Ardshrath
afterwards got the name Rathlurig, took possession the beginning the fifth century.
Four Masters - Annals of Ireland
This territory comprised the present counties of Tyrone and Derry, with a large portion of Donegal, between Lough Foyle and Lough Swilly, namely, the peninsula of Inisowen, and the greater part of the barony of Raphoe.
It is connected with some of the earliest events in Irish history.
We find, for instance, in Keating and O'Flaherty, that in the reign of Tigearumas, who was monarch of Ireland about nine centuries before the Christian era, the lake now called Lough Foyle suddenly burst forth and overflowed the adjoining plain, which was called Magh Fuinsidhe.
This lake, mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters, and in O'Flaherty, as Loch Feabhail Mic Lodain, that the Lake Feval, son Lodan, obtained its name from Feval, son
Lodan, one the Tuath-De-Danan chiefs, who was drowned its waves. this territory, on high hill moun
tain, called Grianan, the eastern shore Lough Swilly, south Inch Island, was situated the celebrated fortress called the Grianan Aileach, from Grianan, palace royal residence, and Aileach Oileach, which signifies stone fortress. was also called Aileach Neid, having derived its name, according O'Flaherty, from Neid, one the Tuath-De-Daman princes (see Ogygia, II. 28). This fortress was for many ages the seat
the ancient kings Ulster. was built circular form great stones without cement, and was immense strength,
that style denominated Cyclopean architecture, and some extensive ruins remain this day. This fortress, according the Annals the Four Masters, was taken and plundered,
937, the Danes, which occasion they took prisoner Muir cheartach O'Neill, then the celebrated prince Aileach, who, however, was soon afterwards released. 1101, Murtogh O’Brien, king Munster, with powerful force, invaded Ulster, marched Easroe (Ballyshannon), proceeded Inisowen, and took the fortress Aileach, which totally demolished, revenge the destruction the palace Kincora, the royal seat the kings
Mac William Burke.
Hugh O’Neill, lord Tir Eogain,' heir
Munster Clare, by Donal Mac Loughlin, king Ulster,
1088. This palace Aileach supposed have been the Regia Ptolemy, the celebrated Greek geographer, the second cen tury, and the river marked Argita his Map Ireland, con
sidered have been the Finn, which the chief branch the Foyle river. The territory surrounding the fortress Aileach,
obtained the name Moy Aileach, the Plain Elagh.
Tir Eogain obtained name from Eogan, Owen, one
the sons Niall the Nine Hostages, monarch Ireland, who conquered this territory the beginning the fifth century, and
its
hence its name, Tir Eogain, anglicised into Tiroen, Tyrone.
was taken from the old pos sessors the race Ir, Clanna Rory, its sovereignty was transferred the race of Heremon. From the circumstance of its
being possessed the descendants Eogan, called Cinel Eogain, Kinel Owen, the territory also obtained the name Kinel Owen. According the Books Leacan and Ballymote, and other authorities, this territory was divided between the ten sons Eogan, whose descendants gave names the various districts.
the note the kingdom Meath, has been stated that the Hy Nialls, the descendants the monarch Niall the Hos tages, were divided into two great branches, namely, the Southern and Northern. The southern Hy Nialls, already explained, were kings Meath, and many them monarchs Ireland. The northern Hy Nialls, which there were two great branches, namely, the race Eogan, who were princes Tyrone, and the race Conall, who were princes Tirconnell, also furnished many monarchs Ireland; but the descendants Eogan were the most celebrated all the Milesian clans; and them, great many were kings Ulster, and, according O'Flaherty, sixteen were also monarchs Ireland. The race Eogan took the name
O'Neill the tenth century, from Niall Glundubh, monarch Ireland, who was killed great battle with the Danes, near Dublin, A. D. 919. branch the O'Neills took the name O'Loughlin, and Mac Loughlin, from Loughlin, one their ancient chiefs. the Annals, during the eleventh and twelfth centuries, several princes and kings Ulster the Mac Loughlins are mentioned; and some them were also monarchs Ireland;
H
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50 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1230.
presumptive to the throne of Ireland, the defen of Ireland), a man who had given neither hos der of Leath Cuinn (or the northern half of tages nor tributes to either English or Irish, who
Ireland), against the English and the people of Leath Mogha Nuadhat (or the southern half
but the O'Neills afterwards recovered their supremacy, and made a distinguished figure in Irish history, down to the seventeenth century, as princes of Tyrone, and kings of Ulster. The O'Neills had their chief seat at Dungannon, and were inaugurated as princes of Tyrone, at Tullaghoge, a place between Grange and Donaghenry, in the parish of Desertereight, in the barony of Dungannon, where a rude seat of large stones served them as a coronation chair. This, however, was broken by order of the lord deputy Mountjoy, in the reign of Elizabeth.
The chiefs and clans of Tir Eogain, and the territories possessed
by each in the twelfth century, are collected from O’Dugan as
follows:—O'Dugan commences with the territory of Aileach of
the Kings, of which he gives—I. O’Neill and Mac Loughlin as
princes or kings. II. O’Cathain, or O’Kane, who was of the race
of Eogan, or a branch of the O'Neills, and who was the chief of
Cianacht of Gleanna Geibhin, or Keenaght of Glengiven. The
O'Kanes were also chiefs of the Creeve, now the barony of Cole
rain, and in after times this powerful clan possessed the greater
part of the county of Derry, which was called O’Kane's country;
they also possessed,at an early period, part of Antrim, and had
their seat at the castle of Dunseverick, as already stated in the
note on Dalriada. III. O’Conchobhair or the O'Conors, who were
chiefs of Cianachta before the O’Kanes, and were descendants of
Cian, son of Oilioll Olum, king of Munster: hence their territory
obtained the name of Cianachta, a name still preserved in the
barony of Keenaught, county of Derry. IV. O’Duibhdiorma or
O'Dooyiorma, sometimes anglicised O’Dermott or Mac Dermott,
but a distinct clan from Mac Dermott, prince of Moylurg in Con
naught. The O’Dooyiormas are represented by O’Dugan as one
of the noblest clans of the Kinel Owen; they were chiefs of Loney, a district known as the Monter Loney Mountains in Breadach, a territory which lay along the western banks of Lough
Foyle, and comprised the parishes of Upper and Lower Moville, in
the barony of Inisowen. The name of this district is still preserved
in the small river Bredag, which falls into Lough Foyle. W.
O'Gairmledhaidh, or O'Gormley, chief of Kinel Moain, or Moen,
now the barony of Raphoe, county of Donegal. This district
derived its name from Moain, one of the descendants of Eogan.
VI. Moy Itha, or Moy Ith, and Kinel Enda, two districts adjoining
had gained many victories over the English, and defeated them with great slaughter, and who had
Cathmaoil, head chieftain of the Kinel Firadaigh, and of the Clan Aongusa, Clan Dubhinreachtaidh, and Clan Fogortaigh, and chief of the councils of the North of Ireland. This name was sometimes changed to Mac Campbell, and Mac Caghwell, and also to Caul field. The Cathmaoils were a powerful clan in Tyrone, and many of them in Monaghan, Louth, and Armagh. XVIII. The clans of Maolgeimridh, and of Maolpadraig, who possessed the two dis tricts of Kinel Firedhaidh, in the east of Tyrone. XIX. Muintir Taithligh, of Hy Laoghaire, of Lough Lir, a name anglicised to Mac Tully. XX. O'Hainbitir, chief of Hy Seaain.
The following chiefs and clans, not given in O’Dugan, are col
lected from various other sources: I. O’Criochain, chief of Hy Fiachra, a territory which comprised the parish of Ardstraw, and
some adjoining districts in Tyrone, and is mentioned in the Annals at A. D. 1200. II. O'Quinn, chief of Moy Lugad, and of Siol Cathusaigh, as given in the Annals at A. D. 1218. Moy Lugad, according to the Books of Leacan and Ballymote, lay in Keenaught of Glengiven, county of Derry. III. The O'Cearbhallains, O'Cairellains, or O'Carolans, a namesometimes anglicised to Carle
ton: they are frequently mentioned in the Annals as chiefs of Clan Diarmada, now the parish of Clandermod, or Glendermod, in Derry. IV. The O’Brolchains, or O’Brolchans, a name sometimes changed to Bradly. These were a numerous clan near Derry, but originally of the Kinel Firadaigh, in the south of Tyrone, and were a branch of the Kinel Owen. V. Mac Blosgaidh, or the Mac Closkeys, a numerous clan in the parish of Dungiven, and some adjoining parts: they were a branch of the O’Kanes. VI. The O’Devlins, chiefs of Muintir Devlin, near Lough Neagh, on the bor ders of Derry and Tyrone. VII. The O'Looneys, chiefs of Muintir
Kinel Moain, partly in the barony of Raphoe, and partly in the
barony of Tirkeeran in Derry. O'Flaherty places Moy Ith in Owen. These O'Flahertys, who settled in Tyrone, appear to have Cianachta, the ancient name of a large territory in this part been a branch of the great family of the O'Flahertys of Connaught. of Derry. According to O’Dugan, the following were the XI. The O'Murrys, given in O'Conor's Map of Ortelius, as a clan in chiefs of Moy Ith, namely, O'Baoighill, or O'Boyle; O'Maol
breasail; O'Cuinn, or O'Quinn; and O'Cionaotha, or O'Kenny.
VII. O'Bruadair, or O'Brody; O'Maoilfabhaill; and O'Ho
gain, chiefs of Carruic Brachuighe, still traceable by the
name Carricbrack, in the barony of Inisowen. VIII. The O'Neills, as already stated, maintained their independence O'Hagain, or O'Hagan, chief of Tulachog, or Tullaghoge, in down to the end of the sixteenth century, as princes of Tyrone; the parish of Desertereight, barony of Dungannon, county of and in the reigns of Henry VIII. and Elizabeth, bore the titles of Tyrone. IX. O'Dunagain, or O'Donegan; Mac Murchadh, or earls of Tyrone, and barons of Dungannon. The last celebrated Mac Murrogh; O'Fergail, O'Ferrall, or O'Freel ; and Mac chiefs of the name were Hugh O'Neill, the great earl of Tyrone,
Ruaidhri, or Rogers, chiefs of Tealach Ainbith, and of Muintir Birn, districts in the baronies of Dungannon and Strabane. X. O’Ceallaidh, or O'Kelly, chief of Kinel Eachaidh, or Corca. Each aidh, probably Corkaghee, barony of Dungannon. XI. O’Tighear naidh, or O'Tierney; and O'Ciarain, or O'Kieran, chiefs of Fearn muigh. XII. O’Duibhduanaidh; O'Haighmaill, or Hamill; and
O'Heitigein, or O’Etigan, chiefs of three districts called Teallach Cathalain, Teallach Duibhrailbe, and Teallach Braemain. XIII. O'Maolfothartaigh, and O’Heodhasa, or O'Heosey, chiefs of Kinel Tighearnaigh. XIV. O'Cuanaich, or O'Cooney ; and O'Baoth ghalaigh, chief of Clan Fergus. XV. O'Murchadha, or O'Mur rogh, and O'Meallain, chiefs of Siol Aodha-Eanaigh. XVI. Mac Fiachraigh, chief of Kinel Feradaigh, in the south of Tyrone. XVII. O'Hairnin, O'Maelfabhaill, and the Clan Cathmaoil, chiefs
famous as the commander of the northern Irish in their wars with Elizabeth ; and Owen Roe O'Neill, the general of the Irish of Ulster, in 1641, and the Cromwellian wars. Several of the O'Neills have been distinguished in the military service of Spain, France, and Austria. In consequence of the adherence of the Ulster chiefs to Hugh O'Neill, in the wars with Elizabeth, six counties in Ulster were confiscated, namely, Tyrone, Derry, Done gal, Fermanagh, Cavan, and Armagh, in the reign of James I. In the survey of Ulster, by Captain Pynmar, A. D. 1619, as in Harris's Hibernica, the following English and Scotch families are given as the settlers in Tyrone, in accordance with the project of locating British colonies, called the Plantation of Ulster. The earl of Abercorn; sir George Hamilton; sir Claude Hamilton; sir Robert Newcomen; sir John Drummond; the earl of Castle
of Kinel Firadhaidh, in the north of Tyrone. In the Annals of the haven; sir William Stewart; sir John Davis; the lord Ridgeway; Four Masters, A. D. 1185, mention is made of Gillcreest Mac George Ridgeway; sir Gerrard Lowther; the lord Burley; sir
Tyrone. VIII. O’Connellan, chief of Crioch Tullach, in Tyrone, a namewhich has beenby some changed to Conolly. IX. O'Don ghaile, or O'Donnellys, chiefs in Tyrone, at Ballydonnelly, and other parts. X. O'Nena, or O'Nenys, or Mac Nenys, a name which
has been anglicised to Bird. These were chiefs of note, and pos sessed the territory of Kinel Naena, in Tyrone, bordering on Monaghan. Of this family was Count O'Neny, of Brussels, in the Austrian service, under the Empress Maria Theresa. X. O'Fla herty, mentioned in the Annals at A. D. 1187, as lord of Kinel
Derry. XII. The Mac Shanes, a name anglicised to Johnson, who were a clan in Tyrone. XIII. The O'Mulligans, anglicised to Moli neux, who were also a clan in Tyrone. XIV. The O'Gneeves, heredi tary bards to the O'Neills. This name has beenanglicised to Agnew.
Trevors, viscounts Dungannon; the Stewarts, viscounts Castle stewart; the Knoxes, earls Ranfurley; and the Alexanders, barons of Caledon.
Derry. the reign Elizabeth, the lord deputy, sir John Perrott, formed O’Kane's country into county, which was called
seat June,
learning and religion. St. Columkille died the 9th 597, the seventy-sixth year his age, and was
chief town the county Colerain and the reign the plantation Ulster with British colonies, com undertakers, consisting merchants and traders from
buried
Ireland, and interred Downpatrick.
always held the highest veneration one the tutelar saints Ireland. the year 590, St. Columkille, accompanied Aidan, king
from
James
pany
London, got grants the county Colerain and town Derry, hence the city and county got the name Londonderry.
the Albanian Scots, came convention held Dromceat,
Ireland attend the great national Cianachta, near Glengiven, the provincial kings, princes, chiefs,
REIGN OF HENRY III. 51
levied tributes both on English and Irish enemies, Art, son Art O’Rourke, was slain Ran
and contemplated the conquest of Ireland, mall O’Finn.
died, though was rather expected that would Malachy O'Monaghan was killed his kins have fallen battle with the English. IIlein.
Francis Willoughby; sir William Cope; John Leigh; William Tirconnell. The name Irish Colum, and signifies dove, Parsons; Robert Heyborne; Stewart, lord Uchiltree; latinised Columba, but was generally called by the Irish Captain Saunderson; Robert Lindsey; Alexander Richardson; Colum Cille, Columkille, that Colum the Churches, from Andrew Stewart; David Kennedy; the lord Chichester; sir Toby the many churches and monasteries he had founded, both Ire Caulfield; sir Francis Roe William Parsons sir Francis
Annesley, and the lord Wingfield.
The following noble families Tyrone are given from the reign
James the present time. The Poers were earls Tyrone, title which afterwards passed, intermarriage, the
Beresfords. The Blounts, viscounts Mountjoy, title which after
wards passed the families Stewart and Gardiner. The after him Hy Columkille, afterwards Iona, which was long famous
Rathlure, from St. Lurec Lurac, whom its church was
dedicated. The see Ardsrath Rathlure, early period,
was transferred Maghera, the county Derry, and afterwards
annexed Derry the twelfth century. The bishops these were designated Kinel Conaill, the race Connell, name which sees were styled bishops Tir Eogain Tyrone, bishops
Cinel Eogain. See Derry: St. Columkille,
was also applied the territory.
:- Inis Saimer stated, by the ancient Annalists, residence of Wood Calgach, which St. Adamnanus, abbot Iona, the Partholan, who planted the first colony Ireland. This the
monastery was founded the sixth century, place called Doire Calgach, that the Oak
this territory, amongst which the following may noticed
small island near the cataract, called the Salmon-leap, Bally shannon. got the name Inis Saimer, the Island Saimer, from the circumstance Partholan having there killed Saimer, the favourite greyhound his queen. This island gave the name Saimer the river now called the Erne, and Lough Erne, which
island which was called Tor Conuing, the Tower Conuing, and hence the island got the name Tor Inis, Tower-Island,
modern times Tory Island. The places along the coast Donegal and Brefney, Leitrim, are stated the scenes many greatbattles between the Fonorians and the colony called Nemedians.
The plain between the rivers Erne and Drobhaois, that between Conall Gulban, son Niall the Hostages, monarch Ire Ballyshannon and Bundrowes, was called Magh Ceitne, which, land, and consequently the same race the O'Donnells, princes Keating states, derived this name from the frequent payment
seventh century, his Life St. Columkille, translates Robo retum Calgachi was also called Doire Coluim Cille, the Oak Wood St. Columkille, anglicised Derry Columkille, and
gave its name the city and county Derry. these Annals the church the monastery called Dubh Reglais, signifying
ancient times was called Lough Saimer. The waterfall Bally shamnon connected with another early event, namely, the death Aodh Ruadh, king Ireland, who was drowned there about
the Black Church, and latinised
abbey was long famous seat
abbots were also styled bishops.
bishop's see was formed Derry, which was afterwards five centuries before the Christian era, hence was called Eas annexed the see Ardsrath, Rathlure. A. D. 1164, Maurice Aodha-Ruaidh, that the cataract Red Hugh, and hence Mac Loughlin, king Ireland, erected cathedral Derry, Eas-roe, Ashroe, was the ancient name Ballyshamnon. The which, together with the abbey and other ecclesiastical establish
ments, was destroyed the English, under Henry Docwra,
Fomorians, whom account has been given the note Dal riada, formed settlements the coast Donegal, and, under one their commanders, named Conuing, erected fortress an
the reign
£reater part Tyrone, and Antrim.
Elizabeth. The diocese Derry comprehends the
the county large portion
Londonderry, with nearly half Donegal, and very small portion
St. Columkille, often mentioned
was native Tir Connell, and born
Kilmacrenan, county Donegal, A. D. 521. He was descendant
Ware, Cella nigra. This learning and religion, and
the twelfth century regular
the course Gartan,
these Annals, the barony
land and North Britain. the year 563, proceeded that part North Britain called Albany, afterwards Scotland, missionary, and converted the inhabitants Christianity, hence has beenstyled the Apostle the Picts. Having received the pa tronage and support his relative Conall, then king the Albanian Scots, founded monastery island the Hebrides, called
Iona, but his remains were
long time after removed His memory has been
brother Eogan, who conquered Tir Eogain, and son the monarch Niall the Hostages, and from him the territory obtained the name Tir Conaill, the country Connell, and his posterity
Some the earliest events Irish history are connected with
-
The following noble families derive their titles from this county. The family Pitt, formerly marquesses Londonderry, title
Derry, which was attended
bishops, and clergy, arrange great contention that arose
the bards, whose order the king had resolved suppress, but now possessed the Stewarts. The Hamiltons, earls Aber Columkille opposed their abolition, and advocated their continuance
corn, and barons Strabane. The families Hare and Hanger, barons of Colerain.
Ecclesiastical divisions. The following account the bishops' sees Tir Eogain, have been collected from Ware, Colgan,
Lanigan, and other sources. Clogher, the seat the diocese
under proper regulations, useful national institution, and
Clogher, Clogher, the county Tyrone, part county contains. This seewas founded St. Macartin, century, and an account has been given the mote
which the fifth Orgiall.
the county Donegal not contained Tir Eogain, the boundary
between both being Lough Swilly; but the twelfth century the O'Maoldorrys and O’Donnells, princes Tir Connell, became mas ters the entire Donegal, thus making Lough Foyle and the rivers Foyle and Finn the boundaries betweenTir Connell and Tir
Ardsratha the river Derg, now the parish Ardstraw,
Tyrone, was ancient bishops' see founded St. Eugene the Eogain. This territory got its name from Conall Gulban, who sixth century.
Ardshrath afterwards got the name Rathlurig, took possession the beginning the fifth century. He was
between Hugh, son Ainmireach, then monarch Ireland, and
through his influence the bards were continued, and all differences amicably arranged.
II, Tir Conaill. This territory comprised the remaining portion
ofof of
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52 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1231.
on the 15th December, was succeeded by Donogh O’Conor.
Flann O'Connachty, bishop of Hy Briuin Brefney (Kilmore), died.
Tir Hugh. O'Tairceirt, chief Clann Neachtain, and the deliver up at that place cattle, corn, and even some of their chil Annals (A. D. 1197 and 1212), Clann Smedsaile. VI. Mac
dren, as a tribute. Dubhain Mac Duvany’s, chiefs Kinel Nenna Kinel Enda. The race of Conall Gulban, who possessedTir Connell, are cele This district, according O'Flaherty, lay Inisowen. VII.
A. D. 1231.
Dionysius O’Moore, bishop of Elphin, having ended his days on Trinity Island, in Lough Key,
tributes there, the Fomorians having compelled the Nemedians to
brated in Irish history, and, according to O'Flaherty and others,
furnished ten of the monarchs of Ireland. In the tenth century a
branch of the Kinel Connell, or descendantsof Conall Gulban,
took the name of O'Canani,ain, many of whom were celebrated
chiefs, particularly Roderick O'Camanmain,who was distinguished
for his great valour and abilities. Charles O'Conor, in his Dis Annals, 1197, Eachmarcach O'Dogherty mentioned
sertations on the History of Ireland, states that he was heir pre sumptive to the crown, and got himself chosen king by military
election, and expelled for a time the monarch Congalach from the throne. In A. D. 948, the Danes of Dublin and other parts of Ire land, having collected a powerful army, under Godfred, the son of
Sitric, Ivar, and other leaders, marched into Meath. Roderick
O'Canannain, at the head of the Irish forces, marched to oppose
their progress, and in a great battle fought on the festival of St.
Andrew the Apostle (30th of November), at Muine Brocain, the
Danes were totally defeated, seven thousand of them being slain,
amongst whom was Ivar, one of their generals, but O'Cananmain
himself, towards the close of the battle, was killed in the thick of
of the fight. Godfred, the son of Sitric, with the survivors, fled
to Dublin. The place where this battle was fought, mentioned as Suibhne the Mac Sweenys, branch the O'Neills which
Muine Brocain, is supposed to have been Ardbraccan. Another branch of the race of Comall Gulban took the name O'Maoldoraidh, or O'Muldorry, and became princes of Tir Connell. In the Annals of the Four Masters in the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries, accounts are given of many contests between the O'Cananmains and O'Maoldoraidhs, those rival chiefs of the same race, as con tending for the sovereignity of Tir Connell.
The O'Donnells, in the twelfth century, became princes of Tir Connell, and were of the same race as the O'Canannains and O'Muldorrys, being descendants of Comall Gulban. The tribe name, at an early period, was Clan Dalaidh, from Dalach, one of their chiefs. They are called in O’Dugan's poem, “Clanna Dalaigh na n-donn sgiath,” that the brown shields. They afterwards took the name O'Domhnaill, O'Donnell, from Domhnall, Donal, one their ancient chiefs. The O'Don nells, from the twelfth the end the sixteenth century, make very distinguished figure Irish history, princes Tirconnell. The last celebrated chief the name was Red Hugh O'Donnell, long famous one the chief commanders the northern Irish
their wars with Elizabeth, whose actions copious accounts
are given the course Red Hugh O'Donnell quarian Researches,
settled Donegal, and formed three great families, namely, Mac Sweeney Fanaid, who had extensive territory west Lough
Swilly, and whose castle was Rathmullin Mac Sweeny Bogh aimach, Tir Boghaine, now the barony Banagh, who had
his castle Rathain, and which territory was situated Reach rain Muintire Birn, now Rathlin O’Beirne Islands; and Mac Sweeny Na d-Tuath, signifying Mac Sweeny the Territories. His districts were also called Tuatha Toraighe, the districts Tory Island. This Mac Sweeny's possessionslay the barony Kilmakreman. According O'Brien and others, was called Mac Sweeny Nad-Tuagh, signifying Mac Sweeny the Battle-axes, title said derived from their being standard bearers and mar shals the O’Donnells, and chiefs Galloglasses. branch these Mac Sweenys who were distinguished military leaders, settled
Munster the county Cork, the thirteenth century, and became commanders under the Mac Carthys, princes Desmond. II. O'Galchobhair O'Gallaghers, derived from Gallchobhair, war rior, were clan note Donegal, the baronies Raphoe and Tirhugh, and had castle Ballyshamnon, and also possessedthe castle Lifford, and were commanders O’Donnell's cavalry.
Sir John O'Gallagher mentioned O'Furanain given by O’Dugan which probably was the Rosses,
these Annals. An interesting Life given that learned work, The Anti Sir William Betham. Rory O'Donnell, the last chief the race, was created earl Tyrconnell, but died
the wars Elizabeth. III. his poem chief Fiond Ruis,
exile reign
mentioned the Annals the Inquisitions Donegal.
1177. Ferdrom O'Lainidh men
the barony Raphoe, O'Clerys, celebrated
the Continent, and his estates were confiscated the
the O'Donnells have been celebrated Spain, France, and Austria. The O'Don
O'Donnelly, chief
James Many the service nells were inaugurated
generals
the Annals 1178. O'Clerigh
the hereditary historians the O'Donnells, and the learned authors
princes Tirconnell Doune, Kilmacrenan, and had their chief castle
The following clans and chiefs Tir Conaill
the Rock Donegal.
the twelfth cen
the Annals the Four Masters, and many other valuable works Irish history and antiquities. They had large possessions
tury, are given O’Dugan under the head Kinel Conaill:
O'Maoldoraigh, O'Cananmain, and Clann Dalaigh, were the prin the barony Tirhugh, and resided their castle Kilbarron, the cipal chiefs. The Clann Dalaigh was the tribe name the ruins of which still remain situated on rock on the shore of the O'Donnells, before stated. II. O'Baoighill O'Boyles, were Atlantic near Ballyshannon. VII. Mac Anbhaird, the Mac chiefs Clann Chindfaoladh, Tir Ainmireach, and Tir
Boghaine, which territories comprised the present baronies Boy
lagh and Bannagh, Crioch Baoighilleach, the country the
O'Boyles, mentioned the Annals, gave name the barony
Boylagh, Tir Boghaine was the barony Banagh. III. O’Maoil
maghna, probably O'Mulvany, chief Magh Seireadh Magh the reign James the following families English and Scotch
Seireadh may probably traced mentioned the Inquisitions O'Hugh, chief Easruadh, that
townland called Massarey, Donegal. IV. O'Haodha
Ballyshannon, the barony
settlers are given the possessors this county, Pymar's Survey, 1619. John Murray got all Boylagh and Banagh, being ten thousand acres. The following had various districts:—
Mac Loingseachain Mac Lynchys, chiefs Gleann Binne,
Gleann m-Binne, and O’Breislen, chief Fauaid,on the western shore Lough Swilly. VIII. O’Dochartaigh O'Dogherty, chief
Ard Miodhair. The O’Doghertys were powerful sept, branch the O’Donnells, and became chiefs Imisowen and the
chief all Tirconnell. The O’Dogherty's maintained their rank chiefs Inisowen down the reign James when sir Cahir O'Dogherty was killed contest with the English. IX. Mac Gillesamhais, chief Ros Guill, now Rosgull, the barony Kilmakreman. O'Cearmachain, O'Kernaghan and
O'Dalachain, O'Dullaghan, chiefs the Tuath Bladhaidh. XI. O'Maolagain O'Mulligan, chief Tir Mac Caerthain. XII. O’Donnagain, and Mac Gaiblin, chiefs Tir Breasail. O'Maolgaoithe, chief Muintir Maoilgaoithe. Some this name
have been anglicised Mac Ghee, and others And Mac Tighearmain Mac Terman, chief
Wynn. XIII. Clan Fearghoile.
O’Dugan, are col lected from the Four Masters, and various other sources. Mac
The following chiefs and clans not given
O'Donngaile
Inisowen,
mentioned
tioned chief Kinel Moain, district
Wards, were clan Donegal, and many O'Donnells, and were very learned men.
them bards the
Tir Connell was formed into the county Donegal sir John Perrott, the reign Elizabeth, and
the lord deputy, its confiscation, and
the settlement British colonies called the Plantation Ulster,
the barony Boylagh. IV. Fear Droma, district
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Ireland. More, who was the mother of Manus, son of
piety, and learning, died.
Fethfoilge, daughter of Conor Mac Dermott,
and wife of Murtogh Muimnagh, son of Torlogh
Murtogh, of Conor, of Roderick, of Tuathal, and
Drom Mochuda,"
pilgrimage, in the monastery of Boyle, and his wife Duvhemragh, daughter of O'Quinn, also died.
Ualgarg O’Rourke, lord of Brefney, died on
Conn O'Flanagan, prior that place. Tiopraid O’Breen, the coarb St. Comman,”
man learned divinity, history, and laws, died Inis Clothran, while pilgrimage there.
REIGN OF HENRY III.
53
Cathal Crovdearg, was made Celechair O’Dobhailem (or O’Devlin), aircin prisoner Mac William Burke, Meelick, each of Camma," a man eminent for charity, violation the faith the English nobles
A. D. 1232.
Fachtna O’Hallgaith, coarb
of Torlogh the priest, prior of the church of SS. and official Hy Fiachra, man who kept house Peter and Paul, died. hospitality for the entertainment the learned,
Duvchovlagh, daughter of Conor Mac Dermott, and for the relief the sick and indigent, died. died in the monastery of Boyle. The church Kilmore, Tir Briuin the Flaherty O'Flanagan, chief of Clan Cathail,” Shannon, was consecrated by Donogh O'Conor, son of Muireadhach Muilleatham, died on his bishop Elphin, and canons were appointed there
Stephen O’Breen, aircineach of Mayo, died. Felim, son
Hugh, the son Awlave, son Donal O’Fer Giolla-Iosa Mac Samhradhain, chief of Teal rall, chief Anally, was burned on the island
his pilgrimage to the river (Jordan).
lach Eachdach,” and Duinnin O'Mulconary, chief Lough Cuille, by the sons Hugh Ciabhach, son
poet and historian of Siol Murray (Roscommon), died.
Conor Gott O'Hara, lord of Lieney, died. Donall O’Donnell, lord of Tirconnell, and
Murogh O'Ferrall, having been chief Anally
for nine years after Murogh Carragh O'Ferrall. Manus, son Awlave, son Teige Mac Mul
roomy, luminary hospitality, generosity, and Angus Mac Gillefinem, of Fermanagh, marched piety, died.
their forces into the territory of Cathal O’Reilly; Donogh, the son Tomaltach Mac Dermott, conveyed their vessels to Lough Uachtair," plun man eminent for hospitality, and generosity
dered Eo Inis, and carried away the provisions the distressed
Connaught, died epidemic. Hugh, son Roderick O'Conor,
and treasure of the entire town.
captain Thomas Dutton; Alexander Cunningham John Cun
ningham James Cunningham Cuthbert Cunningham sir James
Cunningham; James Mac Cullagh; William Stewart; Laird
Dunduff; Alexander Mac Awley, alias Stewart; the Laird
Lusse sir John Stewart; Peter Benson William Wilson;
Thomas Davis; captain Mansfield; sir John Kingsmill; sir Ralph
Bingley; sir Thomas Coach sir George Marburie; sir William
Stewart; sir Basil Brooke; sir Thomas Chichester; sir John tribe were called from Cathal, son Muireadhach Muilleathan, Vaughan; John Wray; Arthur Terrie; captain Henry Hart; king Connaught, who died 700.
captain Paul Gore; Nathaniel Rowley; William Lynn; and captain Sandford.
The following have been the noble families Donegal since the reign James The Fitzwilliams, earls Tyrconnell. Richard
Talbot, lord lieutenant Ireland the reign James II. , was
created duke Tyrconnell. The families Brownlow and Car lakes lying between Cavan, Killeshandra and Belturbet the penter have beensubsequentlyearls Tyrconnell. The Chichesters, county Cavan, was called O'Reilly's country. Eo Inis
earls Donegal. The Conynghams, earls Mountcharles. The Cockaynes, barons Cullen. And the Hewitts, barons Lifford. Amongst the great landed proprietors resident this county,
may mentioned, Lord George Hill, nobleman justly estimated
the Holy Island, which was plundered, was probably Trinity
Island Lough Oughter, where there was abbey founded by this Cathal O'Reilly, prince East Brefney; perhaps may
have been Urney, where there was abbey and small town, near Lough Oughter.
A. D. 1232.
Dromamucadha, now the parish Dromacoo, the barony
Dunkellin, county Galway. This parish was Hy Fiachra, territory co-extensive with the diocese Kilmacduagh.
Coarb St. Comman, that abbot Roscommon.
by Mrs. Hall, and other tourists, landlords Ireland.
one the most excellent
Diocese Raphoe. The see
Eunan, whom Lanigan considers
Adamnan, the celebrated abbot
who was native Tyrconnell.
greater part the county Donegal. On the Island Lough
Raphoe was founded St. have been the same person Iona, the seventh century,
The diocese comprehends the
Conor, son
Derg, the county
age, called St. Patrick's Purgatory.
Donegal, the celebrated place pilgrim
A. D. 1231.
Camma Camcha, parish the barony Athlone, county
of Roscommon.
Clan Cathail, district Roscommon near Elphin, and the
Teallach. Eachdach, now the barony Tullaghaw, the county Cavan, which the Mac Samhradhains were chiefs,
name that has beenchanged Mac Gauran, and some angli cised to Somers.
Loch Uachtair. This was Lough Oughter, chain large
a of
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2.
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54 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1233.
having escaped from the English, was joined by many them, but was himself killed the midst
the sons of some chiefs of Connaught, with whom he marched into the Tuatha (in Roscommon), to
the fight.
A. D. 1233.
Geoffrey O’Doighre, aircineach' Derry
make seizures there, but was slain by the Tuatha,
along with Gillkelly O'Heyne, Gillcreest the son
of Donogh Mac Dermott, and many others. On Columkille, died.
that day the people of Tuatha had white handled battle-axes, from which arose the adage, “The man with the white axe slew the son of
Maolisa O'Maonaigh, psalmodist, died.
Donagh, archdeacon arbiter who settled
dignified priest and
Achaigh Fobhair,” disputes and contentions,
Hugh. ” -
Hugh, the son appointed king
Roderick O'Conor, was again Connaught, Mac William
man dignity and honour, died the 15th day of December.
Burke,” and made peace with him after had
made Feilim, the son Cathal Crovdearg, pri his forces into Connaught, and Cormac, the son
Tomaltagh Mac Dermott, lord Moylurg, went meet him, and brought him with him Moy lurg, where they constructed camp Druim Gregraighe, and were joined Cormac, by Conor his son, and the people the three Tuatha, and and who kept house hospitality both for rich the two sons Murtogh Mac Dermott, Donogh
SOInel".
The castle Rickard
Bona Gaillmhe was erected by Burgo, and the castle Dun Iom
gain" was commenced Adam Stanton. Giolla-na-neev O'Daly, man learned poetry,
Feilim O'Conor, son Cathal Crovdearg, led
and poor, died.
Maoleoin, the Deaf, O'Mulconery, took Cluan
Bolcain.
Feilim, the son Cathal Crovdearg, was set liberty the English.
and Murtogh. They then held council, which
they resolved pursuit Hugh, king
Connaught, and the other sons Roderick; they
attacked and defeated Hugh, the son Roderick,
slew himself, Hugh Muimnagh his brother, his son,
and Donogh More MacDermott, son Roderick,
with many others. There were also slain Raghallagh O'Flanagan, Thomas Biris, constable Ireland,
Conor, son Niall O'Gormley, chief Maoin, died.
Kinel
Tirconnell, which expedition plundered Englishmen. This was after they had been cursed
Donal O'Loughlin, lord Tyrone,
marched
with force consisting English and Irish into John his brother, and John Guer, with many other
Fanat, and took hostages from Donal O'Boyle, and from O’Tairceirt.
O’Donnell marched his forces into Tyrone, and arrived Tullaghoge, where killed the cattle, burned the corn, plundered the country, and re
and excommunicated bell, crozier, and the extin guishing candles, the clergy Connaught, for Hugh Muimnagh had violated and plundered Tibo hine Roscommon), and many other churches,
that and his adherents fell avengement the dishonour they had done the saints
turned home triumph.
Midbeach and Eaghinish" were plundered by by violating their churches. The kingdom and
the Kinel Owen, which place they took their government Connaught were that day wrested shipping, but party the Kinel Connell, headed from the sons Roderick, the son Torlogh.
by the son Niall O'Donnell, attacked and slew
Inisclothran, island Lough Ree, the Shannon,
between Roscommon and Longford, where there was famous abbey.
Mac William Burke, often mentioned this period, was
Felim, the son Cathal Crovdearg, then assumed Eaghinis and Midhbheach, now Aghinis and Mevagh, near
Richard Burgo, son William
ceeded Jeoffrey Marisco deputy Ireland,
Fitzadelm Burgo. He suc lord justice, and was also lord
already ex archdeacon, Colgan, archidiacomus, hence these
Caislean Dun Iomgain was the castle Dunamon, near
the river Suck, Roscommon. The other castle was Galway.
and has been translated Annals the word will
Lough Swilly, barony Kilmakreman, county A. D.
Lodan, one the Tuath-De-Danan chiefs, who was drowned its waves. this territory, on high hill moun
tain, called Grianan, the eastern shore Lough Swilly, south Inch Island, was situated the celebrated fortress called the Grianan Aileach, from Grianan, palace royal residence, and Aileach Oileach, which signifies stone fortress. was also called Aileach Neid, having derived its name, according O'Flaherty, from Neid, one the Tuath-De-Daman princes (see Ogygia, II. 28). This fortress was for many ages the seat
the ancient kings Ulster. was built circular form great stones without cement, and was immense strength,
that style denominated Cyclopean architecture, and some extensive ruins remain this day. This fortress, according the Annals the Four Masters, was taken and plundered,
937, the Danes, which occasion they took prisoner Muir cheartach O'Neill, then the celebrated prince Aileach, who, however, was soon afterwards released. 1101, Murtogh O’Brien, king Munster, with powerful force, invaded Ulster, marched Easroe (Ballyshannon), proceeded Inisowen, and took the fortress Aileach, which totally demolished, revenge the destruction the palace Kincora, the royal seat the kings
Mac William Burke.
Hugh O’Neill, lord Tir Eogain,' heir
Munster Clare, by Donal Mac Loughlin, king Ulster,
1088. This palace Aileach supposed have been the Regia Ptolemy, the celebrated Greek geographer, the second cen tury, and the river marked Argita his Map Ireland, con
sidered have been the Finn, which the chief branch the Foyle river. The territory surrounding the fortress Aileach,
obtained the name Moy Aileach, the Plain Elagh.
Tir Eogain obtained name from Eogan, Owen, one
the sons Niall the Nine Hostages, monarch Ireland, who conquered this territory the beginning the fifth century, and
its
hence its name, Tir Eogain, anglicised into Tiroen, Tyrone.
was taken from the old pos sessors the race Ir, Clanna Rory, its sovereignty was transferred the race of Heremon. From the circumstance of its
being possessed the descendants Eogan, called Cinel Eogain, Kinel Owen, the territory also obtained the name Kinel Owen. According the Books Leacan and Ballymote, and other authorities, this territory was divided between the ten sons Eogan, whose descendants gave names the various districts.
the note the kingdom Meath, has been stated that the Hy Nialls, the descendants the monarch Niall the Hos tages, were divided into two great branches, namely, the Southern and Northern. The southern Hy Nialls, already explained, were kings Meath, and many them monarchs Ireland. The northern Hy Nialls, which there were two great branches, namely, the race Eogan, who were princes Tyrone, and the race Conall, who were princes Tirconnell, also furnished many monarchs Ireland; but the descendants Eogan were the most celebrated all the Milesian clans; and them, great many were kings Ulster, and, according O'Flaherty, sixteen were also monarchs Ireland. The race Eogan took the name
O'Neill the tenth century, from Niall Glundubh, monarch Ireland, who was killed great battle with the Danes, near Dublin, A. D. 919. branch the O'Neills took the name O'Loughlin, and Mac Loughlin, from Loughlin, one their ancient chiefs. the Annals, during the eleventh and twelfth centuries, several princes and kings Ulster the Mac Loughlins are mentioned; and some them were also monarchs Ireland;
H
this country Eogan, when
the country Owen, afterwards consequence the conquest
of
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A. D.
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50 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1230.
presumptive to the throne of Ireland, the defen of Ireland), a man who had given neither hos der of Leath Cuinn (or the northern half of tages nor tributes to either English or Irish, who
Ireland), against the English and the people of Leath Mogha Nuadhat (or the southern half
but the O'Neills afterwards recovered their supremacy, and made a distinguished figure in Irish history, down to the seventeenth century, as princes of Tyrone, and kings of Ulster. The O'Neills had their chief seat at Dungannon, and were inaugurated as princes of Tyrone, at Tullaghoge, a place between Grange and Donaghenry, in the parish of Desertereight, in the barony of Dungannon, where a rude seat of large stones served them as a coronation chair. This, however, was broken by order of the lord deputy Mountjoy, in the reign of Elizabeth.
The chiefs and clans of Tir Eogain, and the territories possessed
by each in the twelfth century, are collected from O’Dugan as
follows:—O'Dugan commences with the territory of Aileach of
the Kings, of which he gives—I. O’Neill and Mac Loughlin as
princes or kings. II. O’Cathain, or O’Kane, who was of the race
of Eogan, or a branch of the O'Neills, and who was the chief of
Cianacht of Gleanna Geibhin, or Keenaght of Glengiven. The
O'Kanes were also chiefs of the Creeve, now the barony of Cole
rain, and in after times this powerful clan possessed the greater
part of the county of Derry, which was called O’Kane's country;
they also possessed,at an early period, part of Antrim, and had
their seat at the castle of Dunseverick, as already stated in the
note on Dalriada. III. O’Conchobhair or the O'Conors, who were
chiefs of Cianachta before the O’Kanes, and were descendants of
Cian, son of Oilioll Olum, king of Munster: hence their territory
obtained the name of Cianachta, a name still preserved in the
barony of Keenaught, county of Derry. IV. O’Duibhdiorma or
O'Dooyiorma, sometimes anglicised O’Dermott or Mac Dermott,
but a distinct clan from Mac Dermott, prince of Moylurg in Con
naught. The O’Dooyiormas are represented by O’Dugan as one
of the noblest clans of the Kinel Owen; they were chiefs of Loney, a district known as the Monter Loney Mountains in Breadach, a territory which lay along the western banks of Lough
Foyle, and comprised the parishes of Upper and Lower Moville, in
the barony of Inisowen. The name of this district is still preserved
in the small river Bredag, which falls into Lough Foyle. W.
O'Gairmledhaidh, or O'Gormley, chief of Kinel Moain, or Moen,
now the barony of Raphoe, county of Donegal. This district
derived its name from Moain, one of the descendants of Eogan.
VI. Moy Itha, or Moy Ith, and Kinel Enda, two districts adjoining
had gained many victories over the English, and defeated them with great slaughter, and who had
Cathmaoil, head chieftain of the Kinel Firadaigh, and of the Clan Aongusa, Clan Dubhinreachtaidh, and Clan Fogortaigh, and chief of the councils of the North of Ireland. This name was sometimes changed to Mac Campbell, and Mac Caghwell, and also to Caul field. The Cathmaoils were a powerful clan in Tyrone, and many of them in Monaghan, Louth, and Armagh. XVIII. The clans of Maolgeimridh, and of Maolpadraig, who possessed the two dis tricts of Kinel Firedhaidh, in the east of Tyrone. XIX. Muintir Taithligh, of Hy Laoghaire, of Lough Lir, a name anglicised to Mac Tully. XX. O'Hainbitir, chief of Hy Seaain.
The following chiefs and clans, not given in O’Dugan, are col
lected from various other sources: I. O’Criochain, chief of Hy Fiachra, a territory which comprised the parish of Ardstraw, and
some adjoining districts in Tyrone, and is mentioned in the Annals at A. D. 1200. II. O'Quinn, chief of Moy Lugad, and of Siol Cathusaigh, as given in the Annals at A. D. 1218. Moy Lugad, according to the Books of Leacan and Ballymote, lay in Keenaught of Glengiven, county of Derry. III. The O'Cearbhallains, O'Cairellains, or O'Carolans, a namesometimes anglicised to Carle
ton: they are frequently mentioned in the Annals as chiefs of Clan Diarmada, now the parish of Clandermod, or Glendermod, in Derry. IV. The O’Brolchains, or O’Brolchans, a name sometimes changed to Bradly. These were a numerous clan near Derry, but originally of the Kinel Firadaigh, in the south of Tyrone, and were a branch of the Kinel Owen. V. Mac Blosgaidh, or the Mac Closkeys, a numerous clan in the parish of Dungiven, and some adjoining parts: they were a branch of the O’Kanes. VI. The O’Devlins, chiefs of Muintir Devlin, near Lough Neagh, on the bor ders of Derry and Tyrone. VII. The O'Looneys, chiefs of Muintir
Kinel Moain, partly in the barony of Raphoe, and partly in the
barony of Tirkeeran in Derry. O'Flaherty places Moy Ith in Owen. These O'Flahertys, who settled in Tyrone, appear to have Cianachta, the ancient name of a large territory in this part been a branch of the great family of the O'Flahertys of Connaught. of Derry. According to O’Dugan, the following were the XI. The O'Murrys, given in O'Conor's Map of Ortelius, as a clan in chiefs of Moy Ith, namely, O'Baoighill, or O'Boyle; O'Maol
breasail; O'Cuinn, or O'Quinn; and O'Cionaotha, or O'Kenny.
VII. O'Bruadair, or O'Brody; O'Maoilfabhaill; and O'Ho
gain, chiefs of Carruic Brachuighe, still traceable by the
name Carricbrack, in the barony of Inisowen. VIII. The O'Neills, as already stated, maintained their independence O'Hagain, or O'Hagan, chief of Tulachog, or Tullaghoge, in down to the end of the sixteenth century, as princes of Tyrone; the parish of Desertereight, barony of Dungannon, county of and in the reigns of Henry VIII. and Elizabeth, bore the titles of Tyrone. IX. O'Dunagain, or O'Donegan; Mac Murchadh, or earls of Tyrone, and barons of Dungannon. The last celebrated Mac Murrogh; O'Fergail, O'Ferrall, or O'Freel ; and Mac chiefs of the name were Hugh O'Neill, the great earl of Tyrone,
Ruaidhri, or Rogers, chiefs of Tealach Ainbith, and of Muintir Birn, districts in the baronies of Dungannon and Strabane. X. O’Ceallaidh, or O'Kelly, chief of Kinel Eachaidh, or Corca. Each aidh, probably Corkaghee, barony of Dungannon. XI. O’Tighear naidh, or O'Tierney; and O'Ciarain, or O'Kieran, chiefs of Fearn muigh. XII. O’Duibhduanaidh; O'Haighmaill, or Hamill; and
O'Heitigein, or O’Etigan, chiefs of three districts called Teallach Cathalain, Teallach Duibhrailbe, and Teallach Braemain. XIII. O'Maolfothartaigh, and O’Heodhasa, or O'Heosey, chiefs of Kinel Tighearnaigh. XIV. O'Cuanaich, or O'Cooney ; and O'Baoth ghalaigh, chief of Clan Fergus. XV. O'Murchadha, or O'Mur rogh, and O'Meallain, chiefs of Siol Aodha-Eanaigh. XVI. Mac Fiachraigh, chief of Kinel Feradaigh, in the south of Tyrone. XVII. O'Hairnin, O'Maelfabhaill, and the Clan Cathmaoil, chiefs
famous as the commander of the northern Irish in their wars with Elizabeth ; and Owen Roe O'Neill, the general of the Irish of Ulster, in 1641, and the Cromwellian wars. Several of the O'Neills have been distinguished in the military service of Spain, France, and Austria. In consequence of the adherence of the Ulster chiefs to Hugh O'Neill, in the wars with Elizabeth, six counties in Ulster were confiscated, namely, Tyrone, Derry, Done gal, Fermanagh, Cavan, and Armagh, in the reign of James I. In the survey of Ulster, by Captain Pynmar, A. D. 1619, as in Harris's Hibernica, the following English and Scotch families are given as the settlers in Tyrone, in accordance with the project of locating British colonies, called the Plantation of Ulster. The earl of Abercorn; sir George Hamilton; sir Claude Hamilton; sir Robert Newcomen; sir John Drummond; the earl of Castle
of Kinel Firadhaidh, in the north of Tyrone. In the Annals of the haven; sir William Stewart; sir John Davis; the lord Ridgeway; Four Masters, A. D. 1185, mention is made of Gillcreest Mac George Ridgeway; sir Gerrard Lowther; the lord Burley; sir
Tyrone. VIII. O’Connellan, chief of Crioch Tullach, in Tyrone, a namewhich has beenby some changed to Conolly. IX. O'Don ghaile, or O'Donnellys, chiefs in Tyrone, at Ballydonnelly, and other parts. X. O'Nena, or O'Nenys, or Mac Nenys, a name which
has been anglicised to Bird. These were chiefs of note, and pos sessed the territory of Kinel Naena, in Tyrone, bordering on Monaghan. Of this family was Count O'Neny, of Brussels, in the Austrian service, under the Empress Maria Theresa. X. O'Fla herty, mentioned in the Annals at A. D. 1187, as lord of Kinel
Derry. XII. The Mac Shanes, a name anglicised to Johnson, who were a clan in Tyrone. XIII. The O'Mulligans, anglicised to Moli neux, who were also a clan in Tyrone. XIV. The O'Gneeves, heredi tary bards to the O'Neills. This name has beenanglicised to Agnew.
Trevors, viscounts Dungannon; the Stewarts, viscounts Castle stewart; the Knoxes, earls Ranfurley; and the Alexanders, barons of Caledon.
Derry. the reign Elizabeth, the lord deputy, sir John Perrott, formed O’Kane's country into county, which was called
seat June,
learning and religion. St. Columkille died the 9th 597, the seventy-sixth year his age, and was
chief town the county Colerain and the reign the plantation Ulster with British colonies, com undertakers, consisting merchants and traders from
buried
Ireland, and interred Downpatrick.
always held the highest veneration one the tutelar saints Ireland. the year 590, St. Columkille, accompanied Aidan, king
from
James
pany
London, got grants the county Colerain and town Derry, hence the city and county got the name Londonderry.
the Albanian Scots, came convention held Dromceat,
Ireland attend the great national Cianachta, near Glengiven, the provincial kings, princes, chiefs,
REIGN OF HENRY III. 51
levied tributes both on English and Irish enemies, Art, son Art O’Rourke, was slain Ran
and contemplated the conquest of Ireland, mall O’Finn.
died, though was rather expected that would Malachy O'Monaghan was killed his kins have fallen battle with the English. IIlein.
Francis Willoughby; sir William Cope; John Leigh; William Tirconnell. The name Irish Colum, and signifies dove, Parsons; Robert Heyborne; Stewart, lord Uchiltree; latinised Columba, but was generally called by the Irish Captain Saunderson; Robert Lindsey; Alexander Richardson; Colum Cille, Columkille, that Colum the Churches, from Andrew Stewart; David Kennedy; the lord Chichester; sir Toby the many churches and monasteries he had founded, both Ire Caulfield; sir Francis Roe William Parsons sir Francis
Annesley, and the lord Wingfield.
The following noble families Tyrone are given from the reign
James the present time. The Poers were earls Tyrone, title which afterwards passed, intermarriage, the
Beresfords. The Blounts, viscounts Mountjoy, title which after
wards passed the families Stewart and Gardiner. The after him Hy Columkille, afterwards Iona, which was long famous
Rathlure, from St. Lurec Lurac, whom its church was
dedicated. The see Ardsrath Rathlure, early period,
was transferred Maghera, the county Derry, and afterwards
annexed Derry the twelfth century. The bishops these were designated Kinel Conaill, the race Connell, name which sees were styled bishops Tir Eogain Tyrone, bishops
Cinel Eogain. See Derry: St. Columkille,
was also applied the territory.
:- Inis Saimer stated, by the ancient Annalists, residence of Wood Calgach, which St. Adamnanus, abbot Iona, the Partholan, who planted the first colony Ireland. This the
monastery was founded the sixth century, place called Doire Calgach, that the Oak
this territory, amongst which the following may noticed
small island near the cataract, called the Salmon-leap, Bally shannon. got the name Inis Saimer, the Island Saimer, from the circumstance Partholan having there killed Saimer, the favourite greyhound his queen. This island gave the name Saimer the river now called the Erne, and Lough Erne, which
island which was called Tor Conuing, the Tower Conuing, and hence the island got the name Tor Inis, Tower-Island,
modern times Tory Island. The places along the coast Donegal and Brefney, Leitrim, are stated the scenes many greatbattles between the Fonorians and the colony called Nemedians.
The plain between the rivers Erne and Drobhaois, that between Conall Gulban, son Niall the Hostages, monarch Ire Ballyshannon and Bundrowes, was called Magh Ceitne, which, land, and consequently the same race the O'Donnells, princes Keating states, derived this name from the frequent payment
seventh century, his Life St. Columkille, translates Robo retum Calgachi was also called Doire Coluim Cille, the Oak Wood St. Columkille, anglicised Derry Columkille, and
gave its name the city and county Derry. these Annals the church the monastery called Dubh Reglais, signifying
ancient times was called Lough Saimer. The waterfall Bally shamnon connected with another early event, namely, the death Aodh Ruadh, king Ireland, who was drowned there about
the Black Church, and latinised
abbey was long famous seat
abbots were also styled bishops.
bishop's see was formed Derry, which was afterwards five centuries before the Christian era, hence was called Eas annexed the see Ardsrath, Rathlure. A. D. 1164, Maurice Aodha-Ruaidh, that the cataract Red Hugh, and hence Mac Loughlin, king Ireland, erected cathedral Derry, Eas-roe, Ashroe, was the ancient name Ballyshamnon. The which, together with the abbey and other ecclesiastical establish
ments, was destroyed the English, under Henry Docwra,
Fomorians, whom account has been given the note Dal riada, formed settlements the coast Donegal, and, under one their commanders, named Conuing, erected fortress an
the reign
£reater part Tyrone, and Antrim.
Elizabeth. The diocese Derry comprehends the
the county large portion
Londonderry, with nearly half Donegal, and very small portion
St. Columkille, often mentioned
was native Tir Connell, and born
Kilmacrenan, county Donegal, A. D. 521. He was descendant
Ware, Cella nigra. This learning and religion, and
the twelfth century regular
the course Gartan,
these Annals, the barony
land and North Britain. the year 563, proceeded that part North Britain called Albany, afterwards Scotland, missionary, and converted the inhabitants Christianity, hence has beenstyled the Apostle the Picts. Having received the pa tronage and support his relative Conall, then king the Albanian Scots, founded monastery island the Hebrides, called
Iona, but his remains were
long time after removed His memory has been
brother Eogan, who conquered Tir Eogain, and son the monarch Niall the Hostages, and from him the territory obtained the name Tir Conaill, the country Connell, and his posterity
Some the earliest events Irish history are connected with
-
The following noble families derive their titles from this county. The family Pitt, formerly marquesses Londonderry, title
Derry, which was attended
bishops, and clergy, arrange great contention that arose
the bards, whose order the king had resolved suppress, but now possessed the Stewarts. The Hamiltons, earls Aber Columkille opposed their abolition, and advocated their continuance
corn, and barons Strabane. The families Hare and Hanger, barons of Colerain.
Ecclesiastical divisions. The following account the bishops' sees Tir Eogain, have been collected from Ware, Colgan,
Lanigan, and other sources. Clogher, the seat the diocese
under proper regulations, useful national institution, and
Clogher, Clogher, the county Tyrone, part county contains. This seewas founded St. Macartin, century, and an account has been given the mote
which the fifth Orgiall.
the county Donegal not contained Tir Eogain, the boundary
between both being Lough Swilly; but the twelfth century the O'Maoldorrys and O’Donnells, princes Tir Connell, became mas ters the entire Donegal, thus making Lough Foyle and the rivers Foyle and Finn the boundaries betweenTir Connell and Tir
Ardsratha the river Derg, now the parish Ardstraw,
Tyrone, was ancient bishops' see founded St. Eugene the Eogain. This territory got its name from Conall Gulban, who sixth century.
Ardshrath afterwards got the name Rathlurig, took possession the beginning the fifth century. He was
between Hugh, son Ainmireach, then monarch Ireland, and
through his influence the bards were continued, and all differences amicably arranged.
II, Tir Conaill. This territory comprised the remaining portion
ofof of
by of as of of in
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as
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52 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1231.
on the 15th December, was succeeded by Donogh O’Conor.
Flann O'Connachty, bishop of Hy Briuin Brefney (Kilmore), died.
Tir Hugh. O'Tairceirt, chief Clann Neachtain, and the deliver up at that place cattle, corn, and even some of their chil Annals (A. D. 1197 and 1212), Clann Smedsaile. VI. Mac
dren, as a tribute. Dubhain Mac Duvany’s, chiefs Kinel Nenna Kinel Enda. The race of Conall Gulban, who possessedTir Connell, are cele This district, according O'Flaherty, lay Inisowen. VII.
A. D. 1231.
Dionysius O’Moore, bishop of Elphin, having ended his days on Trinity Island, in Lough Key,
tributes there, the Fomorians having compelled the Nemedians to
brated in Irish history, and, according to O'Flaherty and others,
furnished ten of the monarchs of Ireland. In the tenth century a
branch of the Kinel Connell, or descendantsof Conall Gulban,
took the name of O'Canani,ain, many of whom were celebrated
chiefs, particularly Roderick O'Camanmain,who was distinguished
for his great valour and abilities. Charles O'Conor, in his Dis Annals, 1197, Eachmarcach O'Dogherty mentioned
sertations on the History of Ireland, states that he was heir pre sumptive to the crown, and got himself chosen king by military
election, and expelled for a time the monarch Congalach from the throne. In A. D. 948, the Danes of Dublin and other parts of Ire land, having collected a powerful army, under Godfred, the son of
Sitric, Ivar, and other leaders, marched into Meath. Roderick
O'Canannain, at the head of the Irish forces, marched to oppose
their progress, and in a great battle fought on the festival of St.
Andrew the Apostle (30th of November), at Muine Brocain, the
Danes were totally defeated, seven thousand of them being slain,
amongst whom was Ivar, one of their generals, but O'Cananmain
himself, towards the close of the battle, was killed in the thick of
of the fight. Godfred, the son of Sitric, with the survivors, fled
to Dublin. The place where this battle was fought, mentioned as Suibhne the Mac Sweenys, branch the O'Neills which
Muine Brocain, is supposed to have been Ardbraccan. Another branch of the race of Comall Gulban took the name O'Maoldoraidh, or O'Muldorry, and became princes of Tir Connell. In the Annals of the Four Masters in the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries, accounts are given of many contests between the O'Cananmains and O'Maoldoraidhs, those rival chiefs of the same race, as con tending for the sovereignity of Tir Connell.
The O'Donnells, in the twelfth century, became princes of Tir Connell, and were of the same race as the O'Canannains and O'Muldorrys, being descendants of Comall Gulban. The tribe name, at an early period, was Clan Dalaidh, from Dalach, one of their chiefs. They are called in O’Dugan's poem, “Clanna Dalaigh na n-donn sgiath,” that the brown shields. They afterwards took the name O'Domhnaill, O'Donnell, from Domhnall, Donal, one their ancient chiefs. The O'Don nells, from the twelfth the end the sixteenth century, make very distinguished figure Irish history, princes Tirconnell. The last celebrated chief the name was Red Hugh O'Donnell, long famous one the chief commanders the northern Irish
their wars with Elizabeth, whose actions copious accounts
are given the course Red Hugh O'Donnell quarian Researches,
settled Donegal, and formed three great families, namely, Mac Sweeney Fanaid, who had extensive territory west Lough
Swilly, and whose castle was Rathmullin Mac Sweeny Bogh aimach, Tir Boghaine, now the barony Banagh, who had
his castle Rathain, and which territory was situated Reach rain Muintire Birn, now Rathlin O’Beirne Islands; and Mac Sweeny Na d-Tuath, signifying Mac Sweeny the Territories. His districts were also called Tuatha Toraighe, the districts Tory Island. This Mac Sweeny's possessionslay the barony Kilmakreman. According O'Brien and others, was called Mac Sweeny Nad-Tuagh, signifying Mac Sweeny the Battle-axes, title said derived from their being standard bearers and mar shals the O’Donnells, and chiefs Galloglasses. branch these Mac Sweenys who were distinguished military leaders, settled
Munster the county Cork, the thirteenth century, and became commanders under the Mac Carthys, princes Desmond. II. O'Galchobhair O'Gallaghers, derived from Gallchobhair, war rior, were clan note Donegal, the baronies Raphoe and Tirhugh, and had castle Ballyshamnon, and also possessedthe castle Lifford, and were commanders O’Donnell's cavalry.
Sir John O'Gallagher mentioned O'Furanain given by O’Dugan which probably was the Rosses,
these Annals. An interesting Life given that learned work, The Anti Sir William Betham. Rory O'Donnell, the last chief the race, was created earl Tyrconnell, but died
the wars Elizabeth. III. his poem chief Fiond Ruis,
exile reign
mentioned the Annals the Inquisitions Donegal.
1177. Ferdrom O'Lainidh men
the barony Raphoe, O'Clerys, celebrated
the Continent, and his estates were confiscated the
the O'Donnells have been celebrated Spain, France, and Austria. The O'Don
O'Donnelly, chief
James Many the service nells were inaugurated
generals
the Annals 1178. O'Clerigh
the hereditary historians the O'Donnells, and the learned authors
princes Tirconnell Doune, Kilmacrenan, and had their chief castle
The following clans and chiefs Tir Conaill
the Rock Donegal.
the twelfth cen
the Annals the Four Masters, and many other valuable works Irish history and antiquities. They had large possessions
tury, are given O’Dugan under the head Kinel Conaill:
O'Maoldoraigh, O'Cananmain, and Clann Dalaigh, were the prin the barony Tirhugh, and resided their castle Kilbarron, the cipal chiefs. The Clann Dalaigh was the tribe name the ruins of which still remain situated on rock on the shore of the O'Donnells, before stated. II. O'Baoighill O'Boyles, were Atlantic near Ballyshannon. VII. Mac Anbhaird, the Mac chiefs Clann Chindfaoladh, Tir Ainmireach, and Tir
Boghaine, which territories comprised the present baronies Boy
lagh and Bannagh, Crioch Baoighilleach, the country the
O'Boyles, mentioned the Annals, gave name the barony
Boylagh, Tir Boghaine was the barony Banagh. III. O’Maoil
maghna, probably O'Mulvany, chief Magh Seireadh Magh the reign James the following families English and Scotch
Seireadh may probably traced mentioned the Inquisitions O'Hugh, chief Easruadh, that
townland called Massarey, Donegal. IV. O'Haodha
Ballyshannon, the barony
settlers are given the possessors this county, Pymar's Survey, 1619. John Murray got all Boylagh and Banagh, being ten thousand acres. The following had various districts:—
Mac Loingseachain Mac Lynchys, chiefs Gleann Binne,
Gleann m-Binne, and O’Breislen, chief Fauaid,on the western shore Lough Swilly. VIII. O’Dochartaigh O'Dogherty, chief
Ard Miodhair. The O’Doghertys were powerful sept, branch the O’Donnells, and became chiefs Imisowen and the
chief all Tirconnell. The O’Dogherty's maintained their rank chiefs Inisowen down the reign James when sir Cahir O'Dogherty was killed contest with the English. IX. Mac Gillesamhais, chief Ros Guill, now Rosgull, the barony Kilmakreman. O'Cearmachain, O'Kernaghan and
O'Dalachain, O'Dullaghan, chiefs the Tuath Bladhaidh. XI. O'Maolagain O'Mulligan, chief Tir Mac Caerthain. XII. O’Donnagain, and Mac Gaiblin, chiefs Tir Breasail. O'Maolgaoithe, chief Muintir Maoilgaoithe. Some this name
have been anglicised Mac Ghee, and others And Mac Tighearmain Mac Terman, chief
Wynn. XIII. Clan Fearghoile.
O’Dugan, are col lected from the Four Masters, and various other sources. Mac
The following chiefs and clans not given
O'Donngaile
Inisowen,
mentioned
tioned chief Kinel Moain, district
Wards, were clan Donegal, and many O'Donnells, and were very learned men.
them bards the
Tir Connell was formed into the county Donegal sir John Perrott, the reign Elizabeth, and
the lord deputy, its confiscation, and
the settlement British colonies called the Plantation Ulster,
the barony Boylagh. IV. Fear Droma, district
is onin
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in or of or
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Ireland. More, who was the mother of Manus, son of
piety, and learning, died.
Fethfoilge, daughter of Conor Mac Dermott,
and wife of Murtogh Muimnagh, son of Torlogh
Murtogh, of Conor, of Roderick, of Tuathal, and
Drom Mochuda,"
pilgrimage, in the monastery of Boyle, and his wife Duvhemragh, daughter of O'Quinn, also died.
Ualgarg O’Rourke, lord of Brefney, died on
Conn O'Flanagan, prior that place. Tiopraid O’Breen, the coarb St. Comman,”
man learned divinity, history, and laws, died Inis Clothran, while pilgrimage there.
REIGN OF HENRY III.
53
Cathal Crovdearg, was made Celechair O’Dobhailem (or O’Devlin), aircin prisoner Mac William Burke, Meelick, each of Camma," a man eminent for charity, violation the faith the English nobles
A. D. 1232.
Fachtna O’Hallgaith, coarb
of Torlogh the priest, prior of the church of SS. and official Hy Fiachra, man who kept house Peter and Paul, died. hospitality for the entertainment the learned,
Duvchovlagh, daughter of Conor Mac Dermott, and for the relief the sick and indigent, died. died in the monastery of Boyle. The church Kilmore, Tir Briuin the Flaherty O'Flanagan, chief of Clan Cathail,” Shannon, was consecrated by Donogh O'Conor, son of Muireadhach Muilleatham, died on his bishop Elphin, and canons were appointed there
Stephen O’Breen, aircineach of Mayo, died. Felim, son
Hugh, the son Awlave, son Donal O’Fer Giolla-Iosa Mac Samhradhain, chief of Teal rall, chief Anally, was burned on the island
his pilgrimage to the river (Jordan).
lach Eachdach,” and Duinnin O'Mulconary, chief Lough Cuille, by the sons Hugh Ciabhach, son
poet and historian of Siol Murray (Roscommon), died.
Conor Gott O'Hara, lord of Lieney, died. Donall O’Donnell, lord of Tirconnell, and
Murogh O'Ferrall, having been chief Anally
for nine years after Murogh Carragh O'Ferrall. Manus, son Awlave, son Teige Mac Mul
roomy, luminary hospitality, generosity, and Angus Mac Gillefinem, of Fermanagh, marched piety, died.
their forces into the territory of Cathal O’Reilly; Donogh, the son Tomaltach Mac Dermott, conveyed their vessels to Lough Uachtair," plun man eminent for hospitality, and generosity
dered Eo Inis, and carried away the provisions the distressed
Connaught, died epidemic. Hugh, son Roderick O'Conor,
and treasure of the entire town.
captain Thomas Dutton; Alexander Cunningham John Cun
ningham James Cunningham Cuthbert Cunningham sir James
Cunningham; James Mac Cullagh; William Stewart; Laird
Dunduff; Alexander Mac Awley, alias Stewart; the Laird
Lusse sir John Stewart; Peter Benson William Wilson;
Thomas Davis; captain Mansfield; sir John Kingsmill; sir Ralph
Bingley; sir Thomas Coach sir George Marburie; sir William
Stewart; sir Basil Brooke; sir Thomas Chichester; sir John tribe were called from Cathal, son Muireadhach Muilleathan, Vaughan; John Wray; Arthur Terrie; captain Henry Hart; king Connaught, who died 700.
captain Paul Gore; Nathaniel Rowley; William Lynn; and captain Sandford.
The following have been the noble families Donegal since the reign James The Fitzwilliams, earls Tyrconnell. Richard
Talbot, lord lieutenant Ireland the reign James II. , was
created duke Tyrconnell. The families Brownlow and Car lakes lying between Cavan, Killeshandra and Belturbet the penter have beensubsequentlyearls Tyrconnell. The Chichesters, county Cavan, was called O'Reilly's country. Eo Inis
earls Donegal. The Conynghams, earls Mountcharles. The Cockaynes, barons Cullen. And the Hewitts, barons Lifford. Amongst the great landed proprietors resident this county,
may mentioned, Lord George Hill, nobleman justly estimated
the Holy Island, which was plundered, was probably Trinity
Island Lough Oughter, where there was abbey founded by this Cathal O'Reilly, prince East Brefney; perhaps may
have been Urney, where there was abbey and small town, near Lough Oughter.
A. D. 1232.
Dromamucadha, now the parish Dromacoo, the barony
Dunkellin, county Galway. This parish was Hy Fiachra, territory co-extensive with the diocese Kilmacduagh.
Coarb St. Comman, that abbot Roscommon.
by Mrs. Hall, and other tourists, landlords Ireland.
one the most excellent
Diocese Raphoe. The see
Eunan, whom Lanigan considers
Adamnan, the celebrated abbot
who was native Tyrconnell.
greater part the county Donegal. On the Island Lough
Raphoe was founded St. have been the same person Iona, the seventh century,
The diocese comprehends the
Conor, son
Derg, the county
age, called St. Patrick's Purgatory.
Donegal, the celebrated place pilgrim
A. D. 1231.
Camma Camcha, parish the barony Athlone, county
of Roscommon.
Clan Cathail, district Roscommon near Elphin, and the
Teallach. Eachdach, now the barony Tullaghaw, the county Cavan, which the Mac Samhradhains were chiefs,
name that has beenchanged Mac Gauran, and some angli cised to Somers.
Loch Uachtair. This was Lough Oughter, chain large
a of
be of of of in
;
;
of
;
;
in
of by
2.
4.
3.
2.
1.
of
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so
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on a
a
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of of a of
54 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1233.
having escaped from the English, was joined by many them, but was himself killed the midst
the sons of some chiefs of Connaught, with whom he marched into the Tuatha (in Roscommon), to
the fight.
A. D. 1233.
Geoffrey O’Doighre, aircineach' Derry
make seizures there, but was slain by the Tuatha,
along with Gillkelly O'Heyne, Gillcreest the son
of Donogh Mac Dermott, and many others. On Columkille, died.
that day the people of Tuatha had white handled battle-axes, from which arose the adage, “The man with the white axe slew the son of
Maolisa O'Maonaigh, psalmodist, died.
Donagh, archdeacon arbiter who settled
dignified priest and
Achaigh Fobhair,” disputes and contentions,
Hugh. ” -
Hugh, the son appointed king
Roderick O'Conor, was again Connaught, Mac William
man dignity and honour, died the 15th day of December.
Burke,” and made peace with him after had
made Feilim, the son Cathal Crovdearg, pri his forces into Connaught, and Cormac, the son
Tomaltagh Mac Dermott, lord Moylurg, went meet him, and brought him with him Moy lurg, where they constructed camp Druim Gregraighe, and were joined Cormac, by Conor his son, and the people the three Tuatha, and and who kept house hospitality both for rich the two sons Murtogh Mac Dermott, Donogh
SOInel".
The castle Rickard
Bona Gaillmhe was erected by Burgo, and the castle Dun Iom
gain" was commenced Adam Stanton. Giolla-na-neev O'Daly, man learned poetry,
Feilim O'Conor, son Cathal Crovdearg, led
and poor, died.
Maoleoin, the Deaf, O'Mulconery, took Cluan
Bolcain.
Feilim, the son Cathal Crovdearg, was set liberty the English.
and Murtogh. They then held council, which
they resolved pursuit Hugh, king
Connaught, and the other sons Roderick; they
attacked and defeated Hugh, the son Roderick,
slew himself, Hugh Muimnagh his brother, his son,
and Donogh More MacDermott, son Roderick,
with many others. There were also slain Raghallagh O'Flanagan, Thomas Biris, constable Ireland,
Conor, son Niall O'Gormley, chief Maoin, died.
Kinel
Tirconnell, which expedition plundered Englishmen. This was after they had been cursed
Donal O'Loughlin, lord Tyrone,
marched
with force consisting English and Irish into John his brother, and John Guer, with many other
Fanat, and took hostages from Donal O'Boyle, and from O’Tairceirt.
O’Donnell marched his forces into Tyrone, and arrived Tullaghoge, where killed the cattle, burned the corn, plundered the country, and re
and excommunicated bell, crozier, and the extin guishing candles, the clergy Connaught, for Hugh Muimnagh had violated and plundered Tibo hine Roscommon), and many other churches,
that and his adherents fell avengement the dishonour they had done the saints
turned home triumph.
Midbeach and Eaghinish" were plundered by by violating their churches. The kingdom and
the Kinel Owen, which place they took their government Connaught were that day wrested shipping, but party the Kinel Connell, headed from the sons Roderick, the son Torlogh.
by the son Niall O'Donnell, attacked and slew
Inisclothran, island Lough Ree, the Shannon,
between Roscommon and Longford, where there was famous abbey.
Mac William Burke, often mentioned this period, was
Felim, the son Cathal Crovdearg, then assumed Eaghinis and Midhbheach, now Aghinis and Mevagh, near
Richard Burgo, son William
ceeded Jeoffrey Marisco deputy Ireland,
Fitzadelm Burgo. He suc lord justice, and was also lord
already ex archdeacon, Colgan, archidiacomus, hence these
Caislean Dun Iomgain was the castle Dunamon, near
the river Suck, Roscommon. The other castle was Galway.
and has been translated Annals the word will
Lough Swilly, barony Kilmakreman, county A. D.
