In note 56, to the Third Life,
adopts an explanation, that this prophecy is not intended to apply, in reference to the Kings of Munster generally, of whom, nine or ten came to a violent death ; but, rather to the kings, descending from ^ngus alone,
son.
adopts an explanation, that this prophecy is not intended to apply, in reference to the Kings of Munster generally, of whom, nine or ten came to a violent death ; but, rather to the kings, descending from ^ngus alone,
son.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v3
, chap, xiv.
, P- 133-
97 Dr. John O'Donovan thus relates the popular tradition : He opened his lips to curse the territory, and pronounced the
I
Society. It is entitled, Traditions of the wordsMtdlaheen,Mitllaheen, UiDuach— CountyKilkenny. "
curse, I curse, Ui Duach ; but one of his
disciples, who was related to the noble
f-imily of Ui Duach, with a view to avert
the malediction from the territoiy and the
added — after Bee shin ar people, immediately
deen a gruack let that curse be on the
»8 See "The O'Brenans and the ancient
Territory of Hy-Duach. " A Lecture, de- livered to the Members of the Ballyragget Temperance Club. By the Rev. Nicholas
9? "
It is shown, on the Ordnance Survey
Murphy.
696 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 17.
and ecclesiastical establishments, in the territory, the principal of which is said to have been the old church at Donoughmore,99 in the present barony of Fassadinin. This is only one of the four churches bearing such a name in the ancient principality of Ossory. ^°° It is stated, that the old church of
Dysart,^°' in the barony of Fassadinin,^°^ and situated at the confluence of the River Dineen, with the Duan Stream, is a church of Patrician origin,^°3
and it is also in the territory of Ui-Duach,'°* or Idough. Again, it is re- corded, that he left the relics of certain holy men, and some of his own
people, in that place, where Martar-tech,'°3 or "the house of relics," is this
day, in Magh-Roighne territory. '"^ The Apostle founded churches and establishments there ; and, he said, that distinguished laics and clerics should
spring from the district, and that no province should have sway over them, while they remained obedient to his law.
At Druim-Conchind,"7 or " the ridge of Conchind," '°^ in Mairge, according to one account, the cross-beam of Patrick's chariot broke, while he was going onwards towards IMunster. He made another beam, from the wood of the
or "
procuredanother,anditbroke,inlikemanner. Patricksaid,thatthereshould neverbeanyimplementmadeoutofthetimber,inthatwood. Thisprediction had been fulfilled, in after time, for even a wooden pin was not made from it. There, also, was shown a place, called Patrick's Desert, "° and, as a waste, it was subsequently associated with his memory. According to a popular tradition, in Ossory, St. Patrick had an interview with St. Ciaran,"^ the patron, who had already preached the Gospel there, and who had converted many to the true faith. This meeting is said to have been near the banks of the River Suir, and the townlands of Rathpatrick"^ and Rathkieran"^ are supposed to indicate the mansion places of the two saints, while sojourning
Townland Maps for the County of Kil- fair wide plain of the Feoir," or Nore, and kenny," Sheets 4, 5, 9, 10. The townland its chief is called O'Braonain. See Dr.
druim,^°^
ridge. " This, however,
broke when he immediately afterwards,
proper is shown, on the latter Sheet.
O'Donovan's "Topographical Poems of
veagh, in the barony of Galmoy. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four
"
'°° to Rev. Dr. Reeves According
and Giolla na Naomh
Every place where Patrick used to remain on Sunday is called Domnach Mor, that is, from the number of the hosts that used to be about him, and used to give him great
See a " on the townland dis- paper,
gifts. "
tribution of Ireland," published in "The Masters," vol. i. , n. (e), p. 484.
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," vol. vii. , pp. 488, 489.
'°' No remains of the church can now be
seen, and only a corner of the burial-ground,
the red Dineen having carried away the re-
mainder.
"
'°5 This place has not been identified.
"-
Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the
of ancient but its limits do not seem Ossory,
to be well defined. See Rev. John Francis Shearman's "Loca Patriciana," No. xi. , n.
266.
(i), p.
^°? According to the Irish Tripartite Life.
The Latin version has Druim-chonchinn, but without particularizing the district.
^°^ This name is said to have been derived
f rom an ancient hero, and the place itself is
stated, to have been near Sleibhte, by the Rev. John Francis Shearman, in " Loca Patriciana," No. xi. , p. 270.
'°^ It is often Latinized "dorsum. "
"° The church site, at the bridge of Dysart, is said to represent the Latinized form " Desertum Patricii. "
'" His feast occurs, at the 5th of March.
This parish of Dysart is defined, on the
"
County of Kilkenny,
The townland proper, Dysart Glebe, is on Sheet 10.
'°3 Although the church had been founded by St. Patrick, its titular is said to have been St. Brendan, or Brenan, a native of Ui Duach. From him, it has been con- jectured, that Brandon Hill derives its name. See Rev. John Francis Shearman's " Loca Patriciana," No. xi.
"* For several centuries, this territory was considered, as co-extensive with the barony
of Fassadinin, in the county of Kilkenny.
By O'Huidhrin, it is characterized, as "the the
Sheets 5, 6, 10, 11.
:
John O'Dubhagain
O'Huidhrin," pp. 94, 95, and p. lix. , nn. 496, 497. In more ancient times, Ui-Duach had a greater extent, and it included Rath-
'"^
This is said to have been the nucleus
'"
This townland is in the parish, so
named, and barony of Ida, as described, on
''
Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for
March 17. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 697
inthatneighbourhood. "* Howeverthismaybe,Patrickatlengthtookhis leave of the Leinster province, and having founded there a great number of churches and establishments, he left a blessing on the people, and the holy man prepared for a new mission, by crossing the lines, which bounded the Munster province. "^
CHAPTER XIX.
MISSIONARIES IN MUNSTER, BEFORE THE VISIT OF ST. PATRICK TO THAT PROVINCE—HIS PREACHING AT CASHEL, AND THE CONVERSION OF KING ^NGUS WITH HIS PEOPLE— ST. PATRICK VISITS MUSCRAIGHE-I5RE0GAIN AND HI-CUANACH—HE GOES TO ARA- CHLIACH AND TO HY-FIDHGENTE, SO FAR AS THE RIVER SHANNON, AND THEN HE RETURNS TOWARDS EASTERN MUNSTER.
The reason why St. Patrick deferred his mission to Munster, for so many years, did not arise from any want of good feeling, towards the people of that province ; but, from the fact, most probably, of their having had some apostles already at work, while he was journeying througli the other Irish
provinces. ^ Those holy men are said to have been, chiefly Saints Ailbe,^ Declan,3 Ibar,* and Kieran. 5 In addition to those persons, already converted by tlie preaching of his saintly predecessors, Patrick was now destined to add many thousandstotheranksofChristianity. Hiscourse,andthatofhisdisciples, was turned towards Cashel of the Kings. It was so called, most probably, on account of a " stone ^ which crowned its celebrated from
Sioth-Druim,7
" the
sequestered hill,"
we
fortress," Rock,
It is said, that in more ancient times, this city was also
a very early period.
called druim,
"
should seem to be the true root for its denomination.
At this time, the celebrated ^nguss,^ or ^ngussius,9 the son of Nad-
fraich, is said to have been king over Munster. '° It seems probable, his royal
or "the of a hill. "
from
"
and
Rather,
" " or fairy
ridge
sprite-hill," it having been in pagan times the scene of pagan worship,
the County of Kilkenny," Sheets 43, 44, 46, 47. The townland proper is on Sheets 43,
having undertaken this southern mission, in order to extend and revive the Christian Faith. According to the Tripartite, his ob-
44.
-'3 This parish has its boundaries center- jects were, " fidei propagandae et refo-
minous with the former, but lying more to the west, in the barony of Iverk.
"••See John Hogan's "St. Ciaran, Patron of Ossory," &c. , part ii. , chap, xiv. , pp. 135 to 137. Here, too, it is stated, that the Irish Apostle was waited upon, by St. Declan, who came from Ardmore, over the mountains of Sliabh-Cua, to Hynneone, now Mullachinneone, a townland in the
of New near Clonmel. parish Chapel,
vendse. " See " Vita Tripartita S. Patricii," lib. iii. , cap. xxxi. , p. 156.
^
Ilis feast occurs, at the 12th of Septem- ber.
3 His festival belong? , to the 24th of July, "• Hisfeastisheld,onthe23rdofApril.
5 He is venerated, at the 5th of March,
"5 See " Trias
Colgan's Thaumaturga. "
lish " Dictionary.
^ Sidh-Dhridm or '* [Sheerim]
Fairy-
topo-
Quarta
Vita S.
Patricii, cap. Ixxv. , p. 44.
" is ridge by
no means an uncommon
Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. cxv. , cxvii. , cxx. ,
cxxvii. , pp. 91, 92, 93, and nn. 126, 127, p.
114. Septima Vita S. Patricii, pars, iii. ,
cap. xix. , XX. , xxi. , xxii. , xxiii. , xxiv. , xxv. ,
xxvi. , xxvii. , xxviii. , pp. 152, 153, and nn.
33 to 54, pp. 185, 186. Also Miss Cusack's
graphical designation, in Ireland, where we
have several places so named. See Dr. Joyce's *' Origin and History of Irish Names of Places," part ii. , chap, v. , p. 178.
* The name is also written Oengus, and Aongus, by the Irish.
? This is the Latin form, and it is also rendered ^nceas. Keating says, that ^ngus
"
Life of St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland,"
pp. 461 to 466, wit—h accompanying notes. '
Chapter xix. It seems, that there were Christians, in Munster, before St. Patrick's arrival, for he is represented, as
reigned for thirty-six years,
and that he was
^
Such is the English meaning of this
sioth, may say, Sig-Druim,
quiet,"
word, according to O'Reilly's "Irish-Eng-
killed, at the battle of Killosnadh, in the
"
county of Carlow. See General History
698 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 17.
castle was on the summit of the celebrated Rock, now so magnificently coro- netedwith ruins. Pagan idols had been erected, at that epoch, in the place. But, when the monarch arose, in the morning, and entered a heathen temple, all those idols were laid prostrate, on the advent of Patrick and his people in Cashel. Although the king set them up again, in their former position ; yet, still they tumbled down ; for, as Dagon could not stand before the Ark of God's Covenant," so these Idols could not remain in their place, when the blessed bishop drew near to them. Deservedly may he be called an Ark of the Covenant, for he carried, as in a golden vessel, the Divine Manna of con- templative sweetness, the table of the Divine Law, and the rod of heavenly discipline. Hearing about the glorious bishop's approach. King ^nguss then went forward to meet him, and he received the saint with great honour, at the side of the fort ; for, already he had some supernatural manifestation, regard- ing a superior power, who accompanied his august visitor. The monarch then bade him and his attendants welcome to his court ; and, he took them into the Fort, near to that place, where Leac-Patrick," or " Patrick's stone," was afterwards seen. While St. Patrick was at Cashel, it is stated, that he preached an eloquent sermon, '3 which had a powerful effect, on the minds of his auditors. The king and his chieftains believed in the doctrine of Christ, which they approved, and Patrick, placing his hand on the monarch's head, gave him a special blessing. ' After that, he baptized the sons of Nad- fraechj'S with many belonging to the household, and other Munster men be- sides, who were there. The Apostle left a blessing, and he predicted
prosperityforthem. Moreover,heblessedtheirstrongFortofCashel. '^
"While our Apostle was baptizing yEngus, the point of his crozier, on which Patrick was leaning, went through the king's sandle-covered foot. ^7 After-
of Ireland," book ii. lie does not mark the precise date, for that battle ; but, it is as- signed, by the Four Masters, to the year 489.
Again, St. Naol, or Natalis, of Kilmanagh, who died A. D. 564, is said to have been his
the Irish Celts," pp. 325, 326.
'"
" Acta Sanctorum Hi- bernise," xxvii. Januarii. De S. Natali
Abbate et Confessore, cap. i. , p. 169.
•° The arrival of St. Patrick, in South
According to tlie Irish Life, he said, that only one race should be there for ever ; while, the Latin Life has it, that the blood of only one person should there be shed.
In note 56, to the Third Life,
adopts an explanation, that this prophecy is not intended to apply, in reference to the Kings of Munster generally, of whom, nine or ten came to a violent death ; but, rather to the kings, descending from ^ngus alone,
son. See
Colgan's
p. 32, Colgan
Munster, is referred by Dr. LanigaTi, to the
beginning of A. D. 445, or according to
Ussher, to the year 449. But, although and being at the seat of Cashel, or, perhaps,
^ngus may have been a young prince, bap- tized at this time, it seems pretty evident, according to Dr. Lanigan, that he could not
have occupied the throne, until a period long subsequent to this arrival of the Apostle. It is more than probable, his father Natfraich was the hospitable entertainer of St. Patrick.
" See i. Kings, v. 3, 4, 5.
it referred to the posterity of ^inguss and of his brother Olild. As an additional objec- tion might arise, that no less than six princes of Munster, viz. : Ferguss Scandal, Moel- gual, Corbmac son of Culenn, Fingune son of Kinngegan, Moelforthartac, and Fergrad, belonging to the race of ^ngiiss, all perished by a violent death ; it may be re- plied, that the prophecy of St. Patrick did
" The Third Life calls it Leac Cothirge.
The latter was one of St. Patrick's names. not apply absolutel}', to the princes of
In Colgan's time, this object was a rock, called Leac-Phadruic, outside the walls of Cashel city, and greatly worn, through the effects of time. See n. 57, p. 32.
'3 The words and a summary of this dis-
IMunster, descending from ^nguss and Ailill, but only to one individual, who perished at Cashel, as the words of the pre- diction seem strictly to signify. However, the foregoing prophecy is poorly authenticated.
'7 As Aubrey De Vere, in his Poem, has it :—
"thus called to follow Him
whose feet
Were pierced with nails, haply the blisst rite
Some little pain included. "
in the Tract of Richard Stanihurst, " De Vita S. Patricii, Hiberniai
Apostoli," lib. ii. , pp. 44 to 56.
'•• According to the Third Life, cap. Ix. ,
p. 26.
's The baptism of Aongus is narrated, in
Patrick Kennedy's " Legendary Fictions of
course are
given,
March 17. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 699 wards, the saint asked, wliy he did not make that circumstance known/^
" said the heroic Because,"
" I it was a rule of the faith. " thought
king,
'* "
You shall have its rewards," '9 said Patrick,-*^
^^
for, your successors,^'
from this day forth, shall not die from wounds. "
From a Life of St. Ailbe, it has been supposed, Patrick convened a
Synod at Cashel, where it has been assumed, that the proto-missionaries of IMunster, Ailbe of Emly,^^ Declan^4 of Ardmore, Ibar of Beg-Erin,=5 and
Kieran of Saigir,^^ contended, at first, regarding their several privileges and jurisdictions. -7 At length, these matters are stated to have been satis-
^^
factorily arranged, by the respective saints, already mentioned.
they made various constitutions, for the good government of the Irish Churcli, and for the establishment of ecclesiastical discipline. "^9
After this, the saint went to Muscraidhe-Breogain,3° where he founded churches and establishments. One day, while he was washing his hands in a ford there, a tooth fell from his mouth into the water. Patrick went upon a hillock, to the north of that shallow ; and, some of his disciples began to look forthetooth. Forthwith,itglistenedintheford,liketothesun,ortoashining star ; wherefore, Ath-fiaclai was the future name of that sliallow, and Cill-fiacla, now said to be Kilfeacle,3' became the denomination of that church. There,
'^ " St. Patrick at Cashel, or the Baptism of Aengus" is one, among Aubrey De Vere's
"
'9 See John O'Daly's Kings of tlie Race of Eibher," a chronological Irish poem, by John O'Dugan, with an English translation, by Michael Kearney, a. d. 1635, pp. 15, 16, and n. 3. In Aubrey De Vere's Poem, we
(^6, The town is on Sheet 65.
-* In his Life, there is no account of Declan
having been at a Synod in Cashel.
-5 This is in the parish of St. Margaret's, in the barony of Sbelmaliere East. It is
Legends of St. Patrick," pp. 95 to 103. "
" "-'' have a forecast, that the kingly church
His Acts state, that he visited zEngus,
to be built on that "rock, higli-place of
at Cashel, on a certain occasion, but they
idols once," should
stored.
His witness till Pie cometh. ''
have no account of his being present, at a ""
stand
For aye, or wrecked, from ruin rise re-
Synod, in that place. See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum Hibernix," v. ]\Iartii, Vita S.
-°
these words
"'^
Kieran's and Ibar's
to St. Patrick, with what was said to have occurred at Cashel, between St. Patrick, Ailbe and Declan. So far as regards the appointments to Saigir and Beg-erin, Harris ought to have known, that in accounts con- cerning this matter, Kieran and Ibar are ex- hibited, as having been bishops in those
Thus is —he related to have pronounced :
Harris confounded the narrative of
" The sons of Xadfraech, of sounding fame, Of them shall be kings and chieftains ;
. ^ngus from the lands of Feimhen, And Ailill, his brother. "
We are infoimied, that twenty-eight kings, ordained with t—he crozier, according to the
Irish Tripartite or twenty-seven, tonsur—ed as Monks, according to the Latin version of the race of Ailill and of Aengus, reigned in Cashel, until the time of Cenngegan, or Kenngegan, who is otherwise known as Finghuine, King of Cashel. He was slain, A. D. 897.
places, even before St. Patrick's mission "
Chuirc, from the family of the O'Cuirc, now " These were descendants, from Aengus Quirk. This territory is now included in
and Ailill, sons of Nadfraech.
^^ The Irish Tripartite Life adds, that no
one was King of Cashel, until Patrick's
the barony of Clanwilliam, in the south- west of the county of Tipperary. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Topographical Poems of
comarb ordained him, and imposed the John O'Dubhagain and Giolla na Naomh
grade on him. O'iluidhrin," p. Ixx. , n. 609.
^^ This is now a parish, in the barony of 3' This now is a parish, in the barony of Clanwilliam, and it is shown, on the " Ord- Clanwilliam, and it is described, on the nance Survey Townland Maps for the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for tlie
County of Tipperary," Sheets 57, 58, 65, County of Tipperary," Sheets 59, 60, 67,
shown, on the
"
Ordnance Survey Town-
land Maps for the County of Wexford," Sheet 3S.
Kyrani.
^7 See Ussher's
"
PrimorJia," cap. xvii. ,
pp. 801 to 866, ct seq.
It is said,
proceedings, reiaiively
began in Ireland. See Dr. Lanigan's Ec- clesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, vi. , sect, vii. , n. 71, p. 2S7.
=9 See Harris' Ware, vol. i. , "Arch-
bishops of Armagh," pp. 20, 21.
3° It was otherwise called Muscraidhe
700 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 17.
Patrick left the tooth, and it was afterwards preserved as a most precious relic. Four of his people, viz. , Cuircthe,^" also called Curcneus,33 and
Loscan, Cailech, and Bedan,34 or Beoanus,35 were left there, as custodians3^ of that much-prized depository. Then, St. Patrick took leave of the Mus-
craidhepeople,andgavethemablessing. Accordingtotradition,37whilein
Ardpatrick Cluucu and Kour. d Tower, Cuuniy ui Limerick.
the south part of this country, he founded a church, or monaster)^, on the summit of a hill, afterwards called Ardpatrick ;38 and, here are the remains of a Round Tower,39 as also those of an ancient temple. The holy missionary
68. The townland proper is on Sheets 59,
3' According to the Irish Tripartite Life. 33 According to the Latin version,
34 According to the Irisli Tripartite Life. 33 According to the Latin version.
3^ Colgan labours, without any very satis- factory result, to connect their names witli certain saints, noted in the Irish Calendars.
"
church wall, and the corbels which sup- ported it still remain. From this kind of vantage point missiles, or scalding water, or melted lead, might be poured upon the heads of people, endeavouring to force the door. There is a perfect example of the bartizan, surmounting the only doorway of Jerpoint
Abbey, in the county of Kilkenny. The round tower of Ardpatrick must have been one of the finest, in Ireland, and it must have looked very grand from its highly-elevated position. It is built, in regular courses of masonry. Only about 25 or 30 feet of the
37 See Lewis'
of Ireland," vol. i. , p. 56.
Topographical Dictionary
38 This parish is in the barony of Coshlea,
and it is described, on the " Ordnance Sur-
vey Townland Maps for the County of structure remain, and the stonework is Limerick," Sheets 48, 56. The townland
proper is on the latter Sheet.
39 About fifty years ago, a great portion of the Round Tower fell. The old church
was a large, plainly-built structure, with walls of unusual thickness. Its—doorway,
Roman-looking. Close to the church, there is a very deep well, lined with stones, but now choked up, with those that have fallen.
The foregoing descriptive particulars have been furnished, by William F. Wakeman, in a letter, dated Enniskillen, October }7th, 1879. He also drew the illustration here presented, on the spot, and transferred it to the wood. It has been engraved, by George A. lianlon.
'•'='
According to the Irish Tripartite Life. *' Colgan describes it, as a mediterranean
—all there which is in the south side w
ap- pears to have been no chancel was anciently surmounted by a machicolation, or bartizan.
This contrivance was commonly, in castles,
"
It projected from the highest part of the
styled by our peasantry a
murdering hole. "
March 17. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 701
afterwards went to Aradha-Cliach,4° or Aracliach/^ a territory which com- prised the present parish of Kilteely^^ and the barony of Coonagh, in the east of Limerick County. i3 He came to a place, called Jochtar-Cuillenn, or Huachtar-chuillen, now Cullen townland and parish,''4 in the old territory of Ui-Cuannach. ''3 There, Olild, or Ailill, the son of Cathbadh, son to Lugh- aidh, belonging to the Eoghanachf*^ of Airther47-Cliach, and a chief over this part of the country, met him. For a time, that Dynast resisted the grace of God, which worked through the preaching and merits of St. Patrick. But, a great family affliction befell him, and this was the means of effecting his con- version. His wife went to the hillock, where the clerics were, one day, and she cried aloud in a distracted manner, that the swine had torn in pieces and haddevouredhersonAilill,whowasgreatlybelov—edbyhisparents. Soonthe
with humble and subdued for he was overcome with mien,
"
I will believe, if you resuscitate my son. " Therefore, the holy Patrick commanded the boy's bones to be collected, and then he directed a Cele-De'-*^ of his people, who was called Malach,'t9 or IMalachias,5° Britt,5' to resuscitate him. But this disciple, who
was " I will not offend the Lord veryhumble,said,
father— appeared,
grief, and Ailill said to St. Patrick,
he was seized with a doubt, that the Almighty would effect a miracle, through so unworthy an instru-
"Thatis
said, pitiful,
OMalach thyhouseonearth ;
ment. Patrickthen
shall not be high, and it shall be a small one ;
of one man. " His house was in the north-eastern angle^^ of the southern Deise, and its name was Cill-Malaich,53 so called after the founder. Five persons could never be supported there, according to the Irish Tripartite Life ; while the Latin version has it, that the land attaching to the place was so scant, as scarcely to serve for the feeding of five cows. Afterwards, St. Patrick commanded Bishops Ibar^^ and Ailbhe,53 to resuscitate the boy. The
region of Munster, and near to the city of equivalent Cele-De, which Colgan, as Rev. Limerick, towards the east. Dr. Reeves observes, incorrectly rendered ^ It is situated, partly within the barony in Latin, by ctiidain advemc, instead of
monac oxservoDei. See "Onthe ho, Essay,
Celi-de, commonly called Culdees," by Rev. Dr. Reeves, in "Transactions of the Royal
Irish Academy," vol. xxiv. , pp. 121, 122.
^' So is he called, in the Irish Tripartite
Lives.
so fhus is he named, by Jocelyn. His identity does not appear to have been deter- mined.
si This word that he was a native signifies,
of Britain.
52 So states the Irish Tripartite Life ;
while the Latin Life has " in orientali it,
limite. "
S3 Several places, bearing this name, are in
Limerick; and,therearethreeKilmaloges, in the south of Tipperary. This appears to
be Kilmaloo, in the parish of Kinsalebeg, in the south of the barony of Decies- Within-
Drom, county of Waterford, according to a
"
Life of St. Patrick. " This district was marked, as we are told, on old maps, as South Decies. It is said to be within the diocese of Lis- more. However, South Deise was situated
in the county of Limerick,
^4 fjis feast occurs, at the 23rd of April, ^5 His festival is held, on the 12th of
September,
s<5 it is that as St. Patrick conse- thought,
of and within that of
Smallcounty, partly
Coonagh. It is defined, on the Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Limerick," Sheets 23, 24, 32, 33,
•3 According to Dr. O'Donovan, in "The Topographical Poems of John O'Dubhagain and Giolla na Naomh O'lluidhrin," n. 755, pp. Ixxxiii. , Ixxxiv. Ui-Cuanach seems formerly to have included Crota Cliach, now the Galtee in the of
Tipperary. It was only a portion of Ara Cliach.
^^ These lie in the of
barony Clanwilliam,
and it is shown, on the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Tip- perary," Sheet 58.
*^ Now the barony of Coonagh.
*^
Tlie descendants of Eoghain Mor, son to OilioU Olum, who flourished in the second century of the Christian era, were called Eoghanachts, by the Irish genea-
Mountains, county
See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (b), p. 109.
^' This signifies, in English, "east," or " eastern. "
^* This name Cele-De was equivalent to the special designation servus Dei, conferred on those, in the early Church, who adopted the practices of the monastic life. This is
the earliest known of the Irish application
legists.
"
;" for,
thy house shall only be the house
note, 6, p. 468, in Miss Cusack's
702 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
97 Dr. John O'Donovan thus relates the popular tradition : He opened his lips to curse the territory, and pronounced the
I
Society. It is entitled, Traditions of the wordsMtdlaheen,Mitllaheen, UiDuach— CountyKilkenny. "
curse, I curse, Ui Duach ; but one of his
disciples, who was related to the noble
f-imily of Ui Duach, with a view to avert
the malediction from the territoiy and the
added — after Bee shin ar people, immediately
deen a gruack let that curse be on the
»8 See "The O'Brenans and the ancient
Territory of Hy-Duach. " A Lecture, de- livered to the Members of the Ballyragget Temperance Club. By the Rev. Nicholas
9? "
It is shown, on the Ordnance Survey
Murphy.
696 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 17.
and ecclesiastical establishments, in the territory, the principal of which is said to have been the old church at Donoughmore,99 in the present barony of Fassadinin. This is only one of the four churches bearing such a name in the ancient principality of Ossory. ^°° It is stated, that the old church of
Dysart,^°' in the barony of Fassadinin,^°^ and situated at the confluence of the River Dineen, with the Duan Stream, is a church of Patrician origin,^°3
and it is also in the territory of Ui-Duach,'°* or Idough. Again, it is re- corded, that he left the relics of certain holy men, and some of his own
people, in that place, where Martar-tech,'°3 or "the house of relics," is this
day, in Magh-Roighne territory. '"^ The Apostle founded churches and establishments there ; and, he said, that distinguished laics and clerics should
spring from the district, and that no province should have sway over them, while they remained obedient to his law.
At Druim-Conchind,"7 or " the ridge of Conchind," '°^ in Mairge, according to one account, the cross-beam of Patrick's chariot broke, while he was going onwards towards IMunster. He made another beam, from the wood of the
or "
procuredanother,anditbroke,inlikemanner. Patricksaid,thatthereshould neverbeanyimplementmadeoutofthetimber,inthatwood. Thisprediction had been fulfilled, in after time, for even a wooden pin was not made from it. There, also, was shown a place, called Patrick's Desert, "° and, as a waste, it was subsequently associated with his memory. According to a popular tradition, in Ossory, St. Patrick had an interview with St. Ciaran,"^ the patron, who had already preached the Gospel there, and who had converted many to the true faith. This meeting is said to have been near the banks of the River Suir, and the townlands of Rathpatrick"^ and Rathkieran"^ are supposed to indicate the mansion places of the two saints, while sojourning
Townland Maps for the County of Kil- fair wide plain of the Feoir," or Nore, and kenny," Sheets 4, 5, 9, 10. The townland its chief is called O'Braonain. See Dr.
druim,^°^
ridge. " This, however,
broke when he immediately afterwards,
proper is shown, on the latter Sheet.
O'Donovan's "Topographical Poems of
veagh, in the barony of Galmoy. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four
"
'°° to Rev. Dr. Reeves According
and Giolla na Naomh
Every place where Patrick used to remain on Sunday is called Domnach Mor, that is, from the number of the hosts that used to be about him, and used to give him great
See a " on the townland dis- paper,
gifts. "
tribution of Ireland," published in "The Masters," vol. i. , n. (e), p. 484.
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," vol. vii. , pp. 488, 489.
'°' No remains of the church can now be
seen, and only a corner of the burial-ground,
the red Dineen having carried away the re-
mainder.
"
'°5 This place has not been identified.
"-
Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the
of ancient but its limits do not seem Ossory,
to be well defined. See Rev. John Francis Shearman's "Loca Patriciana," No. xi. , n.
266.
(i), p.
^°? According to the Irish Tripartite Life.
The Latin version has Druim-chonchinn, but without particularizing the district.
^°^ This name is said to have been derived
f rom an ancient hero, and the place itself is
stated, to have been near Sleibhte, by the Rev. John Francis Shearman, in " Loca Patriciana," No. xi. , p. 270.
'°^ It is often Latinized "dorsum. "
"° The church site, at the bridge of Dysart, is said to represent the Latinized form " Desertum Patricii. "
'" His feast occurs, at the 5th of March.
This parish of Dysart is defined, on the
"
County of Kilkenny,
The townland proper, Dysart Glebe, is on Sheet 10.
'°3 Although the church had been founded by St. Patrick, its titular is said to have been St. Brendan, or Brenan, a native of Ui Duach. From him, it has been con- jectured, that Brandon Hill derives its name. See Rev. John Francis Shearman's " Loca Patriciana," No. xi.
"* For several centuries, this territory was considered, as co-extensive with the barony
of Fassadinin, in the county of Kilkenny.
By O'Huidhrin, it is characterized, as "the the
Sheets 5, 6, 10, 11.
:
John O'Dubhagain
O'Huidhrin," pp. 94, 95, and p. lix. , nn. 496, 497. In more ancient times, Ui-Duach had a greater extent, and it included Rath-
'"^
This is said to have been the nucleus
'"
This townland is in the parish, so
named, and barony of Ida, as described, on
''
Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for
March 17. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 697
inthatneighbourhood. "* Howeverthismaybe,Patrickatlengthtookhis leave of the Leinster province, and having founded there a great number of churches and establishments, he left a blessing on the people, and the holy man prepared for a new mission, by crossing the lines, which bounded the Munster province. "^
CHAPTER XIX.
MISSIONARIES IN MUNSTER, BEFORE THE VISIT OF ST. PATRICK TO THAT PROVINCE—HIS PREACHING AT CASHEL, AND THE CONVERSION OF KING ^NGUS WITH HIS PEOPLE— ST. PATRICK VISITS MUSCRAIGHE-I5RE0GAIN AND HI-CUANACH—HE GOES TO ARA- CHLIACH AND TO HY-FIDHGENTE, SO FAR AS THE RIVER SHANNON, AND THEN HE RETURNS TOWARDS EASTERN MUNSTER.
The reason why St. Patrick deferred his mission to Munster, for so many years, did not arise from any want of good feeling, towards the people of that province ; but, from the fact, most probably, of their having had some apostles already at work, while he was journeying througli the other Irish
provinces. ^ Those holy men are said to have been, chiefly Saints Ailbe,^ Declan,3 Ibar,* and Kieran. 5 In addition to those persons, already converted by tlie preaching of his saintly predecessors, Patrick was now destined to add many thousandstotheranksofChristianity. Hiscourse,andthatofhisdisciples, was turned towards Cashel of the Kings. It was so called, most probably, on account of a " stone ^ which crowned its celebrated from
Sioth-Druim,7
" the
sequestered hill,"
we
fortress," Rock,
It is said, that in more ancient times, this city was also
a very early period.
called druim,
"
should seem to be the true root for its denomination.
At this time, the celebrated ^nguss,^ or ^ngussius,9 the son of Nad-
fraich, is said to have been king over Munster. '° It seems probable, his royal
or "the of a hill. "
from
"
and
Rather,
" " or fairy
ridge
sprite-hill," it having been in pagan times the scene of pagan worship,
the County of Kilkenny," Sheets 43, 44, 46, 47. The townland proper is on Sheets 43,
having undertaken this southern mission, in order to extend and revive the Christian Faith. According to the Tripartite, his ob-
44.
-'3 This parish has its boundaries center- jects were, " fidei propagandae et refo-
minous with the former, but lying more to the west, in the barony of Iverk.
"••See John Hogan's "St. Ciaran, Patron of Ossory," &c. , part ii. , chap, xiv. , pp. 135 to 137. Here, too, it is stated, that the Irish Apostle was waited upon, by St. Declan, who came from Ardmore, over the mountains of Sliabh-Cua, to Hynneone, now Mullachinneone, a townland in the
of New near Clonmel. parish Chapel,
vendse. " See " Vita Tripartita S. Patricii," lib. iii. , cap. xxxi. , p. 156.
^
Ilis feast occurs, at the 12th of Septem- ber.
3 His festival belong? , to the 24th of July, "• Hisfeastisheld,onthe23rdofApril.
5 He is venerated, at the 5th of March,
"5 See " Trias
Colgan's Thaumaturga. "
lish " Dictionary.
^ Sidh-Dhridm or '* [Sheerim]
Fairy-
topo-
Quarta
Vita S.
Patricii, cap. Ixxv. , p. 44.
" is ridge by
no means an uncommon
Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. cxv. , cxvii. , cxx. ,
cxxvii. , pp. 91, 92, 93, and nn. 126, 127, p.
114. Septima Vita S. Patricii, pars, iii. ,
cap. xix. , XX. , xxi. , xxii. , xxiii. , xxiv. , xxv. ,
xxvi. , xxvii. , xxviii. , pp. 152, 153, and nn.
33 to 54, pp. 185, 186. Also Miss Cusack's
graphical designation, in Ireland, where we
have several places so named. See Dr. Joyce's *' Origin and History of Irish Names of Places," part ii. , chap, v. , p. 178.
* The name is also written Oengus, and Aongus, by the Irish.
? This is the Latin form, and it is also rendered ^nceas. Keating says, that ^ngus
"
Life of St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland,"
pp. 461 to 466, wit—h accompanying notes. '
Chapter xix. It seems, that there were Christians, in Munster, before St. Patrick's arrival, for he is represented, as
reigned for thirty-six years,
and that he was
^
Such is the English meaning of this
sioth, may say, Sig-Druim,
quiet,"
word, according to O'Reilly's "Irish-Eng-
killed, at the battle of Killosnadh, in the
"
county of Carlow. See General History
698 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 17.
castle was on the summit of the celebrated Rock, now so magnificently coro- netedwith ruins. Pagan idols had been erected, at that epoch, in the place. But, when the monarch arose, in the morning, and entered a heathen temple, all those idols were laid prostrate, on the advent of Patrick and his people in Cashel. Although the king set them up again, in their former position ; yet, still they tumbled down ; for, as Dagon could not stand before the Ark of God's Covenant," so these Idols could not remain in their place, when the blessed bishop drew near to them. Deservedly may he be called an Ark of the Covenant, for he carried, as in a golden vessel, the Divine Manna of con- templative sweetness, the table of the Divine Law, and the rod of heavenly discipline. Hearing about the glorious bishop's approach. King ^nguss then went forward to meet him, and he received the saint with great honour, at the side of the fort ; for, already he had some supernatural manifestation, regard- ing a superior power, who accompanied his august visitor. The monarch then bade him and his attendants welcome to his court ; and, he took them into the Fort, near to that place, where Leac-Patrick," or " Patrick's stone," was afterwards seen. While St. Patrick was at Cashel, it is stated, that he preached an eloquent sermon, '3 which had a powerful effect, on the minds of his auditors. The king and his chieftains believed in the doctrine of Christ, which they approved, and Patrick, placing his hand on the monarch's head, gave him a special blessing. ' After that, he baptized the sons of Nad- fraechj'S with many belonging to the household, and other Munster men be- sides, who were there. The Apostle left a blessing, and he predicted
prosperityforthem. Moreover,heblessedtheirstrongFortofCashel. '^
"While our Apostle was baptizing yEngus, the point of his crozier, on which Patrick was leaning, went through the king's sandle-covered foot. ^7 After-
of Ireland," book ii. lie does not mark the precise date, for that battle ; but, it is as- signed, by the Four Masters, to the year 489.
Again, St. Naol, or Natalis, of Kilmanagh, who died A. D. 564, is said to have been his
the Irish Celts," pp. 325, 326.
'"
" Acta Sanctorum Hi- bernise," xxvii. Januarii. De S. Natali
Abbate et Confessore, cap. i. , p. 169.
•° The arrival of St. Patrick, in South
According to tlie Irish Life, he said, that only one race should be there for ever ; while, the Latin Life has it, that the blood of only one person should there be shed.
In note 56, to the Third Life,
adopts an explanation, that this prophecy is not intended to apply, in reference to the Kings of Munster generally, of whom, nine or ten came to a violent death ; but, rather to the kings, descending from ^ngus alone,
son. See
Colgan's
p. 32, Colgan
Munster, is referred by Dr. LanigaTi, to the
beginning of A. D. 445, or according to
Ussher, to the year 449. But, although and being at the seat of Cashel, or, perhaps,
^ngus may have been a young prince, bap- tized at this time, it seems pretty evident, according to Dr. Lanigan, that he could not
have occupied the throne, until a period long subsequent to this arrival of the Apostle. It is more than probable, his father Natfraich was the hospitable entertainer of St. Patrick.
" See i. Kings, v. 3, 4, 5.
it referred to the posterity of ^inguss and of his brother Olild. As an additional objec- tion might arise, that no less than six princes of Munster, viz. : Ferguss Scandal, Moel- gual, Corbmac son of Culenn, Fingune son of Kinngegan, Moelforthartac, and Fergrad, belonging to the race of ^ngiiss, all perished by a violent death ; it may be re- plied, that the prophecy of St. Patrick did
" The Third Life calls it Leac Cothirge.
The latter was one of St. Patrick's names. not apply absolutel}', to the princes of
In Colgan's time, this object was a rock, called Leac-Phadruic, outside the walls of Cashel city, and greatly worn, through the effects of time. See n. 57, p. 32.
'3 The words and a summary of this dis-
IMunster, descending from ^nguss and Ailill, but only to one individual, who perished at Cashel, as the words of the pre- diction seem strictly to signify. However, the foregoing prophecy is poorly authenticated.
'7 As Aubrey De Vere, in his Poem, has it :—
"thus called to follow Him
whose feet
Were pierced with nails, haply the blisst rite
Some little pain included. "
in the Tract of Richard Stanihurst, " De Vita S. Patricii, Hiberniai
Apostoli," lib. ii. , pp. 44 to 56.
'•• According to the Third Life, cap. Ix. ,
p. 26.
's The baptism of Aongus is narrated, in
Patrick Kennedy's " Legendary Fictions of
course are
given,
March 17. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 699 wards, the saint asked, wliy he did not make that circumstance known/^
" said the heroic Because,"
" I it was a rule of the faith. " thought
king,
'* "
You shall have its rewards," '9 said Patrick,-*^
^^
for, your successors,^'
from this day forth, shall not die from wounds. "
From a Life of St. Ailbe, it has been supposed, Patrick convened a
Synod at Cashel, where it has been assumed, that the proto-missionaries of IMunster, Ailbe of Emly,^^ Declan^4 of Ardmore, Ibar of Beg-Erin,=5 and
Kieran of Saigir,^^ contended, at first, regarding their several privileges and jurisdictions. -7 At length, these matters are stated to have been satis-
^^
factorily arranged, by the respective saints, already mentioned.
they made various constitutions, for the good government of the Irish Churcli, and for the establishment of ecclesiastical discipline. "^9
After this, the saint went to Muscraidhe-Breogain,3° where he founded churches and establishments. One day, while he was washing his hands in a ford there, a tooth fell from his mouth into the water. Patrick went upon a hillock, to the north of that shallow ; and, some of his disciples began to look forthetooth. Forthwith,itglistenedintheford,liketothesun,ortoashining star ; wherefore, Ath-fiaclai was the future name of that sliallow, and Cill-fiacla, now said to be Kilfeacle,3' became the denomination of that church. There,
'^ " St. Patrick at Cashel, or the Baptism of Aengus" is one, among Aubrey De Vere's
"
'9 See John O'Daly's Kings of tlie Race of Eibher," a chronological Irish poem, by John O'Dugan, with an English translation, by Michael Kearney, a. d. 1635, pp. 15, 16, and n. 3. In Aubrey De Vere's Poem, we
(^6, The town is on Sheet 65.
-* In his Life, there is no account of Declan
having been at a Synod in Cashel.
-5 This is in the parish of St. Margaret's, in the barony of Sbelmaliere East. It is
Legends of St. Patrick," pp. 95 to 103. "
" "-'' have a forecast, that the kingly church
His Acts state, that he visited zEngus,
to be built on that "rock, higli-place of
at Cashel, on a certain occasion, but they
idols once," should
stored.
His witness till Pie cometh. ''
have no account of his being present, at a ""
stand
For aye, or wrecked, from ruin rise re-
Synod, in that place. See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum Hibernix," v. ]\Iartii, Vita S.
-°
these words
"'^
Kieran's and Ibar's
to St. Patrick, with what was said to have occurred at Cashel, between St. Patrick, Ailbe and Declan. So far as regards the appointments to Saigir and Beg-erin, Harris ought to have known, that in accounts con- cerning this matter, Kieran and Ibar are ex- hibited, as having been bishops in those
Thus is —he related to have pronounced :
Harris confounded the narrative of
" The sons of Xadfraech, of sounding fame, Of them shall be kings and chieftains ;
. ^ngus from the lands of Feimhen, And Ailill, his brother. "
We are infoimied, that twenty-eight kings, ordained with t—he crozier, according to the
Irish Tripartite or twenty-seven, tonsur—ed as Monks, according to the Latin version of the race of Ailill and of Aengus, reigned in Cashel, until the time of Cenngegan, or Kenngegan, who is otherwise known as Finghuine, King of Cashel. He was slain, A. D. 897.
places, even before St. Patrick's mission "
Chuirc, from the family of the O'Cuirc, now " These were descendants, from Aengus Quirk. This territory is now included in
and Ailill, sons of Nadfraech.
^^ The Irish Tripartite Life adds, that no
one was King of Cashel, until Patrick's
the barony of Clanwilliam, in the south- west of the county of Tipperary. See Dr. O'Donovan's "Topographical Poems of
comarb ordained him, and imposed the John O'Dubhagain and Giolla na Naomh
grade on him. O'iluidhrin," p. Ixx. , n. 609.
^^ This is now a parish, in the barony of 3' This now is a parish, in the barony of Clanwilliam, and it is shown, on the " Ord- Clanwilliam, and it is described, on the nance Survey Townland Maps for the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for tlie
County of Tipperary," Sheets 57, 58, 65, County of Tipperary," Sheets 59, 60, 67,
shown, on the
"
Ordnance Survey Town-
land Maps for the County of Wexford," Sheet 3S.
Kyrani.
^7 See Ussher's
"
PrimorJia," cap. xvii. ,
pp. 801 to 866, ct seq.
It is said,
proceedings, reiaiively
began in Ireland. See Dr. Lanigan's Ec- clesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, vi. , sect, vii. , n. 71, p. 2S7.
=9 See Harris' Ware, vol. i. , "Arch-
bishops of Armagh," pp. 20, 21.
3° It was otherwise called Muscraidhe
700 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [March 17.
Patrick left the tooth, and it was afterwards preserved as a most precious relic. Four of his people, viz. , Cuircthe,^" also called Curcneus,33 and
Loscan, Cailech, and Bedan,34 or Beoanus,35 were left there, as custodians3^ of that much-prized depository. Then, St. Patrick took leave of the Mus-
craidhepeople,andgavethemablessing. Accordingtotradition,37whilein
Ardpatrick Cluucu and Kour. d Tower, Cuuniy ui Limerick.
the south part of this country, he founded a church, or monaster)^, on the summit of a hill, afterwards called Ardpatrick ;38 and, here are the remains of a Round Tower,39 as also those of an ancient temple. The holy missionary
68. The townland proper is on Sheets 59,
3' According to the Irish Tripartite Life. 33 According to the Latin version,
34 According to the Irisli Tripartite Life. 33 According to the Latin version.
3^ Colgan labours, without any very satis- factory result, to connect their names witli certain saints, noted in the Irish Calendars.
"
church wall, and the corbels which sup- ported it still remain. From this kind of vantage point missiles, or scalding water, or melted lead, might be poured upon the heads of people, endeavouring to force the door. There is a perfect example of the bartizan, surmounting the only doorway of Jerpoint
Abbey, in the county of Kilkenny. The round tower of Ardpatrick must have been one of the finest, in Ireland, and it must have looked very grand from its highly-elevated position. It is built, in regular courses of masonry. Only about 25 or 30 feet of the
37 See Lewis'
of Ireland," vol. i. , p. 56.
Topographical Dictionary
38 This parish is in the barony of Coshlea,
and it is described, on the " Ordnance Sur-
vey Townland Maps for the County of structure remain, and the stonework is Limerick," Sheets 48, 56. The townland
proper is on the latter Sheet.
39 About fifty years ago, a great portion of the Round Tower fell. The old church
was a large, plainly-built structure, with walls of unusual thickness. Its—doorway,
Roman-looking. Close to the church, there is a very deep well, lined with stones, but now choked up, with those that have fallen.
The foregoing descriptive particulars have been furnished, by William F. Wakeman, in a letter, dated Enniskillen, October }7th, 1879. He also drew the illustration here presented, on the spot, and transferred it to the wood. It has been engraved, by George A. lianlon.
'•'='
According to the Irish Tripartite Life. *' Colgan describes it, as a mediterranean
—all there which is in the south side w
ap- pears to have been no chancel was anciently surmounted by a machicolation, or bartizan.
This contrivance was commonly, in castles,
"
It projected from the highest part of the
styled by our peasantry a
murdering hole. "
March 17. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 701
afterwards went to Aradha-Cliach,4° or Aracliach/^ a territory which com- prised the present parish of Kilteely^^ and the barony of Coonagh, in the east of Limerick County. i3 He came to a place, called Jochtar-Cuillenn, or Huachtar-chuillen, now Cullen townland and parish,''4 in the old territory of Ui-Cuannach. ''3 There, Olild, or Ailill, the son of Cathbadh, son to Lugh- aidh, belonging to the Eoghanachf*^ of Airther47-Cliach, and a chief over this part of the country, met him. For a time, that Dynast resisted the grace of God, which worked through the preaching and merits of St. Patrick. But, a great family affliction befell him, and this was the means of effecting his con- version. His wife went to the hillock, where the clerics were, one day, and she cried aloud in a distracted manner, that the swine had torn in pieces and haddevouredhersonAilill,whowasgreatlybelov—edbyhisparents. Soonthe
with humble and subdued for he was overcome with mien,
"
I will believe, if you resuscitate my son. " Therefore, the holy Patrick commanded the boy's bones to be collected, and then he directed a Cele-De'-*^ of his people, who was called Malach,'t9 or IMalachias,5° Britt,5' to resuscitate him. But this disciple, who
was " I will not offend the Lord veryhumble,said,
father— appeared,
grief, and Ailill said to St. Patrick,
he was seized with a doubt, that the Almighty would effect a miracle, through so unworthy an instru-
"Thatis
said, pitiful,
OMalach thyhouseonearth ;
ment. Patrickthen
shall not be high, and it shall be a small one ;
of one man. " His house was in the north-eastern angle^^ of the southern Deise, and its name was Cill-Malaich,53 so called after the founder. Five persons could never be supported there, according to the Irish Tripartite Life ; while the Latin version has it, that the land attaching to the place was so scant, as scarcely to serve for the feeding of five cows. Afterwards, St. Patrick commanded Bishops Ibar^^ and Ailbhe,53 to resuscitate the boy. The
region of Munster, and near to the city of equivalent Cele-De, which Colgan, as Rev. Limerick, towards the east. Dr. Reeves observes, incorrectly rendered ^ It is situated, partly within the barony in Latin, by ctiidain advemc, instead of
monac oxservoDei. See "Onthe ho, Essay,
Celi-de, commonly called Culdees," by Rev. Dr. Reeves, in "Transactions of the Royal
Irish Academy," vol. xxiv. , pp. 121, 122.
^' So is he called, in the Irish Tripartite
Lives.
so fhus is he named, by Jocelyn. His identity does not appear to have been deter- mined.
si This word that he was a native signifies,
of Britain.
52 So states the Irish Tripartite Life ;
while the Latin Life has " in orientali it,
limite. "
S3 Several places, bearing this name, are in
Limerick; and,therearethreeKilmaloges, in the south of Tipperary. This appears to
be Kilmaloo, in the parish of Kinsalebeg, in the south of the barony of Decies- Within-
Drom, county of Waterford, according to a
"
Life of St. Patrick. " This district was marked, as we are told, on old maps, as South Decies. It is said to be within the diocese of Lis- more. However, South Deise was situated
in the county of Limerick,
^4 fjis feast occurs, at the 23rd of April, ^5 His festival is held, on the 12th of
September,
s<5 it is that as St. Patrick conse- thought,
of and within that of
Smallcounty, partly
Coonagh. It is defined, on the Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Limerick," Sheets 23, 24, 32, 33,
•3 According to Dr. O'Donovan, in "The Topographical Poems of John O'Dubhagain and Giolla na Naomh O'lluidhrin," n. 755, pp. Ixxxiii. , Ixxxiv. Ui-Cuanach seems formerly to have included Crota Cliach, now the Galtee in the of
Tipperary. It was only a portion of Ara Cliach.
^^ These lie in the of
barony Clanwilliam,
and it is shown, on the " Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Tip- perary," Sheet 58.
*^ Now the barony of Coonagh.
*^
Tlie descendants of Eoghain Mor, son to OilioU Olum, who flourished in the second century of the Christian era, were called Eoghanachts, by the Irish genea-
Mountains, county
See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , n. (b), p. 109.
^' This signifies, in English, "east," or " eastern. "
^* This name Cele-De was equivalent to the special designation servus Dei, conferred on those, in the early Church, who adopted the practices of the monastic life. This is
the earliest known of the Irish application
legists.
"
;" for,
thy house shall only be the house
note, 6, p. 468, in Miss Cusack's
702 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
