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14. 1, 204; and Apollo 99, 192; chthonian features 12; and Deloptes 176
Asvins 189
Athamas 16, 188
Athena 9, 10, 36, 41-56, 44 fig. 4. 2,
108, 121, 125, 156, 179; Agoraia 55; and Aiginetan cults 170, 178, 181; Alalkomenei? s 50, 54; Alea 52-3, 56; Amboulia 55; Areia 157; and Ares 157; Axiopoinos 53; Boulaia 55; Chalkioikos 53; Ergane 45; and Hephaistos 159, 160; Hippia 55; Hygieia 194; Itonia 50, 55; Keleuthia 53; Lindia 54-5; Nike 44; and Palladion 48, 50, 200; Pallas 30, 48; Pallenis 47; Parthenos 43 fig. 4. 1, 91;
Phratria 21, 55; polemadokos 50; Polias 12, 19, 42, 47, 49, 50, 54, 55; Poliouchos 50, 53, 63; and Poseidon 55, 66, 67, 68, 199; Skiras 47; Soteira 20; Tritogeneia 50; Xenia 55; and Zeus 3, 19, 21, 55
Attis 24, 171
Autonoe? 137
Auxesia see Damia and Auxesia Auxo 163; see also Charites Axieros see Megaloi Theoi Axiokersa see Megaloi Theoi Axiokersos see Megaloi Theoi Azesia see Damia and Auxesia
Baal 15
Bakchos see Dionysos
Bellerophon 55
Bendis 176-7, 176 fig 13. 2, 182; as
Parthenos 176
Bes 164, 187
Biton see Kleobis and Biton Branchos 96
Britomarpis see Britomartis Britomartis 177-8
Centaurs 16, 38 fig 3. 2, 99
Charites 162-3; and Aphrodite 162; and
Apollo 92, 162; and Dionysos 140;
and Hermes 163
Cheiron 16
Chryses 88
chthoniai theai 81; see also Demeter,
Kore, Persephone
Daidalos 177, 204
Daktyloi 159, 187
Damia and Auxesia 170, 180-1 Danaids 54, 64; see also Amymone Danaos 54
Deima 35
Deloptes 176 fig. 13. 2
Demeter 11, 36, 69-85,140, 179; Chloe?
72; Chthonia 78-9; and Damia and Auxesia 180; as Deo 80; and Despoina 66-7; and Eleusinian Mysteries 73-6; Erinys 66, 80, 167; Lousia 80; Malophoros 83, 187; and Megaloi Theoi 174; Melaina 80; and Meter 171; and Oedipus 203; and Persephone/Kore 11, 36, 66, 69-83, 77 fig 6. 1; and Poseidon 3, 57, 58-9,
277
INDEX OF DIVINE, HEROIC, AND MYTHIC FIGURES
63-4, 66-7, 68; and Zeus 15; see also Erinys, Hagnai Theai, Kore, Megalai Theai, Persephone
Demophon 48
Deo see Demeter
Despoina 67, 79-81; see also Kore,
Persephone
Dike 23, 179
Diktynna 170, 177-8
Diomedes 48, 61
Dione 26
Dionysos 68, 98, 126-43, 134 fig. 10. 1,
136 fig. 10. 2, 152, 185, 194; and Anios 201; and Apollo 137-8; and Artemis 104, 113; Bakcheios 141; Bakcheus 129; Bakchos 75; as bull 139-40; chthonian 126, 141; ecstatic worship of 126-8, 135-41; Eleuthereus 129, 132, 141; and herms 117, 147; as Iakchos 75; and Ino/ Leukothea 188; and Kabiroi 173; Kadmeios 140; Lysios 141-2; Meilichios 129; mysteries of 141-2; and nymphs 153; Omadios 137; Omestes 137; and phallos 117, 129-30, 132-3, 147, 212n9
Dioskouroi 53, 186, 189-92; as Anak(t)es 189, 192; as Tyndaridai 189-91
Dirke 200
Diwa 15
Dog-Star see Sirius Dumuzi 24, 124
Earth see Ge
Eileithyia 152, 163-5, 169; and Artemis
107; as Eleusia 164; as Eleuthia 163,
164
Eirene 179
Elai? s see Anios, daughters of
Eleusia see Eileithyia
Eleutheros, daughters of 127
Eleuthia see Eileithyia
Enyalios 156-7, 190; and Artemis 102;
see also Ares
Enyo 157
Eos 206
Epeios 149
Erechtheus 73, 199; and Athena 42,
67, 159, 181; and Poseidon 42, 67,
145
Erichthonios 46, 55
Erigone 133
Erinyes 80, 167-8, 169; and Oedipus
168, 202, 203; and Orestes, 168; see
also Eumenides, Semnai Theai Erinys 65, 167; see also Demeter
Eros 162, 164; and Aphrodite 46, 117,
122
Eteokles 162
Euboia (nymph) 31
Eubouleus 70, 75, 76
Eudoros 145
Eumaios 147
Eumenides 11, 167-8, 20; see also
Erinyes, Semnai Theai Eumolpos 67, 73
Eunomia 179
Euphrosyne 162; see also Charites Eurystheus 33
Euthymos 203 Evander 145
Gaia see Ge
Ge 93, 141, 157-8, 179; and Meter 171;
oracles of 93, 157; and Zeus 15,
157-8
Geryon 186
Glauke 34
Gorgo 113
gorgons 44, 50, 89, 90, 105; see also
Medousa
Great Goddess see Kybele, Lemnos Great Goddesses see Demeter, Kore,
Persephone
Hades 50, 142; and Dionysos 141; Klymenos 78-9; and Kore/Persephone 69, 70, 81; and Megaloi Theoi 174
Hagnai Theai 70; see also Demeter, Kore, Persephone
Haliai 139
Harmonia 119, 156
Hebe 31, 184
Hegemone 163; see also Charites Hekate 77 fig. 6. 1, 156, 165-7, 169;
and Achilles 206; birth of 179-80, 192; Chthonia 167; and Demeter 83; and Dioskouroi 189, 191-2; hekataia 146, 166; Helen 54; and Menelaos 190-1, 198; and Theseus 125, 207
Heliadai 54, 158
Helios 54, 67, 158-9, 166 Helle 16
278
INDEX OF DIVINE, HEROIC, AND MYTHIC FIGURES
Hephaistos 156, 159-60, 160 fig. 12. 1, 169; and Aphrodite 115; and Athena 45; on Lemnos 174; return of 127
Hera 9, 29-40, 38 fig. 3. 2, 64, 78, 98, 101, 109, 198, 214n10; Akraia 34-5; Argeia 30-1; and Athena 125; Chera 40; as civic goddess 29, 30-5, 81, 88; and Eileithyia 163-4; and Herakles 29, 37, 183, 184; Lakinia 37-8; Leukolene 34; Limenia 34; Nympheuomene 39; Pais 40; and Persephone 83; and Proitids 217n28; Teleia 38-9, 40; as temple deity 8, 30-31, 35-6; 96; and Themis 179; and Zeus 27, 29, 35-6, 39-40
Herakles 79, 97, 162, 178, 183-7, 191, 195, 198, 200; Alexikakos 185; as ancestor 21, 186; and Athena 53, 54; chthonian status of 12, 183-4; as Dorian hero 20-21, 53, 186-7, 189, 207; as founder 27, 186-7, 206; and gymnasia 147, 183, 184; and Hera 29, 37, 183, 184; Idaian 187; Kallinikos 185; and Melqart 187; Thasios 185-6
Herakles, sons of see Alkaidai Hermes 8, 36, 75, 154 fig. 11. 2, 155,
183; Agonios 147; Agoraios 146; Aipytos 145; Akakesios 145; as ancestor 145, 148, 149; and Aphrodite 84, 148, 215n9 (see also Aphrodite); and Charites 163; Chthonios 131, 167; and Dionysos 147; Enagonios 147; and Herakles 147; and Hestia 3, 161-2, 169; and Kabiroi 173; Kedrites 148; Kranaios 217n10; Kriophoros 148; Kyllenios 144; and Megaloi Theoi 174; and nymphs 145, 152, 158 (see also nymphs); and Pan 145, 147 (see also Pan); Perpheraios 149; Phales 147; Promachos 148; as psuchopompos 149; Tychon 145
Hestia 1, 156, 160-2, 179; relations with Hermes 3, 161-2, 169
Hilaeira see Leukippos, daughters of Hippodameia 36,
Hippokoo? n 53, 186
Hippolytos 123-4
Hippothoo? n 200 Horai 36, 163, 179 Humbaba 105
Hyakinthos 67, 91, 197, 198
Hyblaia 81
Hygieia 20, 75, 192, 193, 193 fig. 14. 1,
195
Hyperboreans 92, 113, 138, 164 Hyperoche 113; see also Hyperboreans
Iakchos 75, 135; see also Dionysos Ikarios 133
Inachos 152
Inanna 24
Ino-Leukothea 60, 187-8 Iodama 50
Iolaos 183, 184, 185, 187 Ion 92, 97
Iphigeneia 104-5, 107, 113, 166, 197; and Achilles 206
Iphikles 183
Iphinoe? 139
Iris 164
Irra 86, 88
Ishtar 41; and Aphrodite 114, 116, 120;
and Tammuz 24, 124 Isis 24
Jason 29, 34, 37; see also Argonauts
Kabeiro 174
Kabeiroi 172-4, 173 fig. 13. 1, 182 Kabiroi see Kabeiroi
Kabiros 173
Kadmos 119, 156; and alphabet 98;
daughters of 127, 137, 140, 188 Kamillos 174; see also Megaloi Theoi Karnos 91
Kasmilos 174; see also Megaloi Theoi Kassandra 51, 87, 198
Kastor see Dioskouroi
Kekrops 45, 46, 199
Kephisos 152, 162
Kerberos 79
Kinyras 115
Kleobis and Biton 189
Kleomedes 203
Klymenos see Hades
Kopreus 65
Kore 36, 69-79, 77 fig 6. 1, 81, 82, 141,
180; as bride 69, 81; rape of 70, 71; and Despoina 66, 79, 80; see also Persephone
Korybantes 171, 172 Kouretes 24, 25, 171, 172
279
INDEX OF DIVINE, HEROIC, AND MYTHIC FIGURES
Kourotrophos 47
Kronos 24, 25, 27, 66, 164
Kybele 24, 170-1, 182; and Artemis
109; and Dionysos 126; and Pan 152;
and Rhea 166; see also Meter Kyklopes 159
Lamia 35
Laodike 113; see also Hyperboreans Lapiths 99
Leda 180
Lemnos 174
Leto 88, 89 fig. 7. 2, 90, 92, 97, 112,
152; travail of 164
Leukippos, daughters of 190 Leukothea see Ino-Leukothea Lykaon 18
Lykourgos 139, 186 (Spartan); 188
(Thracian)
Machaon 192
Maleatas 99; see also Apollo Maniai 168
Marduk 15
Matar Kubileya see Kybele
Medeia 34-5, 175
Medousa 66, 80
Megalai Theai 70; see also Demeter,
Kore, Persephone
Megale Theos see Lemnos
Megaloi Theoi 172, 174
Megara 184
Melampous 129, 139, 142 Melikertes-Palaimon 60, 68, 188 Melqart 185, 187
Memnon 206
Menelaos 68, 199, 200; and Helen 191,
198
Meter 74, 152, 170-1; see also Kybele Minos 163, 177, 178
Minotaur 7, 92, 206
Minyas, daughters of 127, 138
Mneia see Damia and Auxesia
Moirai 24, 179
Mormo 35
Mother of the Gods see Kybele, Meter Muses 86
Myrtilos 145
Neith 41
Neleus 62, 65 Nemesis 179-80
Neoptolemos 201
Nephele 16
Nestor 61, 62
Nike 28; see also Athena
nymphs 12, 135, 152-5, 154 fig. 11. 2,
199; and Apollo 153, 163; and Artemis 106; Charites as 162; and Hermes 147, 152-4, 158 (see also Hermes); Kabeirid 174; in Karyai, nurses of Dionysos 129, 135, 138; nurses of Hera 31; and Pan 145, 151; and rivers 152-3, 158; and silens 147
Odysseus 21, 26, 48, 200, 203; cult of 199; and Ino 188
Oedipus 98; crimes of 93, 202; and Eumenides 168, 203; tomb of 200
Oibotas 203
Oino see Anios, daughters of
Oionos 53
Onetor 199
Opheltes see Archemoros
Opis 113 (Hyperborean maiden); see
also Artemis
Orestes 30, 149, 152; as ancestor 53; as
founder 104, 130; Semnai Theai 168;
and Spartans 200, 207 Osiris 24, 126
Ouranos 116
Paian 86, 99; see also Apollo
Pais 173; see also Hera
Palaimon see Melikertes-Palaimon Pamisos 152-3
Pan 150 fig. 11. 1, 150-2, 155; as Aigipan 151; and Apollo 99, 144, 153; and Hermes 144, 145, 147, 151, 153; and Kabiroi 173; and Meter 142; and nymphs 145, 151, 153, 154, 154 fig. 11. 2; and panic 151-2; and Zeus 151
Pandion 199
Pandrosos 46, 47
Paris 29, 158
Parthenos 104; see also Athena, Bendis Pasikrateia see Persephone
Pegasos 55, 58, 66, 80 (mythical creature); 132 (Athenian)
Peitho 118, 119, 120 Peleus 152, 179, 201 Pelias 65
Pelops 27, 36, 198, 207
280
INDEX OF DIVINE, HEROIC, AND MYTHIC FIGURES
Penelope 53, 151
Pentheus 140-1
Persephone 11, 69-85, 84 fig. 6. 2, 141;
and Aphrodite 83-5, 122; and Dionysos/Zagreus 142; dominance in West 81-5; and Hades 83, 84; and Hekate 166; and Megaloi Theoi 174; as Pasikrateia 83; as Pherephatta 69; and Plouton 75; as Thea 69, 75, 76; see also Kore
Perseus 53, 139, 198
Phaidra 123-4
Phales 133; see also Hermes Pherephatta see Persephone Philomela 90
Phoibe see Leukippos, daughters of Phorbas 145
Phrixos 16
Phrontis 68, 199
Physkoa 36
Plouton 75; as Theos 75, 76
Ploutos 194
Podaleirios 192
Pohoidan see Poseidon
Polites 203
Polydeukes see Dioskouroi
Polyeidos 142
Polymele 145
Poseidon 4, 37, 47, 57-68, 61 fig. 5. 1,
65 fig. 5. 2, 75, 152, 180; and Amphitrite 58, 60; Anax 69; as ancestor 57, 60, 65-6; Asphaleios 57; and Athena 42, 55, 67, 199; Basileus 63; and Demeter 3, 57, 63-4, 66-7, 79-80; and Despoina 66, 67; and Dioskouroi 189; Ennosigaios 57; Epaktaios 60; and Erechtheus 42, 67, 145; and Erinys 65; Gaieochos 57; Geraistios 61; Helikonios 4, 58-9, Hippios 55, 58, 64-6, 67, 79, 80; hippodromios 64; and Hippolytos 123; and horses 55, 58, 62, 64-7, 79, 123, 212n21; and Medousa 66; and Melikertes-Palaimon 60; Pater 67; Pelagios 60; Petraios 66; Phykios 58; Phytalmios 63, 212n17(Ch5); as Pohoidan 62; Poliouchos 63; Pontios 60; as Posoidan 62, 67; Prosbaterios 67; Prosklystios 64; seisichtho ? n 64; Themeliouchos 58, 67
Posoidan see Poseidon Potnia of Athana 41
Potnia Theron see Artemis
Priam 146
Proitos, daughters of 127, 139, 217n28 Prokne 90
Prosymna (nymph) 31
Ptoios 95; see also Apollo
Python 94
Reshep 86, 87, 88, 92
Rhea 74, 166; and Meter 171; and
Poseidon 66; and Zeus 24, 25, 27,
187
river gods 12, 152-3; see also Acheloo? s,
Pamisos, Spercheios
Samothracian gods see Megaloi Theoi satyr 105, 122, 127, 135, 147
Sea Women see Haliai
Semele 135, 140-1, 142, 188
Semnai Theai 11, 167-8, 203; see also Erinyes, Eumenides
Seven Against Thebes 20, 204; see also Amphiaraos, Polyneikes
silen see satyr
Sinties 159
Sirius 16
Sisyphos 60
Skamandros 152
Skiros 47
Sosipolis 164
Spercheios 152
Spermo see Anios, daughters of
Tammuz 24, 124
Tauroi 104-5
Teisamenos 200
Telamon 201
Telchines 159
Telemachos 62
Teneros 98
Teshub 15
Tethys 64
Thaleia 162; see also Charites Thallo 163; see also Charites Thea see Persephone
Themis 36, 170, 179-80; Agoraia 179 Theoi (Samothrace) see Megaloi Theoi Theos see Plouton
Theras 53
Theseus 63, 123, 206-7; as founder 7, 92, 118-19, 207; and Helen 125, 192, 207
281
INDEX OF DIVINE, HEROIC, AND MYTHIC FIGURES
Thetis 139, 179, 205-6
Thyiads 138
Titans 142; see also Kronos, Rhea,
Tethys
Tlepolemos 54 Triptolemos 76 Trophonios 203-4
Tyche 179; Agathe 23 Tyndareos 53, 186, 189 Tyndaridai see Dioskouroi
Ushas 114
Zagreus 142; see also Dionysos
Zeus 6, 15-28, 17 fig. 2. 1, 48, 68, 93,
153, 156, 159, 162, 163, 187; Agoraios 19, 55; and Aiakos 201; Akraios 16; Amboulios 55; Ammon 175-6 (see also Ammon); as ancestor 20-1, 57; and Apollo 86, 93; and Archemoros/Opheltes 26, 27; and Artemis 101, 110; and Asklepios 192; and Athena 3, 21, 47, 48, 50, 54, 55; birth of 24-5, 30, 171, 187; Boulaios 19, 55; Chthonios 27; and Demeter 15, 66; and Despoina 66; Diktaios 24;
and Dioskouroi 189; Eleutherios 20; Exakester 24; and Gaia/Ge 15, 157-8; and Hekate 165; and Helios 158; Hellanios/Hellenios 16, 201; and Hera 27, 29, 31, 33, 35-6, 37, 39-40; and Herakles 27; Herkeios 21, 93; and Hermes 146, 149; and Hestia 161; Hikesios 22-4, 53; Horkios 24; Hypsistos 27; Idaian 25, 171; Ikmaios 16; Kataibates 27; Katharsios 24, 27; as Kouros 25; Ktesios 21; of Labraunda 110; Laphystios 16; Lykaios 17-18, 66; Meilichios 12, 21-3, 23 fig. 2. 2, 28, 55, 74, 83; Naios 26; and Nemesis 179-80; Olympios 26-8, 218n6; Ombrios 16; oracles of 26, 153, 175-6; and Pan 151; Panhellenios 16; Pater 15; Patroo? s 20; and Pelops 27; Philios 23; Phratrios 21, 55; Polieus 19, 47, 55; and Poseidon 57, 66; as rain god 15-17, 18, 152, 201; and Rhea 24-5, 27, 171, 187; and Semele 140; Soter 20; Teleios 39; and Themis 179; Tropaios 19-20; Welchanos 148; Xenios 55
282
Achaia 24, 58, 145, 147, 200, 203 Achaian League 37
Acharnai 157, 180
adolescents see rites of passage aegis 44, 50, 53
afterlife 1, 82, 84, 126, 142, 206 agelastos petros (Eleusis) 75 agnus castus 105; see also lugos ago ? n see competition
agora 20, 46, 47, 74, 133, 135, 146, 160 fig. 12. 1, 169, 171, 185, 200, 202 (Athens); 202 (Kyrene); 146 (Phares); 139 (Sikyon); 200 (Sparta); 70 (Thebes); 185 (Thasos)
agriculture 6, 11, 19; and Apollo 93; and Bendis 176; and Charites 163; and Demeter and Kore/Persephone 69-73, 79, 82; and Dionysos 133; and Ge 158; knowledge of 69, 76; ploughing 7, 71-3, 82; and Poseidon 57, 63-4; sowing 22, 71-3, 207; and Zeus 15, 19, 22
Aiakeion 201 (Aigina); 202 (Athens) Aigina 16, 80; and Aiakos 201-2; and
Aphaia 177-8; and Damia and Auxesia 181; and Hekate 167; and Zeus 16
Ainos 149
Aiolia 49, 57, 87
aischrologia 71, 181
Aitolia 15, 90 fig. 7. 3; and Apollo
89-90; and Artemis 89-90, 102 Akragas 55, 191; and Demeter and
Kore/Persephone 81-2 Akrokorinthos 76, 119, 121, 158 akropolis 6; 48 (Argos); 75 (Eleusis); 82
(Gela); 54-5 (Lindos); 198 (Mycenae); 83 (Selinous); 53-4, 119 (Sparta); 70, 119, 140 (Thebes)
Akropolis, Athenian 46, 48, 74, 131; and Aphrodite 123; and Artemis 107; and Asklepios 194; and Athena 41-4, 44 fig. 4. 2, 45-6, 55, 56, 67; and Charites 163; and Hekate 166; north slope of 46, 117, 151; and Pan 151; and Poseidon 55; south slope of 42, 44, 118, 123, 132, 194; and Zeus 19
Alalkomenai 50, 54
Alexander the Great 54, 63, 97, 176 altar 6 fig. 1. 1, 8, 12, 193 fig. 14. 1;
ash 27, 36, 53, 192; bloodless 115; box-like 49, 88; circular 82; commemorative 20; competition around 105, 108; dance around 135; dedication of 55, 152, 157, 190; deposits in or under 98-9, 192; in divination 27, 98; horn 88, 92, 97, 111; monumental 8, 32, 34, 58, 59; multiple 27, 76, 131, 185-6; on peaks 15-16, 39; procession to or from 54, 102, 132, 133; sculpted 122, 162, 204; shared 21, 55, 67, 107, 179, 204; as tomb 91, 201; unworked rock as 138, 174, 185; see also bo ? mos, bothros, eschara
Altis (Olympia) 27, 35, 36 Amathous 115-16, 129
Amnisos 163-4, 169
amphictyony 57, 63; Delphic 94; see
also leagues and federations amphidromia 1, 161
amulet 98, 130, 153, 164; see also evil,
aversion of
Amyklai 53, 67, 91-2, 198 Amyklaion 53
Amymone see spring anago ? ge ? 141
anaktoron 75
GENERAL INDEX
283
Anatolia 33, 91, 111, 159; colonization of 58, 87, 92, 93, 96, 109, 165; goddesses of 101, 109, 165, 170
ancestor, Anios as 201; Apollo as 93; Ares as 156; cult of 21, 197; Helios as 158; Hephaistos as 159; Herakles as 21, 186; Hermes as 145, 148, 149; nymphs as 153; Orestes as 53; Poseidon as 57, 60, 65-6; Zeus as 20-1, 57
anthropomorphism 149, 153, 158, 161; see also theriomorphism
aparche ? 63, 72, 75, 76, 103
apella 86
Apolline triad 88-9, 89 fig. 7. 2, 90, 92,
95, 112, 152, 164
apotropaic function see evil, aversion of archive 88, 171; see also inventory archo ? n basileus (King Archon) 47, 130,
131, 132, 134
Areopagos (Athens) 167
Areopagos, Council of 168
Argolid 52, 78, 197; colonization from
37; and Hera 30; and Herakles 183;
and Poseidon 212n21; see also Argos Argolis see Argolid
Argos 26, 63; and Apollo 88, 95; and
Ares 156; and Ariadne 129; and Dionysos 188; and Dioskouroi 189; and Helios 158; and Hera 29-31, 32, 36, 37; and Herakles 183, 186; and Hermes 149; and Iphinoe? 139; and Palladion 48; and Perseus 139; and Poseidon 64
aristocrats 20, 30, 59, 102, 148; on Aigina 201; in Athens 46, 73-4; Bakchiad 119; see also elites
Aristomenes 106, 190
Arkadia 164; and Apollo 99; and
Aphrodite 115; and Artemis 102, 106; and Athena 52, 54, 211n21; and Demeter/Erinys 63, 65, 66-7, 79-81, 167; and Despoina 66, 79-81; and Dioskouroi 190, 191; and Enyalios 157; and Hera 40; and Hermes 144-5, 148; and Maniai 168; and Pan 99, 151, 155; and Poseidon 62, 63, 65, 66-7; theriomorphism and 79; and Zeus 17 fig. 2. 1, 17-18, 24
arkteuein 108
armor 46, 54, 91, 102, 109, 157; see
also votive offerings and dedications arrhe ? phoros 10, 45, 46, 47
Artemision (Delos) 113; (Ephesos) 108-12; (Euboia) 61, 120
Asia Minor see Anatolia
Asine 79, 95
Asklepieion 194 (Athens); 194-5
(Peiraieus)
Asopos river 39
Asterion river 31
astragaloi see knucklebones
asylum 8, 22, 61; and Artemis 111; and
Athena 51, 52, 53; and Eumenides 168; and Hebe 31; and Pan 151; and Poseidon 63, 68
Athens 2, 12, 54, 150, 153, 163; and Adonis 124; and Aiakos 201-2; and Ammon 176; and Aphrodite 115, 116-17, 123, 124, 125; and Apollo 87, 88, 92, 93, 95; and Artemis 104, 108; and Asklepios 192, 194-5; and Athena 21, 41-7, 43 fig. 4. 1, 48, 50, 55, 178; and Bendis 176-7, 182; and Charites 163; and Damia and Auxesia 181; and Demeter and Kore/ Persephone 72-6; and Diktynna 178; and Dionysos 126, 127, 129, 130-5, 143; and Erechtheus 42, 67, 73, 145; and Hekate 165, 166; and Hephaistos 159-60; and Hermes 145, 152; and Hippolytos 123; and Kybele/Meter 171; and nymphs 152; and Oedipus 202-3; and Pan 151, 155; and Poseidon 60, 63, 65-6, 67-8, 145, 212; and rivers 152; and Semnai Theai 167-8; and Theseus 92, 206-7; and tribal heroes 199-200; and Zeus 21, 22, 24, 55, 93, 17; see also Attica
athlete 24, 158, 175; as hero 203; see also competition
Attica 6 fig. 1. 1, 8, 13 fig. 1. 2, 118; and Amphiaraos 204; and Apollo 93; and Artemis 7, 104, 107-8; and Aphrodite 117; and Ares 157; and Athena 45, 47, 55, 157, 199; and Demeter and Kore/Persephone 63, 69, 70-3, 76; and Dionysos 127, 129, 130, 133-8 passim, 134 fig. 10. 1, 136 fig. 10. 2, 141; and Dioskouroi 186, 190-2; and Eileithyia 165; and Ge 158; and Hekate 167; and Hera 39; and Herakles 184-5, 186, 195; and Hermes 144, 146, 149, 151, 155, 167; and Nemesis 179-80; and Phrontis 199; and Poseidon 63, 67-8, 189,
GENERAL INDEX
284
199; and Theseus 206-7; and Zeus
16; see also Athens
Augustus 52, 102
Aulis 104
authority 20; political 19, 31, 37;
religious 12-13, 37, 47, 74, 99, 140,
165
axe 19, 106 Ayia Irini 128
Babylonia 15, 32, 105, 120, 124, 215n19(Ch9)
bakche ? 135; see also mainad banquet see dining, hestiatorion Barber, Elizabeth 46, 56 basilinna 131
Bassai 99
bath 11; of cult statue 8, 31, 45, 48; of
deities 139, 162; for healing 11, 192,
194; for purification 11, 31, 74 battle 2; of Artemision 102; divine
intervention in 148, 184, 186, 189, 190; of Marathon 90, 184, 200; of Megiddo 96; of Plataiai 20, 190; of Sagra river 190; of Salamis 102, 202; and ritual 19, 20, 102, 103, 156; of Thermopylai 90; see also truce, war
battle of gods and giants see Gigantomachy
bear 7, 103, 108, 111
beauty 29, 114, 149, 162, 191
bird 103, 170; cock 195; crane 7, 92;
crow 39; dove 26, 80, 114, 118, 118 fig. 9. 1; eagle 18, 28; heraldic 102; owl 44; phallos-bird 129
birth of gods and heroes, Achilles 179; Aphrodite 116, 122, 122 fig. 9. 2; Apollo 92, 93, 113, 164; Artemis 92, 93, 112, 113, 164; Asklepios 192; Athena 53, 54; Dionysos 126, 127, 129, 140-1; Erechtheus 159; Helen 180, 192; Hera 31, 33; Herakles 184; Hermes 144, 145; Poseidon 66; Zeus 17, 24, 30, 171, 187; see also childbirth
Black Sea 34, 104, 141, 206 black color of deities 80, 168; of
garments 35, 80; of sacrificial victims
12, 27, 62, 158, 196, 205
blood, used in ritual 104-5, 196; in
divination 96; as libation 8, 27, 138, 152; poured into tomb 91, 196; for purification 22, 133
Bluebeard temple (Athens) 41-2
boar 52, 102; as sacrifice 24, 102, 168;
see also pig
Boiotia 65 fig. 5. 2, 197; and Alkmene
200; and Amphiaraos 204; and Apollo 95-6, 98; and Artemis 104, 113; and Athena 50, 54; and Charites 162; and Demeter and Kore/ Persephone 71, 80; and Dionysos 127, 132, 135, 138-9, 141; and Dioskouroi 189; and Eileithyia 165; and Eros 162; and Hera 39-40; and Herakles 162, 184; and Hermes 144, 148-9; and Ino-Leukothea 188; and Kabiroi 172-3, 182; and Oedipus 203; and Pan 150, 152; and Poseidon 57, 58, 64-6; and Trophonios 204; and Zeus 209n14
bo ? mos 8, 105; see also altar
bone 194; in altar 88; burning of 18, 96,
113; deposition without burning 97; in divination 145, 154; excavated 18, 70, 77, 88, 111; plaque 105; tablet 97, 141; see also relics, heroic
bothros 194, 204
boukoleion (Athens) 131 bouleute ? rion 55, 171
boundaries, Hekate and 166; Hermes
and 144, 146-7; political 9, 67, 106;
of sanctuaries 8, 66, 83, 153, 164 Bouphonos see priests and male cult
officials
bow 148, 185; as attribute of Apollo 86,
87 fig. 7. 1, 91, 92, 96, 97
boys 18; in athletics 36, 46, 91, 148, 188; in choruses 133; offerings by
194; special ritual roles of 95, 98, 105, 130, 133, 157, 185; statues of 108; temple service of 35; terracottas of 173; see also children, girls, rites of passage
branch, ritual uses of 33, 71, 87, 90, 93, 98
Brauron 107-8, 113, 215n19(Ch8) bride 83; and Aphrodite 122; Ariadne as 129; capture of 84, 190; Harmonia as
156; Hebe as 184; Hera as 29, 31, 33, 38-40; Kore/Persephone as 69, 81; nymph as 154; Semele as 140
Bronze Age 30, 159, 197; Aphrodite in 114; Athena in 41; Dionysos in 126, 128; Hera in 40; Herakles in 183; iconography of 19, 102, 170; Rhea in
GENERAL INDEX
285
171; sites 73 (Eleusis), 98 (Epidauros), 191 (Therapne); Zeus in 15, 24-5, 171; see also Mycenaean period, Mycenaeans, Linear B
Bronze House (Sparta) 53
bull 6 fig. 1. 1; and Artemis 104, 110;
and Dionysos 135, 139-40; in divination 58; as sacrifice 25, 39, 58, 61, 62, 64, 76, 205; and Semnai Theai 168; and rivers 153; see also cow, ox, votive offerings and dedications
Burkert, Walter 4, 5, 19, 147
cairn 144, 146, 149
calendars 38, 66; Athenian 45, 207; of
Attic demes 47, 157-8, 192; and Dionysiac festivals 128; lunar 6; festival 6, 13, 88, 93; solar 128
cannibalism 18
cave 58, 176; of Aphrodite 125; of
Cheiron 16; and Demeter 67, 76, 80; of Eileithyia 163-4, 169; and Hermes 144, 147; and Iphigeneia 107; man-made 60, 82; of nymphs 138, 147, 151, 153, 154-5, 154 fig. 11. 2, 199; and nympholepsy 155; and Odysseus 199; oracle 62-3; of Pan 151; of Persephone and Plouton 75; and Zeus 24-5
celery, wild 60, 111
Celts 103
chariot 103, 122, 138, 190, 204; and
Poseidon 58, 59, 60, 64-5; race 27,
36, 46, 50, 58, 75; winged 76 charis 137, 162
childbirth 1, 10, 11, 92; and Alochos
158; and Artemis 101, 107, 166; and Damia and Auxesia 181; and Eileithyia 107, 164-5; and Hekate 166; and Iphigeneia 107; and nymphs 154; and Persephone 83; see also birth of gods and heroes
child-hero 26, 34-5, 60, 64
children 103, 135, 188; participation in
ritual 35, 78; see also boys, girls,
kourotrophic role, rites of passage Chios 45, 49, 127, 137
choes 130-2
chore ? gos 132, 134
chorus 7, 190; for Apollo 93, 98; Artemis 93, 106; for Damia and Auxesia 181; of Delian maidens 92;
for Dionysos 126, 133; dithyrambic 93, 126, 133; divine 86; dramatic 20, 25, 137, 140; for Helen 191; for Hippodameia 36; mocking 181; for Physkoa 36; for Semele 141; see also dance
Christian views of Greek cults 73, 110, 126, 137
chthonian aspect 11-12; of Asklepios 193; of Demeter and Kore/Persephone 78-9, 81; of Charites 163; of Dionysos 141, 188; of Dioskouroi 189-90; of Erinyes 202; of Hades 50, 79; of Hekate 167; of Herakles 184, 186; of Hermes 131, 149-50; of heroes 196-7; of Ino-Leukothea 188; of Melikertes-Palaimon 60; of Osiris 126; of Poseidon 57; of Semnai Theai 168; of Zeus 21-3, 27, 50, 55
citizens 162, 199; communal offering by 43, 94, 162; concord of 118-19; distinguished from noncitizens in cult 7, 46, 48, 132, 177; enrollment of 21, 50, 160; honors of 133; as immigrants 123; participation in cult of 7, 44, 71, 120, 121, 141, 168, 177, 184; religious authority of 13, 175; see also citizenship
citizenship, decrees of 88; ideals of 9; and nothoi 184; preparation for 10, 88, 105, 148, 189; and status of basilinna 131; see also citizens
city see polis
city hall see prutaneion
civic identity see identity
civic role of deities, Aphrodite 116-19;
Apollo 86-8; Artemis 106, 108-12; Athena 41-9, 52-55; Demeter and Kore/Persephone 69, 81-5; Dionysos 126-7; Dioskouroi 189-90; Hephaistos 159-60; Hera 30-5, 37-8; Herakles 185-6; Hermes 148-9; Hestia 160-1; Kybele/Meter 171; Poseidon 63-4, 66, 67; Zeus 19-20
civilized life 70, 101, 104, 113
Clinton, Kevin 71, 85
clothing, black 35, 80; magnificent 133,
160; scarlet 132; white 25, 45; yellow 108; see also cult images, votive offerings and dedications
coin, Diktynna on 178; Dionysiac emblem on 129; Herakles on 184; Hermes on 148, 149; trident on 63;
GENERAL INDEX
286
Zeus on 17, 148, 175; see also votive
offerings and dedications
colony, Greek 2, 69, 96, 101; of Athens
132, 178; Halikarnassos 63; Heloros 82; Kos 186; Kyzikos 130; Lemnos 173-4; Lokroi Epizephyrioi 83, 121-2; Miletos 97; Naukratis 123; Olbia 141; Rhodes 186; Satyrion 119; Selinous 82-3; Syracuse 107; Taras 119, 190; Thasos 163
colonization, Greek, Achilles and 206; of Aigina 178; and Apollo 86, 93-5; of Black Sea 206; of Cyprus 114; Dorian 91, 107, 175-6, 186, 190; and founders' cults 202; and Herakles 186-7, 206; of Ilion 51; of Kydonia 178; of Kyrene 54-5, 175-6, 202; of Massilia 112, 130; of Miletos 49; and new fire 161; of Sicily 54-5, 81-2; of Southern Italy 29; of Thasos 185; of Thera 53; of Thrace 149, 176; see also colony, Greek
Colossus of Rhodes 159
comedy see drama
competition 5, 7; athletic 17, 30, 36, 46,
50, 53, 90, 108, 147-8, 184, 186-8 passim, 191, 193; chariot race 27, 36, 46, 50, 58, 65; choral/dance 46, 93, 133, 138; dithyrambic 93, 133, 138; dramatic 133, 134-5, 162-3; drinking 130; equestrian 64, 66, 177, 187; musical 46, 50, 90, 91, 93, 95, 134, 158, 162-3, 193; ox-lifting 160; prohibition on 186; race in armor 20; rhapsodic (Homer) 46; regatta 20, 46, 68; torch race 46, 151, 160, 177; see also games, rites of passage
cow, as sacrifice 36, 39, 78-9, 158; see also bull, ox, votive offerings and dedications
crafts, and Aphrodite 115; and Athena 41, 45, 47, 49, 55; and daimones 159; and Hephaistos 45, 115, 159; and Poseidon 60, 61 fig. 5. 1
crossroads 146, 166
crown 96, 133, 157, 166, 201; as prize
36, 60, 95; as ritual attire 78, 114,
123, 130; see also cult image, garland cult image 6 fig. 1. 1, 24, 32, 35, 36, 43
fig. 4. 1, 95, 106, 109, 114, 124, 173, 177, 186, 191; Anatolian 33, 109-10; aniconic 87, 91, 99, 115, 117, 146-7, 149, 155, 162; apotropaic 35, 48,
159, 166-7, 169; armed 87 fig. 7. 1, 91, 92, 96, 116, 119, 178; bathing of 8, 31, 33, 45, 48, 118; binding of 33, 105, 119, 157, 214n10; bronze 53, 87 fig. 7. 1, 88, 89 fig. 7. 2, 91, 96, 100, 117, 160, 200; carried in procession 6, 8, 33, 48, 111, 141; chryselephantine 25, 28, 30, 42, 102, 125; clothing of 8, 31, 33, 36, 46, 91, 108, 109, 111, 113; colossal 8, 20, 28, 42, 91, 92, 133, 180; copies of 80, 112; crowned 33, 49, 62, 109, 113, 125, 166; double or multiple 30-1, 33, 37, 39, 108, 109, 117, 119, 122, 141, 148, 156, 160, 165; fallen from sky 48, 140, 162; feeding of 33, 111; fished from sea 149; found in tree 137; garlanding of 8, 166; gold 92, 110; ithyphallic 174; ivory 50, 52, 133, 178; kneeling 181; mask as 129; mocking of 217n28; nude 88, 96, 123, 148; oiling of 8; ornaments on 28, 44, 45, 49-50, 49-50, 81, 109-10, 111, 180; pectoral on 33, 82, 109-10, 110 fig. 8. 2; phallos as 147; portable 33, 48, 105, 109, 123, 133, 162, 189, 202; purification of 45, 48; restricted access to 79, 119, 125, 165, 204; stone 133, 134 fig. 10. 1, 178, 180; supplication of 51; temporary 39, 135; theft of 33, 48, 104, 181; theriomorphic 80; walking 171; wooden 31, 33, 37, 39, 42, 43-4, 49, 109, 112, 119, 133, 141, 144, 165, 167, 181; words for 8
curse 1; oral 167, 202-3; written 83, 149, 167, 217n14
Cyclades 92, 128-9, 164
Cyprus 49, 175; and Aphrodite 114-16,
121, 123, 124, 125; and Apollo 92, 97, 100; and Herakles 187
daimo ? n 1, 20, 25, 159, 164
dance 5, 7; for Apollo 90, 91; in armor
46, 91; for Artemis 106, 108, 109; crane 7, 92; for Demeter and Kore/ Persephone 70, 75; for Dionysos 138, 141; for Helen 191; masked 81, 105; for Semele 141; for Rhea and Zeus 171; with sword 190; see also chorus
daphne ? phoros see priests and male cult officials
GENERAL INDEX
de Polignac, Franc? ois 9 287
dead, the 189, 197; and Choes/Chytroi 132; as chthonians 11-12, 184, 196; fate of 73-6, 141-2; and Hekate 166; and Hermes 144, 149-50; laments for 35, 124, 188; oracle of 57, 62-3; and pollution 10; Queen of 69, 75, 83; raising of 192; sacrifices for 35, 129, 149, 196, 205; vengeful 166, 167, 196-7, 202-3; in wars 157, 186, 199
dedication see votive offerings and dedications
deer 103, 106, 122; as sacrifice 102, 103, 104, 111; stag 96, 103, 104
Deinomenids 81
Delos 159; and Apollo 88, 92-3, 111;
and Anios 201; and Artemis 112-13; and Eileithyia 164, 165; and Poseidon 58; and Theseus 7, 207
Delphi 59, 93, 95, 97, 135, 149, 200; and Dionysos 137-8, 141-2; and Ge 93, 157; and nymphs and Pan 154; temples at 94, 204; see also Delphic oracle
Delphic oracle 13, 93-5, 179, 202; and Apollo Delphinios 88; competitors of 95-6, 176; gives general ritual advice 157, 181, 199, 200, 201; and Hermes 145-6; prescribes appeasement 49, 51, 53, 80, 133, 203; propagates existing cults 137, 140, 141, 200;
see also Delphi
Delphinion (Miletos) 88, 96
demes, Attic 45, 71, 72, 132-4, 141,
157, 185, 202, 207; calendars of 47,
158, 192
democracy 118, 171, 199, 207 Demosthenes 63, 168
Detienne, Marcel 5, 66, 85, 124 Didyma 13, 88, 96-7, 100 Dikte, Mt. 24-5, 48, 178
dining 8, 19; and Anios 201; and
Aphrodite 114, 121-2; and Apollo 91, 98; and Artemis 107, 112; and Asklepios 191, 194; and Athena 47; and Demeter and Kore/Persephone 70, 77-8, 82; and Dionysos 129, 131, 137; and Dioskouroi 191; and Eileithyia 164; and Hera 34; and Herakles 184-5, 187, 191; and heroes 149; and Hestia 161; and Poseidon 59, 60; and Samothracian gods 174; and Zeus 18, 19, 23; see also dining room, sacrifice
dining room 8, 34, 60, 77, 161, 174, 185, 191
Dios ko ? idion see fleece
disappearing deities and heroes 33, 39,
75, 126, 191, 203-4 dismemberment 24, 80, 101, 126, 135,
137, 138
distaff 49
dithyramb see chorus; see also hymn divination 5; and Anios 201; and Apollo
93-7; with bees 145; with knucklebones 145, 154; from lightning 186; from loaves in water 188; from sacrifice 13 fig. 1. 2, 26, 27, 58, 98, 115, 204; see also dream, oracle, prophets and seers
Dodona 15, 26, 35, 94, 118 fig. 9. 1, 153, 176, 205, 209n29
dog 98, 130, 133, 152, 189; as sacrifice 157, 166
dokana 190
dolphin 60, 61, 80, 88, 97
domestic cult 20; of Achilles 206; of
ancestors 21; of Apollo 93; of Asklepios 192; of Dioskouroi 190-1; of Hekate 166-7; of Hermes 144, 146, 147, 149; of Hestia 160-1; of Kybele 171-2; of nymphs 147; of Zeus 21, 23, 93; see also private cult
domestication 5, 19, 45, 103
Dorians 6; and Apollo 86, 88, 90-2; and
Artemis 105; and Athena 53; colonies of 83, 107, 175; and Dionysos 127, 138; expansion of 57, 78, 79; and Helios 158; and Hera 29; and Herakles 186; and Hermes 148; and heroes 200, 207; and Poseidon 62, 63; and Thesmophoria 79; and Zeus 20, 175
Do? rpfeld, Wilhelm 42
Douglas, Mary 10
dove see bird
drama 7, 33, 76, 95; comedy 126, 133,
145, 173; and Dionysos 126, 127, 132-5; satyr-play 133; tragedy 126, 132; see also poetry
dream, in Amphiaraos cult 204, 205 fig. 15. 1; in Asklepios cult 192, 194; of Artemis 112; of Demeter and Kore/ Persephone 78, 80; and Hermes 150; of Kybele/Meter 171; and Sosipolis 164; of Zeus Ammon 175; see also epiphany, vision
GENERAL INDEX
288
Dreros 86, 88-9, 89 fig. 7. 2, 111 Dromos (Sparta) 53, 186, 191 drowning 199, 212n21; of Ajax 51, 61;
protection from 20, 60, 174, 188, 189 Dryopes 78-9
dying god 25, 124, 126, 128
earthquake 57, 58, 62, 152, 181 ecstatic state, and Dionysos 126-7,
134-9, 140, 152; and Kybele 126, 152; of mainads 134-9; and Pan 152; of Pythia 94; and Rhea 25, 171; and Zeus 25, 171
Egypt 41, 54, 143, 200; and cult statues 159; imports from 32, 34, 54, 163, 164; and ship float 130; see also Egyptians
Egyptians 25, 41, 123, 126, 185, 200; and Ammon 26, 175; and cult images 111, 159; cultural influence from 112, 116, 130, 143, 18; and Danaids 547
Eleusinion, City (Athens) 74, 76, 194 Eleusis 13, 199; and Demeter and Kore/
Persephone 67, 71, 72, 73-6, 77 fig. 6. 1; and Eubouleus 70; and Poseidon 64, 67
Eleutherai 132
Eliade, Mircea 7
Elis 36; and Aphrodite 117; and
Dionysos 140; and Sosipolis 164; and
Zeus 26-8
elites 16, 47, 73, 158, 171, 172, 175,
186, 201; children of 35, 45, 51; see
also aristocrats
Empedokles 11
enagismos 12, 35, 168; see also sacrifice enkoime ? sis see incubation enthousiasmos 126
ephebe 10; and Apollo 88; and Artemis
102; and Hermes 147-9; oath of 157,
163; and rivers 153; and Zeus 20 Ephesos, and Artemis 33, 96, 101,
108-12, 110 fig. 8. 2; and Athena 50;
and Dionysos 130; and Poseidon 58 ephors, Spartan 53, 54
epic poetry, cyclic 37, 48; folk belief and
203; Helen in 191; and heroic cult 196, 197-9 passim, 205, 207; Ino- Leukothea in 188; Near Eastern 144; Persephone in 69; see also poetry
Epidauros, and Apollo 98-9, 192; and Asklepios 99, 192-5; and Damia and Auxesia 180-1; and Helios 158
epilepsy 11, 152
Epimenides 11
epiphany, of Asklepios 193; of Athena
54; of Dionysos 126, 128, 139, 140; of Hermes 148; of Pan 151; theriomorphic 22; see also dream, vision
epo ? numos, tribal 199-200
epopte ? s 76
Erchia 45, 47, 141, 158
Erechtheion (Athens) 42, 43, 67, 106,
159
Eretria 86, 98, 144
Erythrai 49, 118, 212n17(Ch5) eschara 8; see also altar, bothros eschatology 83-4
ethnicity 3, 6, 17, 57, 199, 200; see also
identity
Euboia 61, 130, 148, 153
euphemism 11, 21, 57, 69, 78, 167, 203 Eurotas river 105, 191
Euxine see Black Sea
evil, aversion of, 22, 35, 88, 159; and
Aphrodite 119; and Apollo 87-8; with beads 172; and Bes 187; and Herakles 184, 185, 187; with gorgon masks 90; and Hermes 146, 148; and Melqart 187; see also amulet
evolution, cultural 2-3
family 47, 81; acceptance of infants into 1, 161; and Aphaia 178; and Apollo 86; and Asklepios 193, 195; death in 10; and Erinyes 167-8; noble 35, 45, 46, 51, 73, 74, 186 (see also aristocrats); obligations of 1, 167; royal 149; worship by 12, 22, 23, 36, 46, 166, 193 fig. 14. 1, 153, 166, 191; and Zeus 15, 19, 20-1; see also ancestor, fatherhood, priestly families
famine 80, 181, 203
Farnell, Lewis Richard 2, 3, 158, 188,
195
fatherhood 21, 24, 133, 149, 179; of
Apollo 192, 201; of Ares 156; of Asklepios 192; of Helios 158; of Hephaistos 174; of Hermes 145; of Kronos 24-5; of Ouranos 116; of Poseidon 58, 63, 66, 67, 151; of river gods 31; and Zeus 15, 19, 20, 21, 55
federation see leagues and federations fertility 3; agricultural 70-3, 79, 81,
162, 163; animal 19, 147; and
GENERAL INDEX
289
Artemis 106, 110; and Athena 46, 52; and Bes 163-4; and Demeter and Kore/Persephone 71, 72; gods of 124; and Hera 29, 30-1, 33; human 71, 72, 107, 152; of natural world 33, 106; and "sacred prostitution" 120; symbols of 110
festivals and sacred days 1, 3, 7, 71, 76; Adonia 124; Agriania/Agrionia 127, 138-9; and agricultural cycle 72-3, 127-8, 130, 207; Agyrmos 74; Aiora 133; Anakalypteria 81; Anodos 71; Anthesteria 127, 130-5 passim, 149; Apatouria 50, 160; Aphrodisia 118; Asklepieia 193; and battles 20, 102, 149, 151; biennial 127-8, 139, 140; Bouphonia 19; Brauronia 108; Chalkeia 45, 159; Charitesia 163; Chloaia 72; Choes 130-2; Chytroi 131-2; contrasting emotions in 76, 91, 124, 126, 198; Daidala 39; Daphnephoria 39, 97-8; Diasia 22; Diisoteria 20; Dionysia 129, 132-3 (City), 133-4 (Country), 140 (Elis), 130 ("older"); Dipolieia 19; Eileithyiaia 164; Elaphebolia 103; Eleusinian Mysteries 9, 69, 71, 73-6, 85, 134, 142, 194; Epidauria 74-5; financing of 47, 73, 75, 90, 132, 134, 194, 207; Geraistia 61; Haloa 72, 74; Hekatombaia 30; Heliaia 158; Heraia 30, 36; Hermaia 147; Heroi? s 141; Hieros Gamos 39; Iobakcheia 131; Kalamaia 72; Kalligeneia 71; Kallynteria 45; Karneia 90-1; Katagogia 130; Koreia 81; Lenaia 127, 132, 134-6, 136 fig. 10. 2; Lesser Mysteries 72, 74; Lykaia 17; Megalartia 70; and month names 6, 45, 58, 72, 91, 93, 124, 130, 134, 138, 139; Nemesia 180; Nesteia 71; Oschophoria 47, 207; Pamboiotia 50; Panathenaia 44-7, 56, 108, 132; Panhellenic 7, 26, 46, 59, 147, 174, 203; Panionia 58; Pithoigia 130; Plynteria 45-8 passim; Pompaia 22; Poseideia 58; Proerosia 72; prohibition on warfare during 36, 76, 90-1; Pyanepsia 207; quadrennial 27, 36, 39, 46, 68, 95, 108; reconstruction of 4; Samothracian Mysteries 9, 147, 174; Septerion 95; shared Ionian- Attic 93, 127, 130, 134; Skira 67, 72;
state-sponsorship of 1, 6, 22, 76, 117, 118, 124, 127, 137, 141, 142, 145, 171, 177; Tainaria 62; Thalysia 72; Thargelia 72, 93; Theodaisia 127, 139-40; Theogamia 81; Theoinia 131; Theoxenia 138; Theseia 207; Thyia 140; Tonaia 33; women's 70-2, 79, 135-7, 141; see also calendar, games
fig 45, 93, 128, 129, 145 figurine see votive offerings and
dedications
fire 8, 26, 54; bonfire 39, 72, 103, 183;
destruction by 27, 52, 80, 111; festival 72, 103, 159; and Hephaistos 159-60; and Hestia 160-1; sacred 50, 88, 159, 161; solstice 72; see also competition (torch race)
first fruits see aparche ?
fleece 16, 204; Golden 16, 29; of Zeus
(Dios ko ? idion) 22, 74
flood 57, 63, 66, 67, 105, 153;
legendary 64, 131
flower 78, 122, 130, 168, 201; hyacinth
29; poppy 125; rose 115; see also
garland
Foce del Sele 37, 38 fig. 3. 2, 40
folk etymology 46, 88, 101, 105 foreigner 177; admitted to mysteries 73;
deity as 104, 109, 124, 126, 177; see
also guest, stranger
foundation deposit, at Delos 112; at
Ephesos 111, 112; at Nemea 26 founder 7, 49, 109, 116, 152, 194, 199;
Agapenor 115; Aiakos 16, 201-2; Anios 201; Apollo 94-5; Argonauts 32, 37; Battos 202; Danaos and Danaids 54; Eteokles 152; Herakles 27, 186-7; heroes 201-2; Hippodameia 36; Iphigeneia 104; Kadmos 119, 156; Kinyras 115; Medeia 34; Melampous 129; Neleus 62, 65; Orestes 104; Perseus 139; Pheidon 36; Pindar 171; Solon 157; Themistokles 171; Theras 53; Theseus 7, 92, 118-19, 207; Triptolemos 76
fox 151
Frazer, James G. 7, 124
fruit 21, 33, 51, 83, 90, 125, 139; as
attribute 30, 37, 44, 125; date 110; fig 45, 145; grape 80, 90, 135, 139; pomegranate 30, 33, 37, 44, 52, 83; see also aparche ?
GENERAL INDEX
290
funeral, of Achilles 206; chapel 202; games 26, 60; ritual and 1, 21; of war dead 157
games, Heraian 36; Herakleian 184; Hermaian 147; Isthmian 59-60; Lykaian 18; Nemean 27; Olympic 24, 27, 36, 95, 117, 120, 187; Panathenaic 46-7; Panhellenic 203; Pythian 95; of Zeus Eleutherios 20; see also competition, funeral (games)
gardens 1, 175; of Adonis 124; and Aphrodite 95, 114, 115, 117, 123; and nymphs 154
Gardens (Athens) 45, 117
garland 31, 97, 99, 115; on cult image
8, 146, 166; forbidden 163; hung in sacred spaces 97, 99, 115, 191; as prize 131; worn in ritual 75, 163; see also crown
gate 6, 46, 111, 184; guardianship of 75, 87, 88, 165, 184, 197
Gela 55, 81; river 82
gender role 157, 161-2; feminine 40, 71,
104, 106, 114, 191; masculine 10, 20, 79, 148, 186, 189-90; subversion and reversal of 71, 72, 79, 83-4, 105, 115-16, 127, 135, 138-9
gender segregation 36; and Ares 156; and Demeter 70, 71, 79; and Dionysos 135-9, 140, 141; and Eileithyia 164-5; and Zeus 18
genitals 117; female 71, 72; male 46, 72, 132, 146, 161; of Ouranos 116; pastry models of 46, 72; see also phallos
Geraistos 61
ghost 22, 131, 166; Achilles as 206; hero
or heroine as 196, 203 Gigantomachy 30, 42, 44, 46
Girard, Rene? 5
girls 18, 40, 48, 91, 122; in chorus 98;
and Dionysiac madness 139; footrace for 36, 108, 191; and Helen 191; as prostitutes 120; swinging of 133; temple service of 10, 35, 45-6, 51-2, 108; transition to adulthood of 101, 106, 108, 113, 154; see also boys, children, rites of passage
goat 153, 154; Amaltheia 24; Aphrodite riding on 117; as attribute 149; herding of 79, 144, 151; and Pan 150, 151; prohibited 185; as sacrifice 59,
88, 92, 102, 104, 111, 132, 137 gold leaves 142
Golden Fleece see fleece
gorgon 80; and aegis 44, 50; mask 89,
90, 105
grove, sacred 97, 190, 202; Aigina 177;
Didyma 96; Kolonos 168, 203; Kourion 97; Olympia 27; Onchestos 64-5; Plataiai 39; Sparta 186; see also sanctuary, tree
guest 23, 24, 161, 190; gifts for 199; see also foreigner, hospitality, stranger
gymnasium 147, 183, 184
Hagno see spring
hair 32, 80, 163, 173; unbound 135; see
also votive offerings and dedications Halai (Lokris) 211n21
Halai Araphenides 104-5
Haliartos 50, 65, 139, 200
Hall, Jonathan M. 4
Harrison, Jane Ellen 7
healing 11; and Amphiaraos 204, 205
fig. 15. 1; and Apollo 86, 97, 98-9, 192-4 passim; and Asklepios 99; and Athena 194; and Deloptes 176; and Herakles 185; and Hygieia 20; and Maniai 168, 192-5; and Paian 86, 99; and Pamisos 153
hearth 1, 104, 146, 159, 160-2, 185 hecatomb see sacrifice
heifer see cow
heirloom objects 19, 142; in cult 89,
128; as votives 54, 98, 112 hekataia 166
hekatompedon 31, 42, 98, 109, 111 Helike 58
Helikon, Mt. 58
Hellespont 177, 205
helot 62
Hephaistia 159, 174
Heraion 9, 30-1, 32, 36 (Argos); 31-2,
37, 98 (Samos), 34-5 (Perachora);
35-7 (Olympia)
Herakleion 183; 186 (Eutresis); 186
(Mantineia); 184 (Marathon); 185
(Thasos)
herald 74, 76, 144, 148
herb 124, 125; asterion 31; pennyroyal
75; used in magic 167
herds 137; multiplication of 29, 30;
sacred 102; Zeus and 29; see also herdsmen
GENERAL INDEX
291
herdsmen 70, 147, 165; Apollo and 91, 96, 153; of Arkadia 79, 144; Hermes and 147-9, 153 passim; Pan and 151; see also herds
herm 144-7 passim, 149, 155, 166; of Aphrodite 117; mutilation of 146
Hermione 78-9, 125, 158, 165
hero ? s theos 183
hestia 161
hestiatorion 8; see also dining, dining
room, sacrifice
hetaira see prostitution
hiera 74, 75, 76
hierodule see prostitution ("sacred") Hierokepia (Paphos) 115 Hierophant see priests and male cult
officials
Hippokratic school 11; oath of 192 Hippolyteion (Athens) 123 Hipponion 85, 142
Hittites 15, 49, 86, 88, 89, 109, 110;
see also Near East
homicide 138-9; Erinyes and 167-8;
Oedipus and 93; Orestes and 130, 168; pollution from 22, 48, 130; trials for 48, 130, 168; victims of 34, 181, 198, 203
homoeroticism, and Herakles 183; and Hermes 147-8; at Kabirion 173; and Pan 151
honey 139; offerings of 12, 62, 80, 163, 168, 204
hoplite 54, 88, 106, 157; see also warrior
horos 8; see also boundary
horse 22, 52, 81, 190; and Athena 55; as
attribute 30, 37, 189-90; and Demeter 67, 80; and Hippolytos 123; and Poseidon 55, 58, 64-7 passim, 79, 80, 123; as sacrifice 102, 152, 212n21; taming 41, 55, 58, 189; training 7, 55; trappings 54, 59, 98; Trojan 149; see also competition (equestrian), votive offerings and dedications
hospitality 120, 199; toward gods 75, 126, 129, 138, 155, 190-1; toward humans 130, 161, 190; Zeus and 23, 24
hunter-gatherers 5, 19, 101, 108 hunting 5, 19, 52; and Artemis 101-2;
and Bendis 176; and Dioskouroi 189; and Hermes 148; and Pan 151; and
rites of passage 18, 108, 148, 151;
and subsistence 79; and warriors 102 Hyampolis 59, 103
Hymettos, Mt. 16
hymn 5, 7, 98; to Ammon 175; and
Apollo 86, 91; to Asklepios 99, 193; to Athena 53; to Demeter and Kore/ Persephone 79; to Dionysos 126, 138, 139, 141; to Dioskouroi 189; dithyramb 126; to Eileithyia 164; to Hephaistos 160; to Herakles 185; nome 95; of Olen 164; paian 91, 99, 138; to Phales 133; to Thetis 205; to Zeus 25
Ida, Mt. 25, 159, 171, 187 (Krete); 171 (Troad)
identity, Athenian 74, 126, 132; civic 126, 132, 196, 199; of deities 3, 40, 55, 83, 102, 126, 151, 172; ethnic 3, 17, 57-8, 90, 199, 200; Greek 206; local 153; personal 12; Phokian 104; tribal 199
Ikarion 133-4, 134 fig. 10. 1
Ilion, New see Troy
Ilissos river 22, 48, 74, 102, 117, 184 illegitimate birth 21, 119, 184
illness 151, 168, 203; see also healing,
plague
Inachos river 48, 152
incense 8, 87, 146; and Aphrodite 114,
115, 120, 121; burner 43, 181 incubation 192, 193, 194, 204, 205 fig.
15. 1
Indo-European origin 10, 11; of
Aphrodite 114; of Dioskouroi 189; of Helios 158; of nymphs 153; of Poseidon 61, 65; of spring fire festivals 103; of trident 61; of Zeus 15
infant 84 fig. 6. 2, 178; acceptance into family of 1, 161; Dionysos as 139, 188; Erichthonios as 46; mainads and 137, 138, 188; mortality 35, 130; Poseidon as 66; Sosipolis as 164; Zeus as 25; see also kourotrophic role
initiation into adulthood see rites of passage
initiation into mysteries see mysteries inventory 8-9; of Akropolis temples
43-4; of Aphaia temple 178; of Brauron 107-8, of Damia and Auxesia temple 181; of Delian temples 112, 164
GENERAL INDEX
292
Iolkos 62, 65
Ionians 72; and Aphrodite 118, 119;
and Apollo 88, 92-3, 96; and Artemis 108-13; and Athena 49-50; and Dionysos 127, 130, 132, 134-5, 139; and Hera 9, 31-3; homeland of 58; and Kybele 170-1; migration of 45, 58, 66, 93, 130; and month names 6, 45, 93; and pharmakos 231n18; and Poseidon 58-9; religious centers of 58-9, 92; tribes of 199
Ismenion (Thebes) 96, 98 Ismenos river 98
Isthmia 9, 58, 59-60, 68 Isthmian games see games Isthmos 60, 188
Isyllos, paian of 99
Italy 136 fig. 10. 2; and Aphrodite 51,
119, 121-2; and Demeter and Kore/ Persephone 69, 82, 83-5, 122; and Dionysos 141, 142; and Helen 180; and Hera 20, 37-8; and Herakles 187, 220; and Polites 203; and Poseidon 60-1
Itoneion (Koroneia) 50 ivy 128, 135, 142
jewelry 45, 111, 114, 117, 153; see also votive offerings and dedications
justice 57, 179; and Athena 55; and Zeus 19, 23, 25; see also homicide, law
Kabirion (Thebes) 150n11. 1, 172n13. 1, 172-3
Kadmeia (Thebes) 69, 70, 140, 141 Kalapodi see Hyampolis
Kalaureia 61, 63, 64
Kallichoron (Eleusis) 75
Kalydon 52, 102
Kanathos (spring) 31
kantharos 78, 128, 129, 133, 198 Karia 32, 33, 63, 96, 166
Karians 32, 33, 96, 165
Kato Symi 116, 148, 151, 155 Keos 16, 119, 128
Kephisodotos 152
kernos 75
Kerykeion, Mt. 148
kiln 37; and Hephaistos 159; and
Poseidon 60, 61 fig. 5. 1 Kimon 146, 175, 207
King Archon see archo ? n basileus
GENERAL INDEX
king 61, 63, 65, 75, 96, 161, 162, 201, 202; Argive 36, 139; Arkadian 18, 115; and Athena 41, 45, 48, 67; Athenian 45, 48, 67, 73, 116, 159, 199; Cypriot 115; Elean 36; Ephesian 111; Lydian 49, 96; Megarian 188; Messenian 62, 153, 190; piety of 16, 202; Poseidon as 63; Spartan 21, 53, 95, 186, 189, 191, 198, 200; Theban 98, 202; Thessalian 16, 65; and Zeus 16, 18; see also Alexander the Great, archo ? n basileus, kingship
kingship, dual 189; and hearth 161; and Hekate 165; Near Eastern 115 succession to 139, 186; symbol of 19, 61; and Zeus 15, 19
Kissousa (spring) 139
Kithairon, Mt. 39, 137, 140 Kleisthenes 199
Knidos 71, 123
Knossos, and Apollo 86; and Ares 157;
and Athena 41; and Eileithyia 163; and Enyalios 157; and Erinys 167; and Hera 39; and Poseidon 57; and Zeus 24
knucklebones 145, 154, 194 Kolonos 55, 168, 200, 202 Kolophon 49, 50, 171 ko ? mos 133
Korinth 29, 36; and Aphrodite 116, 119-21, 125; and Asklepios 192, 195; and Athena 55; and Demeter and Kore/Persephone 70, 76-8; and Dionysos 141; and Helios 158; and Hera 34-5; and Poseidon 59-60
Korykian cave 138, 154
Kos 23, 186, 192,
kosme ? sis 45,
kosmos 46, 51, 111
Kotilion, Mt. 99
Kourion 97, 100
kouros, Apollo as 95; pose of 92; Zeus
as 25; see also votive offerings and
dedications
kourotrophic role, of Aphaia 178;
Apolline triad 152; Apollo 86; Artemis 105-8; Bes 187; Eileithyia 152, 164-5; Enodia 167; Hekate 165; Hera 30; Herakles 187; Hermes 148; Ino-Leukothea 188; Kourotrophos 47; Melqart 187; nymphs 152, Persephone 83, 84, 122; rivers 152
Krete 49, 81, 197, 207; and Aphrodite 293
116; and Apollo 88-9, 89 fig. 7. 2, 92, 111; and Ares 116; and Britomartis 177-8; and Diktynna 177-8; and Dionysos 139, 142; and Eileithyia 163-4, 165; and Herakles 186, 187; and Hermes 116, 148; and Meter 171; and Zeus 24-6, 171, 187
Kroisos 96, 98, 111
Kronos, Hill of (Olympia) 27, 164 Kroton 37-8, 190
kukeo ? n 75
Kyllene, Mt. 144-5, 147, 148 Kynortion, Mt. 98, 99, 192 Kynosarges (Athens) 184 Kypselos, chest of 36
Kyrene 55; and Ammon 175; and
Apollo 88, 91; and Battos 202; and
Dionysos 139; and Zeus 23, 175 Kythera 116, 119
Kyzikos 130, 171
Labraunda 110
ladder, as symbol 116-7
Ladon river 80
Lagina 165
Lakonia 153, 197; and Artemis 106; and
Athena 52; and Diktynna 178; and Dioskouroi 189-90; and Eileithyia 164; and Enyalios 157; and Helen 191; and Helios 158; and heroes 198; and Ino-Leukothea 188; and Poseidon 62
lamentation see mourning
Laphrion (Kalydon) 102
Lasos of Hermione 79
laurel, garlands of 87, 95, 99; grove of
96; in procession 39, 97, 98; purifying powers of 96, 97; and Pythia 94; rod of 96
law 55, 167, 198, 200; divine 22, 70, 179; purity 11, 13, 22, 152; sacred 11, 13, 22, 47, 62, 65, 70, 76, 88, 131, 163, 185; of Solon 24, 76
leagues and federations 57, 89, 94; Achaian 37; of Aigina 178; of Athena Pallenis 47; Ionian 58; Italian 37; of Kalaureia 63; see also amphictyony
Lebadeia 204
lekuthos 135, 206
Lemnos 159, 173-4
libation 5, 63, 130, 133, 150, 161, 185,
191; blood 91, 196; bowls for 44, 180; honey 12, 168; milk 12, 168; oil
80; receptacles for 82; at symposia 20; at tomb 149, 196; water 12, 76, 132; at weddings 84, 122; wine 131, 132; wineless 12
Libya 26, 175, 202
lightning 27, 192; as omen 28, 140, 186;
thunderbolt 15, 17 fig. 2. 1, 24, 28,
140, 159
liknon 77
Limnaion 131-2 (Athens); 105 (Sparta) Lindian Chronicle 54-5
Lindos 54-5
Linear B 6; Ares in 157; Athena in 41;
Dionysos in 126; Eileithyia in 163-4; Enyalios in 157; Erinys in 167; Hera in 29; Hermes in 144; Paian in 86, 99; Poseidon in 57, 62, 67; Zeus in 15
lion 59, 97, 101, 106, 138, 170 Lokrian maidens 51-2
Lokris 51-2, 61, 113, 211n21
Lokroi Epizephyrioi 83-5, 121-2, 125,
190, 203
luck, bad 28, 45; good 23, 33, 90, 144,
147; and Hermes 145-6 Ludovisi throne 121, 122 fig. 9. 2 lugos 32-3, 214n10
lycanthropy 18
Lydia 49, 111, 121, 170, 183; and
Kroisos 96, 98
Lykaion, Mt. 17, 17 fig 2. 1, 99, 151 Lykosoura 67, 80-1
lyre 43, 86, 95, 162
madness, cured by Melampous 139; from Dionysos 126, 127, 135, 138; from Hera 217n28; of Orestes 168; from Ortheia 105; and Pan 152; and pollution 11; telestic 142
magic 1, 201; deities and 166, 187; practitioners of 159, 167; see also curse
Magna Graecia see Italy
Magnesia on the Maiandros 137 magnet 174
mainads 127-8, 135-40, 142
Malkin, Irad 4, 100
Mannella hill 83, 122
Mannhardt, Wilhelm 7
Mantineia 66, 157, 186
mantis 27; see also prophets and seers Marathon, battle at 90, 102, 151, 200;
and Acheloo? s 153, and Herakles 184; and Pan 151
GENERAL INDEX
294
Marathonian Tetrapolis 158 marriage, analogous with death 83-4;
and Aphrodite 114, 125; and Apollo 86; and Artemis 101, 106, 113, 166; and Demeter and Kore/Persephone 69, 81, 83-4; and Hekate 166; and Hera 29, 36, 38-40; and nymphs 154; preparation for 83, 101, 106, 113, 124, 125; sacred 39, 127, 130, 131; Spartan 190; weddings 39, 84, 125, 191, 203
Marseilles 101, 112
marsh 31, 102, 105, 106, 109, 131, 162,
197
masculinity 130, 162, and Herakles 183;
see also gender role
mask, of Acheloo? s 134, 153; as cult
object 129; dancer wearing 81, 105; and Dionysos 129, 135, 136 fig. 10. 2, 147; gorgon 89, 90; see also votive offerings and dedications
Massilia see Marseilles
Master of Animals 151
matrilineal system 83
Megalopolis 100, 145, 168
Megara 83, 119, 188, 221n11 megaron, as cult structure 70, 71, 80-1;
as ruler's dwelling 49
Megaron B (Eleusis) 73, 75; (Thermon)
89
Melite 185
mercenary 22, 111; and Ares 156;
Arkadian 17, 99, 156 Mesopotamia 120, 124
Messapeai 21
Messenia 197; and Artemis 106; and
Asklepios 192; and daughters of Leukippos 190; and Demeter 79; and Dioskouroi 190; and Pamisos 152-3; and Poseidon 62-3; and Zeus 21
metalworking, and Aphrodite 115; and Athena 41, 52; and Daktyls 187; and Hephaistos 115, 159; and Kabeiroi 174; sacralization of 159
metic 132, 177; see also foreigner Metroo? n (Athens) 171; (Olympia) 27 Meuli, Karl 5, 19
Miletos, and Achilles 206; and Apollo
49, 88, 96-7; and Athena 49; and Dionysos 130; and Hekate 165; and Leukothea 188
Miltiades 70
Minoans, and Athena 41; and
Britomartis 177; and Diktynna 177; and Dionysos 128; and Hyakinthos 91; and Kybele 170; sanctuaries of 25, 39, 116, 128, 148, 164; settlements of 25, 49, 163; and Zeus 24
Minyans 65, 162
miracles 11, 16, 66, 79, 80, 99, 200; of
Aphrodite 123; Dionysiac 135, 139-40, of Dioskouroi 190; of Helen 191
Mistress of Animals 101, 102, 106, 113 mockery 217n28; in Anthesteria 135; in cult of Damia and Auxesia 181; in
Lenaia 135; in Thesmophoria 71 Molourian rock (Megara) 188 month names, Agrianios/Agrionios 6,
138; Anthesterion 6, 72, 74, 130-2; Azesios 180; Boedromion 73, 74; Diktynnaios 178; Diwos 15; Elaphebolion 132; Gamelion 38, 134; Hekatombaion 45, 46; Hippodromios 64; Hyakinthios 91; Karneios 6; Lenaion 134; Maimakterion 47; Metageitnion 70; Plynterion 45; Poseideion/Posideion 6, 58, 72, 133 164; Pyanopsion 72, 207; Skirophorion 45, 47, 72; Thargelion 45, 93; Themistios 179; Theodaisios 139
moon 6, 128, 166
motherhood 152; of Alkmene 200; of
Aphrodite 114; and Artemis 101, 107-8, 109, 111; of Demeter 69, 75; of Eileithyia 164; of Eos 206 as goal for women 38; of Hera 29, 38; of Ino- Leukothea 60, 188; and Kybele/Meter 170-1; of Leda 180; of Medeia 34-5; of Nemesis 180; of Persephone 142; and punishment of children 165, 167; and Rhea 24-5, 66, 171, 187; see also childbirth, kourotrophic role
mountains, and Arkadian landscape 79, 144; and Artemis 109; and Diktynna 178; and Hera 39; and Herakles 183; and Hermes 144, 148; and Kybele/ Meter 109, 170; and mainads 135, 138; and nymphs 153; and Pan 151; and Poseidon 58, 66; processions/ dances on 25, 137-8, 140-1; and Rhea 24-5, 171; sacred 24-5, 99, 151; sacrifices on 16, 18, 39, 138; sanctuaries on 15-18, 24-5, 93-5, 98, 192, 201; and Zeus 15-18, 25, 201
GENERAL INDEX
295
mourning 163, 198; for Adonis 124; for Aglauros 45; for Hyakinthos 91, 198; for Hyperborean maidens 113; for Kore/Persephone 75; and laments/ thre ? noi 35, 124, 188; for Leukothea 188; for Medeia's children 35; see also funeral
mue ? sis 10, 74
murder see homicide
Murray, Gilbert 7
music 163; and Apollo 86; and Dionysos
126; and Kybele 126, 171; see also chorus, competition (musical), dance, hymn
Mycenae 41, 198
Mycenaean period, continuity from 25,
30, 40, 41, 73, 98, 103-4, 128, 178; motifs of 106; objects dated to 52, 64, 73, 109, 112, 178; see also Bronze Age, Linear B, Mycenaeans
Mycenaeans 115, 164, 183; calendars of 6; civilization of 89; gods of 24, 57, 64, 65, 67, 99, 144; goddesses of 29, 41, 65, 80, 101, 104, 112, 114, 115, 167; religion of 19, 39; sanctuaries of 64, 129; settlements of 30, 49, 93, 162; structures built by 41, 73, 75, 104, 112; tombs of 92, 113; and trade 114; see also Bronze Age, Linear B, Mycenaean period
Mykale, Mt. 58
Mykonos 58, 63
myrtle 75, 87; and Aphrodite 114, 123,
124
mysteries 9-10, 204; of Charites 163; of
Despoina 79; Dionysiac 126, 127, 137, 142, Eleusinian 73-6; Kabeiric 172-4, 173 fig. 13. 1; Orphic/Bakchic 126, 141, 142; of Rhea and Zeus 25; Samothracian 174
names, divine 65, 67, 119, 126; alternative 48, 75, 92, 116, 157, 165, 166, 177; dual 188; eponyms 31, 41; etymology of 124 (Adonis), 52 (Alea), 86 (Apollo), 101 (Artemis), 193 (Asklepios), 41 (Athena), 180 (Auxesia), 177 (Britomartis), 69 (Demeter), 193 (Epione), 167 (Erinys), 158 (Helios), 29 (Hera), 144 (Hermes), 160 (Hestia), 172 (Kabeiroi), 170 (Kybele), 180 (Nemesis), 105 (Ortheia), 57
(Poseidon), 179 (Themis), 15 (Zeus); gendered variants of 26, 57, 62, 115; local variation of 69, 83, 109, 151, 164, 177, 178, 180; non-Greek 69, 91, 124, 159, 164, 174; secret 66, 79, 172, 174; see also euphemism, folk etymology, month names
names, personal 199; on dedications 44, 107, 111, 112, 141, 152; eponyms 27, 53, 95, 199-200; etymology of 145 (Aipytos), 202 (Battos), 183 (Herakles), 123 (Hippolytos), 107 (Iphigeneia), 145 (Polymele); non- Greek 61, theophoric 152, 165, 179
na?
os see temple
Naukratis 123
Naupaktos 102, 125
Naxos 127, 128-9, 140
Near East 101; and child-sacrifice 15;
and cultural exchange 92, 114; cult statues in 110, 111, 169; deities of 15, 41, 86, 88, 115, 116, 117, 124; epic poetry of 144; iconography of 91; kingship in 115; "sacred prostitution" in 119-20; sacred stones of 87, 162; smiting gods of 86, 89; see also Hittites, Phoenicians
Neda river 67, 80
Nemea 15, 26-7 Nemean games see games Neolithic period 69, 163 neo ? s see temple
New Year 25, 45
Nilsson, Martin P. 7
nudity 121, 163; of Aphrodite 123;
Apollo 88, 96; Charites 163; children and youths 108, 130, 153; Dionysos 130; Dioskouroi 190; Hermes 148; kouroi 95
numphe ? 154 nympholepsy 154-5 Nysa 135, 139
oak, and Artemis 109; and Hekate 166; and Hera 39; and Zeus 18, 26
oath 134, 189; for athletes 24; deities of 24, 158, 161, 167-8; ephebic 157, 163; for gerarai 131; Hippokratic 192; for homicide trials 168; for judges 24; and treaties 24, 177
O'Brien, Joan V. 33, 40 oiniste ? ria 185
Oita, Mt. 183
GENERAL INDEX
296
Olbia 97, 100, 141, 198, 206, 217n14 Olen of Lykia 164
olive 98, 99, 201; and Athena 42, 43,
46, 67; crown of 36; and Damia and
Auxesia 181; statue of 42, 43, 46, 181 olive oil 21, 59, 80, 115, 201; cult
objects anointed with 8, 87, 146 Olous 116, 139, 177
Olympia 59, 93, 112; and Ammon 175;
and Artemis 107; and Eileithyia 164-5; and Hera 31, 35-7; and Herakles 187; and Hermes 144-5; and Hestia 161; and rivers 153; and Zeus 15, 24, 26-8, 161, 162, 175
Olympian deities 15, 158, 159, 187, 197; absorb earlier cults 35, 67, 91, 165, 170, 178, 107, 165; anomalous 126, 139, 161; companions of 153, 162; as family 20, 171; hegemony of 157; libation for 20; sanctuaries and 144; as scholarly category 11-12, 184; state sponsorship of 118
Olympic games see games Olympos, Mt. 15, 28, 40, 166 omen see divination omophagy 137
Onchestos 64-5
oracle 13, 35, 58, 104, 112, 118, 132,
145, 203; at Abai 96; Argos 95, 96; Delphi (see Delphic oracle); Didyma 96-7; Dodona 26, 153, 176, 205; Lebadeia 204; Marathonian Tetrapolis 158; Mt. Ptoion 95-6; Olympia 26, 27, 28, 93; Oropos 204; Phares 145-6; Siwa 26, 175-6; Tainaron 57, 62-3; Thebes 96, 98, 204; see also divination
Orchomenos 66 (Arkadia); 138, 162 (Boiotia)
Oropos 162, 204
Orphism 82, 83, 97, 141-3
Ortygia (Ephesos) 110; (Syracuse) 107 ox 30, 64, 139, 160; as sacrifice 19, 30,
160; see also bull, cow
Paestum 37, 40; as Poseidonia 60 Palaikastro 25
Palladion (Athens) 48
Palladion (statue) 48, 50, 200 Pamisos river 152-3
Panhellenic cult and myth 127; and Acheloo? s 153; and Asklepios 192; and Demeter 76, 80; and Dioskouroi
189-90; and Eileithyia 163; and Erinyes 167; and Hekate 165; and Helen 180, and Hephaistos 159; and Herakles 183; and Hermes 144; and Pan 150; see also festivals and sacred days, Panhellenism
Panhellenism 2, 3, 53; of Homer 30, 156; and Poseidon 57, 67; resistance to 170, 179-80
Panionion 58
pantheon 1, 2-4, 86, 114; of Anatolia
109, Athenian 159; civic 167, 170; of colonies 81; early Greek 179; Egyptian 175; evolution of 3, 170, 203; Karian 165; local 2-4, 156, 159, 170, 179; of Lokroi Epizephyrioi 83; Minoan 24; Panhellenic 159, 165; Phrygian 170; Rhodian 158; Thessalian 166, 179; of Western Greeks 69, 81; Zeus in 15, 175
Paphos 114-5, 116, 117, 123, 162 parasite 47, 184, 191, 211n17 Parnassos, Mt. 93, 138
Parnes, Mt. 16
Paros 45, 185; and Archilochus 207; and Charites 163; and Demeter and Kore/Persephone 70; and Dionysos 129-30; and Eileithyia 164
Parthenon (Athens) 41, 99; Artemis on 103 fig. 8. 1; cult statue in 42, 43 fig. 4. 1; frieze of 46; inventory of 43-4; predecessors of 42; river gods on 153
pastoralism see herds, herdsmen Patrai 102-3
patriarchy 11, 20, 107
Paul of Tarsos 109
Pausanias, Spartan general 53 pederasty see homoeroticism Peiraieus 87 fig. 7. 1; and Asklepios
194-5; and Bendis 177; and Demeter and Kore/Persephone 74; and Zeus 20, 23 fig. 2. 2
Pelasgians 64, 147, 173
Pelion, Mt. 16, 205
Pelopion (Olympia) 27
Peloponnese 9, 17, 200; and Apollo 90,
99; and Ares 156-7; and Artemis 106; and Athena 52; and Damia and Auxesia 180; and Demeter and Kore/ Persephone 79; and Dionysos 135; and Dioskouroi 189; Dorians in 29, 79, 90-1; and Eileithyia 164; and
GENERAL INDEX
297
Enyalios 156-7; and Eumenides 168; and Helios 158; and Hera 29; and Herakles 186; and Hermes 144, 148; and Pelops 27; and Zeus 24, 27
Peneios river 66
Pentelikon, Mt. 133
Penteskouphia 60, 61 fig. 5. 1
peplos 45-7, 56, 211n14
Perachora 31, 32 fig. 3. 1, 34-5, 40, 78 Perikles 42, 68
personification, Akeso 193; Ares 156;
Charites 162; Deima 35; Dike 23, 179; Eirene 179; Epione 193; Eros 46, 117, 122, 162, 164; Eunomia 179; Harmonia 119, 156; Hebe 31, 184; Hephaistos 159; Horai 36, 163, 179; Hygieia 193; Iakchos 75; Iaso 193; Moirai 24, 179; nature gods 152-5; Nemesis 179-80; Panakeia 193; Phales 133; Ploutos 194; Themis 179; Tyche 179
Petsophas, Mt. 25
Phaiakians 150, 199
Phaleron 47, 48, 74, 207
phallos 117, 147, 149; as cult image
129; and fatherhood 21; processions with 129-30, 132, 133; and Samothracian mysteries 174; and women's cults 46, 71, 72, 212n9; see also herm
Phares 145-6
pharmakos see scapegoat
Pheneos 144, 147
Phigaleia 67, 80
Philippides 151
Phoenicia, 34, 124; see also Near East,
Phoenicians
Phoenicians 34; and Adonis 124; and
Aphrodite 115-16, 123-4; cultural influence of 49, 98, 105, 114, 115-16, 123-4, 119, 185, 187; and Herakles 183, 185, 187; see also Near East, Phoenicia
Phoibaion (Therapne) 190
Phokaia 50, 112, 170
Phokis 96, 103-4, 178
phratry 21, 48, 50, 55
Phrygia 177; and Dionysos 126; and
Kybele 126, 170-1
physician 11, 192-3; as hero 194 pig 147; prohibited 185; and
purification 11, 22, 74, 133, 204; in rites of Demeter and Kore/Persephone
70-1, 74, 76, 77, 82, 83; as sacrifice
22, 59, 74, 76, 111, 195; see also boar pinax, from Epidauros 194; Lokroi
Epizephyrioi 83-5, 84 fig. 6. 2, 122; Penteskouphia 60-1, 61 fig. 5. 1; Saftulis cave 153
pine 33, 128; branch 71; crown 60; cult image 141
Pisa 28, 36
plague 51, 94, 108, 133, 194; aversion
of 88, 99, 108, 148, 185; sender of 76,
88, 96, 99
plane (tree) 128, 186; cult image in 137;
and Helen 191
Planes, the (Sparta) 186, 191
Plataiai 39; battle at 20, 149, 190
Pnyx 71
poetry 86, 129, 156, 162; compared and
contrasted with cult 57, 87, 114, 129, 156, 157, 159; see also drama, epic poetry
polemarchos see priests and male cult personnel
polis 3, 9, 10, 89, 170; and Aphrodite 118-19; and Apollo 88; and Athena 41, 49-50, 53, 55; emergent 9, 10, 27, 73, 161, 197; and Erinyes 167; and heroes 196-7, 199, 206-7; and Hestia 156, 161; and Poseidon 55; religious authority of 12-13; synoecism of 53, 145, 157, 207; territory of 9, 106, 113; and Zeus 15, 19
pollution 10-11, 48, 74; death and 10-11, 53, 63, 161; of Oedipus 203; of Orestes 130; and scapegoats 52; sex and 10-11, 131, 161; see also purification, purity
polos 49, 109, 125
polytheism 11, 12
pomegranate see fruit
pompe ? see procession
popular religion 2, 7; and Adonis 124;
and Aphrodite 114, 117; and Asklepios 193-4; and Dionysos 126, 129-31, 133; and Dioskouroi 190-1; and Hekate 166; and Herakles 183, 185, 187; and Hermes 145, 146; and heroes 203; and Kybele/Meter 170-1; and nymphs 153-5; and Pan 151-2; and personifications 179; and rivers 152-3; and Zeus 23-4, 176
Poseidonia (Lucania) see Paestum; (Peloponnese) see Trozen
GENERAL INDEX
298
possession, divine 94, 126, 152, 154-5 Potniai 71
prayer 5, 7, 64, 125, 145, 177, 179, 196;
before battle 121; for child's welfare 107, 152, 167; of council members 55; for dead 149; for female concerns 107; against flood 63; for husbands 125; of mariners 60, 123, 188; of Pheidias 28; of physicians 192; for rain 16, 201; before sleep 150; and vows 9, 120, 121, 152
Predio Sola 82
Priene 50, 58, 71, 130
priestesses and female cult personnel,
Admete 32-3; Aglauros 45; of Amphiaraos 204; of Aphrodite 121, 125; of Apollo 94; archousai 71; Aristarche 112; arrhe ? phoroi 10, 45-6, 47; of Artemis 102, 104, 105, 107, 112; of Athena 10, 42, 44, 45-6, 47, 48, 50, 51-2, 74; basilinna 131; of Demeter and Kore/Persephone 71, 74, 78; of Dionysos 127-8, 131, 135-40, 138, 141, 142; of Eileithyia 165; gerarai 131; of Hera 30-1, 32-3, 36; Iodama 50; Iphigeneia as 104, 107; kano ? phoros 132; kleidouchoi/ Keyholders 30; Lokrian Maidens 51-2; lotrocho ? oi 48; mainads 127-8, 135-40, 142; of Nemesis 180; of Poseidon 63; Pythia see prophets and seers; of Semnai Theai 168; Sixteen Women 36; of Themis 180; Thyiads 138, 141, 142; of Zeus 26; see also priestly families
priesthoods 81, 139, 178; controlled by polis 13; Eleusinian 74; and reckoning of years 66, 132, 178; see also priestly families
priestly families 13; Bouzygai 48; Branchidai 13, 96-7; Deinomenids 81; Eteoboutadai 42; Eumolpidai 13, 73-4; Gephyraioi 48; Hesychidai 168; Iamidai 27; Kerykes 13, 67, 74; Klytiadai 27; Praxiergidai 45, Salaminioi 47; see also priesthoods
priests and male cult personnel 6 fig. 1. 1, 13 fig. 1. 2, 78; Aiakos 16, 201; of Ammon 175; Anios 201; of Aphaia 178; of Aphrodite 115; of Apollo 88, 94, 96, 98; archo ? n basileus/King Archon 47, 130, 131, 132, 134; archontes 47; of Athena 47;
Bouphonos 19; Dadouchos 74; of Demeter and Kore/Persephone 74, 76; Demosthenes 168; of Dionysos 138, 140; eponymous archon 132; of Helios 67; of Herakles 185; Hierophant 74, 76; hieropoioi 47, 108, 168; of Hippolytos 124; of Kabeiric mysteries 174; Karneatai 90; Keryx 74; of Matar 171; Megabyzos 11; me ? tragurtai 171; Molpoi 96, 97; nothoi as 184; Plutarch 138; polemarchos 102, 119; of Poseidon 42, 58, 66, 67; Pythioi 95; Selloi 26; of Skamandros 152; staphulodromoi 90; tamiai 43; Telines 81; theo ? roi 93, 185; of Zeus 19, 26; Zoilos 139; see also priestly families, prophets and seers
private cult 112, 130-1, 146, 149, 167; of Aphrodite 114; of Bendis 177, of Dioskouroi 191; of Herakles 185; of Kybele/Meter 171; and mysteries 126, 141; see also domestic cult, thiasos
procession 5, 6-7, 92, 148; for Aiakos 201; for Apollo 88, 91, 93, 95, 96, 97-8, 99; for Artemis 102-3, 111; for Asklepios 99; for Athena 45, 46-7, 48, 54; for Bendis 177; with cereals 93; and citizenship 46, 132, 177; with cult statue 6, 111, 132, 141; for Demeter and Kore/Persephone 70, 74, 75, 78-9; for Dionysos 111, 129-30, 131, 132-3, 134, 138, 141; of ephebes 102; to extraurban sanctuary 30, 67, 75, 88, 91, 93, 96, 102; with fig cake 45; with fleece 22; with flowers 78, 201; with heifers 78-9; for Hera 30, 39; with hiera 74, 75; with laurel 95, 97-8, 99; and marriage 39, 84; and mockery 135; with Palladion 48; Panathenaic 46; with phalloi 129-30, 132, 133; with sacred log 39, 98; and sacred marriage 131; sacred roads for 46, 74, 96, 202; for Semnai Theai 168; with ship 47, 111, 130; in Thesmophoria 70; torchlight 25, 132, 138, 141, 168; of warriors 54; for Zeus 22, 25
prophets and seers 22; Amphiaraos 203-4; and Apollo 86, 94, 96, 98, 137, 141, 157, 202; Dionysiac 139, 142; families of 27, 96; Gaia 157; itinerant 142; Medeia 175;
GENERAL INDEX
299
Melampous 139; and nymphs 154; Olen 164; Pythia 63, 94, 137, 141, 202; Selloi 26; Teneros 98; Themis 179; and trance 94, 96; Trophonios 203-4; of Zeus 26, 27
propitiation 35; of Aiakos 201; of Alkmene and Aleus 200; of Amphiaraos 204; of Artemis 7, 104, 108; of Demeter 80; of Erigone 133; of Erinyes/Semnai Theai 167, 168; of Polites 203, of Poseidon 59; of powerful dead 197, 203, 204; of Zeus 21, 22; see also Delphic oracle
prosperity 23; and Ares 156; and Artemis 106, 111; and Charites 162, 163; and chthonians 11; and Demeter and Kore/Persephone 69, 71; and Hekate 165; and Hera 30, 33; and Hermes 145, 147; and heroes 200, 202; and log processions 98; and oracles 26; and sacred marriage 127; and Zeus 21-2
prostitution 71, 117, 124, 166; hetaira 120-1; "sacred" 2, 51, 119-21, 125
proteleia 83
prutaneion 6, 161, 165
Ptoion, Mt. 95
purification 1, 5, 10-11, 13; and Aiora
133; and Apollo 86, 94-9 passim; and Athena 45, 48; and bathing 11, 31, 74; before entering sanctuary 10, 59; and cult statues 33, 45, 48, 118; of Delos 92, 201; and fire 159; and Fleece of Zeus 22, 74; and Hera 31, 33; and Hermes 148; after intercourse 11, 80; after killing 22-3, 95; and laurel 96, 97-8; and mysteries 74, 127, 142; and sacrifice 118, 166, 204 (see also pig); during Thargelion 45, 93; and Zeus 22-3, 24, 27, 28; see also law, pollution, purity, scapegoat
purity 10-11, 21, 93, 196; of altar 115; and Demeter and Kore/Persephone 70, 71, 74, 80; of diet 137; and Dionysos 131, 137; of hearth 160-1; and mysteries 25, 137; of rivers and springs 18, 152
pursuit 79, 167; Dionysiac 139, 140, 188
Pylos, and Artemis 101; and Dionysos 126; and Hera 29; and Poseidon 57, 62, 65; and Zeus 29
Pythagoras 25
GENERAL INDEX
Pythagoreanism 97
Pythia see prophets and seers Pythian games see games Pythion (Athens) 93, 95
rain 15-16, 17-18, 72, 152, 201
ram 81; and Aphrodite 117; and Apollo
90-1; golden 16; and Hermes 145, 148; as sacrifice 13 fig. 1. 2, 16, 22, 27, 74, 152, 158, 168, 204
rape, and Artemis 106-7; of Demeter 79-80; attempt by Hephaistos 159; of Kore/Persephone 71, 166; of Leukippides 190; of Nemesis 180, by Polites 203
relics, heroic 196, 200; of Aiakos 202; Alkmene 200; Oedipus 202; Orestes 200; Pelops 207; Teisamenos 200; Theseus 207; see also tomb
revenant see ghost
Rhamnous 179-80, 192
Rharian plain 72, 75
Rhodes 49, 54, 81; and Athena 54-5;
and Dionysos 139; and Helios 158-9; and Herakles 186; and Poseidon 60, 212n17; and Telchines 159
rites of passage 1, 9-10, 125; and Aphaia 178; and arrhe ? phoroi 10, 46; and Artemis 101, 105, 108, 113, 215n21; and Athena 10, 46; Brauronia 108, 113, 215n21; and children of Medeia 35; Choes 130; and citizenship 10; and contests or trials 18, 105, 108, 157, 198; and dance 105, 106; and Dionysos 130; Dorian 148; and Enyalios 157; hair offerings in 35, 113, 124, 152, 178, 187; and Helen 191; and Hera 35; and Herakles 183, 191; and Hermes 148; and Hippolytos 124; and Hyperboreans 113; and Iolaos 183, 187; and Lokrian Maidens 52; and lycanthropy 18; and nymphs 154; and Pan 151; pederastic 148, 151, 183; and Persephone 83; and Perseus 198; and rivers 152, 153; symbolic death in 10, 15; and Zeus 15, 18; see also children, boys, girls, marriage
ritual 4-8; definitions of 7-8; relation with myth 7-8; see also dance, chorus, festivals and sacred days, procession, purification, rites of passage, sacrifice
rivers, as deities 12, 31, 107, 152-3, 300
158, 162; and Artemis 102, 107; and Poseidon 64, 66; purification in 48, 74, 80; see also individual rivers by name
rock formation 76; at Eleusis 75, 76; Samothrace 174; Thasos 185; Thebes 172; Therapne 191; see also cave
Rome 48, 52, 194
Sacred Way 46, 74 (Athens); 96 (Miletos)
sacrifice 1, 5, 6, 11, 193 fig. 14. 1; and anxiety 5, 19; enagismos 12, 35, 168; of finger 168; fireless 54; and food distribution 5, 18, 21, 36, 46, 147, 177, 185-6, 196-7; of hecatombs 27, 30, 45, 152, 177; holocaust 186, 196, 103; human 2, 15, 16, 17-18, 35, 51, 67, 104, 108, 137, 166, 209n6; by immersion 152, 212n21; indoor 78-9; limited participation in 5, 18, 21, 31, 79, 85, 185; nocturnal 12, 18, 196; Olympian vs. chthonian modes of 12, 163, 183-4, 186, 196, 205; order of 27, 99, 161; sparagmos 137; thusia 12, 168, 188; see also bird (cock, dove), boar, bull, calendars, cow, deer, dining, dining room, dismemberment, divination, dog, goat, horse, ox, pig, ram, sheep
Saftulis cave 153, 154
sailors 34, 114, 206; and Aphrodite 123;
and Athena Soteira 20; and Dioskouroi 189, 191; and Hekate 165; and Helen 191; and Ino- Leukothea 60, 188; and Melikertes- Palaimon 60; and Phrontis 199; and Poseidon 60-1; and Zeus Soter 20
Salamis 47, 199; battle at 102, 202 salt 111
Samos, and Artemis 102; and Hera 29,
31-3, 37, 40, 96, 98, 109, 214n10;
and Poseidon 60
Samothrace 63, 147, 174, 182 sanctuary 4, 8-9; branch or duplicate
52, 107, 117; control of 26, 28, 36, 62, 73, 92, 94; extramural 63, 81, 82, 123, 140, 183; extraurban 9, 30, 37, 47, 67, 75, 83, 88, 91, 93, 96, 102, 174; founding myths of 16, 27, 32-3, 37, 53, 54, 60, 63, 94, 111, 115, 187, 201; and heroic past 27, 30, 92, 98, 112, 190, 196; limited access to 36,
45, 66, 70, 75, 97, 131, 165; as meeting place 27, 30, 50, 58, 59, 63, 89, 92, 178; Panhellenic 15, 26-8, 58, 93, 137, 154; placement of 73, 41, 49, 58, 59, 66, 73, 81-2, 93, 95, 99, 102, 103, 106, 119, 123, 140-1, 172; scattered vs. centralized 69-70, 114; topography of 31, 34, 46, 52, 58, 59- 60, 75, 77, 83, 96, 107, 172, 174; see also asylum, cave, leagues and federations, mountain, temple, tomb
Saronic gulf 123, 180
savior, Aphrodite as 123; Apollo as 99;
Asklepios as 99; Artemis as 102; Athena as 20; Dionysos as 126; Dioskouroi as 189; Helen as 191; Oedipus as 202; Poseidon as 58; Sosipolis as 164; Zeus as 20
scapegoat 16, 52, 93, 148
scepter 19; as attribute 30, 115, 198 Schumacher, Rob 61
sculptors, Agorakritos 50, 180;
Alkamenes 117, 160, 166; Angelion 92; Daidalos 177, 204; Damophon 80, 81; Endoios 49, 52, 109; Gitiadas 53; Kanachos 96, 125; Menichmos 102; Myron 167; Onatas 80, 145; Pheidias 28, 42, 50, 91, 116, 117, 162, 200; Polykleitos 30, 31; Praxiteles 123; Skopas 52, 117; Soidas 102; Tektaios 92
seasons 6, 29, 36, 39, 91, 128; fall 45, 70, 72, 130; spring 22, 102-3, 128, 130, 132, 137, 138; summer 16, 45, 70, 71, 72, 78, 90, 124; winter 47, 58, 72, 127-8, 132-40 passim
seer see prophets and seers Sele river see Foce del Sele Selinous 22, 82, 187
Selloi see prophets and seers Seven Sages 54
Seven Wonders of the World 28 sexuality, and Aphrodite 114, 117,
120-22, 125, 147; of Artemis 106; of Dionysos 130; extramarital 39, 124; and fertility of natural world 29, 71, 147; and Hermes 147; in marriage 84, 122, 125; men's 21, 116; women's 71, 72, 73, 122, 181; see also homoeroticism, phallos, pollution
sheep 62, 144, 154; as sacrifice 16, 47, 59, 96, 104, 111, 153, 158, 195; see also fleece, ram
GENERAL INDEX
301
ship see procession, votive offerings and dedications
Sicilian expedition 146
Sicily, and Artemis 101, 107; and
Demeter and Kore/Persephone 69, 71, 78, 81-3, 85; and Herakles 187; and Zeus 20, 22
Skamandros river 152
Skillous 112
skin diseases 11
Skythia 141, 206
slaves 51, 62; capture of 52, 62; freeing
of 29, 31, 46, 62; owned by Aphrodite 120-1; participation in ritual 46, 71, 73, 91, 130, 133, 177, 187
smith see metalworking Smith, W. Robertson 5 smiting god 86, 89 Smyrna 49, 130
snakes 41, 46, 80, 184, 165, 166; and Ares 156; and Asklepios 193, 194; and Athena 12, 50, 55; and Dioskouroi 190; and Eumenides 168; and heroes 198, 206; serpent combat 94, 95, 156; and Zeus 21-3, 23 fig. 2. 2, 55
Sokrates 163, 177, 184, 195 Solon 24, 76, 157, 167
sorcery see magic
Sounion 55, 68, 180, 199 Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane 12 sparagmos 137
Sparta 10, 20, 52, 151, 156; and Ammon 175; and Aphrodite 106; and Apollo 90-2, 95; and Artemis 102, 104-6; and Athena 48, 53-4, 55; and Dioskouroi 189-91; and Eileithyia 164; and Enyalios 157; and Helen 180, 191; and Herakles 186; and heroes 198, 200, 207; and Hyakinthos 91, 198; and Poseidon 62; and Zeus 20, 21, 55
Spercheios river 152
spring 26, 52, 96, 107, 109, 152-3, 156,
176, 194; Akidalia 152; Amymone 31; Argaphia 152; Hagno 18; hot 187; Kanathos 31; Kassotis 94; Kastalian 94; Kissousa 139; miraculous 139-40; Perseian 198; and Poseidon 57, 64, 66; Telphousa 65; underworld 142
St. Elmo's fire 189 stag see deer
statue see cult statue, votive offerings and dedications
Sternis Bay 62, 63
Stoa Poikile (Athens) 116-17
strangers 24, 55, 104, 126, 201; gender
roles and 161-2 structuralism 3, 12, 14, 169 Stymphalos 40, 55, 211n21 supplication 1, 8, 161, 165; and
Aphrodite 121; and Artemis 111; and Athena 52, 53; and Eumenides 168; and Hera 31; and Oedipus 203; and Persephone 84; and Poseidon 61, 62; and Zeus 23-4, 53
Sybaris 37-8
symposium 20, 78, 172-3
syncretism, of Apollo and other gods 91,
158; of Ares and Enyalios 157; of Artemis and other goddesses 105-6, 107, 166, 178; of Athena and other goddesses 53, 178; of Greek and indigenous deities 79, 81, 149; of Hekate and Enodia 166; of Herakles, Bes and Melqart 187; of Kybele/Meter and other goddesses 171; of Zeus and Amun-Ra 26
Syracuse 20, 78, 107, 121 Syria 25, 49, 98
tablet 26, 30, 41, 97, 120, 141, 174; see also curse, gold leaves, Linear B, pinax
Tainaron 57, 60, 61, 62-3, 158 Taleton, Mt. 158
talisman 48, 159, 169, 200; see also
amulet
Tanagra 148-9
Taras 119, 190
Tegea 52-3, 145, 156, 200 Telemachos 194
Telesterion (Eleusis) 71, 73, 75-6 telete ? 10, 76, 79, 142, 163; see also
mysteries
Telines 81
Telphousa (Boiotia) 65, 80
temenos 8
Temesa 203
Tempe 66, 95
temple 8-9, 160 fig. 12. 1; circular 123;
contents of 9, 30-1, 36, 43-4, 54-5, 88-9, 107, 112-13, 178, 181 (see also cult statue); and deity 8, 27, 35-6, 58-9, 86, 114, 124, 126, 144, 151;
GENERAL INDEX
302
Doric 28, 34, 37, 41-2, 59, 63, 82, 90, 99, 116, 153, 178, 193; early 31, 34, 37, 42, 86, 88-90, 91, 98, 116, 128, 129; financing of 9, 28, 30,
35, 111; hundred-foot (see hekatompedon); Ionic 31, 42-3, 46, 55, 96, 99; models 31, 32 fig. 3. 1; monumental 9, 12-13, 28, 31, 33, 41-2, 96, 99, 108, 175; orientation of 99-100; ornamentation of 27, 30, 37, 38 fig. 3. 2, 41, 42, 52, 53, 80, 90 fig. 7. 3, 109, 138, 153, 169, 178; seating in 75; shared 20, 35, 36, 37, 55, 116, 156, 160, 164, 181; successive 30, 31, 34, 37, 41, 49, 52, 59, 68, 75, 89, 102, 104, 108, 129, 180; sweeping of 45, 51, 97; see also sanctuary
Tenedos 137, 161
Teos 50, 140
Thasos 45, 163, 184, 185-6, 207 Thebes, and Ammon 175; and
Amphiaraos 204; and Aphrodite 119; and Apollo 96, 98; and Ares 156; and Demeter and Kore/Persephone 69, 70, 71; and Dionysos 127, 137, 140-1; and Dirke 200; and Hera 29; and Herakles 184; and Hermes 148; and Kabiroi 172-3, 174; and Kadmos 98, 119, 156; and Oedipus 202-3; and Semele 141, 188; Seven Against 20, 156, 204
Thelpousa (Arkadia) 66, 80 Themistokles 171, 184; personal name
184
theoxenia 138, 190; see also hospitality Thera 23, 53, 202
Therapne 190-1, 198
theriomorphism 22, 79-81 passim; 150,
152, 153
Thermon 86, 89-90, 90 fig. 7. 3, 102 Thermopylai 90
Theseion (Athens) 207
Thessaly 78, 104, 201; and Apollo 95;
and Artemis 165; and Asklepios 192; and Dionysos 127, 142; and Eileithyia 165; and Enodia 166-7, 179; and Hekate 166-7; and Hermes 149; and Ino-Leukothea 188; and nymphs 155; and Poseidon 55-6; and Themis 179-80; and Zeus 15-16
thiasos 127, 137, 142, 185 Thorikos 45, 47, 192
Thrace 126, 149, 170, 176-7, 200
Thriasian plain 64, 73 thunderbolt see lightning thursos 135, 139
thusia see sacrifice Thymele (Epidauros) 193 Timoleon 78
Tiryns 29, 31, 184, 186
tomb 9, 11, 141, 171, 186; of Achilles
205; of Aiakos 201; of Aipytos 145; of Alkaidai 184; of Alkmene 200; of Battos 202; of Dioskouroi 189; of Dirke 200; of founders 202; of Haliai/ Sea Women 139; and Herakles 183; of heroes 196-7, 201; of Hippolytos 123-4; of Hyakinthos 91; of Hyperboreans 92, 113; of Ino 188; of Iolaos 184; of Iphigeneia 107; of Iphinoe? 139; Mycenaean 92, 113, 197; of Oedipus 200; of Pelops 27; of Phaidra 124; in sanctuary 27, 53, 91, 107, 113, 123-4, 140, 184; of Semele 140; of Zeus 25-6
tortoise 117
tragedy see drama
travel 4, 9; and Apollo 87; between
worlds 116, 142, 144, 166; and
Hermes 144, 146; see also sailors treaty 24, 88, 177
tree 39, 84, 98, 106, 112, 125, 133, 153;
epiphany in 148; see also agnus castus, fig, grove, laurel, lugos, myrtle, oak, olive, pine, plane
tribe 12, 57, 86, 89, 157, 162, 197; Athenian 160, 199-100, 207; modern 7, 10, 19
trident 61, 63, 66, 67
Trikka 192
tripod 94; see also votive offerings and
dedications
Triton river 50
Troad 174, 206
Trojans 29, 48, 51
Troy 37, 63, 145, 149, 201; and Achilles
205; and Apollo 87; and Athena 48, 51, 200; and Helen 191; and Hera 29; and Herakles 178; New Ilion 51; war at 30, 51, 75, 115, 179, 180
Trozen 57, 63-4, 67, 123-4, 125 truce 67; sacred 36, 76 tumpanon 171
Tylor, Edward B. 5
tyrants 78; Gelon 81; Hieron 81, 121; Hippias 146, 184, 207; Kleoboulos
GENERAL INDEX
303
54; Kypselos 36; Peisistratos 95, 184, 207; Theron 82, 191; Thrasyboulos 20
underworld 57, 146; ascent from 76, 141; deities of 12, 22, 27, 79, 80, 81, 141, 158, 167, 196; and Demeter and Kore/Persephone 66, 69, 78, 80, 81, 83; descent into 132, 141, 149; entrance to 63, 79, 18; and ghosts 131; and Hekate 167; and Hermes 131, 149, 167; judge in 200
U-shaped stoa (Lokroi Epizephyrioi) 83, 121
vase painting 146, 150, 180, 189, 206; ascent of earth goddess in 141, 158; Athena in 48, 50; Dionysiac themes in 127, 129, 130, 135, 136 fig. 10. 2, 137; Eleusinian mysteries in 73, 75; Herakles in 185, 186; Kabirion ware 172-3, 173 fig. 13. 1; Lenaia vases 129, 135, 136 fig. 10. 2; Meidian school of 117
vases see votive offerings and dedications
vegetarianism 137
vegetation 33, 106, 117, 126, 128, 162,
179, 188; see also agriculture
veil 81; on statue 45, 109, 119
Vernant, Jean-Pierre 3, 5
victory 28, 165, 185; and Ares 156; and
Artemis 102; and Athena 44; athletic 7, 120, 147, 162; commemoration of 19-20, 103, 186; military 19, 29, 96, 102, 151, 156, 162, 180, 184, 186, 191, 200; and Zeus 19-20
vine 90, 126, 128, 129, 140; ephemeral 139
Virgin Mary 37
virginity 31, 121, 160, 177; of Artemis
101, 106, 109; ritual requirement of
51, 63, 131
visions 2, 50, 171, 175; see also dreams,
epiphany
viticulture 127-8
votive offerings and dedications: amber
98, 111; anatomical model 117, 195; animal trophies 32, 52, 111; armor 9, 20, 21, 25, 37, 43, 52, 54, 59, 99, 104, 181, 199; athletic gear 21; axe 106; bead 52, 98, 107, 111, 172; bell 54; bovine 62, 78, 153, 163, 172
(bronze), 59 (gold), 59, 64, 172 (terracotta); bread/cake 8, 33, 34, 45, 75, 78, 130, 133, 145, 168, 194, 195, 204; bronze (miscellaneous) 9, 25, 34, 52, 82, 98, 111,191; bust 82, 129; chain 38, 52; chariot 59, 64; cheese 62; coin 9, 111, 146; coral 32; crown/ diadem 37, 113; dice 164; disk 206; doll 83, 154; dress pin 77, 164, 181; figurines 17 fig. 2. 1, 32, 44 fig. 4. 2, 53, 54, 65 fig. 5. 2, 86, 89, 118 fig. 9. 1, 145, 151, 153 (bronze), 105-6, 191 (lead), 9, 21, 25, 30, 64, 73, 77, 82, 89, 119, 122, 164, 165, 170, 178, 198 (terracotta), 163; fox 151; fruit 21, 33, 52, 83, 103; garland 8, 31, 97, 99, 115, 146, 166; garment 9, 31, 36, 37, 45-6, 47, 56, 91, 96, 107-8, 113; goat 153, gold (miscellaneous) 25, 43, 44, 62, 175; hair 35, 113, 124, 152, 178, 187; hair rings 178; honey 62, 80, 163; horse 62, 153 (bronze), 64 (terracotta); horse trappings 54, 59, 98; house model 31, 32 fig. 3. 1, 34; hudria 31; ingot 82; ivory 33, 36, 49, 105, 111, 112, 178; jewelry 77 (bronze), 98, 107, 112 (gold), 9, 45, 52, 59, 111, 164, 191; knucklebone/ astragalos 154, 194; kouros 68, 95, 201; lamp 70, 72, 82, 89, 181; lyre 43; manger 52; mask 82, 89, 105; medical instrument 98-9; mirror 83, 107, 114, 141; monument 9, 174, 175, 194, 200; perfume 83, 115; phallos 129, 132, 147; pinecone 33; plaque/pinax 105 (bone), 148, 151, 157 (bronze), 164 (gold), 105, 112, 178 (ivory), 164 (silver), 60, 61, 83-5, 84 fig. 6. 2, 122, 159, 190, 198, 199, 220n23 (terracotta), 153 (wood), 194; relief sculpture 22, 23, 23 fig. 2. 2, 77 fig. 6. 1, 110, 117, 121, 145, 147, 151, 163, 168, 170, 176, 176 fig. 13. 2, 185, 190, 193 fig. 14. 1, 194, 195, 205 fig. 15. 1; rock crystal 32; scarab 34, 98, 107; seal 107; seashell 154; shield 25, 37, 52, 99, 181, 199; ship 9, 33; ship model 33, 37; slave 120; statue 7, 9, 20, 27, 30, 39, 53, 54, 87 fig. 7. 1, 112, 156, 175, 189, 200; temple column 35; theriomorphic figurine 81; tool 38, 82; tripod cauldron 18, 27, 49, 53,
GENERAL INDEX
304
59, 93, 98, 199; vases 191, 192 (bronze), 9, 26-7, 31, 73, 77, 81-2, 89, 119, 121-2, 123, 128, 151, 172-3, 181, 191, 199, 201, 202, 206 (ceramic), 107 (glass), 164; weapon 99, 112, 190; wool 80, 163
Wach, Joachim 7
war 86, 94; and Ares 119, 156-7; and
Artemis 101-2, 103; and Athena 41, 50, 55; between Athens and Aigina 181; between Athens and Eleusis 67, 73; dead 133, 149, 157, 186, 199; and Dorians 57, 91; and Enyalios 102, 156-7, 190; game of 105; between Lokroi and Rhegion 121; Messenian 62, 190; Peloponnesian 130, 146, 177; Persian 96, 97, 149, 171, 205; between Phokis and Thessaly 103-4; between Sparta and Tegea 200; spoils of 9, 28, 49, 50, 52, 156, 190, 200; Trojan 30, 51, 61, 115, 179, 180; and Zeus 19-20; see also battle, truce
warrior 54, 184, 186; and Artemis 101, 102, 113; and Athena 41; and Hera 30; Kouretes as 24-5; ritual roles of 46, 54, 91, 102; training of 10, 18, 20, 41, 88, 105; women 109, 156; see also hoplite
water 21, 131, 142, 183, 188; and Artemis 102, 106, 107; channel for 83, 192; and Charites 162; and Hera 31; jars for 70, and Poseidon 57, 63-8
passim; in purification 11, 31, 48, 59, 94, 194; see also bath, flood, libation, river, spring
weaving 41, 45, 47, 49, 52; see also clothing
wedding see bride, marriage
werewolf see lycanthropy
white, color 34; of clothing 25, 32, 45,
78, 107; goddesses 168, 187-8, 190; horse 190; Island 206; sacrificial victim 158, 205
widow 40, 125
wine 62, 126, 201; in Aegean islands
127-8; and Dionysos 126-40 passim; consumed by men 130-1, 133; consumed by women 72, 78, 212n9; introduction of 133; miracles of 139-40; mixing of 131; new 128, 130; prohibited 12, 168; serving and storage of 34, 78, 128, 130, 131, 135, 136 fig. 10.