395 duke: 8% To": nip-VOW;
wanfliSew
0669, and Perscw 742
a'u\/\' 31m: mrelien 119 411516;, x6: 966s wvwirr-re-rm, and Eur.
a'u\/\' 31m: mrelien 119 411516;, x6: 966s wvwirr-re-rm, and Eur.
Demosthenese - First Philippic and the Olynthiacs
326, 20 ?
91, and of many in 14 ?
36,
24 ? ? 64, 80, 81, etc. It sometimes serves to prevent either
hiatus or the accumulation of short syllables.
191. Kwei'rm, 'are in motion,' 'are set stirring'; mve'iv
verbum median-um de omm' cause comma mutante 'vcl interim
'vcl cwlema (Voemel ed. 1829). pfiYpa, 'a rupture';
pfi'y/La ,ue'v ol la-rpol ? amv dwelou 'rwos [3555111, olov Mesa; '5
dpmplas (sch01. ) Hippocrates vi 184 describes fifi'yha'ra 763v
(phefidw Kat T6511 o'apKGW as arising from excessive eil'ort, adding
'roih'wv 1d. new wapalrrlxa. e? 'Kd'qM. (cp. l. 196) 'ylvercu, 'rd. 6'
iio'Tepov Xpe? wp dra? alve1~ai. o'rpe? ppa, 'sprain'; dpfipou
rapdflamv (801101. )
For the general sense cp. 18 5 198 flpdrru-ai n 11311 imiv 8oxoiimv
a-umtipew' aztwvos Ataxiwis- ivrc'xpouac' 1'; . . - ndpsc-rw Aivxivm- dimrlp
lip 15. fifi'ypara. um). 76. a'rrdvna-ra. ('cramp'), ii-rav n muwv 'rb mime
aifln, 107s KlVIZTfll.
rd Brougham (Works vii 187 criticises the simile in the text as
followsz--'Although the bitter escription of Philip's vices, and the
pmfligacy of his court, which immediately precedes this simile, is intro-
duced [by Demosthenes] partly to prove the weakness of his dynasty, and
encourage the Athenians with the hope that its days are numbered, yet
the digression . . runs away with him, and the simile is applied not to the
weakness of Philip, the principal point in discussion, but to the vices,
which form the subject of the episode. ' In commenting on the parallel
passage above quoted, Brougham observes that ' besides the great improve-
ment in the diction and in the more perfect application, it is remarkable
how much more bold the simile is here [in 18 5 198] . . There [2 5 21], it
was less adventurously used to illustrate the breaking-out of evils, weak-
nesses, or vices to the public view, on any reverse, or general blow befalling
the state or the individual ; here, it is really used in a very strong sense;
for the meaning is that Aeschines himself resembles a disease of the state,
and breaks out when once general misfortune or malady seizes the body
politic' (ib. p. 23)
Kflv . . (re-9pr 1'], '(whether there be . . ) or any other
part of the system be unsound' ; [11] ? 14 K8. " . . '1') pi; 'rsMws
i'ryiswe? v, Plato Laws 736 E 111171-17: a'afipe? is 06:11]: 1? ): ,uerafida'sws,
Euthyphrmt 5 C 6111 aafipe? s e'an.
195. hranv--irvp-lrhaxfi: a metaphor from wrestling;
'when once they are entangled in a frontier war'; 'the tug
of a frontier war betrays all' (K. ), or (better) 'the close
grapqu of a frontier war brings all their defects to light'
(HM Vilkins). 9 ? 51 (of a war in Attica) cruerhaxe? was
5ia7wvl? 606al, Aeschin. 2 ? 153 o'vmre? rhs'y/Lal . . dvfipofi'np
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 176 SECOND 0L YNTHIAO 11 ? 21--23
761,11, Tac. Agr. 36 complcxum armorum. c'uparhaufi--
Infi'qhaz a cretic tetrameter catalectic.
196. a. qu : not found elsewhere in Demosthenes ; cp.
Hippocr. quoted on 1. 191. ? avepd is used instead in [11] ? 14.
? 22 l. 198. rain-u, 'in this respect. ' ? oflepbv 1rporr-
wohepfic'at: Goodwin 111T. ? 763.
200. peye? hq--npdypu'ru: 5 ? 11, 23 ? 113, Aesehin. 2
? 131 (16x17) '0 rill-raw e? o'rl Kupia, Plato Laws 709 B 7'an5 Ell/(1L
o'xeoov liraqu 1d zivflpcbmvo. rpd'y/La-ra, Anon. ap. Plut. de
Forluna 97 0 film 'rd. Grim-Cw rpd'yaa-r', 00x efiflouhla, Alciphron
iii 44 p. 372 1'1 Trix'q 'ydp rape. mil/1' e? o'Tl 1a TCW dvfipa'nrwv
rpdyaara, Nicostr. ap. Athen. 693 A 16x17 111. Own-rah! rpd'yya'r',
Livy ix 17, Cic. de 0f. ii 19. pearl], 'preponderance';
metaphor from the turn of the balance; cp. 1 ? 10 dwippmrov.
1'6 Khov: 8 ? 76, 18 ? 272 el pxi] 'ro 8AM, ,ue? pos 76, Plato
Mano 79 C ripe-hi e? o'n To (Mow, Polyb. v 25, 5 To 5' Mow cu'rrofs
fiv Kal Tb mill 'Archhfis. Cp. 18 ? 43 min" e? KsIvos 1'71! allToTs.
8hov is inadequately defended by 25 ? 82 afiMov 6' iion Err-r' imivota
('utter infatuation') 1', 706101: "oh-rein, 36 ? 33 and 45 ? 29 nxe? ana. lion
('a thorough fiction'), Xen. Hell. v 3, 7 iion dpe? pmaa ('un utter blunder').
201. wapii. 1rdvr(a): 21 ? 101.
203. Ehofipuqv . . fl: without ,ue? lMov, which is implied in
alpe'iafiau 21 ? 26 'ris 6v e? 're? pcw elhero Tl/prldll 4) 7%)" ? 1: 'roi;
v6,u. ov ; '
204. ai'rre? 'w: emphatic. no! Kurd. purpe? v, 'even in a
moderate degree,' 'even to a slight extent' ; 19 ? 168, Isocr. 3
? 10 rolls he? 'your 1069 m1! Ka'rd. ,uucpov 57,145. ; o'nfishei'v ovva/le? vovs.
205. ddroppds: lit. ' starting - points ' ; hence ' causes,'
'occasions,' or 'original resources'; here 'primary claims. '
Cp. note on 1 ? 23 l. 214, also [11] ? 16, and for the general
sense Thuc. v 104.
206. 'rfiv Tupi. 'rfiw 9:6"! divouw: 1 ? 10 'rfis 1rap' e'xelvwv
6171101319.
207. ivm'm'as, ' available ' ; 6 ? 12 'rpL-ripcrs flair e? voe? a'as
(06cm: 8).
? 231. 207. 01pm, like laws in 1 ? 23, tones down the harsh-
ness of the statement. weapon); ? 24, 4 ? 9.
208. m'rrbv dpyoi'wflah sc. 'rwd: 15 ? 25 {0'1" d-rorov 1repl
1:311 (Smalwv l'z/u'is olddo'Kew all-rev or} Elmira rolofivra.
Aesch. Frag.
395 duke: 8% To": nip-VOW; wanfliSew 0669, and Perscw 742
a'u\/\' 31m: mrelien 119 411516;, x6: 966s wvwirr-re-rm, and Eur. Frag. 432 m'ne? c
n viiv 5pmv 111-a Salaam; (81. foil; 0min) KdAu' n; yap rovoBv-n. xu': an);
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? II ? 23, 24 SECOND 0L YNTHIAC' 177
o'vMaanvu, Xen. Mam. ii 1, 20, Aesop's fable of ' Hercules and the Carter'
(31 Hahn) 7616 To": 9a? ) 211x011, iirav Kai/1'69 'n. WDLfiC, Sallust Cat. 52 ? 29
ubi socordiae te atque 'ignaviue tradideris, mquidquam deos implores, ' Heaven
helps those that help themselves,' 'Help yourself and your friends will
help you. '
209. pfi 'rC ye, after negative, ' much less,' nedmn; 19 ? 137,
21 ? 148, 22 ? ? 45, 53; 24 ? 165; after positive, 'much more,'
8 ? 27, 54 ? 17 [mi Ti (GHScheefer, Bless, 811. Mss) 76 615.
210. Baupuo'fov . . el: ll. 215, 217 ; cp. 4 ? 43 0mm. de
. ei, Goodwin MT. ? 494.
211. MY 8. 10. 01, ' on all occasions. '
212. e? ipav, 'season'; 4 ? 31, 8 ? 17, 9 ? 50.
213. \lnldngopivwv: 3 ? 14. mveuvope? vwv: 4 ? 10.
214. arepwtyve'rm, 'gets the better of' us from time to time.
215. ei. . . wepufipev: of continuous action, 'if we were ever
holding our own' ; Goodwin MT. ? 496.
? 24 l. 217. {Keivo eaupe? gw, ei. (cp. 11. 210, 215) Ann. piv
. (223) wvl. 3' 6Kvei'r(e): it is in the second clause that the
ground of the orator's wonder is expressed. He is surprised
at the incmw'istency between the past and the present attitude
of Athens. In translating we may make the first clause
subordinate, beginning with 'while,' or we may introduce the
second with 'aud yet. '
219. ianp--Smatmv, 'for the rights of Greece'; 6 ? 10 'rd.
Kan/d, 51mm). 1131' 'Ehhfivwv. See note on 4 ? 3 (l'l'lre? p 763v dtxatwv)
---1rb)\e/. Lov, l. 26. riv'rfipwre: 6 ? 5 ; dquNpe'fN' dyfav-
la'maflm (Bekk. Anced. )
220. oI'm fiOehfiu-a-re after (218) el = 61:. Similarly in Lys.
13 ? 82 011K el'a after cl = 1r6-repov, ib. 30 ? 32 (sen/or . . 501:6?
elmu . . sl . . 00K e? rexelpno'av. Cp. Cope on Aristot. Rhet. i
15, 23 Appendix C.
221. tv(a. ) . . nixmn: after the Iinperf. we should (accord-
ing to the usual rule) have expected 'riixozev. Both moods are
combined in 23 ? 93 and [49] ? ? 14, 81.
In the genuine speeches of Demosthenes 1110. after secondm'y tenses is
followed 14 times by Subj. Pres. , 20 times by Subj. Aor. , and once by
both in the same sentence; also 13 times by Opt. Pres. , 18 times by Opt.
Aor. , and 5 times by both, so that in Demosthenes the Subj. is more
frequent than the Opt. (Weber's Absichtssiitze ii pp. 33 f). Even if we
inclu)de final clauses after an", the total for Subj. is 38, for Opt. 37 (ib.
p. 36 .
223. rpoextvfiuvee? e're, 'you used to bear the brunt of peril ' ;
18 ? 208, Thuc. i 73. 6Kvei-r' e? gte? vm. contrasted
N
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 178 SECOND 0L YNTHIA C II ? ? 24--26
with wposxzvfiwezicrs, and PM", siw? e? pew with ela? e? powesz
chiasmus.
225. o'eo-dma'rs Mk: Isocr. Ep. 2 (Philip) ? 19 (Athens)
,ulav e? Kdu'T-rlv 'rt'bv we? hewv Kal aby-rrao'av 'r'hv 'Ehhdfia rohthLs' #517
o'e? o'wxev.
226. nohhmims refers not only to wdvras (in allusion to the
Persian \vars) but also in a still higher degree to me' Ev' "in-63v
{v pe? pu (e. g. Euboea 1 ? 8, 18 ? 99 ; Thebes and Sparta 16 ? 14,
23 ? 191). aim-61v : Gen. after Kae' gv' =? Kaa"rov, cp. 4 ? 20.
6v pe? peu, 'in turn' ; Aeschin. 2 ? 41, 3 ? 4, Isocr. 4 ? ? 96,
164.
227. Ke? e'llfl'eit ? 23.
? 251. 227. ruira: expressed by Sing.
24 ? ? 64, 80, 81, etc. It sometimes serves to prevent either
hiatus or the accumulation of short syllables.
191. Kwei'rm, 'are in motion,' 'are set stirring'; mve'iv
verbum median-um de omm' cause comma mutante 'vcl interim
'vcl cwlema (Voemel ed. 1829). pfiYpa, 'a rupture';
pfi'y/La ,ue'v ol la-rpol ? amv dwelou 'rwos [3555111, olov Mesa; '5
dpmplas (sch01. ) Hippocrates vi 184 describes fifi'yha'ra 763v
(phefidw Kat T6511 o'apKGW as arising from excessive eil'ort, adding
'roih'wv 1d. new wapalrrlxa. e? 'Kd'qM. (cp. l. 196) 'ylvercu, 'rd. 6'
iio'Tepov Xpe? wp dra? alve1~ai. o'rpe? ppa, 'sprain'; dpfipou
rapdflamv (801101. )
For the general sense cp. 18 5 198 flpdrru-ai n 11311 imiv 8oxoiimv
a-umtipew' aztwvos Ataxiwis- ivrc'xpouac' 1'; . . - ndpsc-rw Aivxivm- dimrlp
lip 15. fifi'ypara. um). 76. a'rrdvna-ra. ('cramp'), ii-rav n muwv 'rb mime
aifln, 107s KlVIZTfll.
rd Brougham (Works vii 187 criticises the simile in the text as
followsz--'Although the bitter escription of Philip's vices, and the
pmfligacy of his court, which immediately precedes this simile, is intro-
duced [by Demosthenes] partly to prove the weakness of his dynasty, and
encourage the Athenians with the hope that its days are numbered, yet
the digression . . runs away with him, and the simile is applied not to the
weakness of Philip, the principal point in discussion, but to the vices,
which form the subject of the episode. ' In commenting on the parallel
passage above quoted, Brougham observes that ' besides the great improve-
ment in the diction and in the more perfect application, it is remarkable
how much more bold the simile is here [in 18 5 198] . . There [2 5 21], it
was less adventurously used to illustrate the breaking-out of evils, weak-
nesses, or vices to the public view, on any reverse, or general blow befalling
the state or the individual ; here, it is really used in a very strong sense;
for the meaning is that Aeschines himself resembles a disease of the state,
and breaks out when once general misfortune or malady seizes the body
politic' (ib. p. 23)
Kflv . . (re-9pr 1'], '(whether there be . . ) or any other
part of the system be unsound' ; [11] ? 14 K8. " . . '1') pi; 'rsMws
i'ryiswe? v, Plato Laws 736 E 111171-17: a'afipe? is 06:11]: 1? ): ,uerafida'sws,
Euthyphrmt 5 C 6111 aafipe? s e'an.
195. hranv--irvp-lrhaxfi: a metaphor from wrestling;
'when once they are entangled in a frontier war'; 'the tug
of a frontier war betrays all' (K. ), or (better) 'the close
grapqu of a frontier war brings all their defects to light'
(HM Vilkins). 9 ? 51 (of a war in Attica) cruerhaxe? was
5ia7wvl? 606al, Aeschin. 2 ? 153 o'vmre? rhs'y/Lal . . dvfipofi'np
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 176 SECOND 0L YNTHIAO 11 ? 21--23
761,11, Tac. Agr. 36 complcxum armorum. c'uparhaufi--
Infi'qhaz a cretic tetrameter catalectic.
196. a. qu : not found elsewhere in Demosthenes ; cp.
Hippocr. quoted on 1. 191. ? avepd is used instead in [11] ? 14.
? 22 l. 198. rain-u, 'in this respect. ' ? oflepbv 1rporr-
wohepfic'at: Goodwin 111T. ? 763.
200. peye? hq--npdypu'ru: 5 ? 11, 23 ? 113, Aesehin. 2
? 131 (16x17) '0 rill-raw e? o'rl Kupia, Plato Laws 709 B 7'an5 Ell/(1L
o'xeoov liraqu 1d zivflpcbmvo. rpd'y/La-ra, Anon. ap. Plut. de
Forluna 97 0 film 'rd. Grim-Cw rpd'yaa-r', 00x efiflouhla, Alciphron
iii 44 p. 372 1'1 Trix'q 'ydp rape. mil/1' e? o'Tl 1a TCW dvfipa'nrwv
rpdyaara, Nicostr. ap. Athen. 693 A 16x17 111. Own-rah! rpd'yya'r',
Livy ix 17, Cic. de 0f. ii 19. pearl], 'preponderance';
metaphor from the turn of the balance; cp. 1 ? 10 dwippmrov.
1'6 Khov: 8 ? 76, 18 ? 272 el pxi] 'ro 8AM, ,ue? pos 76, Plato
Mano 79 C ripe-hi e? o'n To (Mow, Polyb. v 25, 5 To 5' Mow cu'rrofs
fiv Kal Tb mill 'Archhfis. Cp. 18 ? 43 min" e? KsIvos 1'71! allToTs.
8hov is inadequately defended by 25 ? 82 afiMov 6' iion Err-r' imivota
('utter infatuation') 1', 706101: "oh-rein, 36 ? 33 and 45 ? 29 nxe? ana. lion
('a thorough fiction'), Xen. Hell. v 3, 7 iion dpe? pmaa ('un utter blunder').
201. wapii. 1rdvr(a): 21 ? 101.
203. Ehofipuqv . . fl: without ,ue? lMov, which is implied in
alpe'iafiau 21 ? 26 'ris 6v e? 're? pcw elhero Tl/prldll 4) 7%)" ? 1: 'roi;
v6,u. ov ; '
204. ai'rre? 'w: emphatic. no! Kurd. purpe? v, 'even in a
moderate degree,' 'even to a slight extent' ; 19 ? 168, Isocr. 3
? 10 rolls he? 'your 1069 m1! Ka'rd. ,uucpov 57,145. ; o'nfishei'v ovva/le? vovs.
205. ddroppds: lit. ' starting - points ' ; hence ' causes,'
'occasions,' or 'original resources'; here 'primary claims. '
Cp. note on 1 ? 23 l. 214, also [11] ? 16, and for the general
sense Thuc. v 104.
206. 'rfiv Tupi. 'rfiw 9:6"! divouw: 1 ? 10 'rfis 1rap' e'xelvwv
6171101319.
207. ivm'm'as, ' available ' ; 6 ? 12 'rpL-ripcrs flair e? voe? a'as
(06cm: 8).
? 231. 207. 01pm, like laws in 1 ? 23, tones down the harsh-
ness of the statement. weapon); ? 24, 4 ? 9.
208. m'rrbv dpyoi'wflah sc. 'rwd: 15 ? 25 {0'1" d-rorov 1repl
1:311 (Smalwv l'z/u'is olddo'Kew all-rev or} Elmira rolofivra.
Aesch. Frag.
395 duke: 8% To": nip-VOW; wanfliSew 0669, and Perscw 742
a'u\/\' 31m: mrelien 119 411516;, x6: 966s wvwirr-re-rm, and Eur. Frag. 432 m'ne? c
n viiv 5pmv 111-a Salaam; (81. foil; 0min) KdAu' n; yap rovoBv-n. xu': an);
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? II ? 23, 24 SECOND 0L YNTHIAC' 177
o'vMaanvu, Xen. Mam. ii 1, 20, Aesop's fable of ' Hercules and the Carter'
(31 Hahn) 7616 To": 9a? ) 211x011, iirav Kai/1'69 'n. WDLfiC, Sallust Cat. 52 ? 29
ubi socordiae te atque 'ignaviue tradideris, mquidquam deos implores, ' Heaven
helps those that help themselves,' 'Help yourself and your friends will
help you. '
209. pfi 'rC ye, after negative, ' much less,' nedmn; 19 ? 137,
21 ? 148, 22 ? ? 45, 53; 24 ? 165; after positive, 'much more,'
8 ? 27, 54 ? 17 [mi Ti (GHScheefer, Bless, 811. Mss) 76 615.
210. Baupuo'fov . . el: ll. 215, 217 ; cp. 4 ? 43 0mm. de
. ei, Goodwin MT. ? 494.
211. MY 8. 10. 01, ' on all occasions. '
212. e? ipav, 'season'; 4 ? 31, 8 ? 17, 9 ? 50.
213. \lnldngopivwv: 3 ? 14. mveuvope? vwv: 4 ? 10.
214. arepwtyve'rm, 'gets the better of' us from time to time.
215. ei. . . wepufipev: of continuous action, 'if we were ever
holding our own' ; Goodwin MT. ? 496.
? 24 l. 217. {Keivo eaupe? gw, ei. (cp. 11. 210, 215) Ann. piv
. (223) wvl. 3' 6Kvei'r(e): it is in the second clause that the
ground of the orator's wonder is expressed. He is surprised
at the incmw'istency between the past and the present attitude
of Athens. In translating we may make the first clause
subordinate, beginning with 'while,' or we may introduce the
second with 'aud yet. '
219. ianp--Smatmv, 'for the rights of Greece'; 6 ? 10 'rd.
Kan/d, 51mm). 1131' 'Ehhfivwv. See note on 4 ? 3 (l'l'lre? p 763v dtxatwv)
---1rb)\e/. Lov, l. 26. riv'rfipwre: 6 ? 5 ; dquNpe'fN' dyfav-
la'maflm (Bekk. Anced. )
220. oI'm fiOehfiu-a-re after (218) el = 61:. Similarly in Lys.
13 ? 82 011K el'a after cl = 1r6-repov, ib. 30 ? 32 (sen/or . . 501:6?
elmu . . sl . . 00K e? rexelpno'av. Cp. Cope on Aristot. Rhet. i
15, 23 Appendix C.
221. tv(a. ) . . nixmn: after the Iinperf. we should (accord-
ing to the usual rule) have expected 'riixozev. Both moods are
combined in 23 ? 93 and [49] ? ? 14, 81.
In the genuine speeches of Demosthenes 1110. after secondm'y tenses is
followed 14 times by Subj. Pres. , 20 times by Subj. Aor. , and once by
both in the same sentence; also 13 times by Opt. Pres. , 18 times by Opt.
Aor. , and 5 times by both, so that in Demosthenes the Subj. is more
frequent than the Opt. (Weber's Absichtssiitze ii pp. 33 f). Even if we
inclu)de final clauses after an", the total for Subj. is 38, for Opt. 37 (ib.
p. 36 .
223. rpoextvfiuvee? e're, 'you used to bear the brunt of peril ' ;
18 ? 208, Thuc. i 73. 6Kvei-r' e? gte? vm. contrasted
N
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 178 SECOND 0L YNTHIA C II ? ? 24--26
with wposxzvfiwezicrs, and PM", siw? e? pew with ela? e? powesz
chiasmus.
225. o'eo-dma'rs Mk: Isocr. Ep. 2 (Philip) ? 19 (Athens)
,ulav e? Kdu'T-rlv 'rt'bv we? hewv Kal aby-rrao'av 'r'hv 'Ehhdfia rohthLs' #517
o'e? o'wxev.
226. nohhmims refers not only to wdvras (in allusion to the
Persian \vars) but also in a still higher degree to me' Ev' "in-63v
{v pe? pu (e. g. Euboea 1 ? 8, 18 ? 99 ; Thebes and Sparta 16 ? 14,
23 ? 191). aim-61v : Gen. after Kae' gv' =? Kaa"rov, cp. 4 ? 20.
6v pe? peu, 'in turn' ; Aeschin. 2 ? 41, 3 ? 4, Isocr. 4 ? ? 96,
164.
227. Ke? e'llfl'eit ? 23.
? 251. 227. ruira: expressed by Sing.
