Immediatelyrising,hepar- took of food, and, full of gratitude to God, he
returned
with the women, who hadbroughthimintothesaint'spresences* Aboutthissametime,agreat mortality prevailed, through all .
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v3
Here, he founded a monastery, and he placed
an Abbot over it.
The king also gave him Carlisle city,32 with a great
portion of the adjacent country. There our saint established a community of nuns, with an Abbess presiding over them, and he likewise founded some schools. Cuthbert having raised a boy from the dead, in a village called Exenford, Egfrid gave him a tract of land, called Carthmel ; and, after his victory over Vulfer, King of the Mercians, the same munificent prince be- stowed upon him Mailros, and its dependent lands. 33 Before assuming the episcopal charge, Cuthbert returned to his island, where, for some time, he gave himself up to devout prayer and meditation. Then, he was in- vited to Mailros, by Eata, for the purpose of holding a short conference. On Cuthbert's return, he was met by one of King Egfricfs officers, who be- sought the saint to visit his village and house, to impart a blessing. When he consented to do so, this officer received him with much reverence, and toldhimthatoneofhisservantswasveryill; addingatthesametime,he gave tlianks to God, because Cuthbert deigned to honour his house with a visit, not doubting, but this arrival should be an occasion of great profit, spirituallyandtemporally,forthemembersofhisfamily. Havingblessedsome water, Cuthbert gave it to a servant of the officer, who was named Baldhelm. 34 Afterwards, he became a priest of Lindisfarne, in the time of Venerable Bede, to whom he related this occurrence. Baldhelm being desired by Cuthbert, to give this water, that the sick man might drink ; on pouring it the third
Antiquities of Canterbury, with the Archi- lecture of the edifice, Biographical Anec- dotes of the Archbishops," &c. A. D. 1821,
folio.
=7 See Poole's and Hugall's "Historical
and Descriptive Account of the Cathedral Church of St. Peter's, York, and its Anti- quities, and Chronological List of the Arch- bishops," &c. York, A. D. 1850, 4to.
^'^ According to Venerable Bede, in his
" Breviarium," or Epitome of his History, thus: "anno sexcentessimo octuagessimo quinto Egfridus Rex Nordanthumbrorum occisus est. " Florence of Worcester and Matthew of Westminster, in their Annals, at
'
the same year agree.
=^ See Bede's Life, cap. xxiv. , and Cap-
grave's Life, cap. xxxiii. , xxxiv.
^° His feast occurs, at the igih of Septem-
ber. He died A. D. 690, in the eighty-eighth year of his age, having been Archbishop over Canterbury See for twenty-two years.
See an account of him, in Rev. Alban
"
Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. ix. September xix.
^t There were two holy brothers, bearing this name : one known a^ Bishop of London and Apostle of tlie Midland English and East Saxons, venerated on the 7th of Ja- nuary ; the other called Bishop of Lichfield and Apostle of the Mercians, venerated on the 2nd of March. At these dates, owing to their connexion with Ireland, notices will be found in this work.
^^ See that excellent illustrated work,
"
S. Jefferson's
of the Castles, Seats, Antiquities in the vicinity, eminent Men," &c. , published at Carlisle, A. D. 1838, 8vo.
33 See Capgrave's Life, cap. xxxv. , xxxvi. 3« See Rt. Rev. Bishop Moran's " Irish
Saints in Great Britain," chap, xi. , pp. 293, 294.
royal
Butler's
History of Carlisle, . account
March 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 8S7
time into the patient's mouth, he fell into a profound sleep. This happened towards evening, and on the following morning, the patient was perfectly restored to health. 35 Having assumed the grave responsibilities of his epis-
copal office, after Apostolic examples and precepts, Cuthbert endeavoured to ornamentthishighstation,byhisvirtuesandgoodworks. Hisprayerswere
constantlyoffered,fortheflockentrustedtohiscare; and,bysalutaryin- structions, he led them to a knowledge and love of holy things, first teaching them by his own example, those virtues he desired them to practise. He
protected the poor and the oppressed ; he consoled afflicted and dejected persons ; he brought sinners to repentance ; he gave food to the hungry and clothingtothenaked. Towardshimself,heomittednoneofhisaccustomed
rigorous obseirvances, often shunning the society of men, to engage in his monastic exercises. He displayed all perfections of the episcopal character, in discharging every duty belonging to his state. 3°
As related by the authentic chronicles of the time, King Egfrid led an army against the Picts, in the year 685. 37 Cuthbert had been divinely admonished, as related to Egfrid, regarding his impending fate, and the holy prelate set out towards —Carlisle city, that he might prepare the queenforsuchcalamitousevent shebeingthenaresidentinhersister's monastery, whilst awaiting the expected return of her husband. 3^ On the following day, some citizens conducted our saint to their city walls, that he might see a remarkable fountain, formerly constructed by the Romans.
While resting on his staff, he appeared profoundly affected with grief ; his eyes were bent, first towards earth, and then, he raised them towards heaven.
At a length, heaving
he said in a subdued voice
" at Perhaps,
deep sigh,
this very time, a great misfortune is impending. " A priest, standing by his
side, conjecturing rightly the circumstance to which he alluded, asked him how this was known to him ; but, Cuthbert felt unwilling to declare the
revelation, made by the Almighty. He only said, "Do you not see how the air is wondrously disturbed and changed? yet, who can fathom the judgments of God? " It being Saturday, our saint at once went to the queen, and told her, to ascend her chariot immediately, as it was not lawful to travel on the following day. He urged her to proceed towards the royal city, adding, that perchance the king was killed. He promised to attend on her, in a short time, after having dedicated a church, be- longing to a neighbouring monastery, on the following day. Having preached to brethren, connected with this monastery, towards the conclusion of his
Cuthbert said discourse, :
"
I beseech — beloved, that you, dearly you
watch
—ding to the advice of the Apostle that you remain steadfast in the accor
lest
faith that you act bravely, and have fortitude, any temptation, coming
onyou,shouldfindyouunprepared. Bemindfulalwaysofthatpreceptof our Lord, "Watch and pray, that you enter not into temptation. " His
year of his age, and in the fifth yea of his 3* Ibid. , cap. xxvi. reign.
33 See Bede's Life, cap. xxv.
37 In the edition of Venerable Bede's 3«
'•'
Rex ^<y97(/Mj, cum temeread vastan-
Works, printed at Cologne, at lib. iv. , cap. 24, of his English History, it is incorrectly
" anno Dominicce incarnationis sex- centessimo quarto," that he sent an army into Hibernia to devastate that country ; and, in the following year, he was killed. However,thisseemsonlytohavebeenan error of the press, which has set A. D. 604, lor A. D. 684. In the former year, he was not even born, for he fell in 685, according to Venerable Bede himself, in the fortieth
dam Scotoruni Proviiiciam exercitum duxis-
sit multum prohibentibus amicis, et maxime
stated,
qui nuper
beatce memorise Sancto Cuthberto,
fuit ordinatus Episcopus, introductus est, simulantibus fugam hostibus, in angustias in- accessorum montium, et cum maxima parte
copia—rumquassecumadduxeratestextinc- "
tus. " Fordun's Scoti Chronicon, sive Scotorum Historia," lib. iii,, cap. xliii, p. 648. See Gale's" Historije Britannicte
Saxonies, Anglo-Danica: Scriptores xv. "
:
888 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 20.
auditors thought he alluded to the return of a pestilence, which raged in the neighbouring country, some short time before, when he again resumed :
" when I remained Formerly,
on certain brethren came to my island,
solitary
me, on the festival of our Lord's Nativity, and entreated me to leave my cell,
that I might spend that day with them, in a joyous manner. I assented to their request, and, when sitting down in the midst of a banquet, I said to them :
*
nataldayofourLordJesusChrist. ' But,inashorttime,whileweindulged
in feasting, hilarity, and conversation, I began to admonish them a second time, that we should be solicitous in watching and prayer, and that we should
be prepared for the assaults of temptation. They replied, that I taught them a good lesson ; but, however, as their days of fasting, prayer, and vigil, were many, rather they ought rejoice in the Lord on this day. For the Angel, at the birth of our Saviour, announced great joy to the shepherds, which was ex-
'
tended to all people. I said,
during the banquet, into tlieir former merriment, a third time I admonished
I beseech you, brethren, to observe this day with great reverence, for it is the
It is well, let us do so. ' But, having relapsed,
them, in the same words, when they understood, that I would not so earnestly *
repeatthemwithoutcause. Infear,theysaid, Letusdoasyourequire,for
a great necessity compels us, that always being prepared, we may watch against diabolic snares and temptations. ' Saying these things, I was ignorant,
as they were, regarding the occurrence of any new temptation ; but, by an in- terior instinct, I was warned on a necessity, for having the soul always fortified
against sudden storms of temptation. Yet, when they left me in the morning for Lindisfarne monastery, behold ! they found some of their companions dead, having been stricken with the plague. It continued to rage, and to increase in violence, for days and months, and almost during an entire year. Nearly the whole of that venerable company of fathers and brethren were called to bliss. And now, therefore, brethren, watch you also in prayer, that youlikewisebefoundprepared,shouldanytribulationthreatenyou. " As already said, these words were thought to forebode a return of the plague, until, on the following day, news was brought by a fugitive, that the king was slain in battle, and that his guards were killed around him. These events happened, at that very moment of our saint's standing at the Roman fountain, whentheywererevealedtohispropheticmind. 39 Ashorttimeaftertheseoccur- rences, Cuthbert had occasion to visit Carlisle,4° for a purpose of ordaining some priests,andofinvestingthequeenherselfwiththereligioushabit. Atthistime, a priest, named Herbert,*'' or Herebert,*^ who led a solitary life, at the source of the Derwentwater, and who was a friend of the saint, took an opportunity to visit him, according to his annual custom, and for the express purpose of en- gaging in religious conferences. While these holy men were thus employed, amongst other things, Cuthbert said
39 See Bede's Life, cap. xxvii,, and Cap- grave's Life, cap. xxxviii.
*° It is said to have been called Caer-Luil
or Caer-Leol, in ancient times, from Luil, a
With large dark eyes upon his countenance
fixed,
And pale cheek dewed with tears. The
name he bore
Was ' Herbert of the Lake. ' "
—Aubrey De Vere's "Legends of the Saxon Saints," p. 190.
British
founder. See Lewis' "
to have been its
potentate, reputed Topographical
Dic-
tionary of England," vol. i. , p. 515.
*' " Recluse he lived
Within a woody isle of that fair lake
By Derwent lulled and Greta. Others in his " Ilistoria Ecclesiastica Gentis An-
thronged
Round Cuthbert's steps ; that hermit stood
apart
glorum," lib. iv. , cap. 29. He is mentioned, at tlie same day, by Hugh Menard, and in the English Martyrology.
:
" Remember, brother Herebert, you
*' Venerable Bede relates the death ot Herebert, as occurring on the 20lh of March,
March 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 889
tell me, at this time, and ask me all important things, since after we part again, we shall never see each other in this life. For, I am assured, the time of my
dissolution approaches, and the deposition of my body is near. " On hearing these words, Herebert fell at his friend's feet, and with tears and groans, he
as we have served him together in this life, we may also enjoy together the vision of his glory in heaven. Indeed, you know, that I have always en- deavoured to live in obedience to your commands, and whatever faults I have committed, through frailty or ignorance, I have been careful to correct, accord- ingtoyourwishes. " Cuthberttoldhimtoarise,andthathisdesireshouldbe accomplished. ''3 The event was a fulfilment of this prophecy ; for, on the de- parture of Herebert, these friends never more beheld each other with corporal sight, while their translation to heaven took place, on the same day, and at the same moment of time. -**
The miracles St. Cuthbert performed were very numerous. One day, whilst engaged in a visitation of his diocese, during whicli he preached and gave confir- mation, in all its towns and villages, our holy bishop came to the house of a certain Earl, named Hemna,<5 or Heunnajt^ whose wife lay at the point of death. Thismanreceivedthesaint,withgreatjoyandveneration,givingthanks to God, for the arrival of such a guest. When the prelate's hands and feet had been washed, according to a usual custom, he received an account regarding thedangerousstateofhishospitableentertainer'swife. Thecountwishedour saint to sprinkle her with holy water, that thus she might be restored to health, through God's mercy, or that she might pass with greater ease, from her suffer- ings in this life. Holy water having been brought, Cuthbert directed a priest to sprinkle it on the patient, who immediately awakened from a deep stupor, in which she lay, and she was soon restored to perfect health. The lady then gave thanks to God, who had deigned to conduct such guests to her house, they being instruments under him of her recovery. Afterwards, she did the honours of the table, and exercised offices of hospitality, towards the holy bishop and his attendants. ^*? A miracle of like nature was wrought, by our saint, in the presence of many persons. Amongst others, Edilwald,^^ Abbot of Mailrose, in Bede's time, was an eye-witness. While the saint was
engaged at one of his visitations, he came to a village, where a community of holy women found refuge, at the instance of Cuthbert, when driven f—rom their
" I beseech
in the name of our Lord, that
but that you will be mindful of your companion, and entreat the Almighty,
replied :
you,
you
desert me
not,
own
tive to the aforesaid PZdihvald had been afflicted during an entire year with an intolerable pain in the head and side, which baffled the skill of her physicians. This being made known to Cuthbert, he anointed her with holy oil. From
house, through
a fear of—
hostile marauders. One of these nuns a rela-
that she to — andshewas
hour, began grow better, perfectly restored,
inafew
of an spirit by our saint, as already mentioned fell into a grievous distemper,
days. ''9
evil
•'^ Sec "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Martii xx. De Sancto Cuthberto, &c. Tertia Vita S. Cuthbert! , lib. iv. , sect. 3, p. 122. This Life is said to have been written
<3
»«
Then Cuthbert knelt and prayed. At last he spake : —
Hilmer, the prefect whose wife —had been dispossessed
'Thy prayer is heard ; day and hour
We two shall die. ' "
the self-same
—Aubrey De Vere's " Legends Saxon Saints," p. 205.
of
the
^* See Bede's Life, cap. xxviii. , and Cap- grave's Life, cap. xxxix.
'
*5 See Rev, S.
the Saints," vol. iii. , March 20, p. 350.
successor of St. Cuthbert, in the See of Lin- disfarne, according to Bede's "HistoriaEc- clesiastica Gentis lib. v. i.
Baring-Gould's
Lives of
Anglorum," cap. Hedied,intheyear738,accordingto Matthew
monk of Lindisfarne. ^^ See Bede's Life, cap. xxix. , and Cap-
grave's Life, cap. xl.
'^ He afterwards succeeded St. Eadbert,
a
by contemporaneous
890 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 20.
whichbroughthimtothevergeofdissolution. 5° Manyofhisfriendscameto
visit him, and amongst others, one, who said he brouglit with him bread,
which had been blessed by Cuthbert ; adding, also, that he believed, if it
were tasted by the sick man, with unwavering faith, it must prove the means
of restoring him to health. All those, who were present, being pious lay
persons, concurred in this opinion. A cup was filled with water, when a
small portion of bread was put in it. The sick man having drank, he felt
(juite restored. 5' At another time, when the saint was making a visitation,
through a mountainous and rural district, many from the surrounding villagers
werebrought,thathemightimposehandsonthem. Nochurchorplace
could be found, suitable for the bishop's habitation, and for that of his com-
panions, who were obliged to cut down branches of trees to erect tents, for
two days they remained here, whilst engaged in evangelizing and confirming
the people. Amongst others, there appeared two women, bearing a young man, wasted with a long sickness ; having laid him down on his bed, at an
entrance to a wood, they sent to request the bishop, that their helpless charge might be allowed to appear in his presence, for the purpose of receiving his benediction. This request was granted, and when Cuthbert invoked a
blessingonthepatient,hewasrestoredtohealth.
Immediatelyrising,hepar- took of food, and, full of gratitude to God, he returned with the women, who hadbroughthimintothesaint'spresences* Aboutthissametime,agreat mortality prevailed, through all . the villages and towns in Lindisfarne diocese, sothat,inmanyinstances,thehouseswereleftdestituteofinhabitants. But, Cuthbert was not unmindful of a good pastor's duty, during the prevalence of this calamity. Having entered a certain village, which was called Medel- pong,53 ministering to the people's wants, he asked a priest, named Tidus,5-» who accompanied him, if he tiiought any remained, who had not availed themselves of the religious opportunities afforded them, as himself and his companions were about to leave for another station. 55 On looking around, a woman was observed in great affliction. Her son had just died, and she held another son in her arms, whose death was momentarily expected. Soon as the saint beheld her, he approached, and kissed tlie boy, while imparting
:
ablessing. Atthesametime,hesaidtothemother "Fearnot,fornoother
member of your family shall die during this plague. " The mother and her son lived, and for a long time afterwards, as authoritative vouchers for the
truth of this prediction. 5^
CHAPTER IV.
PROPHETIC WARNING OF CUTHBERT's APPROACHING DEATH—HIS VISION AT ABBESS ELFLEDA'S CONVENT—HE RETIRES TO LINDISFARNE, IN PREPARATION FOR HIS DEPARTURE—HIS LAST ILLNESS AND INSTRUCTIONS TO HIS MONKS—ST. CUTH- BERT'S HOLY DEATH—DEPOSITION OF HIS REMAINS, AND VARIOUS REMOVALS OF HIS SHRINE—THE CATHEDRAL OF DURHAM—DESECRATION OF ST. CUTHBERT's SHRINE IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY—SUBSEQUENT EXPLORATIONS TO DISCOVER HIS REMAINS—CALENDAR COMMEMORATIONS, CHURCHES AND CHAPELS BUILT TO HONOUR HIM—WRITINGS AND MEMORIALS—CONCLUSION.
Our saint, having a presentiment of his approaching death, had desired a return to his solitude, that thus he might make preparation for his entrance
of Westminster. Menard treats of him, at ilie 6th of January ; the English Martyrology
his feast, at the 1 2th of February.
*9 See Bede's Life, cap. xxx.
so See "Acta Sanctorum," De Sancto
cap. ix. , sect. 49, pp. no, in.
5' See Bede's Life, cap. xxxi,, and Cap-
grave's Life, cap. xli.
sa See Bede's Life, cap. xxxii.
" So states the contemporaneous monk of
places
Cuthberto, &c. Vita Prima S. Cuthherti, Lindisfarne.
I^lARCH 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 891
tothejoysoftheblessed. Withsuchview,heundertookalastvisitationofhis churches and religious houses, that he might set all things in order, and give his final instructions to the faithful. Being thus engaged, he was asked by the Abbess Elfled, or Elfleda, to visit one of her properties, on which a church had been erected, but still wanting consecration. ^ Whilst our saint was seated at table, in the monastery of this Abbess, his mind was suddenly diverted from the viands before him, his colour changed, and his eyes assumed a peculiar brilliancy,whiletheknifehehelddroppedfromhishand. Apriestinwaiting, turning to the Abbess in a private manner, requested her to ask the bishop what he had seen ; adding, that he knew the saint must have had a vision, which others could not behold, on account of changes over his countenance and because of his trembling hands. Elfled preferred this request to him ; but,
wishing to conceal what had occurred, he said in a jocose manner, " Why
"
should I be able to eat the whole day ? Ought I not rest at last ?
Abbess still persisted in knowing the cause of this emotion, he at length
" I saw the soul of a certain holy man brought by Angels, to the glory
said
of heaven. " Elfled asked, from what place he was brought, and likewise his name. The saint replied, that he belonged to her own monastery, and that she herself would declare the name, when he was about to celebrate Mass. On hearing this, the lady sent to learn who had lately died in her monastery. On the following day she heard, that one of her shepherds, who was a pious man, had incautiously ascended a tree, from which he fell, being killed about the time Cuthbert had a vision of his translation to heaven. This shepherd's name was Hadunald,^ as the Abbess told Cuthbert, Avhile he was preparing to celebrate Mass, and engaged at offices for the dedication of a church. 3
:
Leaving this place, the saint came to a house of holy virgins, presided over
by the Abbess, Verca ,'^
and, this nunnery was situated, not far from the
mouthoftheRiver
asked what he would wish to drink wine and beer, in turn, having been offeredhim. But,hedesiredwater,whichwasaccordinglydrawnforhim,from a neighbouring fountain. Having blessed it, he drank a little, and then he passed the water to a priest, who was near, and who again returned it to the servant. This latter asked, if it were lawful for him to drink from a cup used by the bishop, and being told it was, he drank 3 but, to his taste, this water had the flavour of wine, and on calling another of his brethren to taste it, he also pronounced a like opinion. Then, a declaration was made, that they had never tasted wine of more superior flavour. One of these men after- wards became an inmate of a monastery, at the mouth of the River Vuiri. Venerable Bede testifies, that he received this account, from the lips of that brother ; but, he happened to be dead, at the time when Bede wrote our saint's biography. s Indeed, the spiritual labours and great miracles of this holy man were numerous and of an extraordinary character. ^ Having dis-
54 According to the account given by the contemporaneous monk of Lindisfarne.
S3 See Le Comte de Montalembert's "Les Moines d'Occident," tome iv. , liv. XV. , chap, i. , p. 419.
3 Bede's Life, cap. xxxiv. Capgrave's Life, cap. xliii.
* The name of this holy woman, as here given, is not to be found in the Martyrolo- gies. See, Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum
i.
Comte de Montalembert's "Les Moines
Life, cap.
Capgrave's
d! Occident/'
425, 426. '^
Hadpuald the Monk of
xv. , chap, i. , pp.
Fleurj''s
tique," tome ix. , liv. xl. , sect, xliii. , pp/
tome liv. iv. ,
^ See Abbe
" Ilistoire Ecclesias-
is the name
given
to him
lib. where this incident is related.
sect.
^ The Lindisfarne Monk that he states,
enjoyed the ministration and conversation of
Lindisfarne,
iv. ,
lo,
Tyne.
While —our
here, saint, complaining
of
thirst,
was
56 See Bede's Life, cap. xxxiii. , and Cap- liibernije," xx. Martii. Vita S. Cuthberti,
grave's Life, cap. xUi.
n. 27, p. 678.
s
Bede's Life, cap. xliv.
to
by 95 07.
Article
—— Chapter iv. 'See Le
xxxv.
As the
892 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 20.
charged the duties of his episcopal office, for a term of two years, and finding his span of life about to close, Cuthbert resolved on abdicating the
pastoral charge, by retiring again to his place of retreat, there to engage more closelyincommunionwithGod. 7 Manyofhisbrethrencontinuedtovisit
him,whileinthisisland. Ononeparticularoccasion,whenthusvisited,after
giving his guests a suitable instruction, he requested them to partake of food, which he had provided for them, before their intended return. However, having provisions of their own, they did not use those, which were furnished by our saint. Having refreshed themselves, they prepared to embark, when a great storm arose, which detained them during seven days on his island. While waiting a safe opportunity to sail, they had frequent interviews with Cuthbert, who visited them on the seventh day, at a house, where they lodged. Onenteringit,hesawthatfowl,whichhehadrecommendedthem to eat, still untouched. Then playfully chiding them, for disobedience to his wishes, he insisted on their preparing it for food, promising also the sea should become so tranquil, as to afford them a safe return. On comply- ing with this request, the storm ceased, and those monks were enabled to leave. All particulars of this narrative. Venerable Bede gleaned from a holy priest, named Herefrid, who formed one of the company,^ and who was held in great respect for his piety. At that time, he was Abbot of Lindisfarne. 9
The solemn festival of our Lord's Nativity, a. d. - 686, being over, a band of monks, who had visited him, were about returning to the mainland. When Cuthbert stood with them on the sea-shore, a venerable monk, whose frame was weakened by dysentery, asked him, when they should again return. Our
His infirmity commenced on a Wednesday, and it terminated fatally on the sameday,'°havingcontinuedforthreeweeks. Beforethreedayshadelapsed, after the beginning of his sickness. Venerable Bede himself, with some of his brethren, visited Fame Island, for the purpose of receiving the holy man's blessing and admonitions. Having given a preconcerted sign, Cuthbert ap- proachedthewindow,andsigheddeeply; thenBedeinquired,ifillnesshad seized on him, during the night. Cuthbert having replied in the affirmative, Bede thought it must have been the return of a chronic complaint, under
saint, who had now a foreknowledge of death's near approach, said youshallbearmybodyhence. " Havingspentalmosttwomonths,practis- ing exercises of most rigorous penance, he was seized with a sudden illness.
which he laboured, and not a new sickness. He therefore said
:
" Give us
thybenediction,fornowitistimetosail,andreturnhomewards. " "Doas
you say," the holy prelate replied, "go on board, and return home, in safety.
But when God shall have received my soul, bury my body in this cell, close to my oratory, and towards the south, near the eastern side of that holy cross, which I have there erected. " Towards the northern part of this same oratory, there is a sarcophagus, buried in the earth, and which venerable Abbot Cudda"formerlygaveme; placemybodyinthis,wrappingitinfineUnen,
Angels, in his moments of solitude. See teries, to serve as sepulchral monuments for
*'
lib. iv. , sect, ii, p. 123. rum," tomus iii. Martii xx.
^
Acta Sancto- departed persons.
" Colgan remarks, that under this name
Bede's Life, cap. xxxvi. Life, cap. xlv.
Capgrave's
he has nothing to note, unless perhaps for Cudda we should rather substitute the read- ing of Ceadda. In this case, he thinks it may be the saint called Ceadda, who was abbot and bishop, and whose feast is at the 2nd day of March. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hibernioe," xx. Martii. Vita S. Cuthberti, n. 28, p. 678.
" Her convent was at Tynemouth, at the
s' See Bishop Challoner's " Britannia Sancta," part i. , March 20, p. 195.
'"See Abbe Fleury's "Histoire Eccle-
siastique," tome ix. , liv. xL, sect, xliii. ,
p. 97'
"
Christian custom of erecting crosses in ceme-
This mandate proves the antique
:
" When
March 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 893
which you shall here find. While living, I would not use it for clothing ; but, for reverence due the holy Abbess, "Verca,'3 who sent it to me, I have re- servedittoshroudmyremains. " Onhearingthesewords,Bedeinterrupted
him "Ibeseechyou,father,sinceIlearnyouareill,andabouttodie,that
:
you would permit some of the brothers to remain here, as your attendants. "
to this recommendation, the saint " Go now, but return at a only replied,
But,
convenient opportunity. '' Bede still endeavoured to urge on the holy bishop,
the necessity for accepting his proposal, but in vain ; then, he asked, when
"
When the Lord wills it, and signifies it to you. " Hereupon, Venerable Bede called the brethren together, and having entered the church, he ordered them to ofier up their prayers most earnestly for Cuthbert, whose words seemed to indicate, that the day of his dissolution had nearly arrived. Bede was anxious to return, on account of theholybishop'sinfirmity; but,astorm,whichlastedduringfivedays,pre- vented himself and his companions. This impediment he considers to have been providentially decreed, from events that followed. When the sea was calm,hereturnedtoFameIsland,withsomeofhisbrethren; and,therethey found, that our saint had left his cell, to visit the house, in which strangers were received by him. Some necessity requiring the return of his com- panions, Bede alone remained on Fame Island, ministering to all wants of the holy bishop. Having warmed some water, he washed a bleeding ulcer, onthefootofCuthbert; and,seeingfromhiscountenance,thatthesaintwas wasted with fasting and infirmity, Bede requested him to drink a little wine he had heated. These offices being performed, the holy man was placed in abed. Hisvenerablebiographerandfriend,thensittingbesidehim,remarks, that he appeared much worn with sickness, during the absence of himself and of his companions. He, also, expressed wonder, why Cuthbert refused to
they should return. Cuthbert said,
" Through the providence and will of God," he
receive proper attendance.
toincrease; wherefore,leavingmyhabitation,Icamehither,thatwhosoever approached to render me assistance might find me here, without being obliged to enter my cell. From the time my limbs reposed in this place, I moved not from it, for the last five days and nights, but I remained here in quiet. As often as I felt my mouth parched with thirst and dryness, I took care to refresh myself with this food," pointing to an onion, which was almost half consumed. Heresumed,"Myspiritualassaultswereneverstronger,during the whole time of my residence in this island, than during these last five days. " Bede did not venture to enquire more particularly, regarding the temptations of which he spoke, but only entreated him to receive some as- sistants. He consented, at length, and among the rehgious, who remained with him, was the Elder Bede,'^ a Priest, but, a distinct person from Cuthbert's biographer. This elder Bede was a familiar companion of our saint, acquainted with the existing state of his affairs ; and, therefore, his presence was judged necessary, to remind the prelate of trusts, which might remain un-
" has it
of human
endure adversity. For, after you departed from me, my weakness continued
replied,
happened,
that
being deprived
assistance,
I
might
fulfilled, through a want of recollection.
embouchere of the River Tyne, which sepa- rated Deira from Bernicia, the two Nor- thumbrian provinces. See Le Comte de Montalembert's "Les Moines d'Occident," tome iv. , liv. xv,, chap, i. , pp, 427, 428, and n. 2.
He named another person, in a
unless he be a Bede, whom the people of
Genoa are said to venerate, at the loth of
April, and who was buried, in the monas-
tery of St. Benignus. See Arnold Wion's
'* He is
name occurring, in any of the Martyrologies,
as Colgan shows, from traditions and ac-
counts him, this man could regarding holy
not have been either the Elder Bede, here alluded to, nor the Venerable Bede, as some
Beda
Bede ; but, Colgan is not able to find his
styled,
Major, by
Venerable
"
Lignum Vitas," at that date. However,
894 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 20.
special manner, to remain with him. This brother was suffering from dysenter}"-, whichbaffledtheskillofhisphysicians; but,beingamanofgreatprudence,
gravity and virtue, he was a faithful witness, regarding the closing actions of our saint's life. His biographer, Bede, leaving Fame Island, returned to the mainland. There he informed the monastic brothers, that Cuthbert
" It
pressed, of being interred on the island ; but, however, they thought it right to entreat him, that he should consent to have his remains afterwards trans-
expressed a wish to be buried on the island. He remarked, however seems to me better and more advisable, to obtain permission from him, that his body be transferred to this place, and here buried, with suitable honour, inthechurch. " Thisadvicewaswellreceived. VenerableBedewithothers returned and told the bishop, that they would not gainsay a desire he ex-
ferred to Lindisfarne. The saint dying
" Indeed, it was wish to my
replied :
depose my body in this isle, where whatever efforts I made for God were per-
formed. Here, 1 desire to end my course, and, hence, I hope the clement judge will raise me to a crown of justice ; and, for you, also, I think it better, that I rest here, on account of incursions to be feared from outcasts and enemies.
Again, perchance, many shall fly for refuge to my remains, as whatever I may be,famehasdivulgeditabroad,thatIamtheservantofChrist. Youmayoften be obliged to negotiate for my relics with princes, and therefore shall you suffer muchinconvenience,fromthepossessionofmybody. " Hisfriendsrepre- senting to him, with much earnestness, that a labour of this kind should prove
not but only light
Cuthbert after some
" If
you
visable, you should bury it in the church vaults, that you may be able to visit my tomb when you wish, and that others who come to you may enjoy the same privilege.
an Abbot over it.
The king also gave him Carlisle city,32 with a great
portion of the adjacent country. There our saint established a community of nuns, with an Abbess presiding over them, and he likewise founded some schools. Cuthbert having raised a boy from the dead, in a village called Exenford, Egfrid gave him a tract of land, called Carthmel ; and, after his victory over Vulfer, King of the Mercians, the same munificent prince be- stowed upon him Mailros, and its dependent lands. 33 Before assuming the episcopal charge, Cuthbert returned to his island, where, for some time, he gave himself up to devout prayer and meditation. Then, he was in- vited to Mailros, by Eata, for the purpose of holding a short conference. On Cuthbert's return, he was met by one of King Egfricfs officers, who be- sought the saint to visit his village and house, to impart a blessing. When he consented to do so, this officer received him with much reverence, and toldhimthatoneofhisservantswasveryill; addingatthesametime,he gave tlianks to God, because Cuthbert deigned to honour his house with a visit, not doubting, but this arrival should be an occasion of great profit, spirituallyandtemporally,forthemembersofhisfamily. Havingblessedsome water, Cuthbert gave it to a servant of the officer, who was named Baldhelm. 34 Afterwards, he became a priest of Lindisfarne, in the time of Venerable Bede, to whom he related this occurrence. Baldhelm being desired by Cuthbert, to give this water, that the sick man might drink ; on pouring it the third
Antiquities of Canterbury, with the Archi- lecture of the edifice, Biographical Anec- dotes of the Archbishops," &c. A. D. 1821,
folio.
=7 See Poole's and Hugall's "Historical
and Descriptive Account of the Cathedral Church of St. Peter's, York, and its Anti- quities, and Chronological List of the Arch- bishops," &c. York, A. D. 1850, 4to.
^'^ According to Venerable Bede, in his
" Breviarium," or Epitome of his History, thus: "anno sexcentessimo octuagessimo quinto Egfridus Rex Nordanthumbrorum occisus est. " Florence of Worcester and Matthew of Westminster, in their Annals, at
'
the same year agree.
=^ See Bede's Life, cap. xxiv. , and Cap-
grave's Life, cap. xxxiii. , xxxiv.
^° His feast occurs, at the igih of Septem-
ber. He died A. D. 690, in the eighty-eighth year of his age, having been Archbishop over Canterbury See for twenty-two years.
See an account of him, in Rev. Alban
"
Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. ix. September xix.
^t There were two holy brothers, bearing this name : one known a^ Bishop of London and Apostle of tlie Midland English and East Saxons, venerated on the 7th of Ja- nuary ; the other called Bishop of Lichfield and Apostle of the Mercians, venerated on the 2nd of March. At these dates, owing to their connexion with Ireland, notices will be found in this work.
^^ See that excellent illustrated work,
"
S. Jefferson's
of the Castles, Seats, Antiquities in the vicinity, eminent Men," &c. , published at Carlisle, A. D. 1838, 8vo.
33 See Capgrave's Life, cap. xxxv. , xxxvi. 3« See Rt. Rev. Bishop Moran's " Irish
Saints in Great Britain," chap, xi. , pp. 293, 294.
royal
Butler's
History of Carlisle, . account
March 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 8S7
time into the patient's mouth, he fell into a profound sleep. This happened towards evening, and on the following morning, the patient was perfectly restored to health. 35 Having assumed the grave responsibilities of his epis-
copal office, after Apostolic examples and precepts, Cuthbert endeavoured to ornamentthishighstation,byhisvirtuesandgoodworks. Hisprayerswere
constantlyoffered,fortheflockentrustedtohiscare; and,bysalutaryin- structions, he led them to a knowledge and love of holy things, first teaching them by his own example, those virtues he desired them to practise. He
protected the poor and the oppressed ; he consoled afflicted and dejected persons ; he brought sinners to repentance ; he gave food to the hungry and clothingtothenaked. Towardshimself,heomittednoneofhisaccustomed
rigorous obseirvances, often shunning the society of men, to engage in his monastic exercises. He displayed all perfections of the episcopal character, in discharging every duty belonging to his state. 3°
As related by the authentic chronicles of the time, King Egfrid led an army against the Picts, in the year 685. 37 Cuthbert had been divinely admonished, as related to Egfrid, regarding his impending fate, and the holy prelate set out towards —Carlisle city, that he might prepare the queenforsuchcalamitousevent shebeingthenaresidentinhersister's monastery, whilst awaiting the expected return of her husband. 3^ On the following day, some citizens conducted our saint to their city walls, that he might see a remarkable fountain, formerly constructed by the Romans.
While resting on his staff, he appeared profoundly affected with grief ; his eyes were bent, first towards earth, and then, he raised them towards heaven.
At a length, heaving
he said in a subdued voice
" at Perhaps,
deep sigh,
this very time, a great misfortune is impending. " A priest, standing by his
side, conjecturing rightly the circumstance to which he alluded, asked him how this was known to him ; but, Cuthbert felt unwilling to declare the
revelation, made by the Almighty. He only said, "Do you not see how the air is wondrously disturbed and changed? yet, who can fathom the judgments of God? " It being Saturday, our saint at once went to the queen, and told her, to ascend her chariot immediately, as it was not lawful to travel on the following day. He urged her to proceed towards the royal city, adding, that perchance the king was killed. He promised to attend on her, in a short time, after having dedicated a church, be- longing to a neighbouring monastery, on the following day. Having preached to brethren, connected with this monastery, towards the conclusion of his
Cuthbert said discourse, :
"
I beseech — beloved, that you, dearly you
watch
—ding to the advice of the Apostle that you remain steadfast in the accor
lest
faith that you act bravely, and have fortitude, any temptation, coming
onyou,shouldfindyouunprepared. Bemindfulalwaysofthatpreceptof our Lord, "Watch and pray, that you enter not into temptation. " His
year of his age, and in the fifth yea of his 3* Ibid. , cap. xxvi. reign.
33 See Bede's Life, cap. xxv.
37 In the edition of Venerable Bede's 3«
'•'
Rex ^<y97(/Mj, cum temeread vastan-
Works, printed at Cologne, at lib. iv. , cap. 24, of his English History, it is incorrectly
" anno Dominicce incarnationis sex- centessimo quarto," that he sent an army into Hibernia to devastate that country ; and, in the following year, he was killed. However,thisseemsonlytohavebeenan error of the press, which has set A. D. 604, lor A. D. 684. In the former year, he was not even born, for he fell in 685, according to Venerable Bede himself, in the fortieth
dam Scotoruni Proviiiciam exercitum duxis-
sit multum prohibentibus amicis, et maxime
stated,
qui nuper
beatce memorise Sancto Cuthberto,
fuit ordinatus Episcopus, introductus est, simulantibus fugam hostibus, in angustias in- accessorum montium, et cum maxima parte
copia—rumquassecumadduxeratestextinc- "
tus. " Fordun's Scoti Chronicon, sive Scotorum Historia," lib. iii,, cap. xliii, p. 648. See Gale's" Historije Britannicte
Saxonies, Anglo-Danica: Scriptores xv. "
:
888 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 20.
auditors thought he alluded to the return of a pestilence, which raged in the neighbouring country, some short time before, when he again resumed :
" when I remained Formerly,
on certain brethren came to my island,
solitary
me, on the festival of our Lord's Nativity, and entreated me to leave my cell,
that I might spend that day with them, in a joyous manner. I assented to their request, and, when sitting down in the midst of a banquet, I said to them :
*
nataldayofourLordJesusChrist. ' But,inashorttime,whileweindulged
in feasting, hilarity, and conversation, I began to admonish them a second time, that we should be solicitous in watching and prayer, and that we should
be prepared for the assaults of temptation. They replied, that I taught them a good lesson ; but, however, as their days of fasting, prayer, and vigil, were many, rather they ought rejoice in the Lord on this day. For the Angel, at the birth of our Saviour, announced great joy to the shepherds, which was ex-
'
tended to all people. I said,
during the banquet, into tlieir former merriment, a third time I admonished
I beseech you, brethren, to observe this day with great reverence, for it is the
It is well, let us do so. ' But, having relapsed,
them, in the same words, when they understood, that I would not so earnestly *
repeatthemwithoutcause. Infear,theysaid, Letusdoasyourequire,for
a great necessity compels us, that always being prepared, we may watch against diabolic snares and temptations. ' Saying these things, I was ignorant,
as they were, regarding the occurrence of any new temptation ; but, by an in- terior instinct, I was warned on a necessity, for having the soul always fortified
against sudden storms of temptation. Yet, when they left me in the morning for Lindisfarne monastery, behold ! they found some of their companions dead, having been stricken with the plague. It continued to rage, and to increase in violence, for days and months, and almost during an entire year. Nearly the whole of that venerable company of fathers and brethren were called to bliss. And now, therefore, brethren, watch you also in prayer, that youlikewisebefoundprepared,shouldanytribulationthreatenyou. " As already said, these words were thought to forebode a return of the plague, until, on the following day, news was brought by a fugitive, that the king was slain in battle, and that his guards were killed around him. These events happened, at that very moment of our saint's standing at the Roman fountain, whentheywererevealedtohispropheticmind. 39 Ashorttimeaftertheseoccur- rences, Cuthbert had occasion to visit Carlisle,4° for a purpose of ordaining some priests,andofinvestingthequeenherselfwiththereligioushabit. Atthistime, a priest, named Herbert,*'' or Herebert,*^ who led a solitary life, at the source of the Derwentwater, and who was a friend of the saint, took an opportunity to visit him, according to his annual custom, and for the express purpose of en- gaging in religious conferences. While these holy men were thus employed, amongst other things, Cuthbert said
39 See Bede's Life, cap. xxvii,, and Cap- grave's Life, cap. xxxviii.
*° It is said to have been called Caer-Luil
or Caer-Leol, in ancient times, from Luil, a
With large dark eyes upon his countenance
fixed,
And pale cheek dewed with tears. The
name he bore
Was ' Herbert of the Lake. ' "
—Aubrey De Vere's "Legends of the Saxon Saints," p. 190.
British
founder. See Lewis' "
to have been its
potentate, reputed Topographical
Dic-
tionary of England," vol. i. , p. 515.
*' " Recluse he lived
Within a woody isle of that fair lake
By Derwent lulled and Greta. Others in his " Ilistoria Ecclesiastica Gentis An-
thronged
Round Cuthbert's steps ; that hermit stood
apart
glorum," lib. iv. , cap. 29. He is mentioned, at tlie same day, by Hugh Menard, and in the English Martyrology.
:
" Remember, brother Herebert, you
*' Venerable Bede relates the death ot Herebert, as occurring on the 20lh of March,
March 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 889
tell me, at this time, and ask me all important things, since after we part again, we shall never see each other in this life. For, I am assured, the time of my
dissolution approaches, and the deposition of my body is near. " On hearing these words, Herebert fell at his friend's feet, and with tears and groans, he
as we have served him together in this life, we may also enjoy together the vision of his glory in heaven. Indeed, you know, that I have always en- deavoured to live in obedience to your commands, and whatever faults I have committed, through frailty or ignorance, I have been careful to correct, accord- ingtoyourwishes. " Cuthberttoldhimtoarise,andthathisdesireshouldbe accomplished. ''3 The event was a fulfilment of this prophecy ; for, on the de- parture of Herebert, these friends never more beheld each other with corporal sight, while their translation to heaven took place, on the same day, and at the same moment of time. -**
The miracles St. Cuthbert performed were very numerous. One day, whilst engaged in a visitation of his diocese, during whicli he preached and gave confir- mation, in all its towns and villages, our holy bishop came to the house of a certain Earl, named Hemna,<5 or Heunnajt^ whose wife lay at the point of death. Thismanreceivedthesaint,withgreatjoyandveneration,givingthanks to God, for the arrival of such a guest. When the prelate's hands and feet had been washed, according to a usual custom, he received an account regarding thedangerousstateofhishospitableentertainer'swife. Thecountwishedour saint to sprinkle her with holy water, that thus she might be restored to health, through God's mercy, or that she might pass with greater ease, from her suffer- ings in this life. Holy water having been brought, Cuthbert directed a priest to sprinkle it on the patient, who immediately awakened from a deep stupor, in which she lay, and she was soon restored to perfect health. The lady then gave thanks to God, who had deigned to conduct such guests to her house, they being instruments under him of her recovery. Afterwards, she did the honours of the table, and exercised offices of hospitality, towards the holy bishop and his attendants. ^*? A miracle of like nature was wrought, by our saint, in the presence of many persons. Amongst others, Edilwald,^^ Abbot of Mailrose, in Bede's time, was an eye-witness. While the saint was
engaged at one of his visitations, he came to a village, where a community of holy women found refuge, at the instance of Cuthbert, when driven f—rom their
" I beseech
in the name of our Lord, that
but that you will be mindful of your companion, and entreat the Almighty,
replied :
you,
you
desert me
not,
own
tive to the aforesaid PZdihvald had been afflicted during an entire year with an intolerable pain in the head and side, which baffled the skill of her physicians. This being made known to Cuthbert, he anointed her with holy oil. From
house, through
a fear of—
hostile marauders. One of these nuns a rela-
that she to — andshewas
hour, began grow better, perfectly restored,
inafew
of an spirit by our saint, as already mentioned fell into a grievous distemper,
days. ''9
evil
•'^ Sec "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Martii xx. De Sancto Cuthberto, &c. Tertia Vita S. Cuthbert! , lib. iv. , sect. 3, p. 122. This Life is said to have been written
<3
»«
Then Cuthbert knelt and prayed. At last he spake : —
Hilmer, the prefect whose wife —had been dispossessed
'Thy prayer is heard ; day and hour
We two shall die. ' "
the self-same
—Aubrey De Vere's " Legends Saxon Saints," p. 205.
of
the
^* See Bede's Life, cap. xxviii. , and Cap- grave's Life, cap. xxxix.
'
*5 See Rev, S.
the Saints," vol. iii. , March 20, p. 350.
successor of St. Cuthbert, in the See of Lin- disfarne, according to Bede's "HistoriaEc- clesiastica Gentis lib. v. i.
Baring-Gould's
Lives of
Anglorum," cap. Hedied,intheyear738,accordingto Matthew
monk of Lindisfarne. ^^ See Bede's Life, cap. xxix. , and Cap-
grave's Life, cap. xl.
'^ He afterwards succeeded St. Eadbert,
a
by contemporaneous
890 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 20.
whichbroughthimtothevergeofdissolution. 5° Manyofhisfriendscameto
visit him, and amongst others, one, who said he brouglit with him bread,
which had been blessed by Cuthbert ; adding, also, that he believed, if it
were tasted by the sick man, with unwavering faith, it must prove the means
of restoring him to health. All those, who were present, being pious lay
persons, concurred in this opinion. A cup was filled with water, when a
small portion of bread was put in it. The sick man having drank, he felt
(juite restored. 5' At another time, when the saint was making a visitation,
through a mountainous and rural district, many from the surrounding villagers
werebrought,thathemightimposehandsonthem. Nochurchorplace
could be found, suitable for the bishop's habitation, and for that of his com-
panions, who were obliged to cut down branches of trees to erect tents, for
two days they remained here, whilst engaged in evangelizing and confirming
the people. Amongst others, there appeared two women, bearing a young man, wasted with a long sickness ; having laid him down on his bed, at an
entrance to a wood, they sent to request the bishop, that their helpless charge might be allowed to appear in his presence, for the purpose of receiving his benediction. This request was granted, and when Cuthbert invoked a
blessingonthepatient,hewasrestoredtohealth.
Immediatelyrising,hepar- took of food, and, full of gratitude to God, he returned with the women, who hadbroughthimintothesaint'spresences* Aboutthissametime,agreat mortality prevailed, through all . the villages and towns in Lindisfarne diocese, sothat,inmanyinstances,thehouseswereleftdestituteofinhabitants. But, Cuthbert was not unmindful of a good pastor's duty, during the prevalence of this calamity. Having entered a certain village, which was called Medel- pong,53 ministering to the people's wants, he asked a priest, named Tidus,5-» who accompanied him, if he tiiought any remained, who had not availed themselves of the religious opportunities afforded them, as himself and his companions were about to leave for another station. 55 On looking around, a woman was observed in great affliction. Her son had just died, and she held another son in her arms, whose death was momentarily expected. Soon as the saint beheld her, he approached, and kissed tlie boy, while imparting
:
ablessing. Atthesametime,hesaidtothemother "Fearnot,fornoother
member of your family shall die during this plague. " The mother and her son lived, and for a long time afterwards, as authoritative vouchers for the
truth of this prediction. 5^
CHAPTER IV.
PROPHETIC WARNING OF CUTHBERT's APPROACHING DEATH—HIS VISION AT ABBESS ELFLEDA'S CONVENT—HE RETIRES TO LINDISFARNE, IN PREPARATION FOR HIS DEPARTURE—HIS LAST ILLNESS AND INSTRUCTIONS TO HIS MONKS—ST. CUTH- BERT'S HOLY DEATH—DEPOSITION OF HIS REMAINS, AND VARIOUS REMOVALS OF HIS SHRINE—THE CATHEDRAL OF DURHAM—DESECRATION OF ST. CUTHBERT's SHRINE IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY—SUBSEQUENT EXPLORATIONS TO DISCOVER HIS REMAINS—CALENDAR COMMEMORATIONS, CHURCHES AND CHAPELS BUILT TO HONOUR HIM—WRITINGS AND MEMORIALS—CONCLUSION.
Our saint, having a presentiment of his approaching death, had desired a return to his solitude, that thus he might make preparation for his entrance
of Westminster. Menard treats of him, at ilie 6th of January ; the English Martyrology
his feast, at the 1 2th of February.
*9 See Bede's Life, cap. xxx.
so See "Acta Sanctorum," De Sancto
cap. ix. , sect. 49, pp. no, in.
5' See Bede's Life, cap. xxxi,, and Cap-
grave's Life, cap. xli.
sa See Bede's Life, cap. xxxii.
" So states the contemporaneous monk of
places
Cuthberto, &c. Vita Prima S. Cuthherti, Lindisfarne.
I^lARCH 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 891
tothejoysoftheblessed. Withsuchview,heundertookalastvisitationofhis churches and religious houses, that he might set all things in order, and give his final instructions to the faithful. Being thus engaged, he was asked by the Abbess Elfled, or Elfleda, to visit one of her properties, on which a church had been erected, but still wanting consecration. ^ Whilst our saint was seated at table, in the monastery of this Abbess, his mind was suddenly diverted from the viands before him, his colour changed, and his eyes assumed a peculiar brilliancy,whiletheknifehehelddroppedfromhishand. Apriestinwaiting, turning to the Abbess in a private manner, requested her to ask the bishop what he had seen ; adding, that he knew the saint must have had a vision, which others could not behold, on account of changes over his countenance and because of his trembling hands. Elfled preferred this request to him ; but,
wishing to conceal what had occurred, he said in a jocose manner, " Why
"
should I be able to eat the whole day ? Ought I not rest at last ?
Abbess still persisted in knowing the cause of this emotion, he at length
" I saw the soul of a certain holy man brought by Angels, to the glory
said
of heaven. " Elfled asked, from what place he was brought, and likewise his name. The saint replied, that he belonged to her own monastery, and that she herself would declare the name, when he was about to celebrate Mass. On hearing this, the lady sent to learn who had lately died in her monastery. On the following day she heard, that one of her shepherds, who was a pious man, had incautiously ascended a tree, from which he fell, being killed about the time Cuthbert had a vision of his translation to heaven. This shepherd's name was Hadunald,^ as the Abbess told Cuthbert, Avhile he was preparing to celebrate Mass, and engaged at offices for the dedication of a church. 3
:
Leaving this place, the saint came to a house of holy virgins, presided over
by the Abbess, Verca ,'^
and, this nunnery was situated, not far from the
mouthoftheRiver
asked what he would wish to drink wine and beer, in turn, having been offeredhim. But,hedesiredwater,whichwasaccordinglydrawnforhim,from a neighbouring fountain. Having blessed it, he drank a little, and then he passed the water to a priest, who was near, and who again returned it to the servant. This latter asked, if it were lawful for him to drink from a cup used by the bishop, and being told it was, he drank 3 but, to his taste, this water had the flavour of wine, and on calling another of his brethren to taste it, he also pronounced a like opinion. Then, a declaration was made, that they had never tasted wine of more superior flavour. One of these men after- wards became an inmate of a monastery, at the mouth of the River Vuiri. Venerable Bede testifies, that he received this account, from the lips of that brother ; but, he happened to be dead, at the time when Bede wrote our saint's biography. s Indeed, the spiritual labours and great miracles of this holy man were numerous and of an extraordinary character. ^ Having dis-
54 According to the account given by the contemporaneous monk of Lindisfarne.
S3 See Le Comte de Montalembert's "Les Moines d'Occident," tome iv. , liv. XV. , chap, i. , p. 419.
3 Bede's Life, cap. xxxiv. Capgrave's Life, cap. xliii.
* The name of this holy woman, as here given, is not to be found in the Martyrolo- gies. See, Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum
i.
Comte de Montalembert's "Les Moines
Life, cap.
Capgrave's
d! Occident/'
425, 426. '^
Hadpuald the Monk of
xv. , chap, i. , pp.
Fleurj''s
tique," tome ix. , liv. xl. , sect, xliii. , pp/
tome liv. iv. ,
^ See Abbe
" Ilistoire Ecclesias-
is the name
given
to him
lib. where this incident is related.
sect.
^ The Lindisfarne Monk that he states,
enjoyed the ministration and conversation of
Lindisfarne,
iv. ,
lo,
Tyne.
While —our
here, saint, complaining
of
thirst,
was
56 See Bede's Life, cap. xxxiii. , and Cap- liibernije," xx. Martii. Vita S. Cuthberti,
grave's Life, cap. xUi.
n. 27, p. 678.
s
Bede's Life, cap. xliv.
to
by 95 07.
Article
—— Chapter iv. 'See Le
xxxv.
As the
892 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 20.
charged the duties of his episcopal office, for a term of two years, and finding his span of life about to close, Cuthbert resolved on abdicating the
pastoral charge, by retiring again to his place of retreat, there to engage more closelyincommunionwithGod. 7 Manyofhisbrethrencontinuedtovisit
him,whileinthisisland. Ononeparticularoccasion,whenthusvisited,after
giving his guests a suitable instruction, he requested them to partake of food, which he had provided for them, before their intended return. However, having provisions of their own, they did not use those, which were furnished by our saint. Having refreshed themselves, they prepared to embark, when a great storm arose, which detained them during seven days on his island. While waiting a safe opportunity to sail, they had frequent interviews with Cuthbert, who visited them on the seventh day, at a house, where they lodged. Onenteringit,hesawthatfowl,whichhehadrecommendedthem to eat, still untouched. Then playfully chiding them, for disobedience to his wishes, he insisted on their preparing it for food, promising also the sea should become so tranquil, as to afford them a safe return. On comply- ing with this request, the storm ceased, and those monks were enabled to leave. All particulars of this narrative. Venerable Bede gleaned from a holy priest, named Herefrid, who formed one of the company,^ and who was held in great respect for his piety. At that time, he was Abbot of Lindisfarne. 9
The solemn festival of our Lord's Nativity, a. d. - 686, being over, a band of monks, who had visited him, were about returning to the mainland. When Cuthbert stood with them on the sea-shore, a venerable monk, whose frame was weakened by dysentery, asked him, when they should again return. Our
His infirmity commenced on a Wednesday, and it terminated fatally on the sameday,'°havingcontinuedforthreeweeks. Beforethreedayshadelapsed, after the beginning of his sickness. Venerable Bede himself, with some of his brethren, visited Fame Island, for the purpose of receiving the holy man's blessing and admonitions. Having given a preconcerted sign, Cuthbert ap- proachedthewindow,andsigheddeeply; thenBedeinquired,ifillnesshad seized on him, during the night. Cuthbert having replied in the affirmative, Bede thought it must have been the return of a chronic complaint, under
saint, who had now a foreknowledge of death's near approach, said youshallbearmybodyhence. " Havingspentalmosttwomonths,practis- ing exercises of most rigorous penance, he was seized with a sudden illness.
which he laboured, and not a new sickness. He therefore said
:
" Give us
thybenediction,fornowitistimetosail,andreturnhomewards. " "Doas
you say," the holy prelate replied, "go on board, and return home, in safety.
But when God shall have received my soul, bury my body in this cell, close to my oratory, and towards the south, near the eastern side of that holy cross, which I have there erected. " Towards the northern part of this same oratory, there is a sarcophagus, buried in the earth, and which venerable Abbot Cudda"formerlygaveme; placemybodyinthis,wrappingitinfineUnen,
Angels, in his moments of solitude. See teries, to serve as sepulchral monuments for
*'
lib. iv. , sect, ii, p. 123. rum," tomus iii. Martii xx.
^
Acta Sancto- departed persons.
" Colgan remarks, that under this name
Bede's Life, cap. xxxvi. Life, cap. xlv.
Capgrave's
he has nothing to note, unless perhaps for Cudda we should rather substitute the read- ing of Ceadda. In this case, he thinks it may be the saint called Ceadda, who was abbot and bishop, and whose feast is at the 2nd day of March. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hibernioe," xx. Martii. Vita S. Cuthberti, n. 28, p. 678.
" Her convent was at Tynemouth, at the
s' See Bishop Challoner's " Britannia Sancta," part i. , March 20, p. 195.
'"See Abbe Fleury's "Histoire Eccle-
siastique," tome ix. , liv. xL, sect, xliii. ,
p. 97'
"
Christian custom of erecting crosses in ceme-
This mandate proves the antique
:
" When
March 20. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 893
which you shall here find. While living, I would not use it for clothing ; but, for reverence due the holy Abbess, "Verca,'3 who sent it to me, I have re- servedittoshroudmyremains. " Onhearingthesewords,Bedeinterrupted
him "Ibeseechyou,father,sinceIlearnyouareill,andabouttodie,that
:
you would permit some of the brothers to remain here, as your attendants. "
to this recommendation, the saint " Go now, but return at a only replied,
But,
convenient opportunity. '' Bede still endeavoured to urge on the holy bishop,
the necessity for accepting his proposal, but in vain ; then, he asked, when
"
When the Lord wills it, and signifies it to you. " Hereupon, Venerable Bede called the brethren together, and having entered the church, he ordered them to ofier up their prayers most earnestly for Cuthbert, whose words seemed to indicate, that the day of his dissolution had nearly arrived. Bede was anxious to return, on account of theholybishop'sinfirmity; but,astorm,whichlastedduringfivedays,pre- vented himself and his companions. This impediment he considers to have been providentially decreed, from events that followed. When the sea was calm,hereturnedtoFameIsland,withsomeofhisbrethren; and,therethey found, that our saint had left his cell, to visit the house, in which strangers were received by him. Some necessity requiring the return of his com- panions, Bede alone remained on Fame Island, ministering to all wants of the holy bishop. Having warmed some water, he washed a bleeding ulcer, onthefootofCuthbert; and,seeingfromhiscountenance,thatthesaintwas wasted with fasting and infirmity, Bede requested him to drink a little wine he had heated. These offices being performed, the holy man was placed in abed. Hisvenerablebiographerandfriend,thensittingbesidehim,remarks, that he appeared much worn with sickness, during the absence of himself and of his companions. He, also, expressed wonder, why Cuthbert refused to
they should return. Cuthbert said,
" Through the providence and will of God," he
receive proper attendance.
toincrease; wherefore,leavingmyhabitation,Icamehither,thatwhosoever approached to render me assistance might find me here, without being obliged to enter my cell. From the time my limbs reposed in this place, I moved not from it, for the last five days and nights, but I remained here in quiet. As often as I felt my mouth parched with thirst and dryness, I took care to refresh myself with this food," pointing to an onion, which was almost half consumed. Heresumed,"Myspiritualassaultswereneverstronger,during the whole time of my residence in this island, than during these last five days. " Bede did not venture to enquire more particularly, regarding the temptations of which he spoke, but only entreated him to receive some as- sistants. He consented, at length, and among the rehgious, who remained with him, was the Elder Bede,'^ a Priest, but, a distinct person from Cuthbert's biographer. This elder Bede was a familiar companion of our saint, acquainted with the existing state of his affairs ; and, therefore, his presence was judged necessary, to remind the prelate of trusts, which might remain un-
" has it
of human
endure adversity. For, after you departed from me, my weakness continued
replied,
happened,
that
being deprived
assistance,
I
might
fulfilled, through a want of recollection.
embouchere of the River Tyne, which sepa- rated Deira from Bernicia, the two Nor- thumbrian provinces. See Le Comte de Montalembert's "Les Moines d'Occident," tome iv. , liv. xv,, chap, i. , pp, 427, 428, and n. 2.
He named another person, in a
unless he be a Bede, whom the people of
Genoa are said to venerate, at the loth of
April, and who was buried, in the monas-
tery of St. Benignus. See Arnold Wion's
'* He is
name occurring, in any of the Martyrologies,
as Colgan shows, from traditions and ac-
counts him, this man could regarding holy
not have been either the Elder Bede, here alluded to, nor the Venerable Bede, as some
Beda
Bede ; but, Colgan is not able to find his
styled,
Major, by
Venerable
"
Lignum Vitas," at that date. However,
894 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 20.
special manner, to remain with him. This brother was suffering from dysenter}"-, whichbaffledtheskillofhisphysicians; but,beingamanofgreatprudence,
gravity and virtue, he was a faithful witness, regarding the closing actions of our saint's life. His biographer, Bede, leaving Fame Island, returned to the mainland. There he informed the monastic brothers, that Cuthbert
" It
pressed, of being interred on the island ; but, however, they thought it right to entreat him, that he should consent to have his remains afterwards trans-
expressed a wish to be buried on the island. He remarked, however seems to me better and more advisable, to obtain permission from him, that his body be transferred to this place, and here buried, with suitable honour, inthechurch. " Thisadvicewaswellreceived. VenerableBedewithothers returned and told the bishop, that they would not gainsay a desire he ex-
ferred to Lindisfarne. The saint dying
" Indeed, it was wish to my
replied :
depose my body in this isle, where whatever efforts I made for God were per-
formed. Here, 1 desire to end my course, and, hence, I hope the clement judge will raise me to a crown of justice ; and, for you, also, I think it better, that I rest here, on account of incursions to be feared from outcasts and enemies.
Again, perchance, many shall fly for refuge to my remains, as whatever I may be,famehasdivulgeditabroad,thatIamtheservantofChrist. Youmayoften be obliged to negotiate for my relics with princes, and therefore shall you suffer muchinconvenience,fromthepossessionofmybody. " Hisfriendsrepre- senting to him, with much earnestness, that a labour of this kind should prove
not but only light
Cuthbert after some
" If
you
visable, you should bury it in the church vaults, that you may be able to visit my tomb when you wish, and that others who come to you may enjoy the same privilege.
