the
European Continent. In January, 814, III. , whose pontificate began a. d. 795,
Charlemagne died of pleurisy at Aix-la-
Chapelle, after a reign of forty-seven years. He was buried with great pomp in the
authorised that extension of the diocese of Augsburg, and that it was confirmed by Charlemagne,
" Ccenobium Fuessen regali dote Pipinus Fundavit, sancti permotus numine Magni : Vastatum Caesar reparavit Carolus idem,
Atque Augustana Simpertus praesul in
urbe Austriacae terrae,
:
Suevorum dux tarunt. "
Guelpho
66 "
In the Acts of St. Magnus, parochia"
"
stated by Abbot Henry, in certain notes
is the word used for
dioecesis. " This is
lemagne made that extension in favour of
Bishop Simpertus. He adds
manuscripto codice legere memini, Simper- turn Augustanam dioecesim Novicorum finibus auxisse : antiquum Noricum * * *
Vindelicarum," lib. iv.
67 In the editions of our saint's Acts by
Canisius and Goldast, it is stated that Leo
marchio ampliter augmen-
:
" In vetusto
*5* LIVESOETHEIRISHSAINTS. [September6.
'-'
his sons
sequently of divisions among themselves. Fearing the designs and ambition of Lothaire, Ludovicus, in league with his step-brother, Charles le Chauve, raised an army, and in 841, a memorable battle was gained at Fontenoy over Lothaire and the
After the death of 68 it is stated ^ that he was succeeded Sintpert,
by Bishop Hatto,? who ruled for seven years, and who acquired much property for the church through his family connexions^1 but who was not able to effect any improvements in it during so short a term. ? a However, his successor, Nittarius," it is said, first commenced the building of a large church in honour of St. Magnus. A consultation had been held with the Archbishop
of Mayence, named Otgar,? 4 and his other suffragan Bishops, to know if it should be desirable, that the sac^pd remains might be translated to a more
ornate and conspicuous shrine. This project was approved of by all, and the permission of King Ludovicus was also obtained. 75 The work of church
building was prosecuted by other prelates, and especially by Lanto,'6 who finished the nave, in the fifth year of his episcopacy, through the aid afforded by the renowned King Ludovicus I. ,? 7 third son of the illustrious Emperor Ludovicus, surnamed Le Debonnaire. ? 8 That elegantly appointed church" was built over the spot, where the body of Magnus had been consigned to the tomb.
68 He is stated to have died about A. D. 818.
^ There is much uncertainty regarding the order of succession of Bishops over the
see of Augsburg, especially in the ninth century, and owing chiefly to the miscon- ceptions and opinions of writers in after
years. Their varying statements are pointed out and critically examined by Father
"'
Suysken in Acta Sanctorum, tomus ii. ,
Septembris vi. , De S. Magno, &c, Com- mentarius Praevius, sect, viii. , pp. 716 to 720.
70 Besides the " Acta Pseudo-Theodori"
of our saint, two other manuscript copies have Hatto, as in the text ; while the Ratis- bon and another copy have the name written Hanto ; Canisius and Goldast read Lanto. Hatto or Hauto is said to have belonged to the noble family of the Andecensian Counts.
habuit, quiedam bona ad episcopatum acquisivit. "
Krueger, Corbinian Khamm and others, who have allusion to Lanto, place the com- mencement of his episcopacy over the see of Augsberg at different dates : some have it at 869; others at 870 ; others again so late as A. D. 878, while none of those historic writers connect him in any way with Otmar, Arch- bishop of Mayence. The latter date is inconsistent with Lanto having received aid towards the church of St. Magnus from Ludovicus I. , King of Germany, during the life-time of that monarch, who died at Frankfort, August 28th, A. D. 876.
77 He bears the surname of Le Pieu. \ or I. c Vieil. He was born A. D. 806, and was brother to Lothaire and Pepin of Aquitaine. His father, known as Louis le Dibonnaire, had three sons by his first wife, Ermengarde.
