); otherwise,
Olynthus
would have been added
to the list of places to which Athens had failed to send timely aid (Alt.
to the list of places to which Athens had failed to send timely aid (Alt.
Demosthenese - First Philippic and the Olynthiacs
iw.
Annoy. The event described in the text was evidently recent
(16. Tsheu-raia), i. e. not later than 352 B. 0. , possibly as early as
353 (see note on 1. 303). ASchaefer Dem. ii 292 note 1,
Boeckh Seewesen pp. 76 f.
The orator's instances of Philip's encroachments are remarkable (l) for
their admirable selection :--Philip has with impunity robbed Athenians (at
Lemnos and Imbros) of their freedom; of their supplies, by capturing
the corn-ships; of their honour, by carrying off the sacred trireme; (2)
for the order in which they are stated :--he has robbed them first at the
distant island of Lemnos, next off the southern promontory of Euboea,
and lastly at Marathon, on the very coast of Attica; with increasing
anxiety and excitement, the listener feels that the next step must bring
Philip to Athens itself. ' Lastly, he landed at Marathon. ' The slightest
stress on that historic name would at once recall a similar landing when a
far different doom awaited the invader. Like a flash of lightning this last
instance would reveal to the Athenians the preci ice on the brink of which
they were standing, would reuse them to a vivir apprehension of the im-
mediate crisis, and would prompt them to give effect to the orator's
demand (Rehdantz). The effect is still further enhanced by the striking
rhythm of the closing sentence, in which two anapaestic lines, suggestive
of measured advance, are followed by a swift dactylic and trochaic move-
ment :--
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 108 FIRST PHILIPPIG IV ? 34, 35
1a T? I\? u'ra. l" sis MupaBEw' 6. 11631; Till, at the last, he landed at Marathon,
KU-l rhv ispdv Eur-b m; xre? pa; And, there seizing the sacred trireme,
@Xer' e? 'xwv rpwjpn. Carried it oflfrom the country.
308. {upsis--Sl'ivwfie len'nw x-rh. , 'while you are even now
unable to prevent these things, nor can you send succours by
the appointed time ' (2 ? 20 oi'm sls' ,uaxpdv, and 8 ? 18).
'Quanquam ea quae Demosthenes commemoraverat, antea facts erant,
tamen orator iure tempore praesenti uti poterat, cum videret nihil
Athenienses curavisse, ne iterum fleret quod saepissime factum erat'
(Sauppe Ep. Grit. p. 43).
? 35 l. 311. raw Havaeqvalov : the greater Panathenaea were
held before the middle of August in the third year of every
Olympiad (e. g. in 350 B. c. , the year after the delivery of
this speech ; and in 354 B. 0. , three years before it) ; the lesser,
in the same month in each year. The superintendence of
the numerous contests, musical, equestrian, or gymnastic, was
assigned to the ten Athlothetae (Aristotle Coast. of Athens 60
? 1). The festival closed with a magnificent procession of
horsemen, under the command of their officers. Cp. 1. 227.
312. 163v Aiovuo'lmv: the great Dionysia were celebrated,
with musical and dramatic exhibitions, during five days at
the end of March. The other Dionysiac festivals were known
as the rural Dionysia, the Anthesteria, and the Lenaea.
roi) KGOfiKOVTOS xpovou, 'at the appropriate time'; Gen. of
Time. 19 ? 185 611111 e? x 163v ve? nwv "01m, 23 ? 68 ? 11 al's iyye? pais
Kofifixel, [43] ? 67 6'11 111? : KaGnKoe? oars iyne? paw.
313. (iv 1': . . (iv 're: ? 19 Khv . . Kdv. Sewot:
opposed to KSuS'rai, as e? preipor to drerpoi, 'experts' to 'un-
qualified persons. ' Mixmrw, 'be appointed by lot. ' In
the case of the Panathenaea, the reference is to the ten Athle-
Iheme, who were appointed by lot, Aristotle Const. of Athens
60 ? 1 Khnpoilo'z . . dfihofie? 'ras. In that of the Dionysia, the
reference is in the first instance to the Archon, who was
appointed in the same manner, ib. 55 ? 1 Khnpof/aw . . dpxovra.
It is uncertain whether the e? mneAq-mi. 16w Acovwn'mv are also meant.
The verb e'mazkeivflat (used below) is not necessarily limited to them.
The officials to whom it is here applied certainly include the Athlnthctae
and the chief Archon, and in Aristotle's Coast. of Athens the verb is used
of a variety of officials other than ('m'LQA mi, viz. the wpe? stpoi (44 ? 8), the
flovhfi (46 ? 1), the don/minor. (50 ? 2), t e ail-yo amipol. (51 ? 1), the rn-ro-
dniAaxe: (51 5 3), and the 'EvSeKa (52 ? 1), all 0 whom were appointed by
lot, and also the a'emppovurrrjg (42 53), who alone was elected. It is also
applied to the Archon, Eop'rlzw empehei'rm. (56 ? 5), optpavaw sznehez'rm (56
? 7), nuier s'mneMZ-mr. (57 ? 1). It is impossible to apply it here to the
e? mneAvpmi alone, to the exclusion of the Archon and the Athlothetae.
The s'maeh mi (11]; Trollflrfifi) were minor oflicials who assisted the Arehon
in managing the procession in the greater Dionysia. The ? 1. 1va and the
EmaeAvp-u' receive a joint vote of thanks for their management of the
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? IV ? 35 FIRST PHILIPPIG 109
Dionysia in 281 3. 0. (Dittenberger Sylloge ii no. 382; cp. CIA. ii 420, 85; circa
188 3. 0. ) The locus classicus with respect to these e'mnekqmi' is Aristotle's
Const. of Athens 56 ? 4 wopmiw 8' e'wtnelkez'rai (o dewv) . . real. 71): Ato-
vvm'wv wa psye? va 51. 6115. 7ch e? rri'aeimru'iv, oi); n'pe? 'repov "all '_('1 dipo;
e? xsipore? vsi Se'xa. 61170. 9 . . viiv 8' Eva. n]: (huh); e? xaa'mq xknpoi. Now
in Dem. 21 ? 15 Meidias is described as elected e? mneaqq; by open
voting, xekaiwv e? av'rbv sis Atomicna. XGLPOTOVGZV e'mpekn'rfiv. he speech
against Meidias is assigned by Dionysius to 01. 107, 4, 349 3. 0. If so, the
Dionysia at which Demosthenes was insulted by Meidias belonged to
March 350 3. 0. ; Demosthenes was probably appointed xoprryds at the
beginning of the previous Attic year, July 351 3. 0. , and it was probably
at the same date that Meidias was appointed an e'mpequrjg for the same
Dionysia. If we lace the First Philippic early in 351 3. 0. , we find, in July
of that year, the emneAn-rai' still elected by open voting, so that the later
method of appointing them by lot (mentioned by Aristotle) must have
come into force after the date of Meidias' appointment, a fortiori after the
date of this speech, which is in any case earlier than that a pointment,
whether we place the speech against Meidias in 349 3. 0. (wit Dionysius
and ASchaefer) or in 347 3. 0. (with Weil and Blass). Thus Mixwa'w is
inapplicable to the e? mneamai at the date when the First Philippic was
delivered.
This discrepancy leads Blass to suggest that in 347 3. 0. , when Demo-
sthenes was a member of the Council, be renewed his proposal for a
standing force, and, after submitting it to the Council, brought it before
the Assembly in a revised form. In this case find; in ? 30 would refer to
members of the Council and to a wpofiooaevna of that body (Seebeck Z.
f. Alt. 1838 p. 784). If the scheme was formally approved by the people,
though not actually carried into effect, it may have been mentioned by
Philochorus in connexion with the events of the year, and Dionysius may
have thereby been led to assign the latter part of the speech to a later date
than ? ? 1-29. Blass suggests that ? 30 and (i'ya) 'ye'ypazba (? 33), as well as
xa'i 'r'hv 16w Awwaiwv and e? Kau-e? pwv (? 35), belong to the speech in its later
form. He admits, however, that this last section, as a whole, must belong
to the earlier date (351 3. 0.
); otherwise, Olynthus would have been added
to the list of places to which Athens had failed to send timely aid (Alt.
Ber. III i 304 f).
As an alternative we may suggest the simpler expedient of supposing
that in Adxwaw Demosthenes adopts a word applicable to the Athlothetae
and the Archon, and that the Epi'meletae are disregarded as minor officials
in comparison with the Are-hon, especially as they were concerned with the
procession alone.
314. [oi] may possibly be retained; in which case oi e? m-
aehnabaevoc would be the subject, 56010! K'rh. the predicate :--
'whether the lot falls on ex erts or on ordinary persons to
attend to these festivals. ' n denoting a person who can,
shall, or will do something, the article is usually prefixed to
the future participle (e. g. [58] ? 29 "row--76311 Kowdw e? mhehnob-
never), the present participle, persons who do, being rarely used
(see exx. in Madvig Syntax ? 180 b R 1, or Goodwin MT. ? 826).
e? wupehno'dpevoi: for the Nom. after hdxwo'w cp. Aeschin.
3 ? 28 e? haxe Taxowoce? s, [Dem] 59 ? 72 haxovra fiaoahe? a, and
especially 21 ? 227 5:. Kdo'ov'res elhfixa're.
315. roe-ai'rr(a)--Xpfip. o:ra: Plut. de glo'ri'a Atheniensium c. 6
p. 349 dv 761p e? xho'yw'dfi 10v 5pa/id'rwv gxao'rov b'o'ov Kare? a'rn,
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 110 FIRST PHILIPPIC' IV ? ? 35, 36
1rl\e? ov dmhwxdis' 4x11161111 6 5'7),u. os eis Boinas Kai 'I'owln'a'as Kai
Oifil-rrodas Kai 'Av'rz'ye? rnv, Kai 1d. Mndeias KaKd. Kai 'Hhe? K'rpas,
div l'nre? p 1'9]: 'ij'yeuovias Kai 1'7): e? 'hevflspias IBM/1611 Toz'lr Bapfidpovs
dvdhwaav. [Plato] Alc. ii 148 E.
At a Panatheuaic festival, as we learn from an inscription of 410 3. 0. ,
5114 drachmae were paid from the treasury of Athena to the superintendents
of sacrifices (ispowowr'), while the Atlllothetae, whose duty it was to attend
to the festal games, received at the same time 5 talents and 1000 drachmae,
sums which must be regarded as only a small part of the whole expenses
of the festival. The statement in the text cannot be treated as an exaggera-
tion, when we remember the splendour of the theatrical representations, the
furnishing of the stage and of the choruses, the payment of the poets and
actors, and the prizes awarded to the victors, and when we consider that
this was far from exhausting all the expenses of the festival (Schomann
Antiquities of Greece p. 443 Eng]. ed. )
0118' sis ? vaz 5 ? 11 0175' El: #10111, 5 ? 1 ,u'qde? Kad' 2'11, 24 ? 184
006% 1rpds i-'v.
316. 6. 1roo-1'6Xuv, 'naval armaments,' ? 45 end. Harpocr.
biTTdCTOAOI 6' ? 101>> al r61! vee? iu e'K1romral. roo'oi'rrov--
wapauxeufiv: Ace. after excl, understood from the relative
clause, with Non]. bi supplied from the preceding els <1.
mmth is implied before rapaaKeufiv (and indeed is practi-
cally contained in the following 60'1711), 5 ? 10 Tommi-ms aim"
Kai ? evaanobs oIs. dxhov (21 ? 59), as distinguished
from rapaaxewiv (21 ? ? ll, 16, 26, 106), refers to the vast
crowds taking part in the processions and the dramatic exhibi-
tions, as contrasted with the magnificence of the decorations
and other accessories. This seems better than taking 670m:
and rapaaKeufiv as a hendiadys and comparing {me 100 6xhu'280vs
117s wapachei/fis' (Thuc. vi 24, 3).
317. lxeu, 'involve. '
318. iio'reptlew 165v Kaipe? 'w : 18 ? 102.
319. Mcediv'qv, W. of the gulf of Therma, captured by
Philip in 353 B. c. ; Haydn-tie, the harbour of Pherae in
Thessaly, captured in 352 3. 0. ; Ho'retSamv, the key of the
peninsula of Pallene, captured in 356 B. c. In all three cases
the Athenian succours arrived too late. Potidaea is mentioned
last as the most important. The chronological order is pre-
ferred in 1 ? ? 9, 12.
? 36 l. 320. ve? prg: 21 ? ? 9, 11. Some of the laws relating to the
Pannzhemwa and the Dionysia are collected in Telfy's Corpus Iuris Attici
? ? 428-448, 490-499.
321. in woMofi: in the case of the Dionysia, the xop'rryol
would probably be known eight months beforehand, in July for
the following March. This was conjectured by Voemel and
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? 1V ? 36 FIRST PHILIPPIO 111
Rehdantz (ASchaefer Dem. ii 1112 note 1). It is now known
for certain from Aristotle's Oonst. Qf Athens 56 ? 3.
322. fig: sc. Ewan, 3 ? 17. xopqyds, 'choral steward'
rather than 'choir-master. ' It was the duty of' the choregus
to bear the expense of providing and training the chorus in
public representations, whether in the theatre, in connexion
with tragic, satyric, or comic dances, or elsewhere, as in lyric
choruses of' men or boys, in pyrrhic or cyclic dances, or in
performances on the flute. The ceremonies at which a choregns
was required were those of' the greater Dionysia, the Lenaea,
the Thargelia, and the Panathenaea (Dem. Lept. Introd. p. iv
ed. Sandys). yupvao-(apxos, ' superintendent of the festal
games,' especially the torch-race in the festivals of Prometheus,
Hephaestus and Pan, and also in the Panathenaea, the Lenaea,
perhaps also in the Thesea, and in certain funeral ceremonies
(ib. p. viii). 'rfis dwhfis: the e? 'ymithi hyroupqlar above
mentioned were never intermitted, but passed in regular rota-
tion through the ten tribes. The members of each tribe, acting
through the e? mneM-ral 11"); ? uMis, decided who should undertake
the duty in each instance; and in so doing they were guided
by a rescribed order of rotation (ib. pp. iii, vi). Cp. 39 ? 7.
Accor ing to Aristotle Coast. of Athens 56 ? 3, it was only
in the case of comic choruses that the tribes nominated the
choregns. mire: asyndeton.
323. TC . . 'rt: note on ? 3 l. 22. haBe? v-ra: some
understand xopvrybu i) 'YU/AVGO'IGFXOV, and infer that the State
made a grant, though they admit that there is no evidence
for this in the case of the hyroup'ylai above mentioned, but
only in the dpxitkwpla and the 'rpnypapxla. (so Westermann).
The Xopn'yol had in fact to make payments and not to receive
them. It is therefore better to understand lime-row iii/. 6511, 'each
of you,' so far as he is respectively concerned in any of the
above festivals (so Blass). Thus the composers of competing
tragedies or comedies know that they must receive a chorus
(xopov hay/Saran) from the Archon ; the Archon, again, knows
that he must receive the names of' the xopn'yol from the officials
connected with the tribes (Aristotle 1. c. ); and the (maehmal
of the great Dionysia know that they must receive a grant of
100 wines from the State towards the expenses of the procession
in the greater Dionysia (ib. ? 4).
324. otSe? v: asyndeton; 'nothing is left unascertained or
undefined'; the adjectives may be described as proleptic (? 8
1. 75), or as predicative, giving the result of nae? hn'rai, 1 ? 28.
326. Era-KT' dBl-(ipfiwr' ddpto'd' (tram-0. , 'all is irregular,
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 112 FIRST'PHILIPPIC' IV ? 36
unsettled, indefinite,' 'unarranged, unrevised, undefined,' opp.
Annoy. The event described in the text was evidently recent
(16. Tsheu-raia), i. e. not later than 352 B. 0. , possibly as early as
353 (see note on 1. 303). ASchaefer Dem. ii 292 note 1,
Boeckh Seewesen pp. 76 f.
The orator's instances of Philip's encroachments are remarkable (l) for
their admirable selection :--Philip has with impunity robbed Athenians (at
Lemnos and Imbros) of their freedom; of their supplies, by capturing
the corn-ships; of their honour, by carrying off the sacred trireme; (2)
for the order in which they are stated :--he has robbed them first at the
distant island of Lemnos, next off the southern promontory of Euboea,
and lastly at Marathon, on the very coast of Attica; with increasing
anxiety and excitement, the listener feels that the next step must bring
Philip to Athens itself. ' Lastly, he landed at Marathon. ' The slightest
stress on that historic name would at once recall a similar landing when a
far different doom awaited the invader. Like a flash of lightning this last
instance would reveal to the Athenians the preci ice on the brink of which
they were standing, would reuse them to a vivir apprehension of the im-
mediate crisis, and would prompt them to give effect to the orator's
demand (Rehdantz). The effect is still further enhanced by the striking
rhythm of the closing sentence, in which two anapaestic lines, suggestive
of measured advance, are followed by a swift dactylic and trochaic move-
ment :--
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 108 FIRST PHILIPPIG IV ? 34, 35
1a T? I\? u'ra. l" sis MupaBEw' 6. 11631; Till, at the last, he landed at Marathon,
KU-l rhv ispdv Eur-b m; xre? pa; And, there seizing the sacred trireme,
@Xer' e? 'xwv rpwjpn. Carried it oflfrom the country.
308. {upsis--Sl'ivwfie len'nw x-rh. , 'while you are even now
unable to prevent these things, nor can you send succours by
the appointed time ' (2 ? 20 oi'm sls' ,uaxpdv, and 8 ? 18).
'Quanquam ea quae Demosthenes commemoraverat, antea facts erant,
tamen orator iure tempore praesenti uti poterat, cum videret nihil
Athenienses curavisse, ne iterum fleret quod saepissime factum erat'
(Sauppe Ep. Grit. p. 43).
? 35 l. 311. raw Havaeqvalov : the greater Panathenaea were
held before the middle of August in the third year of every
Olympiad (e. g. in 350 B. c. , the year after the delivery of
this speech ; and in 354 B. 0. , three years before it) ; the lesser,
in the same month in each year. The superintendence of
the numerous contests, musical, equestrian, or gymnastic, was
assigned to the ten Athlothetae (Aristotle Coast. of Athens 60
? 1). The festival closed with a magnificent procession of
horsemen, under the command of their officers. Cp. 1. 227.
312. 163v Aiovuo'lmv: the great Dionysia were celebrated,
with musical and dramatic exhibitions, during five days at
the end of March. The other Dionysiac festivals were known
as the rural Dionysia, the Anthesteria, and the Lenaea.
roi) KGOfiKOVTOS xpovou, 'at the appropriate time'; Gen. of
Time. 19 ? 185 611111 e? x 163v ve? nwv "01m, 23 ? 68 ? 11 al's iyye? pais
Kofifixel, [43] ? 67 6'11 111? : KaGnKoe? oars iyne? paw.
313. (iv 1': . . (iv 're: ? 19 Khv . . Kdv. Sewot:
opposed to KSuS'rai, as e? preipor to drerpoi, 'experts' to 'un-
qualified persons. ' Mixmrw, 'be appointed by lot. ' In
the case of the Panathenaea, the reference is to the ten Athle-
Iheme, who were appointed by lot, Aristotle Const. of Athens
60 ? 1 Khnpoilo'z . . dfihofie? 'ras. In that of the Dionysia, the
reference is in the first instance to the Archon, who was
appointed in the same manner, ib. 55 ? 1 Khnpof/aw . . dpxovra.
It is uncertain whether the e? mneAq-mi. 16w Acovwn'mv are also meant.
The verb e'mazkeivflat (used below) is not necessarily limited to them.
The officials to whom it is here applied certainly include the Athlnthctae
and the chief Archon, and in Aristotle's Coast. of Athens the verb is used
of a variety of officials other than ('m'LQA mi, viz. the wpe? stpoi (44 ? 8), the
flovhfi (46 ? 1), the don/minor. (50 ? 2), t e ail-yo amipol. (51 ? 1), the rn-ro-
dniAaxe: (51 5 3), and the 'EvSeKa (52 ? 1), all 0 whom were appointed by
lot, and also the a'emppovurrrjg (42 53), who alone was elected. It is also
applied to the Archon, Eop'rlzw empehei'rm. (56 ? 5), optpavaw sznehez'rm (56
? 7), nuier s'mneMZ-mr. (57 ? 1). It is impossible to apply it here to the
e? mneAvpmi alone, to the exclusion of the Archon and the Athlothetae.
The s'maeh mi (11]; Trollflrfifi) were minor oflicials who assisted the Arehon
in managing the procession in the greater Dionysia. The ? 1. 1va and the
EmaeAvp-u' receive a joint vote of thanks for their management of the
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? IV ? 35 FIRST PHILIPPIG 109
Dionysia in 281 3. 0. (Dittenberger Sylloge ii no. 382; cp. CIA. ii 420, 85; circa
188 3. 0. ) The locus classicus with respect to these e'mnekqmi' is Aristotle's
Const. of Athens 56 ? 4 wopmiw 8' e'wtnelkez'rai (o dewv) . . real. 71): Ato-
vvm'wv wa psye? va 51. 6115. 7ch e? rri'aeimru'iv, oi); n'pe? 'repov "all '_('1 dipo;
e? xsipore? vsi Se'xa. 61170. 9 . . viiv 8' Eva. n]: (huh); e? xaa'mq xknpoi. Now
in Dem. 21 ? 15 Meidias is described as elected e? mneaqq; by open
voting, xekaiwv e? av'rbv sis Atomicna. XGLPOTOVGZV e'mpekn'rfiv. he speech
against Meidias is assigned by Dionysius to 01. 107, 4, 349 3. 0. If so, the
Dionysia at which Demosthenes was insulted by Meidias belonged to
March 350 3. 0. ; Demosthenes was probably appointed xoprryds at the
beginning of the previous Attic year, July 351 3. 0. , and it was probably
at the same date that Meidias was appointed an e'mpequrjg for the same
Dionysia. If we lace the First Philippic early in 351 3. 0. , we find, in July
of that year, the emneAn-rai' still elected by open voting, so that the later
method of appointing them by lot (mentioned by Aristotle) must have
come into force after the date of Meidias' appointment, a fortiori after the
date of this speech, which is in any case earlier than that a pointment,
whether we place the speech against Meidias in 349 3. 0. (wit Dionysius
and ASchaefer) or in 347 3. 0. (with Weil and Blass). Thus Mixwa'w is
inapplicable to the e? mneamai at the date when the First Philippic was
delivered.
This discrepancy leads Blass to suggest that in 347 3. 0. , when Demo-
sthenes was a member of the Council, be renewed his proposal for a
standing force, and, after submitting it to the Council, brought it before
the Assembly in a revised form. In this case find; in ? 30 would refer to
members of the Council and to a wpofiooaevna of that body (Seebeck Z.
f. Alt. 1838 p. 784). If the scheme was formally approved by the people,
though not actually carried into effect, it may have been mentioned by
Philochorus in connexion with the events of the year, and Dionysius may
have thereby been led to assign the latter part of the speech to a later date
than ? ? 1-29. Blass suggests that ? 30 and (i'ya) 'ye'ypazba (? 33), as well as
xa'i 'r'hv 16w Awwaiwv and e? Kau-e? pwv (? 35), belong to the speech in its later
form. He admits, however, that this last section, as a whole, must belong
to the earlier date (351 3. 0.
); otherwise, Olynthus would have been added
to the list of places to which Athens had failed to send timely aid (Alt.
Ber. III i 304 f).
As an alternative we may suggest the simpler expedient of supposing
that in Adxwaw Demosthenes adopts a word applicable to the Athlothetae
and the Archon, and that the Epi'meletae are disregarded as minor officials
in comparison with the Are-hon, especially as they were concerned with the
procession alone.
314. [oi] may possibly be retained; in which case oi e? m-
aehnabaevoc would be the subject, 56010! K'rh. the predicate :--
'whether the lot falls on ex erts or on ordinary persons to
attend to these festivals. ' n denoting a person who can,
shall, or will do something, the article is usually prefixed to
the future participle (e. g. [58] ? 29 "row--76311 Kowdw e? mhehnob-
never), the present participle, persons who do, being rarely used
(see exx. in Madvig Syntax ? 180 b R 1, or Goodwin MT. ? 826).
e? wupehno'dpevoi: for the Nom. after hdxwo'w cp. Aeschin.
3 ? 28 e? haxe Taxowoce? s, [Dem] 59 ? 72 haxovra fiaoahe? a, and
especially 21 ? 227 5:. Kdo'ov'res elhfixa're.
315. roe-ai'rr(a)--Xpfip. o:ra: Plut. de glo'ri'a Atheniensium c. 6
p. 349 dv 761p e? xho'yw'dfi 10v 5pa/id'rwv gxao'rov b'o'ov Kare? a'rn,
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? 110 FIRST PHILIPPIC' IV ? ? 35, 36
1rl\e? ov dmhwxdis' 4x11161111 6 5'7),u. os eis Boinas Kai 'I'owln'a'as Kai
Oifil-rrodas Kai 'Av'rz'ye? rnv, Kai 1d. Mndeias KaKd. Kai 'Hhe? K'rpas,
div l'nre? p 1'9]: 'ij'yeuovias Kai 1'7): e? 'hevflspias IBM/1611 Toz'lr Bapfidpovs
dvdhwaav. [Plato] Alc. ii 148 E.
At a Panatheuaic festival, as we learn from an inscription of 410 3. 0. ,
5114 drachmae were paid from the treasury of Athena to the superintendents
of sacrifices (ispowowr'), while the Atlllothetae, whose duty it was to attend
to the festal games, received at the same time 5 talents and 1000 drachmae,
sums which must be regarded as only a small part of the whole expenses
of the festival. The statement in the text cannot be treated as an exaggera-
tion, when we remember the splendour of the theatrical representations, the
furnishing of the stage and of the choruses, the payment of the poets and
actors, and the prizes awarded to the victors, and when we consider that
this was far from exhausting all the expenses of the festival (Schomann
Antiquities of Greece p. 443 Eng]. ed. )
0118' sis ? vaz 5 ? 11 0175' El: #10111, 5 ? 1 ,u'qde? Kad' 2'11, 24 ? 184
006% 1rpds i-'v.
316. 6. 1roo-1'6Xuv, 'naval armaments,' ? 45 end. Harpocr.
biTTdCTOAOI 6' ? 101>> al r61! vee? iu e'K1romral. roo'oi'rrov--
wapauxeufiv: Ace. after excl, understood from the relative
clause, with Non]. bi supplied from the preceding els <1.
mmth is implied before rapaaKeufiv (and indeed is practi-
cally contained in the following 60'1711), 5 ? 10 Tommi-ms aim"
Kai ? evaanobs oIs. dxhov (21 ? 59), as distinguished
from rapaaxewiv (21 ? ? ll, 16, 26, 106), refers to the vast
crowds taking part in the processions and the dramatic exhibi-
tions, as contrasted with the magnificence of the decorations
and other accessories. This seems better than taking 670m:
and rapaaKeufiv as a hendiadys and comparing {me 100 6xhu'280vs
117s wapachei/fis' (Thuc. vi 24, 3).
317. lxeu, 'involve. '
318. iio'reptlew 165v Kaipe? 'w : 18 ? 102.
319. Mcediv'qv, W. of the gulf of Therma, captured by
Philip in 353 B. c. ; Haydn-tie, the harbour of Pherae in
Thessaly, captured in 352 3. 0. ; Ho'retSamv, the key of the
peninsula of Pallene, captured in 356 B. c. In all three cases
the Athenian succours arrived too late. Potidaea is mentioned
last as the most important. The chronological order is pre-
ferred in 1 ? ? 9, 12.
? 36 l. 320. ve? prg: 21 ? ? 9, 11. Some of the laws relating to the
Pannzhemwa and the Dionysia are collected in Telfy's Corpus Iuris Attici
? ? 428-448, 490-499.
321. in woMofi: in the case of the Dionysia, the xop'rryol
would probably be known eight months beforehand, in July for
the following March. This was conjectured by Voemel and
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? 1V ? 36 FIRST PHILIPPIO 111
Rehdantz (ASchaefer Dem. ii 1112 note 1). It is now known
for certain from Aristotle's Oonst. Qf Athens 56 ? 3.
322. fig: sc. Ewan, 3 ? 17. xopqyds, 'choral steward'
rather than 'choir-master. ' It was the duty of' the choregus
to bear the expense of providing and training the chorus in
public representations, whether in the theatre, in connexion
with tragic, satyric, or comic dances, or elsewhere, as in lyric
choruses of' men or boys, in pyrrhic or cyclic dances, or in
performances on the flute. The ceremonies at which a choregns
was required were those of' the greater Dionysia, the Lenaea,
the Thargelia, and the Panathenaea (Dem. Lept. Introd. p. iv
ed. Sandys). yupvao-(apxos, ' superintendent of the festal
games,' especially the torch-race in the festivals of Prometheus,
Hephaestus and Pan, and also in the Panathenaea, the Lenaea,
perhaps also in the Thesea, and in certain funeral ceremonies
(ib. p. viii). 'rfis dwhfis: the e? 'ymithi hyroupqlar above
mentioned were never intermitted, but passed in regular rota-
tion through the ten tribes. The members of each tribe, acting
through the e? mneM-ral 11"); ? uMis, decided who should undertake
the duty in each instance; and in so doing they were guided
by a rescribed order of rotation (ib. pp. iii, vi). Cp. 39 ? 7.
Accor ing to Aristotle Coast. of Athens 56 ? 3, it was only
in the case of comic choruses that the tribes nominated the
choregns. mire: asyndeton.
323. TC . . 'rt: note on ? 3 l. 22. haBe? v-ra: some
understand xopvrybu i) 'YU/AVGO'IGFXOV, and infer that the State
made a grant, though they admit that there is no evidence
for this in the case of the hyroup'ylai above mentioned, but
only in the dpxitkwpla and the 'rpnypapxla. (so Westermann).
The Xopn'yol had in fact to make payments and not to receive
them. It is therefore better to understand lime-row iii/. 6511, 'each
of you,' so far as he is respectively concerned in any of the
above festivals (so Blass). Thus the composers of competing
tragedies or comedies know that they must receive a chorus
(xopov hay/Saran) from the Archon ; the Archon, again, knows
that he must receive the names of' the xopn'yol from the officials
connected with the tribes (Aristotle 1. c. ); and the (maehmal
of the great Dionysia know that they must receive a grant of
100 wines from the State towards the expenses of the procession
in the greater Dionysia (ib. ? 4).
324. otSe? v: asyndeton; 'nothing is left unascertained or
undefined'; the adjectives may be described as proleptic (? 8
1. 75), or as predicative, giving the result of nae? hn'rai, 1 ? 28.
326. Era-KT' dBl-(ipfiwr' ddpto'd' (tram-0. , 'all is irregular,
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? 112 FIRST'PHILIPPIC' IV ? 36
unsettled, indefinite,' 'unarranged, unrevised, undefined,' opp.
