120, 139; his
position
in 1078, 140;
Gregory VII and, 59, 71 sq.
Gregory VII and, 59, 71 sq.
Cambridge Medieval History - v5 - Contest of Empire and the Papacy
, 64, 134
Patrician of Rome, title given to Henry III,
22; to Henry IV, 42
Pauca palea, the canonist, 742
Paul of Castro, the commentator, 740
Paul the Deacon, brought from Italy by
Charlemagne, 766, 772
Paulus, Roman jurist, his Sententiae, 721 sqq.
Pavia, councils of (1018), 15 sq. ; (1046), 19,
21; (1049), 25; popular rising against
bishop, 40; rival of Milan, 219 sq. , 230;
consuls at, 220; favours Frederick I, 417
sq. , 426, 428, 440, 442, 445; Frederick I
holds synod at, 433, 436; law-school at,
732 sqq. ; 139, 465, 662, 664
Payerne, abbey, 662, 664
Peace of God, in Germany, 143; and
communes, 635 sq.
Peak Castle, 556, 568
Peckham, John, archbishop of Canterbury,
and the state of the monasteries, 687; his
attacks on Aquinas, 822
Pedites, in Italian cities, 236 sq.
Peene, river, 398
Pelagius II, Pope, attitude to celibacy, 12
Pelagonia, Normans at, 182
Pelavicini, feudal lords of Lombardy, 225
Pembroke, castle of Arnulf of Montgomery
at, 525, 530; earldom of, created by
Stephen, 546; earls of, see Clare, Marshall,
Strongbow
Pembrokeshire, Flemish colony in, 535
Peñafort, Raymond de, Spanish jurist, 748;
compiles Gregory IX's Decretals, 714
Pencader, 556
Penthièvre, 498, 504
Pepin, King of Italy, son of Charlemagne,
and city of Piacenza, 211
Pepo, the glossator, 737
Perche, 530
Perpignan, commune of, 631, 640, 643
Persia, bishopric founded in, 326
Perth, 517
Perugia, its position in Umbria, 228 sq.
Peter, King of Aragon, acknowledges papal
authority, 90
Peter Damian, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, 3, 13
note, 19, 26, 28; early life of, 33; legate at
Milan, 38, 41 sq. , 48; letters of, to Cadalus
and Henry IV, 43 sq. ; his Disceptatio
Symodalis, 44; opinion of the Lombard
bishops, 42; goes to France, 46; compels
Henry IV to take back his wife, 117; death
of, 49; his asceticism, 667; and canons
regular, 678; his philosophical works, 792;
34, 39, 45, 92
Peter Morrone (Pope Celestine V), founds the
Celestine Order, 688
Peter Pierleoni, cardinal of St Calixtus (anti-
Pope Anacletus II), election of, 363; sup-
ported by Roger II, and creates him King
of Sicily, 186 sq. , 364; appeals to Lothar
III, 342, 363; tries to justify his claim
before Lothar, 365; death of, 368
Peter Pisano, cardinal, won over to Innocent
IV by St Bernard, 368
Peter of La Châtre, archbishop of Bourges,
605, 607
Peter, bishop of Amalfi, 29
Peter the Lombard, bishop of Paris, his
philosophy, 803 sq.
Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny, 666
Peter, abbot of Farfa, 5
Peter, abbot of La Celle, on Becket, 557
Peter, abbot of Monte Cassino, 32
Peter, prefect of Rome, 418
Peter the Hermit, his preaching of the First
Crusade and journey to Constantinople,
275 sqq. ; his importance a legend, 299
Peter, grand chamberlain, minister in Sicily,
196
Peter, count of Taranto, rebels against
Guiscard, 180
Peter of Trani, rebels against Guiscard,
178
Peter Bartholomew, finder of the Holy Lance,
295
Peter of Eboli, rhyming chronicler, on
marriage of Henry VI and Constance,
456 note; on Tancred, 202, 461
Peter of Pisa, learned Italian, 772
Peter of Studley, 576
Peterborough, 505, 684
Peterborough Chronicle, 481, 519, 549,
552
Peter's Pence xi, 19, 90
Petrarch, and the commentators, 739 sq.
Petronilla (Alice), second wife of Ralph of
Vermandois, 606
Pevensey, 500, 521, 530 sq.
Peverel family, fiefs of, 506, 511; honour
of, 568
Peverel, William, 506
Peverel, William, becomes a monk, 555
Philagathus, archbishop of Piacenza (anti-
Pope John XVI), 1
Philaretus (Philard), governor of Antioch,
263 note
Philip I, King of France, and simony, 9;
relations with Gregory VII, 81; his case at
the Council of Piacenza, 94; excommuni.
cated by Urban II at the Council of
Clermont, 89, 94; relations with Paschal
II, 99, 101; proposes marriage-alliance
with Roger I of Sicily, 183; and First
Crusade, 273; ally of Robert Curthose,
519, 526; 95, 126, 592, 601
Philip II Augustus, King of France, his
enmity to Henry II, 572; relations with
Frederick I, 397; and the fall of Henry
the Lion, 407; alliance with Frederick I,
## p. 989 (#1035) ###########################################
Index
989
409;
and Third Crusade, 310 sqq. , 322,
462; relations with Henry VI,467 sqq. ; 647
Philip, King of the Romans, duke of Swabia,
younger son of Frederick I, appointed to
see of Würzburg, 466; becomes duke of
Tuscany, 472; marries Irene, daughter of
Isaac Angelus, 473, 479; 477
Philip, half-brother of Louis VI, 596
Philip of Heinsberg, chancellor, archbishop
of Cologne, 393, 448; crowns Henry VI,
443; enemy of Henry the Lion, 403; re-
ceives Westphalia, 406, 408; his hostile
attitude to Frederick I, 407; his strong
position, 408, 458; submits to Frederick I,
409, 459; 460, 467
Philip, margrave of Namur, second son of
Baldwin of Hainault, 411
Philip, count of Flanders, and the fall of
Henry the Lion, 407; 411, 614, 619
Philip de Mezières, his enthusiasm for a new
crusade, 319
Philippopolis, 281, 411
Philomelium, Alexius at, 294
Philosophy, in the Middle Ages, Chap. XXIII;
character of ancient philosophy, 781;
Neo-Platonism and Christianity, 781 sq. ;
philosophy and theology, 782; John the
Scot, 784 sqq. ; decline of philosophy after
him, 788; Aristotle and Plato, 789 sq. ;
influence of Macrobius on, 790; importance
of dialectic, 790 sq. ; Sylvester II and, 791;
Berengar and Peter Damian, 792; Anselm
and, 792 sqq. ; Nominalism and Realism,
794 sq. ; Roscelin, 796; Abelard, 797 sqq. ;
Hugh of St Victor, 800 sqq. ; Peter the
Lombard, 803 sq. ; John of Damascus, 805;
John of Salisbury, 805 sqq. ; the school of
Chartres, 809 sq. ; intellectual progress in
the twelfth century, 810; the thirteenth
century, 810 sqq. ; translations of Aristotle,
811 sqq. ; Muslim philosophy, 814 sqq. ;
Aristotelianism in the thirteenth century,
817 sqq. ; Thomas Aquinas, 819 sqq. ;
Averroism, 821 sq. ; opposition to Aquinas,
822 sq. ; the Church and, 823 sqq. ; Duns
Scotus, 827 sqq.
Photius, patriarch, commentator on Greek
canon law, 708
Piacenza, council at, under Henry IV (1076),
66, 135; council of (1095), 93 sqq. , 146, 272
sq. ; early trade-corporation at, 210; early
institutions in, 211; class war at, 220 note;
new walls of, 225; geographical position
of, 229; ally of Milan, 230; a rival of
Parma, Cremona, and Modena, 230; pre-
rogatives of bishop at, 232; growth of
power of Council at, 234; institution of
podestà at, 238; Lothar III at, 364;
Frederick I near, 415; league with Milan,
194, 426, 430; submits to Frederick I,
428; punishment of, 435; peace negotiated
at, 452; 21, 47
Picardy, 498 sq. , 527
Pierleone, riots on Paschal's attempt to make
him prefect of Rome, 96, 105
Pierleoni, family of, financial supporters of
the Papacy, xi; assist Urban II at Rome,
91, 95; lose power on defeat of Roger II,
368; 363; see also Benedict, Jordan, Leo,
Peter, Pierleone
Pierrefonds, 615
Pierron, son of Amyas, Norman leader,
171
Pilgrim, archbishop of Cologne, 2, 18
Pilgrimages to Jerusalem, 269
Pipe Roll, begun by Roger of Salisbury, 534;
under Henry II, 573
Pisa, earlier wars with the Muslims, 226,
266; geographical position of, 208, 227 sqq. ;
rivalry with Lucca, 214, 227 sq. ; rivalry
with Genoa, 226 sqq. , 316 sq. ; new walls
of, 225; beginning of commune at, 220;
grant of Henry IV to, 220 note, 223;
consuls at, 221; first podestà at, 238;
development of commerce of, 226 sq. ;
during crusades, 239, 312, 329; Innocent II
at, 365 sq. ; sends ships to aid Lothar III,
367; negotiations of Conrad III with, 379
sq. ; alliance with Frederick I, 196, 418,
435, 439 sqq. ; peace with Sicily, 443;
alliance with Henry VI, 201, 203, 463 sq. ,
470 sq. ; refuses to join Tuscan league in
1197, 228; wars with Florence, ib. ; death
of Gregory VIII at, 459; 94, 105
Pistoia, hostility to Florence, 228
Placentinus, the glossator, 737
Plato, medieval knowledge of, 789 sq. ; and
the school of Chartres, 809
Pleichfeld, Henry IV defeated at, 144 sq.
Plotinus, 781 sq.
Plotislav (Pribislav), bequeaths Brandenburg
to Albert the Bear, 344, 357
Plumpton, Gilbert de, 578
Pluscarden, monastery, 678
Plynlimon, 525
Poblet, abbey, 695
Podestà, establishment of, in Italian cities,
237 sq. ; Frederick Barbarossa and, 427 sqq.
Pöhlde, 15, 23
Poictiers, council of (1000), forbids clerical
marriage, 14; council of (1078), 82
Poissy, 493
Poitou, 498, 527, 551, 567, 605, 609, 613, 671
Poix, 527
Polabia, 344
Poland, Church in, relations with Gregory
VII, 85; rebels against Emperor Henry IV,
113, 130 sq. ; Henry V and, 155, 165;
Lothar III and, 345; Conrad III and, 351;
Frederick I and, 388 sq. ; and the Teutonic
Knights, 333; monasticism in, 677; 355
Pole, William de la, 692
Polignac, viscount of, 615
Politian, Angelo, humanist, 741
Pomerania, Henry the Lion and, 400, 403;
missions in, 110, 165, 400; 343, 355
Pons, count of Tripolis, 302
Pons, abbot of Cluny, 666
Pontaudemer, 491
Pont-du-Château, castle of, 598
## p. 990 (#1036) ###########################################
990
Index
Prussia, East, Teutonic Order in, 332 sq.
Pudicus, bishop of Nantes, 26 sq.
Puiset, Le, castle and family, 593 sqq. , 620
Puiset, Hugh de, count of Bar, 570
Puiset, Hugh, bishop of Durham, rebels,
568, 570
Puiset, Hugh, lord of Le, 594 sqq. , 602
Pulsano, the Order of, 688
Pyrenees, valley communes of the, 630, 651
sq. , 654 sqq. ; southern boundary of Henry
II, 551, 554
Pontecorvo, 416
Ponte Lucano, Frederick I at, 421
Ponthieu, county of, 495, 530, 543, 651 sq.
Pontigny, abbey of, 672 sq. , 678
Popes, legitimate, see Agapetus, Alexander
II, III, IV, VI, Anastasius II, IV, Bene-
dict VIII, IX, XII, Boniface VIII, IX,
Celestine II, III, V, Clement II, III, IV, V,
Damasus II, Eugenius II, III, IV, Gelasius
I, II, Gregory I, II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,
IX, XI, XII, XIII, Hadrian I, IV, Honorius
II, III, Innocent I, II, III, IV, VIII, John
VIII, X, XII, XIX, XXII, Leo I, IV, VIII,
IX, Lucius II, III, Nicholas I, II, IV,
Paschal II, Sergius IV, Siricius, Sixtus IV,
Stephen III, IV, IX, Sylvester I, II, Urban
II, III, IV, V, Victor II, III, Zosimus;
anti-Popes, see Albert, Anacletus II (Peter
Pierleoni), Benedict X (John Mincius),
Calixtus III (John of Struma), Clement III
(Guibert), Gregory VIII (Burdinus), Hono.
rius II (Cadalus), John XVI (Philagathus),
Pascha) III (Guido of Crema), Sylvester III
(John of Sabina), Sylvester IV (Maginulf),
Theodoric, Victor IV (Octavian)
Popolani, or plebeians, rise of, in Italian
cities, 218 sqq.
Poppo, patriarch of Aquileia, 18
Poppo, archbishop of Trèves, and election of
Bruno to Toul, 24
Poppo, bishop of Brixen, see Damasus II,
Pope
Poppo, bishop of Metz, 92
Poppo, abbot of Stablo, 2 sq. , 18
Porphyry, 782
Portugal, monasticism in, 677, 683; military
orders in, 683
Posen, 351
Posidonius, the Stoic, 790
Pothier, his Pandectae Justinianeae in novum
ordinem redactae, 752
Powys, Welsh district, 525, 530
Prague, bishopric at, 4; 113 note, 352
Praxedis (Adelaide), marries Henry IV, 145;
her charges against him, 94, 146; her end,
146
Préaux, monastery of, 491
Premonstratensian Order, the, 680 sq. ; their
missionary work in Brandenburg, 343; in
Pomerania, 400; 553
Prémontré, monastery, 680
Pressburg, fortress in Hungary, 352
Preston Bisset, 580
Pribislav of Brandenburg, see Plotislav
Pribislav, Wendish prince, 344
Pribislav, son of Nicl his wars with Henry
the Lion, 398
Proclus, 785; translated by William of
Moerbeke, 814, 820
Provence, communes in, 627, 650; count of,
627, 629, 645; house of Zähringen and,
384, 390
Provins, receives a charter, 639
Prudentius of Troyes, and private churches, 8
Prudhoe, castle of, 570 sq.
Qairawān, capital of Barbary, 258; limit of
Roger II's conquests in Africa, 190
Qalāʻūn, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, makes
truce with Christians, 317; captures
Markab, 317; and Tripolis, ib.
Qarlū, Turkish leader, 262 note
Qarmatian sect of Shi'ites, 244 sqq. ; their
hostility to Abbasid Caliphs, 244; seize
the Black Stone, ib. ; defeated by Muktafi,
245; rivalry with Fāțimites, 248 sq. ;
schism among, 248
Qasim-ad-Daulah Āq-sonqor, see Āq-songor
Qassām, emir of Damascus, 249
Qilij-Arslān I, Dā’ūd, Sultan of Rūm, de-
feats crusaders at Cibotus, 276; 279;
defeated by crusaders at Dorylaeum, 286
sq. ; his defeat at Antioch, 293 note
Qilij-Arslān II, Sultan of Rum, and the
Third Crusade, 412
Qinnasrin, battle of, 245
Quadripartitus, legal tract, 535
Quadrivium, the, 765
Quedlinburg, Henry the Proud dies at, 347;
synod at (1095), 87, 143, 145; 150, 159
Quintisext in Trullo, Council, 11, 708
Qutuz, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, defeats
the Tartars, 317
Rabanus Maurus, archbishop of Mayence,
778 sq. , 784
Radewin, Florens, and the congregation of
Windesheim, 694
Radnor, 525
Radulphus Ardens, his philosophy, 801
Rafaniyah, 252, 257, 261 sq.
Rafred, abbot of Farfa, 5
Rahabah, 259, 263
Rainald of Dassel, archbishop of Cologne,
chancellor, 393, 396, 407; diplomatic
activity, 396 sq. , 619; feud with count-
palatine, 388; in the quarrel over beneficia,
390, 392, 425; on mission in Italy, 426,
428, 437; secures election of anti-Pope
Paschal III, 394, 438; leads force against
Rome, 440; death of, 392, 396, 401, 442
Rainald,countof Burgundy (Franche Comté),
opposed by Lothar III, 337; death of, 389
Rainald, bishop of Como, asked by Gregory
VII for aid, 59
Rainer, see Paschal II, Pope
Rainulf, countof Aversa, Norman adventurer,
169; his character and policy, 169 sq. ;
deserts Sergius IV, and joins Guaimar V,
## p. 991 (#1037) ###########################################
Index
991
170; aids Argyrus to revolt, 171; his death,
171
Rainulf II Trincanocte, count of Aversa, 172
Rainulf, count of Alife, rebels against Roger
II, 186; made duke of Apulia by Lothar,
187, 367 sq.
Ralf of Briquessart, vicomte of the Bessin,
heads revolt against William of Normandy,
493
Ralf of Guader, earl of East Anglia, rebels
against William I, 518
Ralf the Staller, joins William I, 502; 508;
his fiefs, 511
Ralf de Wacy, 493
Ralph, bishop of Bethlehem, 313
Ralph, count of Vermandois, 596; dispute
over his second marriage, 605 sq. ; made
seneschal, 622
Ralph of Beaugency, 597
Ralph of Caen, chronicler, cited, 288 note
Ralph, monk of Clairvaux, preaches crusade
against the Jews, 353
Ralph de Diceto, chronicler, on the Justiciar,
577
Ralph Paganel, see Paganel
Ralph of Soissons, husband of Alice, Queen
of Cyprus, made bailiff of the kingdom of
Jerusalem, 315
Ramlah, battles at, 248; captured by Turks,
262; occupied by crusaders, 295
Ramsey, 549; abbey of, 552, 663, 684, 691
Raniero of Forli, the jurist, 740
Ranulf, earl of Chester, claims on Cumber.
land, 543; 544; rebels against Stephen,
546 sqq. ; favours Henry II, 449, 551;
death of, 555; 556
Ranulf Flambard, bishop of Durham, made
treasurer by William II, 522 sq. ; his ex-
actions, 525; arrested by Henry I, 528;
persuades Robert to invade England, 529;
restored to Durham, 537; his buildings at
Durham, 553
Ranulf de Broc, excommunicated by Becket,
563; besieged, 569
Raqqah, on the Euphrates, 250 sq.
Ratchis, King of the Lombards, and Lombard
law, 730 sq.
Rath, the, beginnings of, 400 note
Ratherius, bishop of Verona and Liège, his
life, 2 sq. ; tries to enforce celibacy, 2, 12;
schools and, 777; deposed, 214
Ratisbon, 4; disturbances at, 149; diet of
(1110), 155 sq. ; Lothar III holds diet at
(1126), 336; diet of (1138), Conrad III
and Henry the Proud at, 346; besieged by
Henry Jasomirgott, 352; diet of (1156),
creates duchy of Austria, 383, 385 sq. ;
diet of (1180), 405; 145, 150, 340, 353, 392,
402, 411
Ratramnus, on the Eucharist, 791
Ratzburg, bishopric of, 356, 399
Ravenna, synod of (1014), 16; Victor II
buried at, 32; early organisation of city
government in, 209 sq. ; enemy of Venice,
230; takes oath of fealty to Frederick I,
426; Markward made duke of, 472; law.
schools at, 734 sq. ; 22, 34, 662, 667
Raymond IV of Saint Gilles, count of
Toulouse, seeks alliance of Roger I of
Sicily, 183; joins the First Crusade, 272
sq. ; his position among the leaders, 274;
at Constantinople, 283; relations with
Alexius, 283 sqq. ; before Antioch, 289 sqq. ;
his support of Alexius, 294 sq. ; marches
on Jerusalem, 295; share in its capture,
296; refuses princedom of Jerusalem, 296;
his jealousy of Godfrey, 300; his death, 302
Raymond V, count of Toulouse, and Henry
II, 612, 614
Raymond of Poitou, prince of Antioch, 302,
307
Raymond III, count of Tripolis, guardian of
Baldwin IV and Baldwin V, 309; relations
with Guy de Lusignan, 310; death of,
310, 313
Raymond IV, count of Tripolis, resigns
county to Bohemond IV of Antioch, 313
Raymond, archbishop of Toledo, his transla-
tions from Arabic, 811
Raymond-Berengar I, count of Barcelona,
his feudal code, 729 note
Raymond-Berengar III, count of Barcelona,
his agreement with Roger II, 185
Raymond du Puy, grand-master of the
Hospitallers, 306
Raymond of Agiles, Provençal chronicler, on
First Crusade, 284 note; on numbers of
crusaders, 297 sq.
Raynald of Bâgé, appeals Louis VII, 616
Raynard, abbot of Câteaux, 674
Reading, abbey of, 564
Realism, and Nominalism, 794 sq.
Recared, Visigothic King, laws of, 726
Receswinth, Visigothic King, and Visigothic
law, 726
Rector, personates Michael VII, 181
Redvers, Baldwin de, earl of Devon, rebels,
543; made earl by Matilda, 547; 580
Redvers, Richard de, given barony, 536
Regalia, definition of, 117 sq. ; in Rome,
429 sq. ; in Lombardy, 427
Reggio, a rival of Parma, Cremona, and
Modena, 230
Reggio, in Calabria, 173 sqq.
Reginald of Chatillon, marries Constance of
Antioch, 308; supports Guy of Lusignan,
309; his breach of truce with Saladin, 310
Reginald, earl of Cornwall, half-brother of
Matilda, made earl, 547; adviser of Henry
II,555,559,568 sqq. ; supports Henry II,569
Reginhard, bishop of Liège, 17
Reichenhall, salt mines of, 400
Reiner of Waxham, 578
Reinhard, bishop of Halberstadt, his sub-
mission to Henry V, 159
Remiremont, nunnery, 671
Rémy, St, miracle by, 25
Rémy, Philip de, see Beaumanoir
Rennes, count of, see Alan
Reun, Cistercian abbey, 676
## p. 992 (#1038) ###########################################
992
Index
Rheims, council of (Oct. 1049), 25 sqq. , 30,
46, 494; synod at (1119), 106, 603; council
at (1148), 550; 604; commune of, 631 sq. ,
634, 638; archbishop of, made primate of
Belgica Secunda, 89 sq. ; 32, 87, 466
Rheinfelden, house of, end of, 146; see
Berthold, Rudolf, anti-king
Rhine, river, 69, 115, 136, 149, 382, 407;
Rhine district, 52, 119, 131, 139, 148, 151,
157 sq. , 339, 459; Rhine towns, 120, 123,
132, 139, 150 sq. ; counts. palatine of, see
Conrad,Godfrey, Henry, Herman, Siegfried
Rhone, river, 614, 616, 664
Rhuddlan, castle of, 537; 525
Rhys ap Gruffydd, prince of Deheubarth,
and Henry II, 556 sq.
Rhys ap Tewdwr, prince of Deheubarth, and
William II, 525
Richard I, King of England, 408; relations
with Tancred, 201, 462; as duke of
Aquitaine, 567, 613; rebels, 567, 569, 572,
614; in the Third Crusade, 310 sqq. , 462;
supports Henry the Lion, 465; captured
by Leopold of Austria, and handed over
to Henry VI, 467; negotiations for his
release, 467 sq. ; released, 468 sq. ; enfeoffed
with the kingdom of Arles, 469, 472; 575
Richard I, duke of Normandy, 483; condition
of Normandy under, 484; 487
Richard II, duke of Normandy, 169; his
rule, 484 sqq. ; founds monasteries, 484;
death of, 490
Richard III, duke of Normandy, 490
Richard I, count of Aversa, prince of Capua,
captures Benedict X, 36; his conquests,
173; invested with Capua by Nicholas II,
175; protects Alexander II, 43, 178;
ravages Campania, 45, 178; relations
with Gregory VII, 76 sq. , 178 sqq. ; and
Desiderius (Victor III), 86; death of, 77,
180; 181
Richard II, prince of Capua, acknowledges
suzerainty of Roger Borsa, 183
Richard, earl of Cornwall, in Syria, 315
Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, 568
Richard, archbishop of Narbonne, as abbot
of Marseilles and papal legate, attacks
Victor III, 87; created archbishop, 88
Richard of Ilchester, bishop of Winchester,
558; excommunicated by Becket, 563;
made bishop, 568
Richard, abbot of St Vannes, 2 sq. , 10, 20;
and Robert I of Normandy, 491
Richard, count of Acerra, leads Norman
army against Byzantium, 199; supports
Tancred, 201; defeats German army, 462;
fights against Henry VI, 464; death of, 479
Richard of Aquila, count of Fondi, revolts
against William I, 195
Richard of Clare, see Clare, Richard of
Richard, count of Molise, one of Council of
Ten in Sicily, 197
Richard, son of Robert, count of Évreux, 487
Richard of Ajello, succeeds his father as
chancellor of Sicily, 470
Richard of Anesty, his law-suit, 588
Richard Filangieri, bailiff of Frederick II in
Palestine, 303, 315
Richard Fitz Nigel, treasurer, writes Dialogus
de Scaccario, 573 sq. ; 579
Richard the Kaid, one of Council of Ten in
Sicily, 197
Richard of San Germano, chronicler, 200
note
Richenza, daughter of Henry the Fat, heiress
to Brunswick and Nordheim, 152 sq. , 334;
marries Lothar of Supplinburg, ib. ; in-
tervenes to reconcile Frederick of Swabia
and Lothar III, 340; crowned by Innocent
II at Liège, 364; accompanies Lothar
across Alps, 364; crowned in the Lateran,
365; attends coronation of Conrad III,
346; aids Henry the Proud in Saxony,
347; guardian of Henry the Lion, 348;
death of, 349
Richer, archbishop of Sens, protests against
primacy of Lyons, 89
Richer of L'Aigle, 536
Richmond, honour of, 522; earldom, 586;
see Alan, Conan
Ridel, Geoffrey, bishop of Ely, 568, 579
Ridwan, Fakhr-al-mulūk, emir of Aleppo,
264, 293
Rieti, 5, 198, 457, 462
Rievaulx, Cistercian abbey, 676
Rigaud, Eudes, archbishop of Rouen, his
Regestrum Visitationum, 685, 687
Rigomer, St, 771
Rimo, abbot of Farfa, poisoned at Rome, 5
Ripen, 386
Ripon, church of St Wilfrid at, 544
Ris, monastery, 664
Robert I, duke of Normandy, his rule, 490
sqq. ; goes on pilgrimage to Jerusalem,
491 sq. ; death of, 492
Robert II Curthose, duke of Normandy,
Maine claimed for, 495, 517; relations
with William I, 518 sq. ; bequeathed
Normandy by William I, 520; relations
with William Rufus, 521 sqq. ; pawns
Normandy to William Rufus, 527; in
the First Crusade, 274, 282, 527; reaches
Constantinople, 283; at Nicaea, 285; at
Dorylaeum, 286; at Antioch, 290; marches
on Jerusalem, 295; his position on the
death of William II, 528; returns to
Normandy, 529; invades England, ib. ;
attacked by Henry I, 530; defeated at
Tinchebrai and imprisoned, 531, 601;
Louis VI on the imprisonment of, 603
Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, son of
Tancred de Hauteville, 65, 170, 493;
his character and policy, 172; count of
Apulia, 173 sq. ; does fealty to Nicholas II,
175; recognised as duke of Apulia, ib. ;
expedition to Sicily, 176 sqq. ; drives out
Byzantines, 176; quarrels with Roger,
177; his division of Sicily, 177 sq. ; inter-
necine Norman wars, 178 sqq. ; relations
with Gregory VII, 54, 76 sq. , 79, 178 sqq. ;
## p. 993 (#1039) ###########################################
993
Rockingham, William II holds a council at,
526
Rodolf, Norman adventurer, 169
Rodulf Glaber, chronicler, on Benedict IX, 17
Roeskilde, German settlers at, driven out by
Magnus, 344
Roffredus of Benevento, glossator, 737
Roger Borsa, duke of Apulia, succeeds his
father Guiscard, 86, 182; weakness of his
rule, 182 sq. , 185; invested by Urban II,
90; death of, 101 note
Roger I, count of Sicily, son of Tancred de
Hauteville, 170; comes to Italy and helps
Guiscard, 173; quarrels with Guiscard,
173 sq. , 177; plays chief part in conquest
of Sicily, 176 sqq. ; aids Roger of Apulia,
183; his settlement of Sicily, ib. ; privileges
obtained from Urban II, 90, 105, 184; and
Paschal II, 105; 95
Roger II, King of Sicily, his debt to Roger I,
184; succeeds as count, 184; seizes Apulia,
185, 362; his administration, 185 sq. ; and
monasticism, 688; crowned king, 186; his
enemies, ib. ; rebellion against, 186 sq. ;
wars with Lothar III, 187, 345, 364 sqq. ;
relations with Papacy, 187 sq. , 377; with
Conrad III, 188, 350, 353, 356; attack on
Eastern Empire, 188 sq. ; his projected
league against Byzantium, 189, 375; his
conquests in Africa, 189 sq. ; and the
Second Crusade, 374 sq. ; his death, 190;
character of his kingdom, ib. , 204 sqq.
Roger III of Sicily, son of Tancred of Sicily,
marriage with Irene, 202, 473; predeceases
Tancred, 202, 470
Roger, eldest son of Roger II, 185, 201,
461
Roger, eldest son of William I of Sicily, 195;
his death, 197
Roger Fitz-Richard, prince of Antioch, 301
sq.
Roger de Pont l'Evêque, archbishop of York,
and Henry II, 559; and Becket, 563; sup-
ports Henry II, 571
Roger, bishop of Salisbury, organises the
exchequer, 533 sq. ; and itinerant justices,
534; arrested by Stephen, 545; his death,
ib.
Roger, earl of Hereford, rebels against
William I, 518
Roger, earl of Hereford, and Henry II, 555
Roger of Montgomery, earl of Shrewsbury,
founds monasteries, 497; his fiefs in
England, 511, 524; erects castles, 512;
his Welsh conquests, 525
Roger, count of Acerra, evolts against
William I, 195
Roger, count of Andria, 448; a candidate
for the throne of Sicily, 201, 461; revolts
against Tancred, 462; his death, 462
Roger, count of Geraci, one of Council of
Ten in Sicily, 197
Roger de Toeni, founds monasteryat Conches,
493
Roger of Howden, chronicler, on Henry II's
63
Index
reconciliation with Richard of Capua, and
attack on Benevento, 77, 86, 179; renewed
revolt in Apulia, 180 sq. ; treaty of Ceprano
with Pope, 77, 180 sq. ; his Eastern ambi-
tions, xiv, 77, 181; his attack on Byzan-
tium, 181 sq. ; sack of Rome by, 79, 182;
death of, 86, 89, 182
Robert, prince of Capua, aids Honorius II,
185, 362; submits to Roger II, 185; rebels,
186; flees to Byzantium, 187; restored,
192; flees from William I, 192
Robert de Courçon, 314; papal legate, pro-
hibits Aristotle in Paris, 818
Robert, abbot of Jumièges, becomes bishop
of London, 493
Robert, abbot of Molesme, founds Citeaux,
672
Robert, abbot of Reichenau, deposed for
simony, 125
Robert of Bellême, earl of Shrewsbury,
supports Robert of Normandy, 522 sq. ;
rebels against Henry I and is banished,
529 sq. ; submits in Normandy, 531; 542;
his imprisonment, 603
Robert of Caen, see Gloucester, earl of
Robert of Commines, earl of Bernicia, 503 sq.
Robert, count of Dreux, attempts to rebel
against Louis VỊI, 608
Robert, count of Évreux, son of Richard I
of Normandy, 487, 492
Robert I, the Frisian, count of Flanders,
135, 599; leads pilgrimage to Jerusalem,
269; helps Alexius against Turks, 270,
272
Robert II, count of Flanders, relations with
Henry IV, 148; expedition of Henry V
against, 155; and First Crusade, 274, 282;
reaches Constantinople, 283; 289 sq. , 295
Robert, count of Loritello, 178; his conquests
recognised by Pope, 180
Robert, count of Loritello, revolts against
William I of Sicily, 192; revolts again,
195
Robert, count of Mortain, half-brother of
William I, 496, 506, 508, 521
Robert of Bampton, 543
Robert Crispin, Norman adventurer, 181
Robert of Montescaglioso, rebels against
Guiscard, 180
Robert of Poitou, lord of Lancaster, banished
by Henry I, 530
Robert of Rhuddlan, 525
Robert, son of Winmarc, favours William I,
502; 508
Robert of Arbrissel, an anchorite, 670;
founds Fontevrault, 671; founds Cadouin,
673
Robert of Cricklade, abridges Pliny's Natural
History, 553
Robert the monk, his report of Urban II's
speech at Clermont, 265
Robert, monk, cousin of St Bernard, 666
Rochefort-en-Iveline, castle of, 593, 596 sq. ,
612, 620
Rochester, 511, 521, 525, 558, 567
C. MED. H. VOL. V.
## p. 994 (#1040) ###########################################
994
Index
position in Stephen's reign, 554; on
Glanville's treatise, 578 sq.
Roland of Parma, sent by Henry IV to deliver
sentence of deposition to Gregory VII,
66 sq.
Roland Bandinelli, see Alexander III, Pope
Rollo, duke of Normandy, 483
Romainmôtier, monastery of, 664
Romanus III, Eastern Emperor, his attack
on Aleppo, 256 sq.
Romanus IV Diogenes, Eastern Emperor,
176, 261
Romanus, senator of Rome, see John XIX,
Pope
Romanus, Consul, Roman noble, 17
Rome, passim; need for reform of Church at,
14; held by Guibert on Urban II's acces-
sion, 90; sack of, by Guiscard, 79, 182;
early organisation of city government in,
209 sq. ; the Senate in commune of, 234;
communal rising at, 368 sqq. ; letter to
Conrad III, 370, 380; Arnold of Brescia
at, 371 sqq. ; sends envoys to Frederick I,
430; fighting at, on coronation of Frederick
I, 421; 496, 526, 531 sq. , 559, 562, 605;
law-schools at, 733 sq. ; Ecumenical
Councils at, see Lateran; other councils
and synods at:—(826), 8; (1047), 22 sq. ;
(1049), 25; (1050), 25, 27 sq. , 30; (1051),
25, 28; (1053), 25, 28; (1059), 13 note,
36 sqq. , 42, 46, 51 sq. , 110, 114; (1060),
38; (1063), 46; (1073), 4, 49; (1074), 61,
77; (1075), 62 sqq. , 77, 81; (1076), 55,
66 sq. , 135; (1078), 73, 77, 180; (1079),
55, 73 sq. ; (1080), 74, 141; (1081), 77;
(1083), 78 sq. , 87; (1099), 95, 531; (1102),
99; (1110), 101; (1112), 103; (1116), 103
Romsey minster, 553
Romuald, archbishop of Salerno, one of
Council of Ten in Sicily, 197; 448
Romuald of Ravenna, 1; founder of the Order
of Camaldoli, 667
Roncaglia, Lothar III holds diet at, 364;
Frederick I holds diet at (1154), 415, 417;
diet of (1158), 117 note, 383, 427
Ronçal, 655
Ronceray, nunnery at, 671
Rosate, destroyed by Frederick I, 417
Roscelin, his contest with Anselm, 794 sqq.
Rossano, 1; Otto II defeated by Muslims at,
266
Rothari, King of the Lombards, and Lombard
law, 211; 723, 730 sq.
Rotrou, archbishop of Rouen, 563 sq. ; sent
by Henry II to negotiate with Louis VII,
614
Rouen, 483, 486 sq. , 494, 519 sq. , 523, 531,
541 sq. , 551, 571, 601, 614; commune of,
626 sq. , 631, 647; trade of, 644; province
of, placed under primacy of Lyons, 83 sq. ;
diocese, of, 491; cathedral, 491; arch-
bishop of, 550
Round, J. H. , on Freeman's view of the
battle of Hastings, 501 note; on the Grand
Assize, 587
Roussel de Bailleul, 181; aspires to throne
of Byzantium, 171
Roussillon, communes in, 627, 640, 643
Rouvres, commune, 630
Roxburgh, castle of, 571
Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Ssaba,
anti-king, 58; made duke, 113; his two
marriages, ib. ; at battle on the Unstrut,
133; his change of attitude, 134 sq. ;
elected king, 71, 117, 138; crowned at
Mayence, 139; forced to abandon Mayence.
120, 139; his position in 1078, 140;
Gregory VII and, 59, 71 sq. , 74, 140;
appoints bishops, 141; defeats Henry IV
at Hohen-Mölsen, 141; death of, 76, 143;
75, 78, 118, 126, 129, 146
Rudolf, margrave of the North Mark, forced
to submit to Henry V, 157
Rudolf, count of Stade, inheritance of, 356,
401
Rudolf of Wied, his claim to archbishoprie
of Trèves, 408, 456
Rufinus, the canonist, 742
Rügen, 345, 387
Russia, put under papal protection by Dmitri,
85; 146
Rusteburg, Albert the Bear seeks shelter at,
347
Ruthard, archbishop of Mayence, letter of
Paschal II to, 100; joins in massacre of
Jews, 147 sq. ; refuses to submit to Henry
IV, 148; supports revolt of Henry V, 150;
158
Rutland, 504, 582
Ruysbroek, Jan, the mystic, 694
Sabbato, river, Roger II defeated at, 186
Sabina, 14, 180
Sābiq, Mirdāsite emir of Aleppo, 261 sqq.
Sachsenspiegel, the, 753 sq.
Sa'd-ad-Daulah, Abu'l-ma'āli, Hamdánid
emir at Aleppo, 250 sq.
Şāfithā, castle, 257
Şahyūn, 249, 312
Sa‘id-ad-Daulah, Hamdānid emir of Aleppo,
251 sqq.
Sa'id ibn Husain, leader of Ismā'ilians, 244;
and foundation of Fātimite Caliphs, ib.
Saif-ad-Daulah 'Ali, Hamdanid ruler of
Diyārbakr, seizes Aleppo, 245; war with
Ikhshid and with Kāfūr, ib. ; war with
Greek Empire, 276; brilliance of his court,
246; his death, 246, 250
St Alban's abbey, 684, 690, 692
Saint Antoine, canons of, 683
St Asaph, see of, 553
St Augustine's abbey at Canterbury, 684
Saint-Bénigne of Dijon, abbey of, 484, 659
St Botolph, Colchester, Austin canons of,
679, 684
Saint-Céneri, castle, 488
Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, treaty of, 483
St David's, William I at, 525; Norman
bishop of, 535
Saint-Denis, monastery of, 659 sq.
## p. 995 (#1041) ###########################################
Index
995
St Dizier, commune, 645
St Donatian, church at Bruges, 598 sq.
St Edmund's abbey at Bury, 684; see Bury
St Edmunds
St Emmeram, monastery at Ratisbon, 663
St Evré, monastery at Toul, 663
Saint-Evroult, monastery of, 488, 497
St Gall, abbey of, 661
Sainte-Geneviève, monastery at Paris, 620
St Gilles, monastery, 680
St Guilhem-du-Désert, monastery, 659
St James of Compostella, shrine, 604
Saint-Jean-de-Laon, monastery, 595
Saint-Jean-de-Losne, 436; Louis VII at,
617 sqq.
St Martin, monastery at Séez, 497
St Martin-des-Champs, monastery, 664
St Martin of Laon, canons of, 680
St Martin of Tours, shrine of, 661
St Mary's at York, monastery, 666, 677, 685,
690
Saint-Maur, abbey, 661; the congregation of,
696
St Maur-des-Fosses, monastery, 662
St Maximin, abbey of, given to Adalbero of
Trèves, 347; monks resent action of
Conrad III, 350 sq. ; Innocent II and, ib.
St Michael of Antwerp, Premonstratensian
abbey, 680
St Omer, gild at, 637; 599 sq.
Saint-Ouen, monastery of, 486, 491; in.
junctions to, 686
St Paul's without the walls, at Rome, 662
St Pierre of Ghent, monastery, 663
Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives, monastery at, 493
St Quentin, commune of, 626, 631 sq. , 649;
dean of, 484
Saint-Ruf, monastery, 415, 679
St Samson and St Avitus, at Orleans, 620
St Saturnin, monastery, 664
St Seine, monastery, 659
St Seine-l'Abbaye, village, 630
St Simeon, port of Antioch, 289, 291
Ste Suzanne, 517 sq.
Saint-Valery, Norman army at, 499
St Vannes, abbey of, 2, 491
St Victor, monastery at Geneva, 664
St Victor, monastery at Marseilles, 661
St Victor, monasteryat Paris, 679,696,800,804
St Vigor, abbey, foundation of, 491
Saint-Wandrille, abbey, revived by Mainard,
484; receives an “alod” from Richard II,
487, 491
Sajūr, river, boundary between Greeks and
Muslims, 247
Saladin, Sultan, rules Egypt for Nūr-ad-
Din, 308 sq. ; displaces Sālih, son of Nūr-
ad-Din, 309; and the Third Crusade,
310 sq. , 409 sqq. ; character of, 312; death
of, ib. , 479
Saladin Tithe, 324
Salamiyah, headquarters of Abdallāh ibn
Maimūn, 244
Salef, Cilician river, Frederick I drowned in,
412
IV,
Salerno, Normans and, Chap. iv passim;
Leo IX holds Council at, 25, 27; last days
and death of Gregory VII at, 79 sq. ;
Lothar III fails to capture, 367; William I
of Sicily and, 196; the Empress Constance
captured at, 464; captured and sacked,
470 sq. , 203; 76, 186 sq. , 462, 491, 668;
princes of, see Gisulf, Guaimar
Salian line, extinction of, 165; inheritance
of, 335 sq. ; see also Conrad II, Henry III,
, V
$ālih ibn Mirdās, founds Mirdāsite dynasty
at Aleppo, 255
Şāliḥ, son of Nūr-ad-Din, displaced by
Saladin, 309
Salisbury, 483, 504, 511; oath of, 520;
merchant gild at, 538; bishop of, 564;
earl of, 314; Patrick, earl of, 580; see also
William Longespée
Salomo, King of Hungary, son of Andrew
of Hungary, 85, 113; marriage with Judith,
113; temporarily restored, 115; expelled
by his cousin Géza, 133; 130
Saltwood, 558
Saluzzo, marquesses of, foes of Asti, 229
Salzburg, opposition to Frederick I in
province of, 395 ; 400
Samson, archbishop of Rheims, and the
commune, 634
Sancerre, count of, 614
Sandwich, 538
San Frediano, at Lucca, canons of, 678
San Germano, 464
San Gervasio, early commune at, 225
San Giorgio in Alga, monastery, 693,
695
San Marco, Robert Guiscard at, 172
San Michele, at Murano, congregation of,
667
San Quirico, Frederick I at, 418
Sant' Andrea, monastery, 5
Sant' Apollinare in Classe, monastery, 667
Santa Giustina, abbey of, 693
Santa Maria dei Campi, abbey, 692
Santiago, Order of, 333
Santi Vincenzo ed Anastagio, Cistercian
monastery, 370, 677
Santo Spirito, hospital at Rome, 673
Saône, river, 397, 617
Saphadin, see 'Adil
Saracens, in South Italy and Sicily, Chap. iv;
in Syria, Chap. vi; seize monastery of
Farfa, 5, 658, 661; revolt in Sicily (1190),
462; 85, 226, 266
Sardinia, Gregory VII claims full authority
over, 85; claimed by Alexander III, 429;
occupied by Muslims, but reconquered, 226,
266; Pisa and Genoa in, 226 sq. , 437 sq. ;
Frederick I and, 437; 56, 677
Sarlo, son of Tancred de Hauteville, 170
Sarthe, river, 488, 495, 517
Saulieu, 672
Sauxillanges, monastery, 664
Savaric, bishop of Bath, and the release of
Richard I, 468 sq.
63-2
## p. 996 (#1042) ###########################################
996
Index
Savigny, congregation of, 670; united to
the Cistercian Order, 677 sq. ; 541, 553
Saviour, Order of the, 694
Savona, city of, agreement with Roger II,
185; grant of Henry II to, 217, 223
Savoy, counts of, 69; see also Humbert III
Saxony, supports Gregory VII, 54, 59, 61;
Agnes the regent and, 114; 115 sq. , 118,
122, 125 sq. ; its peculiar position, 127;
Henry IV and, 68, 127 sqq. ; great revolt
in 1073 of, 60, 130 sqq. ; peace with Henry
at Gerstungen, 132; Henry IV's victory
in, 133 sqq. , 62, 64; renewed revolt of,
135 sqq. ; kingdom of Rudolf confined to,
139 sq. ; opposition to Henry in, 78, 90,
141 sqq. ; end of revolt against Henry IV,
144 sqq. ; 150; Welf power in, foundations
of, 152 sqq. ; revolt of, against Henry V,
157 sqq. , 104; under duke Lothar, 164,
166, 334; Conrad III bestows it on Albert
the Bear, 346; rebellion in, 346 sqq. ;
crusade against the Wends, 354; rule of
Henry the Lion in, 356 sqq. , 401 sqq. ;
Frederick I breaks up the ducby, 405;
granted to Bernard of Anhalt, ib. ; con-
tinued fighting in, 465 sq. ; 336, 340, 460;
dukes of, see Albert, Bernard, Henry,
Lothar, Magnus, Ordulf; count-palatine
of, see Frederick
Scalea, Roger I at, 173
Scandinavia, missionary work of Adalbert
in, 114; its failure, 116; archbishopric of
Lund created for, 356; see also Denmark,
Norway, Sweden
Scarborough, castle, 555
Schleswig, duchy, 344; duke of, see Canute;
see also Denmark
Schleswig, town, 386
Schlumberger, Gustav, on Greek invasion
of Syria, 250 note
Scholasticism, meaning of, 793
Schools, medieval, Chap. XXII; schools of
rhetoric, 765 sq. ; the monastic schools,
767, 772; episcopal schools, 768 sqq. ;
Charlemagne's palace school, 772 sq. ;
post-Carolingian episcopalschools, 776 sq. ;
grammar schools, 779 note
Schwerin, lake of, 355; fortress of, 397, 400;
399; count of, see Guncelin
Scotland, canon lawin, 756 note; monasticism
in, 677 sq. ; William I and, 517 sq. ;
William II and, 524; Henry I and, 529;
Stephen and, 543 sqq. ; Henry II and, 556,
567 sqq. ; Kings of, see David, Donaldbane,
Edgar, Malcolm, William
Scribla, Robert Guiscard at, 172
Séez, monastery of St Martin at, 497; 541,
609
Segeberg, Lothar III builds fortress at, 344;
taken by the Wends, 354; 460
Segni, 414
Seine, river, 491, 526, 536, 661
Selby, abbey, decline of, 686
Seligenstadt, synod of (1023), 9, 16; 411
Seljüq Turks, enter Syria, 259; part played
by them in Egypt, 259 sq. ; conquer Syria,
260 sqq. ; decay of, after death of Malik
Shāh, 264; see also Turks
Selsey, see of, 509, 516
Selymbria, see Silivri
Semlin (Malevilla), crusaders at, 275
Sempringham, the Order of, 682; 553
Senator, meaning of title at Rome, 369 note
Senlis, commune of, 628 sq. , 649
Sens, archbishopric of, Leo IX and freedom
of election, 26; primacy of Lyons over, 83,
89; Alexander III at, 619; archbishop of,
564, 594; commune of, 649
Seprio, county in Lombardy, 427
Seres, in Macedonia, Normans at, 199
Serfdom, in France, 641 sq.
Sergius IV, Pope, 15; his alleged bull as to
restoration of the Holy Sepulchre, 268 sq.
Sergius IV, duke of Naples, calls in aid of
Normans, 169 sq. ; his recognition of a
commune, 216
Servia, Illyrian town, occupied by Normans,
182
Severn, river, 525; valley of, 663
Severus, bishop of Prague, 4
Sfax, in Barbary, massacre of Christians at,
194
Shāh-an-shāh al-Afdal, see Afdal
Shaizar (Caesarea on the Orontes), 252, 308
Shams-al-muluk Duqāg, see Duqaq
Sharāf-ad-Daulah Muslim, emir oi Mosul,
conflict with Tutush, 262 sq.
Shāwar, vizier of Egypt, and Nur-ad-Din,
308
Shene, charterhouse, 692
Sheriffs, under Henry II, 580 sqq. ; the
"Inquest of Sheriffs,'' 581 sqq.
Sherwood Forest, 577
Shi'ite party, the Ismā'ilian and Qarmatian
sects of, 243 sqq.
Shirkūh, uncle of Saladin, conqueror of
Egypt, 308
Shrewsbury, 530, 538, 545
Shrewsbury, earldom of, created, 512,524 sq. ,
530; earls, see Robert of Bellême, Roger of
Montgomery
Shropshire, 504, 529, 580
Sibt ibn al-Jauzi, Arab historian, 262
Sibylla, second wife of Roger II of Sicily,
191 note
Sibylla, Queen of Sicily, wife of Tancred,
regent, 202 sq. ; her war with Henry VI,
203, 470 sg.
Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem, sister of Baldwin
IV, 309 sq.
Sic et Non, the, of Abelard, 799 sq.
Sicard, bishop of Cremona, canonist, 742
Sicily, Chap. iv passim; conquest of, 177 sq. ;
Urban II and, 90; final conquest of, by
Roger I, 183; Roger II crowned king of,
186; hostility of Western and Eastern
Empires to new kingdom, ib. ; position of
kingdom on Roger's death, 190 sq. ; king-
dom of, its position in 1160, 195; English.
men settle in, 198; kingdom of, adminis-
2
## p. 997 (#1043) ###########################################
Index
997
trative organisation of, 203 sq. ; feudalism
introduced, 204; corruption of theocratic
monarchy, 205; wealth of rulers, 206;
644; encouragement of art in, ib. ;
monasticism in, 668; relations with Em.
pire and Papacy, 362, 364 sqq. , 370, 374
sqq. , 416 sqq. , 420 sqq. , 427, 437, 439 sqq. ,
444, 447 sqq. , 452 sq. ; Henry VI and,
456 sq. , 460 sqq. , 469 sqq. , 476, 479;
493; counts and Kings of, see Henry VI,
Roger, Simon, Tancred, William
Sidon, 248, 255, 319; lordship of, 302
Sidonius Apollinaris, 766
Siegfried, archbishop of Mayence, his ap-
pointment and character, 114; wishes to
resign his see, 45; and Gregory VII,
60 sqq. ; and Thuringian tithes, 131; at
Council of Worms, 66; sentenced by
Gregory VII, 67; submits to Gregory VII,
73; crowns anti-king Rudolf at Mayence,
73, 139; expelled from Mayence, 120, 139;
joins cardinal Bernard in excommunica-
tion of Henry IV, 140; death of, 142;
157 note
Siegfried, count-palatine of the Rhine, re-
volts against Henry V, 157; death of, 159
Siegfried of Gorze, and Henry III's second
marriage, 22
Siena, election of Pope Nicholas II at, 35;
geographical position of, 208; dispute
over diocesan boundaries with Arezzo,
212; consuls at, 220 sq. ; financial officials
at, 233; risings in, 458; rivalry with
Florence, 228; annexation of, by Cosimo
of Florence, 226
Sigebod, bishop of Spires, 27
Sigehard, count of Saarbrücken, father of
archbishop Adalbert of Mayence, 158
Siger of Brabant, his De anima intellectiva,
Sixtus IV, Pope, 695
Slavs, German penetration among, 165;
attempts to convert, 114, 116, 333; see
also Wends
Snowdon, 525
Soběslav I, duke of Bohemia, brother of
Vladislav I, and Lothar III, 336 sq. ;
supports Béla's claim to Hungary, 345;
does homage to Conrad III, 346, 351 sq. ;
death of, 352
Soběslav II, duke of Bohemia, appointed by
Frederick I, but removed, 389
Socinus, Bartholomew, jurist, 740
Socinus, Marian, jurist, 740
Sofia, crusaders at, 276
Soissonais, the, 649
Soissons, serfdom at, 642; favourable geo-
graphical position of, 643; influence of
its charter, 649; count of, 607; 2, 680
Solway Firth, boundary of England, 524
Somerset, county, 503, 521, 544 sq. ; earldom
of, created by Matilda, 547; earl of, see
Mohun
Somme, river, 499
Soracte, 5, 421
Southampton, 571
Southwark, 547; priory of, 563
Southwell, 678
Souvigny, 618; abbey, 664
Sovana, birthplace of Gregory VII, 51
Spain, Church in, relations with Gregory VII,
85; abbot Richard of Marseilles legate in,
88; archbishop of Toledo made primate
in, 90; Urban II and, ib. ; Paschal II
formerly legate in, 96; Umayyad dynasty
in, 242; wars with the Muslims in, 267,
611; translators from the Arabic in, 810
sqq. , 817; development of Roman and
canon law in, 743 sqq. ; Visigothic laws,
744 sq. ; the Fuero Juzgo, 745; influence
of Justinianean and canon law, 746; the
Fuero Real, 747; las Partidas, ib. ; 644,
655; monasticism in, 676 sq. , 695 sq.
Spalding, 690
Spinoza, and Adam of Lille, 810
Spires, burial of Henry III at, 31; charters
granted to, 120, 157; devotion of citizens
to Henry IV, 127, 151; Henry IV buried
at, 151; 160; Henry V buried at, 165 ;
persecution of Jews by crusaders at, 277;
the centre of Hohenstaufen resistance to
Lothar III, 338 sq. ; captured by Lothar,
339; Lothar holds diet at (1136), 366 ;
St Bernard preaches Second Crusade at,
351, 355 ; 385 ; diet of (1178), 403
Spoleto, city, Henry IV appoints bishop of,
65; hostility to Perugia, 229; burned by
Frederick I, 422; 36
Spoleto, duchy of, Theobald duke of, 5;
given to Victor II by Henry III, 31;
Normans and, 180; Welf VI duke of, 384;
claimed by Alexander III, 429; Conrad
of Urslingen duke of, 472
Stade, 401; captured by Philip of Cologne,
406; enfeoffed to Henry the Lion, 460;
821 sq.
Sigewin, archbishop of Cologne, proclaims
Peace of God, 143; death of, 145
Sileham, 571
Silivri (Selymbria), sacked by crusaders,
281
Silvester, count of Marsico, governor in
Sicily, 196
Silvestrines, Order of, 688
Simon, count of Sicily, 184
Simon de Sentliz, earl of Northampton,
supports Henry II, 568, 571
Simony, 9 sqq. , 38, 41, 59, 61 sqq. , 81,
Simplicius, translated by William of Moer.
beke, 815
Sinān ibn 'Ulyān, Arab chief, 255
Sinzig, 382
Sion, Berthold IV of Zähringen made advo-
catus of see of, 390
Siponto, council at (1050), 25, 27
Siricius, Pope, and the first Decretal, 12,
709, 711; and child lectors, 768
Sitria, 667
Sitt-al-mulk, sister of Hākim, regent in
Egypt, 255
92 sq.
## p. 998 (#1044) ###########################################
998
Index
captured by Adolf III of Holstein, 465;
count of, see Rudolf
Stafford, borough, 504, 537
Staffordshire, 504, 568, 582
Stamford, borough, 538, 551
Stamford Bridge, battle of, 499 sq.
Standard, battle of the, 544
Stephanus Tornacensis, see Étienne of
Tournai
Stephanus, an Eastern jurist, 717
Stephen III, Pope, and papal elections, 36
Stephen IV, Pope, and papal elections, 36
Stephen IX, Pope (Frederick of Lorraine),
abbot of Monte Cassino, 29 sqq. ; papacy
of, 30, 32 sq. ; death of, 33, 35; 52, 114, 174
Stephen of Blois, King of England, favoured
by Henry I, 537; his fiefs, 537, 541;
swears fealty to Matilda, 540; his claims
to the throne, 541; crowned, 542; oppo-
sition to, 543, 604; Scottish wars, 543
sq. ; his failure in Normandy, 544;
quarrels with the Church, 545; civil war
with Matilda, 545 sqq. ; captured and
released, 547 sq. ; pause in the struggle,
549 sq. ; loses Normandy, 550, 607;
Henry II's invasion, 551, 610; peace with
Henry, 552, 610; dies, 552; character of
his reign, 552 sq.
Stephen I, St, King of Hungary, 85
Stephen II, King of Hungary, death of, 345
Stephen, cardinal, legate in France, 38, 46
Stephen of Chartres, Patriarch of Jerusalem,
313
Stephen of Perche, archbishop of Palermo,
brief rule in Sicily, 197
Stephen, St, founder of the Order of Grand-
mont, 668
Stephen, count of Blois, reaches Constanti-
nople in First Crusade, 283; on strength
of crusaders' army, 289 note; his position
as leader of First Crusade, 292 note; his
alarmist report to Alexius I, 294
Stephen of Obasine, 670
Stettin, saved by bishop Adalbert, 355
Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, 501 sq. ;
Sulaiman ibn Qutulmish, Seljūg emir, 263
Supplinburg, house of, failure of male line
of, 153 sq. ; see also Gebhard, Lothar III
Surrey, county, 582
Surrey, earldom of, created by William
Rufus, 529; 552; earls of, see Warenne,
William of Blois
Sūs, in Barbary, 190
Susa, in Piedmont, 442, 445
Süssel, 354
Sussex, county, 485, 497 sqq. ; no royal
manors kept in, 509; 521, 525; Robert
of Bellême loses his barony in, 529 sq. ;
564, 584
Sussex, earldom of, created by Stephen,
548; earl of, see Albini; see also Arundel
Sutri, synod of (1046), 21; synod of (1059),
36; Guibert at, 96; Henry V confirms
settlement with Paschal II at, 102 ;
Frederick I and Hadrian IV meet near,
418 sqq. ; bishop of, 473
Svatopluk, duke of Bohemia, relations with
Henry V, 165
Svein II Estrithson, King of Denmark, his
meeting with Henry IV, 130; his claims
on England, 482 sq. ; invades England, but
is forced to retire, 504
Svein III, King of Denmark, and the Wends,
355; his civil war with Canute, 386 sq. ;
his treachery and death, 387
Swabia, Agnes appoints Rudolf as duke of,
113; 118, 122, 133; position in, in 1077,
139; Frederick of Hohenstaufen appointed
duke of, 140; 141 sqq. ; supporters of Weli
in, 144 sq. ; 146 sq. ; settlement of duchy,
148 sq. ; power of Hohenstaufen in, 163,
166, 336; Lothar III and, 336 sqq. , 340;
defeat of Hohenstaufen, 340 sq. ; 128 note,
358, 466; dukes of, see Berthold, Frede-
rick, Otto, Philip, Rudolf; count-palatine
of, see Hugh
Sweden, Church in, relations with Gregory
VII, 85; monasticism in, 677, 694
Swine, nunnery, 681 sq.
Switzerland, development of Roman and
canon law in, 755 sq.
Sykelgaita, sister of Gisulf, marries Robert
Guiscard, 174; 182
Sylva Candida, cardinal-bishop of, made
bibliothecarius, 18
Sylvester I, Pope, 85
Sylvester II, Pope (Gerbert of Aurillac), his
philosophical works, 791; views
taken to Normandy, 503; his sees and
fiefs, 510 sq. ; deposed, 516
Stirling, castle of, 571
Strasbourg, 336, 409; peace of (1189), 459,
463
Strongbow, Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare,
earl of Pembroke, conquers Leinster, 565
Stuteville family, 568
Stuteville, Roger de, 580
Stuteville, William de, 571
Styria, march of, created a duchy, 405
Subiaco, monastery, 685
Suffolk, county, 507 sq. , 568
Sufis, philosophy of the, 816
Suger, abbot of St Denis, on Hugh of Le
Puiset, 594 ; Louis VI and, 597 sq. ; 605,
607; opposes Louis VII's crusade, 608,
373; regent, 608; his character and policy,
622 sq. ; 335, 684
Suidger of Bamberg, see Clement II, Pope
simony, 10 sq. ; 3
Sylvester III, anti-Pope, see John, bishop
of Sabina
Sylvester IV, anti-Pope, see Maginulf
Syon, Brigitine monastery, 692, 694 sq.
Syracuse, 176 sq. ; captured by the Normans,
183; surrenders to Henry VI, 471
Syria, see Chaps. VI, VII, VIII; disputed be-
tween Byzantines and Fātimites, 246 sqq. ;
conquered by Seljūgs, 259 sqq. ; invaded
by the First Crusade, 287, 289 sqq. ; see
also Jerusalem, kingdom of
I
on
## p. 999 (#1045) ###########################################
Index
999
Tadcaster, 499
Tāj-ad-Daulah Tutush, see Tutush
Talant, military importance of, 644; 630
Talvas, William, of Bellême, 541; rebels
against Stephen, 543
Tamim, Zairid emir of Africa, 177, 189,
226
Tanchelin, heresy of, 680
Tancred, King of Sicily, count of Lecce,
462; commands fleet of William II of
Sicily, 199; chosen King, 201, 461 sq. ;
relations with Richard I, 201, 462, 468;
his war with Henry VI, 201 sq. , 462 sqq. ,
469 sq. ; concordat of Gravina, 202, 464 sq. ,
467; relations with Byzantium, 202, 470;
dies, 202, 470
Tancred, prince of Antioch, nephew of
Bohemond, joins First Crusade, 274; at
Dorylaeum, 286; his rivalry with Baldwin
in Cilicia, 287 sqq. ; at siege of Antioch,
291 sq. ; marches on Jerusalem, 295; his
rule in Antioch, 301, 304
Tancred de Hauteville, his family, 170
Tancred, son of Tancred de Hauteville,
170
Tancred of Conversano, rebels against
Roger II, 186
Tancred, canonist, and the Ordo Iudiciarius,
743
Tannenberg, defeat of Teutonic Knights at,
333
Taranto, 173, 175 sq. , 192, 203, 464, 471
Taratūs, on Syrian coast, 252, 263
Taronea, abbey, 683
Tarsus, captured by Byzantines, 246; sur-
renders to crusaders, 288; in principality
of Antioch, 301
Tart, first Cistercian nunnery, 681
Tartars, appear in Syria, 317; defeated by
Qutuz, ib. ; missionary effort among, 325
Taxation, papal, x sq. ; ecclesiastical, 323 sq. ;
in Germany under Henry IV, 122 sq. ; in
England, 514, 519, 523, 533 sq. , 538 sq. ,
553, 582 sq. , 585, 590; in Sicily, 206
Tedald, father of Boniface of Tuscany, 23
Tedald, appointed archbishop of Milan by
Henry IV, 65, 134; Gregory VII and, 65
Tees, river, 519
Telham, 501
Tell-as-sultān, see Fasdiq
Tempier, Étienne, and Aquinas, 823
Templars, see Knights Templars
Terracina, Urban II elected at, 87
Terra di Lavoro, the, 195
Teutonic Knights, Order of, 306, 331 sqq. ,
683
Thames, river, 501, 507, 545, 551 sq.
Thebes, sacked by Roger II, 376
Theobald (IV), King of Navarre, count of
Champagne, leads a crusade in 1238, 315
sq. ; his charters to Troyes and Provins,
639
Theobald IV (II), count of Blois, Chartres,
and (1125) Champagne Troyes), wars
with Louis VI and Hugh de Puiset, 594,
597, 602 sq. ; succeeds to Champagne, 604;
the English succession and, 540 sqq. ;
quarrels with Louis VII, 605 sqq.
Theobald V, count of Blois, allies with
Henry 612; 614, 622
Theobald, duke of Spoleto, 5
Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, 545;
re-crowns Stephen, 548; becomes his
enemy, 550; flees to Normandy, 551;
Henry II and, 555; dies, 557
Theodora, wife of Henry Jasomirgott, 385
Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, his
collection of penitentials, 710
Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths, his
Edictum, 723; and schools of rhetoric,
766
Theodoric of Santa Rufina, anti-Pope, 96
Theodoric, cardinal-priest, excommunicates
Henry V, 160; death of, ib.
Theodoric, of Flanders, see Thierry
Theodosian Code, 12, 701, 704, 720 sq. , 730,
741, 745
Theodosius I, Emperor, 433
Theodosius II, Emperor, 739
Theodulf the Visigoth, bishop of Orleans,
and schools, 772, 774 sqq.
Theophilus, reputed author of the Para-
phrase of the Institutes, 717
Theophylact, cardinal, son of Gregory of
Tusculum, see Benedict VIII, Pope
Theophylact, son of Alberic of Tusculum,
see Benedict IX, Pope
Thetford, 511, 538
Thierry (Theodoric) of Alsace, count of
Flanders, secures county, 599 sqq. ; 399
note; on crusade, 308; 607
Thierry of Chartres, and logic, 808
Thierry Galeran, minister of Louis VI,
622
Thietmar, bishop of Hildesheim, 17
Thiron, monastery of, 670, 675, 678, 683
Thirsk castle, 568, 570 sq.
Thomas Becket, see Becket
Thomas of Bayeux, archbishop of York,
516
Thomas of Marle, his cruelty, 593; and
Louis VI, 595 sq.
Thorn, founded by Teutonic Knights, 333
Thorold of Neufmarché, made a guardian
of William I of Normandy, 492
Thumál, brother of Nasr ibn Şāliḥ, 258; his
rule in Aleppo, 258 sq.
Thuringia, title of landgrave in, 119; tithes
in, 131 ; 128, 140 sq. , 148, 158 sq. ; count
of, see Louis; landgraves of, see Herman,
Louis
Thurkil of Arden, 508
Thurstan Goz, vicomte of the Hiesmois,
493
Tiber, river, 78; island in, 91, 96; 661
Tiglieto, Cistercian abbey, 676
Tilleda, 469
Tillières, siege of, by Louis VI, 603
Tīmūr, his zeal for Islām, 326
Tinchebrai, battle of, 531 sq.
## p. 1000 (#1046) ##########################################
1000
Index
Tinnis, in Barbary, 189; pillaged by Nor-
mans, 200
Tintern, Cistercian abbey, 676
Tivoli, anti-Pope Guibert at, 79; hostility
of Rome to, 369; 429
Toledo, council of (531), 11, 769 sq. ; arch-
bishop of, made primate in Spain, 88, 90
Tolomei, Bernardo, founder of the Order
of Monte Oliveto, 688
Tonbridge, 521
Topcliffe, 571
Topoteretes, Ardoin appointed, at Melfi,
170
Toron, barony of the kingdom of Jerusalem,
302; see also Henfrid
Torquemada, cardinal John of, the canonist,
743, 748
Tortona, natural ally of Milan, 230 sq. ;
besieged and destroyed by Frederick I,
418; rebuilt, 422, 426
Tostig, rises against Harold, 499; defeated
and slain, ib.
Toul, 397, 409, 468; monastery of St Aper
Toulon, trade of, 644
Toulouse, Louis VII and, 605, 612, 616;
commune of, 628 sq. , 631, 650; synod at,
39
Toulouse (St Gilles), counts of, Henry II
and, 555 sq. , 562, 588, 611, 614; Louis VII
and, 556, 605, 611 sq. ; Richard I and, 572;
count of, 614, 645; effect of Crusades
on, 328; see also Alphonse-Jourdain,
Raymond
Touraine, 555, 612, 671
Tours, council at (1060), 38, 46; synod at
(1096), 95; province of, placed under
primacy of Lyons, 83; town, 652
Towy, river, 525, 546
Tractatus de investitura episcoporum, pam-
phlet in support of Henry V, 154
Trani, in Apulia, 169, 180, 192
Trapani, 176
Trave, river, 344, 354, 465
Treasurer, office of, under Henry II, 579 sq.
Trecate, destroyed by Frederick I, 417
Trematon, castle of, 530
Trent, city, 345; Council of, 696
Trent, river, 570
Treuga Dei, see Truce of God
Trèves, persecution of Jews by crusaders at,
277; dispute over see of (1183), 395, 407
sqq. , 453, 455 sq. , 458 sq. ; 20, 27
Treviso, disputes with Venice, 230; bishop
cedes feudal rights, 232; 449
Trezzo, captured by Frederick I, 427; re-
captured by Milanese, 428
Tribūr, diet at (1066), 116; diet at (1076),
decisions of, against Henry IV, 68 sq. ,
Tricontai, victory of Henry IV over Matilda
at, 91
Trie, 569
Trifels, castle of, 165, 474 note
Trikala, Normans at, 182
Trinitarian Order, the, 683
Tripoli, in Barbary, captured by Normans,
189; rebellion at, 190, 194
Tripolis, city on Syrian coast, 248 sq. , 252,
257, 264, 295; captured by crusaders, 302;
310, 312; taken by Qalā’ūn, 317 sq.
Tripolis, Frankish county of, 301 sq. , 313;
Assises of, 304; counts of, see Bertram,
Bohemond IV, Pons, Raymond
Trivium, the, 765
Troarn, monastery, 497
Troia, Normans established at, by Boioannes,
166; autonomy of, 216
Troina, Normans take, 177
Trois-Fontaines, abbey, 673
Trosly, synod of (909), and decay of regular
life, 4, 8
Troyes, commune of, 628, 639; 557; council
of (1107), 101; council of (1128), 682
Troyes, county, counts of, see Henry, Hugh,
Theobald; see also Champagne
Truce of God, compared with the Peace of
Weissenberg, 384; first proclaimed in
Normandy, 493 ; 27
Tughril Beg, Seljūq Sultan, 256; relations
with Abbasid Caliphs, 258 sq. ; his invasion
of Mesopotamia, 260
Tugbtigin, Turkish emir, 264
Tuln, near Vienna, 280
Tūlūnites, dynasty of emirs of Egypt, 259
Tunis, Fátimite Caliphs in, 242; indepen.
dent Aghlabite emirs in, 242; 247; Zairite
emirs in, 258, 266; Norman conquests in,
at, 2
189 sq.
Turks (Seljūqs), conquests in Syria, 260
sqq. ; victories over Byzantines, effect of,
in Europe, 269 sq. ; see also Chap. VIII
passim
Tuscany, 23, 33, 76, 93, 125; importance
of geography of the cities of, 227 sq. ;
366 sq.
Patrician of Rome, title given to Henry III,
22; to Henry IV, 42
Pauca palea, the canonist, 742
Paul of Castro, the commentator, 740
Paul the Deacon, brought from Italy by
Charlemagne, 766, 772
Paulus, Roman jurist, his Sententiae, 721 sqq.
Pavia, councils of (1018), 15 sq. ; (1046), 19,
21; (1049), 25; popular rising against
bishop, 40; rival of Milan, 219 sq. , 230;
consuls at, 220; favours Frederick I, 417
sq. , 426, 428, 440, 442, 445; Frederick I
holds synod at, 433, 436; law-school at,
732 sqq. ; 139, 465, 662, 664
Payerne, abbey, 662, 664
Peace of God, in Germany, 143; and
communes, 635 sq.
Peak Castle, 556, 568
Peckham, John, archbishop of Canterbury,
and the state of the monasteries, 687; his
attacks on Aquinas, 822
Pedites, in Italian cities, 236 sq.
Peene, river, 398
Pelagius II, Pope, attitude to celibacy, 12
Pelagonia, Normans at, 182
Pelavicini, feudal lords of Lombardy, 225
Pembroke, castle of Arnulf of Montgomery
at, 525, 530; earldom of, created by
Stephen, 546; earls of, see Clare, Marshall,
Strongbow
Pembrokeshire, Flemish colony in, 535
Peñafort, Raymond de, Spanish jurist, 748;
compiles Gregory IX's Decretals, 714
Pencader, 556
Penthièvre, 498, 504
Pepin, King of Italy, son of Charlemagne,
and city of Piacenza, 211
Pepo, the glossator, 737
Perche, 530
Perpignan, commune of, 631, 640, 643
Persia, bishopric founded in, 326
Perth, 517
Perugia, its position in Umbria, 228 sq.
Peter, King of Aragon, acknowledges papal
authority, 90
Peter Damian, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, 3, 13
note, 19, 26, 28; early life of, 33; legate at
Milan, 38, 41 sq. , 48; letters of, to Cadalus
and Henry IV, 43 sq. ; his Disceptatio
Symodalis, 44; opinion of the Lombard
bishops, 42; goes to France, 46; compels
Henry IV to take back his wife, 117; death
of, 49; his asceticism, 667; and canons
regular, 678; his philosophical works, 792;
34, 39, 45, 92
Peter Morrone (Pope Celestine V), founds the
Celestine Order, 688
Peter Pierleoni, cardinal of St Calixtus (anti-
Pope Anacletus II), election of, 363; sup-
ported by Roger II, and creates him King
of Sicily, 186 sq. , 364; appeals to Lothar
III, 342, 363; tries to justify his claim
before Lothar, 365; death of, 368
Peter Pisano, cardinal, won over to Innocent
IV by St Bernard, 368
Peter of La Châtre, archbishop of Bourges,
605, 607
Peter, bishop of Amalfi, 29
Peter the Lombard, bishop of Paris, his
philosophy, 803 sq.
Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny, 666
Peter, abbot of Farfa, 5
Peter, abbot of La Celle, on Becket, 557
Peter, abbot of Monte Cassino, 32
Peter, prefect of Rome, 418
Peter the Hermit, his preaching of the First
Crusade and journey to Constantinople,
275 sqq. ; his importance a legend, 299
Peter, grand chamberlain, minister in Sicily,
196
Peter, count of Taranto, rebels against
Guiscard, 180
Peter of Trani, rebels against Guiscard,
178
Peter Bartholomew, finder of the Holy Lance,
295
Peter of Eboli, rhyming chronicler, on
marriage of Henry VI and Constance,
456 note; on Tancred, 202, 461
Peter of Pisa, learned Italian, 772
Peter of Studley, 576
Peterborough, 505, 684
Peterborough Chronicle, 481, 519, 549,
552
Peter's Pence xi, 19, 90
Petrarch, and the commentators, 739 sq.
Petronilla (Alice), second wife of Ralph of
Vermandois, 606
Pevensey, 500, 521, 530 sq.
Peverel family, fiefs of, 506, 511; honour
of, 568
Peverel, William, 506
Peverel, William, becomes a monk, 555
Philagathus, archbishop of Piacenza (anti-
Pope John XVI), 1
Philaretus (Philard), governor of Antioch,
263 note
Philip I, King of France, and simony, 9;
relations with Gregory VII, 81; his case at
the Council of Piacenza, 94; excommuni.
cated by Urban II at the Council of
Clermont, 89, 94; relations with Paschal
II, 99, 101; proposes marriage-alliance
with Roger I of Sicily, 183; and First
Crusade, 273; ally of Robert Curthose,
519, 526; 95, 126, 592, 601
Philip II Augustus, King of France, his
enmity to Henry II, 572; relations with
Frederick I, 397; and the fall of Henry
the Lion, 407; alliance with Frederick I,
## p. 989 (#1035) ###########################################
Index
989
409;
and Third Crusade, 310 sqq. , 322,
462; relations with Henry VI,467 sqq. ; 647
Philip, King of the Romans, duke of Swabia,
younger son of Frederick I, appointed to
see of Würzburg, 466; becomes duke of
Tuscany, 472; marries Irene, daughter of
Isaac Angelus, 473, 479; 477
Philip, half-brother of Louis VI, 596
Philip of Heinsberg, chancellor, archbishop
of Cologne, 393, 448; crowns Henry VI,
443; enemy of Henry the Lion, 403; re-
ceives Westphalia, 406, 408; his hostile
attitude to Frederick I, 407; his strong
position, 408, 458; submits to Frederick I,
409, 459; 460, 467
Philip, margrave of Namur, second son of
Baldwin of Hainault, 411
Philip, count of Flanders, and the fall of
Henry the Lion, 407; 411, 614, 619
Philip de Mezières, his enthusiasm for a new
crusade, 319
Philippopolis, 281, 411
Philomelium, Alexius at, 294
Philosophy, in the Middle Ages, Chap. XXIII;
character of ancient philosophy, 781;
Neo-Platonism and Christianity, 781 sq. ;
philosophy and theology, 782; John the
Scot, 784 sqq. ; decline of philosophy after
him, 788; Aristotle and Plato, 789 sq. ;
influence of Macrobius on, 790; importance
of dialectic, 790 sq. ; Sylvester II and, 791;
Berengar and Peter Damian, 792; Anselm
and, 792 sqq. ; Nominalism and Realism,
794 sq. ; Roscelin, 796; Abelard, 797 sqq. ;
Hugh of St Victor, 800 sqq. ; Peter the
Lombard, 803 sq. ; John of Damascus, 805;
John of Salisbury, 805 sqq. ; the school of
Chartres, 809 sq. ; intellectual progress in
the twelfth century, 810; the thirteenth
century, 810 sqq. ; translations of Aristotle,
811 sqq. ; Muslim philosophy, 814 sqq. ;
Aristotelianism in the thirteenth century,
817 sqq. ; Thomas Aquinas, 819 sqq. ;
Averroism, 821 sq. ; opposition to Aquinas,
822 sq. ; the Church and, 823 sqq. ; Duns
Scotus, 827 sqq.
Photius, patriarch, commentator on Greek
canon law, 708
Piacenza, council at, under Henry IV (1076),
66, 135; council of (1095), 93 sqq. , 146, 272
sq. ; early trade-corporation at, 210; early
institutions in, 211; class war at, 220 note;
new walls of, 225; geographical position
of, 229; ally of Milan, 230; a rival of
Parma, Cremona, and Modena, 230; pre-
rogatives of bishop at, 232; growth of
power of Council at, 234; institution of
podestà at, 238; Lothar III at, 364;
Frederick I near, 415; league with Milan,
194, 426, 430; submits to Frederick I,
428; punishment of, 435; peace negotiated
at, 452; 21, 47
Picardy, 498 sq. , 527
Pierleone, riots on Paschal's attempt to make
him prefect of Rome, 96, 105
Pierleoni, family of, financial supporters of
the Papacy, xi; assist Urban II at Rome,
91, 95; lose power on defeat of Roger II,
368; 363; see also Benedict, Jordan, Leo,
Peter, Pierleone
Pierrefonds, 615
Pierron, son of Amyas, Norman leader,
171
Pilgrim, archbishop of Cologne, 2, 18
Pilgrimages to Jerusalem, 269
Pipe Roll, begun by Roger of Salisbury, 534;
under Henry II, 573
Pisa, earlier wars with the Muslims, 226,
266; geographical position of, 208, 227 sqq. ;
rivalry with Lucca, 214, 227 sq. ; rivalry
with Genoa, 226 sqq. , 316 sq. ; new walls
of, 225; beginning of commune at, 220;
grant of Henry IV to, 220 note, 223;
consuls at, 221; first podestà at, 238;
development of commerce of, 226 sq. ;
during crusades, 239, 312, 329; Innocent II
at, 365 sq. ; sends ships to aid Lothar III,
367; negotiations of Conrad III with, 379
sq. ; alliance with Frederick I, 196, 418,
435, 439 sqq. ; peace with Sicily, 443;
alliance with Henry VI, 201, 203, 463 sq. ,
470 sq. ; refuses to join Tuscan league in
1197, 228; wars with Florence, ib. ; death
of Gregory VIII at, 459; 94, 105
Pistoia, hostility to Florence, 228
Placentinus, the glossator, 737
Plato, medieval knowledge of, 789 sq. ; and
the school of Chartres, 809
Pleichfeld, Henry IV defeated at, 144 sq.
Plotinus, 781 sq.
Plotislav (Pribislav), bequeaths Brandenburg
to Albert the Bear, 344, 357
Plumpton, Gilbert de, 578
Pluscarden, monastery, 678
Plynlimon, 525
Poblet, abbey, 695
Podestà, establishment of, in Italian cities,
237 sq. ; Frederick Barbarossa and, 427 sqq.
Pöhlde, 15, 23
Poictiers, council of (1000), forbids clerical
marriage, 14; council of (1078), 82
Poissy, 493
Poitou, 498, 527, 551, 567, 605, 609, 613, 671
Poix, 527
Polabia, 344
Poland, Church in, relations with Gregory
VII, 85; rebels against Emperor Henry IV,
113, 130 sq. ; Henry V and, 155, 165;
Lothar III and, 345; Conrad III and, 351;
Frederick I and, 388 sq. ; and the Teutonic
Knights, 333; monasticism in, 677; 355
Pole, William de la, 692
Polignac, viscount of, 615
Politian, Angelo, humanist, 741
Pomerania, Henry the Lion and, 400, 403;
missions in, 110, 165, 400; 343, 355
Pons, count of Tripolis, 302
Pons, abbot of Cluny, 666
Pontaudemer, 491
Pont-du-Château, castle of, 598
## p. 990 (#1036) ###########################################
990
Index
Prussia, East, Teutonic Order in, 332 sq.
Pudicus, bishop of Nantes, 26 sq.
Puiset, Le, castle and family, 593 sqq. , 620
Puiset, Hugh de, count of Bar, 570
Puiset, Hugh, bishop of Durham, rebels,
568, 570
Puiset, Hugh, lord of Le, 594 sqq. , 602
Pulsano, the Order of, 688
Pyrenees, valley communes of the, 630, 651
sq. , 654 sqq. ; southern boundary of Henry
II, 551, 554
Pontecorvo, 416
Ponte Lucano, Frederick I at, 421
Ponthieu, county of, 495, 530, 543, 651 sq.
Pontigny, abbey of, 672 sq. , 678
Popes, legitimate, see Agapetus, Alexander
II, III, IV, VI, Anastasius II, IV, Bene-
dict VIII, IX, XII, Boniface VIII, IX,
Celestine II, III, V, Clement II, III, IV, V,
Damasus II, Eugenius II, III, IV, Gelasius
I, II, Gregory I, II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,
IX, XI, XII, XIII, Hadrian I, IV, Honorius
II, III, Innocent I, II, III, IV, VIII, John
VIII, X, XII, XIX, XXII, Leo I, IV, VIII,
IX, Lucius II, III, Nicholas I, II, IV,
Paschal II, Sergius IV, Siricius, Sixtus IV,
Stephen III, IV, IX, Sylvester I, II, Urban
II, III, IV, V, Victor II, III, Zosimus;
anti-Popes, see Albert, Anacletus II (Peter
Pierleoni), Benedict X (John Mincius),
Calixtus III (John of Struma), Clement III
(Guibert), Gregory VIII (Burdinus), Hono.
rius II (Cadalus), John XVI (Philagathus),
Pascha) III (Guido of Crema), Sylvester III
(John of Sabina), Sylvester IV (Maginulf),
Theodoric, Victor IV (Octavian)
Popolani, or plebeians, rise of, in Italian
cities, 218 sqq.
Poppo, patriarch of Aquileia, 18
Poppo, archbishop of Trèves, and election of
Bruno to Toul, 24
Poppo, bishop of Brixen, see Damasus II,
Pope
Poppo, bishop of Metz, 92
Poppo, abbot of Stablo, 2 sq. , 18
Porphyry, 782
Portugal, monasticism in, 677, 683; military
orders in, 683
Posen, 351
Posidonius, the Stoic, 790
Pothier, his Pandectae Justinianeae in novum
ordinem redactae, 752
Powys, Welsh district, 525, 530
Prague, bishopric at, 4; 113 note, 352
Praxedis (Adelaide), marries Henry IV, 145;
her charges against him, 94, 146; her end,
146
Préaux, monastery of, 491
Premonstratensian Order, the, 680 sq. ; their
missionary work in Brandenburg, 343; in
Pomerania, 400; 553
Prémontré, monastery, 680
Pressburg, fortress in Hungary, 352
Preston Bisset, 580
Pribislav of Brandenburg, see Plotislav
Pribislav, Wendish prince, 344
Pribislav, son of Nicl his wars with Henry
the Lion, 398
Proclus, 785; translated by William of
Moerbeke, 814, 820
Provence, communes in, 627, 650; count of,
627, 629, 645; house of Zähringen and,
384, 390
Provins, receives a charter, 639
Prudentius of Troyes, and private churches, 8
Prudhoe, castle of, 570 sq.
Qairawān, capital of Barbary, 258; limit of
Roger II's conquests in Africa, 190
Qalāʻūn, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, makes
truce with Christians, 317; captures
Markab, 317; and Tripolis, ib.
Qarlū, Turkish leader, 262 note
Qarmatian sect of Shi'ites, 244 sqq. ; their
hostility to Abbasid Caliphs, 244; seize
the Black Stone, ib. ; defeated by Muktafi,
245; rivalry with Fāțimites, 248 sq. ;
schism among, 248
Qasim-ad-Daulah Āq-sonqor, see Āq-songor
Qassām, emir of Damascus, 249
Qilij-Arslān I, Dā’ūd, Sultan of Rūm, de-
feats crusaders at Cibotus, 276; 279;
defeated by crusaders at Dorylaeum, 286
sq. ; his defeat at Antioch, 293 note
Qilij-Arslān II, Sultan of Rum, and the
Third Crusade, 412
Qinnasrin, battle of, 245
Quadripartitus, legal tract, 535
Quadrivium, the, 765
Quedlinburg, Henry the Proud dies at, 347;
synod at (1095), 87, 143, 145; 150, 159
Quintisext in Trullo, Council, 11, 708
Qutuz, Mamlūk Sultan of Egypt, defeats
the Tartars, 317
Rabanus Maurus, archbishop of Mayence,
778 sq. , 784
Radewin, Florens, and the congregation of
Windesheim, 694
Radnor, 525
Radulphus Ardens, his philosophy, 801
Rafaniyah, 252, 257, 261 sq.
Rafred, abbot of Farfa, 5
Rahabah, 259, 263
Rainald of Dassel, archbishop of Cologne,
chancellor, 393, 396, 407; diplomatic
activity, 396 sq. , 619; feud with count-
palatine, 388; in the quarrel over beneficia,
390, 392, 425; on mission in Italy, 426,
428, 437; secures election of anti-Pope
Paschal III, 394, 438; leads force against
Rome, 440; death of, 392, 396, 401, 442
Rainald,countof Burgundy (Franche Comté),
opposed by Lothar III, 337; death of, 389
Rainald, bishop of Como, asked by Gregory
VII for aid, 59
Rainer, see Paschal II, Pope
Rainulf, countof Aversa, Norman adventurer,
169; his character and policy, 169 sq. ;
deserts Sergius IV, and joins Guaimar V,
## p. 991 (#1037) ###########################################
Index
991
170; aids Argyrus to revolt, 171; his death,
171
Rainulf II Trincanocte, count of Aversa, 172
Rainulf, count of Alife, rebels against Roger
II, 186; made duke of Apulia by Lothar,
187, 367 sq.
Ralf of Briquessart, vicomte of the Bessin,
heads revolt against William of Normandy,
493
Ralf of Guader, earl of East Anglia, rebels
against William I, 518
Ralf the Staller, joins William I, 502; 508;
his fiefs, 511
Ralf de Wacy, 493
Ralph, bishop of Bethlehem, 313
Ralph, count of Vermandois, 596; dispute
over his second marriage, 605 sq. ; made
seneschal, 622
Ralph of Beaugency, 597
Ralph of Caen, chronicler, cited, 288 note
Ralph, monk of Clairvaux, preaches crusade
against the Jews, 353
Ralph de Diceto, chronicler, on the Justiciar,
577
Ralph Paganel, see Paganel
Ralph of Soissons, husband of Alice, Queen
of Cyprus, made bailiff of the kingdom of
Jerusalem, 315
Ramlah, battles at, 248; captured by Turks,
262; occupied by crusaders, 295
Ramsey, 549; abbey of, 552, 663, 684, 691
Raniero of Forli, the jurist, 740
Ranulf, earl of Chester, claims on Cumber.
land, 543; 544; rebels against Stephen,
546 sqq. ; favours Henry II, 449, 551;
death of, 555; 556
Ranulf Flambard, bishop of Durham, made
treasurer by William II, 522 sq. ; his ex-
actions, 525; arrested by Henry I, 528;
persuades Robert to invade England, 529;
restored to Durham, 537; his buildings at
Durham, 553
Ranulf de Broc, excommunicated by Becket,
563; besieged, 569
Raqqah, on the Euphrates, 250 sq.
Ratchis, King of the Lombards, and Lombard
law, 730 sq.
Rath, the, beginnings of, 400 note
Ratherius, bishop of Verona and Liège, his
life, 2 sq. ; tries to enforce celibacy, 2, 12;
schools and, 777; deposed, 214
Ratisbon, 4; disturbances at, 149; diet of
(1110), 155 sq. ; Lothar III holds diet at
(1126), 336; diet of (1138), Conrad III
and Henry the Proud at, 346; besieged by
Henry Jasomirgott, 352; diet of (1156),
creates duchy of Austria, 383, 385 sq. ;
diet of (1180), 405; 145, 150, 340, 353, 392,
402, 411
Ratramnus, on the Eucharist, 791
Ratzburg, bishopric of, 356, 399
Ravenna, synod of (1014), 16; Victor II
buried at, 32; early organisation of city
government in, 209 sq. ; enemy of Venice,
230; takes oath of fealty to Frederick I,
426; Markward made duke of, 472; law.
schools at, 734 sq. ; 22, 34, 662, 667
Raymond IV of Saint Gilles, count of
Toulouse, seeks alliance of Roger I of
Sicily, 183; joins the First Crusade, 272
sq. ; his position among the leaders, 274;
at Constantinople, 283; relations with
Alexius, 283 sqq. ; before Antioch, 289 sqq. ;
his support of Alexius, 294 sq. ; marches
on Jerusalem, 295; share in its capture,
296; refuses princedom of Jerusalem, 296;
his jealousy of Godfrey, 300; his death, 302
Raymond V, count of Toulouse, and Henry
II, 612, 614
Raymond of Poitou, prince of Antioch, 302,
307
Raymond III, count of Tripolis, guardian of
Baldwin IV and Baldwin V, 309; relations
with Guy de Lusignan, 310; death of,
310, 313
Raymond IV, count of Tripolis, resigns
county to Bohemond IV of Antioch, 313
Raymond, archbishop of Toledo, his transla-
tions from Arabic, 811
Raymond-Berengar I, count of Barcelona,
his feudal code, 729 note
Raymond-Berengar III, count of Barcelona,
his agreement with Roger II, 185
Raymond du Puy, grand-master of the
Hospitallers, 306
Raymond of Agiles, Provençal chronicler, on
First Crusade, 284 note; on numbers of
crusaders, 297 sq.
Raynald of Bâgé, appeals Louis VII, 616
Raynard, abbot of Câteaux, 674
Reading, abbey of, 564
Realism, and Nominalism, 794 sq.
Recared, Visigothic King, laws of, 726
Receswinth, Visigothic King, and Visigothic
law, 726
Rector, personates Michael VII, 181
Redvers, Baldwin de, earl of Devon, rebels,
543; made earl by Matilda, 547; 580
Redvers, Richard de, given barony, 536
Regalia, definition of, 117 sq. ; in Rome,
429 sq. ; in Lombardy, 427
Reggio, a rival of Parma, Cremona, and
Modena, 230
Reggio, in Calabria, 173 sqq.
Reginald of Chatillon, marries Constance of
Antioch, 308; supports Guy of Lusignan,
309; his breach of truce with Saladin, 310
Reginald, earl of Cornwall, half-brother of
Matilda, made earl, 547; adviser of Henry
II,555,559,568 sqq. ; supports Henry II,569
Reginhard, bishop of Liège, 17
Reichenhall, salt mines of, 400
Reiner of Waxham, 578
Reinhard, bishop of Halberstadt, his sub-
mission to Henry V, 159
Remiremont, nunnery, 671
Rémy, St, miracle by, 25
Rémy, Philip de, see Beaumanoir
Rennes, count of, see Alan
Reun, Cistercian abbey, 676
## p. 992 (#1038) ###########################################
992
Index
Rheims, council of (Oct. 1049), 25 sqq. , 30,
46, 494; synod at (1119), 106, 603; council
at (1148), 550; 604; commune of, 631 sq. ,
634, 638; archbishop of, made primate of
Belgica Secunda, 89 sq. ; 32, 87, 466
Rheinfelden, house of, end of, 146; see
Berthold, Rudolf, anti-king
Rhine, river, 69, 115, 136, 149, 382, 407;
Rhine district, 52, 119, 131, 139, 148, 151,
157 sq. , 339, 459; Rhine towns, 120, 123,
132, 139, 150 sq. ; counts. palatine of, see
Conrad,Godfrey, Henry, Herman, Siegfried
Rhone, river, 614, 616, 664
Rhuddlan, castle of, 537; 525
Rhys ap Gruffydd, prince of Deheubarth,
and Henry II, 556 sq.
Rhys ap Tewdwr, prince of Deheubarth, and
William II, 525
Richard I, King of England, 408; relations
with Tancred, 201, 462; as duke of
Aquitaine, 567, 613; rebels, 567, 569, 572,
614; in the Third Crusade, 310 sqq. , 462;
supports Henry the Lion, 465; captured
by Leopold of Austria, and handed over
to Henry VI, 467; negotiations for his
release, 467 sq. ; released, 468 sq. ; enfeoffed
with the kingdom of Arles, 469, 472; 575
Richard I, duke of Normandy, 483; condition
of Normandy under, 484; 487
Richard II, duke of Normandy, 169; his
rule, 484 sqq. ; founds monasteries, 484;
death of, 490
Richard III, duke of Normandy, 490
Richard I, count of Aversa, prince of Capua,
captures Benedict X, 36; his conquests,
173; invested with Capua by Nicholas II,
175; protects Alexander II, 43, 178;
ravages Campania, 45, 178; relations
with Gregory VII, 76 sq. , 178 sqq. ; and
Desiderius (Victor III), 86; death of, 77,
180; 181
Richard II, prince of Capua, acknowledges
suzerainty of Roger Borsa, 183
Richard, earl of Cornwall, in Syria, 315
Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, 568
Richard, archbishop of Narbonne, as abbot
of Marseilles and papal legate, attacks
Victor III, 87; created archbishop, 88
Richard of Ilchester, bishop of Winchester,
558; excommunicated by Becket, 563;
made bishop, 568
Richard, abbot of St Vannes, 2 sq. , 10, 20;
and Robert I of Normandy, 491
Richard, count of Acerra, leads Norman
army against Byzantium, 199; supports
Tancred, 201; defeats German army, 462;
fights against Henry VI, 464; death of, 479
Richard of Aquila, count of Fondi, revolts
against William I, 195
Richard of Clare, see Clare, Richard of
Richard, count of Molise, one of Council of
Ten in Sicily, 197
Richard, son of Robert, count of Évreux, 487
Richard of Ajello, succeeds his father as
chancellor of Sicily, 470
Richard of Anesty, his law-suit, 588
Richard Filangieri, bailiff of Frederick II in
Palestine, 303, 315
Richard Fitz Nigel, treasurer, writes Dialogus
de Scaccario, 573 sq. ; 579
Richard the Kaid, one of Council of Ten in
Sicily, 197
Richard of San Germano, chronicler, 200
note
Richenza, daughter of Henry the Fat, heiress
to Brunswick and Nordheim, 152 sq. , 334;
marries Lothar of Supplinburg, ib. ; in-
tervenes to reconcile Frederick of Swabia
and Lothar III, 340; crowned by Innocent
II at Liège, 364; accompanies Lothar
across Alps, 364; crowned in the Lateran,
365; attends coronation of Conrad III,
346; aids Henry the Proud in Saxony,
347; guardian of Henry the Lion, 348;
death of, 349
Richer, archbishop of Sens, protests against
primacy of Lyons, 89
Richer of L'Aigle, 536
Richmond, honour of, 522; earldom, 586;
see Alan, Conan
Ridel, Geoffrey, bishop of Ely, 568, 579
Ridwan, Fakhr-al-mulūk, emir of Aleppo,
264, 293
Rieti, 5, 198, 457, 462
Rievaulx, Cistercian abbey, 676
Rigaud, Eudes, archbishop of Rouen, his
Regestrum Visitationum, 685, 687
Rigomer, St, 771
Rimo, abbot of Farfa, poisoned at Rome, 5
Ripen, 386
Ripon, church of St Wilfrid at, 544
Ris, monastery, 664
Robert I, duke of Normandy, his rule, 490
sqq. ; goes on pilgrimage to Jerusalem,
491 sq. ; death of, 492
Robert II Curthose, duke of Normandy,
Maine claimed for, 495, 517; relations
with William I, 518 sq. ; bequeathed
Normandy by William I, 520; relations
with William Rufus, 521 sqq. ; pawns
Normandy to William Rufus, 527; in
the First Crusade, 274, 282, 527; reaches
Constantinople, 283; at Nicaea, 285; at
Dorylaeum, 286; at Antioch, 290; marches
on Jerusalem, 295; his position on the
death of William II, 528; returns to
Normandy, 529; invades England, ib. ;
attacked by Henry I, 530; defeated at
Tinchebrai and imprisoned, 531, 601;
Louis VI on the imprisonment of, 603
Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia, son of
Tancred de Hauteville, 65, 170, 493;
his character and policy, 172; count of
Apulia, 173 sq. ; does fealty to Nicholas II,
175; recognised as duke of Apulia, ib. ;
expedition to Sicily, 176 sqq. ; drives out
Byzantines, 176; quarrels with Roger,
177; his division of Sicily, 177 sq. ; inter-
necine Norman wars, 178 sqq. ; relations
with Gregory VII, 54, 76 sq. , 79, 178 sqq. ;
## p. 993 (#1039) ###########################################
993
Rockingham, William II holds a council at,
526
Rodolf, Norman adventurer, 169
Rodulf Glaber, chronicler, on Benedict IX, 17
Roeskilde, German settlers at, driven out by
Magnus, 344
Roffredus of Benevento, glossator, 737
Roger Borsa, duke of Apulia, succeeds his
father Guiscard, 86, 182; weakness of his
rule, 182 sq. , 185; invested by Urban II,
90; death of, 101 note
Roger I, count of Sicily, son of Tancred de
Hauteville, 170; comes to Italy and helps
Guiscard, 173; quarrels with Guiscard,
173 sq. , 177; plays chief part in conquest
of Sicily, 176 sqq. ; aids Roger of Apulia,
183; his settlement of Sicily, ib. ; privileges
obtained from Urban II, 90, 105, 184; and
Paschal II, 105; 95
Roger II, King of Sicily, his debt to Roger I,
184; succeeds as count, 184; seizes Apulia,
185, 362; his administration, 185 sq. ; and
monasticism, 688; crowned king, 186; his
enemies, ib. ; rebellion against, 186 sq. ;
wars with Lothar III, 187, 345, 364 sqq. ;
relations with Papacy, 187 sq. , 377; with
Conrad III, 188, 350, 353, 356; attack on
Eastern Empire, 188 sq. ; his projected
league against Byzantium, 189, 375; his
conquests in Africa, 189 sq. ; and the
Second Crusade, 374 sq. ; his death, 190;
character of his kingdom, ib. , 204 sqq.
Roger III of Sicily, son of Tancred of Sicily,
marriage with Irene, 202, 473; predeceases
Tancred, 202, 470
Roger, eldest son of Roger II, 185, 201,
461
Roger, eldest son of William I of Sicily, 195;
his death, 197
Roger Fitz-Richard, prince of Antioch, 301
sq.
Roger de Pont l'Evêque, archbishop of York,
and Henry II, 559; and Becket, 563; sup-
ports Henry II, 571
Roger, bishop of Salisbury, organises the
exchequer, 533 sq. ; and itinerant justices,
534; arrested by Stephen, 545; his death,
ib.
Roger, earl of Hereford, rebels against
William I, 518
Roger, earl of Hereford, and Henry II, 555
Roger of Montgomery, earl of Shrewsbury,
founds monasteries, 497; his fiefs in
England, 511, 524; erects castles, 512;
his Welsh conquests, 525
Roger, count of Acerra, evolts against
William I, 195
Roger, count of Andria, 448; a candidate
for the throne of Sicily, 201, 461; revolts
against Tancred, 462; his death, 462
Roger, count of Geraci, one of Council of
Ten in Sicily, 197
Roger de Toeni, founds monasteryat Conches,
493
Roger of Howden, chronicler, on Henry II's
63
Index
reconciliation with Richard of Capua, and
attack on Benevento, 77, 86, 179; renewed
revolt in Apulia, 180 sq. ; treaty of Ceprano
with Pope, 77, 180 sq. ; his Eastern ambi-
tions, xiv, 77, 181; his attack on Byzan-
tium, 181 sq. ; sack of Rome by, 79, 182;
death of, 86, 89, 182
Robert, prince of Capua, aids Honorius II,
185, 362; submits to Roger II, 185; rebels,
186; flees to Byzantium, 187; restored,
192; flees from William I, 192
Robert de Courçon, 314; papal legate, pro-
hibits Aristotle in Paris, 818
Robert, abbot of Jumièges, becomes bishop
of London, 493
Robert, abbot of Molesme, founds Citeaux,
672
Robert, abbot of Reichenau, deposed for
simony, 125
Robert of Bellême, earl of Shrewsbury,
supports Robert of Normandy, 522 sq. ;
rebels against Henry I and is banished,
529 sq. ; submits in Normandy, 531; 542;
his imprisonment, 603
Robert of Caen, see Gloucester, earl of
Robert of Commines, earl of Bernicia, 503 sq.
Robert, count of Dreux, attempts to rebel
against Louis VỊI, 608
Robert, count of Évreux, son of Richard I
of Normandy, 487, 492
Robert I, the Frisian, count of Flanders,
135, 599; leads pilgrimage to Jerusalem,
269; helps Alexius against Turks, 270,
272
Robert II, count of Flanders, relations with
Henry IV, 148; expedition of Henry V
against, 155; and First Crusade, 274, 282;
reaches Constantinople, 283; 289 sq. , 295
Robert, count of Loritello, 178; his conquests
recognised by Pope, 180
Robert, count of Loritello, revolts against
William I of Sicily, 192; revolts again,
195
Robert, count of Mortain, half-brother of
William I, 496, 506, 508, 521
Robert of Bampton, 543
Robert Crispin, Norman adventurer, 181
Robert of Montescaglioso, rebels against
Guiscard, 180
Robert of Poitou, lord of Lancaster, banished
by Henry I, 530
Robert of Rhuddlan, 525
Robert, son of Winmarc, favours William I,
502; 508
Robert of Arbrissel, an anchorite, 670;
founds Fontevrault, 671; founds Cadouin,
673
Robert of Cricklade, abridges Pliny's Natural
History, 553
Robert the monk, his report of Urban II's
speech at Clermont, 265
Robert, monk, cousin of St Bernard, 666
Rochefort-en-Iveline, castle of, 593, 596 sq. ,
612, 620
Rochester, 511, 521, 525, 558, 567
C. MED. H. VOL. V.
## p. 994 (#1040) ###########################################
994
Index
position in Stephen's reign, 554; on
Glanville's treatise, 578 sq.
Roland of Parma, sent by Henry IV to deliver
sentence of deposition to Gregory VII,
66 sq.
Roland Bandinelli, see Alexander III, Pope
Rollo, duke of Normandy, 483
Romainmôtier, monastery of, 664
Romanus III, Eastern Emperor, his attack
on Aleppo, 256 sq.
Romanus IV Diogenes, Eastern Emperor,
176, 261
Romanus, senator of Rome, see John XIX,
Pope
Romanus, Consul, Roman noble, 17
Rome, passim; need for reform of Church at,
14; held by Guibert on Urban II's acces-
sion, 90; sack of, by Guiscard, 79, 182;
early organisation of city government in,
209 sq. ; the Senate in commune of, 234;
communal rising at, 368 sqq. ; letter to
Conrad III, 370, 380; Arnold of Brescia
at, 371 sqq. ; sends envoys to Frederick I,
430; fighting at, on coronation of Frederick
I, 421; 496, 526, 531 sq. , 559, 562, 605;
law-schools at, 733 sq. ; Ecumenical
Councils at, see Lateran; other councils
and synods at:—(826), 8; (1047), 22 sq. ;
(1049), 25; (1050), 25, 27 sq. , 30; (1051),
25, 28; (1053), 25, 28; (1059), 13 note,
36 sqq. , 42, 46, 51 sq. , 110, 114; (1060),
38; (1063), 46; (1073), 4, 49; (1074), 61,
77; (1075), 62 sqq. , 77, 81; (1076), 55,
66 sq. , 135; (1078), 73, 77, 180; (1079),
55, 73 sq. ; (1080), 74, 141; (1081), 77;
(1083), 78 sq. , 87; (1099), 95, 531; (1102),
99; (1110), 101; (1112), 103; (1116), 103
Romsey minster, 553
Romuald, archbishop of Salerno, one of
Council of Ten in Sicily, 197; 448
Romuald of Ravenna, 1; founder of the Order
of Camaldoli, 667
Roncaglia, Lothar III holds diet at, 364;
Frederick I holds diet at (1154), 415, 417;
diet of (1158), 117 note, 383, 427
Ronçal, 655
Ronceray, nunnery at, 671
Rosate, destroyed by Frederick I, 417
Roscelin, his contest with Anselm, 794 sqq.
Rossano, 1; Otto II defeated by Muslims at,
266
Rothari, King of the Lombards, and Lombard
law, 211; 723, 730 sq.
Rotrou, archbishop of Rouen, 563 sq. ; sent
by Henry II to negotiate with Louis VII,
614
Rouen, 483, 486 sq. , 494, 519 sq. , 523, 531,
541 sq. , 551, 571, 601, 614; commune of,
626 sq. , 631, 647; trade of, 644; province
of, placed under primacy of Lyons, 83 sq. ;
diocese, of, 491; cathedral, 491; arch-
bishop of, 550
Round, J. H. , on Freeman's view of the
battle of Hastings, 501 note; on the Grand
Assize, 587
Roussel de Bailleul, 181; aspires to throne
of Byzantium, 171
Roussillon, communes in, 627, 640, 643
Rouvres, commune, 630
Roxburgh, castle of, 571
Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Ssaba,
anti-king, 58; made duke, 113; his two
marriages, ib. ; at battle on the Unstrut,
133; his change of attitude, 134 sq. ;
elected king, 71, 117, 138; crowned at
Mayence, 139; forced to abandon Mayence.
120, 139; his position in 1078, 140;
Gregory VII and, 59, 71 sq. , 74, 140;
appoints bishops, 141; defeats Henry IV
at Hohen-Mölsen, 141; death of, 76, 143;
75, 78, 118, 126, 129, 146
Rudolf, margrave of the North Mark, forced
to submit to Henry V, 157
Rudolf, count of Stade, inheritance of, 356,
401
Rudolf of Wied, his claim to archbishoprie
of Trèves, 408, 456
Rufinus, the canonist, 742
Rügen, 345, 387
Russia, put under papal protection by Dmitri,
85; 146
Rusteburg, Albert the Bear seeks shelter at,
347
Ruthard, archbishop of Mayence, letter of
Paschal II to, 100; joins in massacre of
Jews, 147 sq. ; refuses to submit to Henry
IV, 148; supports revolt of Henry V, 150;
158
Rutland, 504, 582
Ruysbroek, Jan, the mystic, 694
Sabbato, river, Roger II defeated at, 186
Sabina, 14, 180
Sābiq, Mirdāsite emir of Aleppo, 261 sqq.
Sachsenspiegel, the, 753 sq.
Sa'd-ad-Daulah, Abu'l-ma'āli, Hamdánid
emir at Aleppo, 250 sq.
Şāfithā, castle, 257
Şahyūn, 249, 312
Sa‘id-ad-Daulah, Hamdānid emir of Aleppo,
251 sqq.
Sa'id ibn Husain, leader of Ismā'ilians, 244;
and foundation of Fātimite Caliphs, ib.
Saif-ad-Daulah 'Ali, Hamdanid ruler of
Diyārbakr, seizes Aleppo, 245; war with
Ikhshid and with Kāfūr, ib. ; war with
Greek Empire, 276; brilliance of his court,
246; his death, 246, 250
St Alban's abbey, 684, 690, 692
Saint Antoine, canons of, 683
St Asaph, see of, 553
St Augustine's abbey at Canterbury, 684
Saint-Bénigne of Dijon, abbey of, 484, 659
St Botolph, Colchester, Austin canons of,
679, 684
Saint-Céneri, castle, 488
Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, treaty of, 483
St David's, William I at, 525; Norman
bishop of, 535
Saint-Denis, monastery of, 659 sq.
## p. 995 (#1041) ###########################################
Index
995
St Dizier, commune, 645
St Donatian, church at Bruges, 598 sq.
St Edmund's abbey at Bury, 684; see Bury
St Edmunds
St Emmeram, monastery at Ratisbon, 663
St Evré, monastery at Toul, 663
Saint-Evroult, monastery of, 488, 497
St Gall, abbey of, 661
Sainte-Geneviève, monastery at Paris, 620
St Gilles, monastery, 680
St Guilhem-du-Désert, monastery, 659
St James of Compostella, shrine, 604
Saint-Jean-de-Laon, monastery, 595
Saint-Jean-de-Losne, 436; Louis VII at,
617 sqq.
St Martin, monastery at Séez, 497
St Martin-des-Champs, monastery, 664
St Martin of Laon, canons of, 680
St Martin of Tours, shrine of, 661
St Mary's at York, monastery, 666, 677, 685,
690
Saint-Maur, abbey, 661; the congregation of,
696
St Maur-des-Fosses, monastery, 662
St Maximin, abbey of, given to Adalbero of
Trèves, 347; monks resent action of
Conrad III, 350 sq. ; Innocent II and, ib.
St Michael of Antwerp, Premonstratensian
abbey, 680
St Omer, gild at, 637; 599 sq.
Saint-Ouen, monastery of, 486, 491; in.
junctions to, 686
St Paul's without the walls, at Rome, 662
St Pierre of Ghent, monastery, 663
Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives, monastery at, 493
St Quentin, commune of, 626, 631 sq. , 649;
dean of, 484
Saint-Ruf, monastery, 415, 679
St Samson and St Avitus, at Orleans, 620
St Saturnin, monastery, 664
St Seine, monastery, 659
St Seine-l'Abbaye, village, 630
St Simeon, port of Antioch, 289, 291
Ste Suzanne, 517 sq.
Saint-Valery, Norman army at, 499
St Vannes, abbey of, 2, 491
St Victor, monastery at Geneva, 664
St Victor, monastery at Marseilles, 661
St Victor, monasteryat Paris, 679,696,800,804
St Vigor, abbey, foundation of, 491
Saint-Wandrille, abbey, revived by Mainard,
484; receives an “alod” from Richard II,
487, 491
Sajūr, river, boundary between Greeks and
Muslims, 247
Saladin, Sultan, rules Egypt for Nūr-ad-
Din, 308 sq. ; displaces Sālih, son of Nūr-
ad-Din, 309; and the Third Crusade,
310 sq. , 409 sqq. ; character of, 312; death
of, ib. , 479
Saladin Tithe, 324
Salamiyah, headquarters of Abdallāh ibn
Maimūn, 244
Salef, Cilician river, Frederick I drowned in,
412
IV,
Salerno, Normans and, Chap. iv passim;
Leo IX holds Council at, 25, 27; last days
and death of Gregory VII at, 79 sq. ;
Lothar III fails to capture, 367; William I
of Sicily and, 196; the Empress Constance
captured at, 464; captured and sacked,
470 sq. , 203; 76, 186 sq. , 462, 491, 668;
princes of, see Gisulf, Guaimar
Salian line, extinction of, 165; inheritance
of, 335 sq. ; see also Conrad II, Henry III,
, V
$ālih ibn Mirdās, founds Mirdāsite dynasty
at Aleppo, 255
Şāliḥ, son of Nūr-ad-Din, displaced by
Saladin, 309
Salisbury, 483, 504, 511; oath of, 520;
merchant gild at, 538; bishop of, 564;
earl of, 314; Patrick, earl of, 580; see also
William Longespée
Salomo, King of Hungary, son of Andrew
of Hungary, 85, 113; marriage with Judith,
113; temporarily restored, 115; expelled
by his cousin Géza, 133; 130
Saltwood, 558
Saluzzo, marquesses of, foes of Asti, 229
Salzburg, opposition to Frederick I in
province of, 395 ; 400
Samson, archbishop of Rheims, and the
commune, 634
Sancerre, count of, 614
Sandwich, 538
San Frediano, at Lucca, canons of, 678
San Germano, 464
San Gervasio, early commune at, 225
San Giorgio in Alga, monastery, 693,
695
San Marco, Robert Guiscard at, 172
San Michele, at Murano, congregation of,
667
San Quirico, Frederick I at, 418
Sant' Andrea, monastery, 5
Sant' Apollinare in Classe, monastery, 667
Santa Giustina, abbey of, 693
Santa Maria dei Campi, abbey, 692
Santiago, Order of, 333
Santi Vincenzo ed Anastagio, Cistercian
monastery, 370, 677
Santo Spirito, hospital at Rome, 673
Saône, river, 397, 617
Saphadin, see 'Adil
Saracens, in South Italy and Sicily, Chap. iv;
in Syria, Chap. vi; seize monastery of
Farfa, 5, 658, 661; revolt in Sicily (1190),
462; 85, 226, 266
Sardinia, Gregory VII claims full authority
over, 85; claimed by Alexander III, 429;
occupied by Muslims, but reconquered, 226,
266; Pisa and Genoa in, 226 sq. , 437 sq. ;
Frederick I and, 437; 56, 677
Sarlo, son of Tancred de Hauteville, 170
Sarthe, river, 488, 495, 517
Saulieu, 672
Sauxillanges, monastery, 664
Savaric, bishop of Bath, and the release of
Richard I, 468 sq.
63-2
## p. 996 (#1042) ###########################################
996
Index
Savigny, congregation of, 670; united to
the Cistercian Order, 677 sq. ; 541, 553
Saviour, Order of the, 694
Savona, city of, agreement with Roger II,
185; grant of Henry II to, 217, 223
Savoy, counts of, 69; see also Humbert III
Saxony, supports Gregory VII, 54, 59, 61;
Agnes the regent and, 114; 115 sq. , 118,
122, 125 sq. ; its peculiar position, 127;
Henry IV and, 68, 127 sqq. ; great revolt
in 1073 of, 60, 130 sqq. ; peace with Henry
at Gerstungen, 132; Henry IV's victory
in, 133 sqq. , 62, 64; renewed revolt of,
135 sqq. ; kingdom of Rudolf confined to,
139 sq. ; opposition to Henry in, 78, 90,
141 sqq. ; end of revolt against Henry IV,
144 sqq. ; 150; Welf power in, foundations
of, 152 sqq. ; revolt of, against Henry V,
157 sqq. , 104; under duke Lothar, 164,
166, 334; Conrad III bestows it on Albert
the Bear, 346; rebellion in, 346 sqq. ;
crusade against the Wends, 354; rule of
Henry the Lion in, 356 sqq. , 401 sqq. ;
Frederick I breaks up the ducby, 405;
granted to Bernard of Anhalt, ib. ; con-
tinued fighting in, 465 sq. ; 336, 340, 460;
dukes of, see Albert, Bernard, Henry,
Lothar, Magnus, Ordulf; count-palatine
of, see Frederick
Scalea, Roger I at, 173
Scandinavia, missionary work of Adalbert
in, 114; its failure, 116; archbishopric of
Lund created for, 356; see also Denmark,
Norway, Sweden
Scarborough, castle, 555
Schleswig, duchy, 344; duke of, see Canute;
see also Denmark
Schleswig, town, 386
Schlumberger, Gustav, on Greek invasion
of Syria, 250 note
Scholasticism, meaning of, 793
Schools, medieval, Chap. XXII; schools of
rhetoric, 765 sq. ; the monastic schools,
767, 772; episcopal schools, 768 sqq. ;
Charlemagne's palace school, 772 sq. ;
post-Carolingian episcopalschools, 776 sq. ;
grammar schools, 779 note
Schwerin, lake of, 355; fortress of, 397, 400;
399; count of, see Guncelin
Scotland, canon lawin, 756 note; monasticism
in, 677 sq. ; William I and, 517 sq. ;
William II and, 524; Henry I and, 529;
Stephen and, 543 sqq. ; Henry II and, 556,
567 sqq. ; Kings of, see David, Donaldbane,
Edgar, Malcolm, William
Scribla, Robert Guiscard at, 172
Séez, monastery of St Martin at, 497; 541,
609
Segeberg, Lothar III builds fortress at, 344;
taken by the Wends, 354; 460
Segni, 414
Seine, river, 491, 526, 536, 661
Selby, abbey, decline of, 686
Seligenstadt, synod of (1023), 9, 16; 411
Seljüq Turks, enter Syria, 259; part played
by them in Egypt, 259 sq. ; conquer Syria,
260 sqq. ; decay of, after death of Malik
Shāh, 264; see also Turks
Selsey, see of, 509, 516
Selymbria, see Silivri
Semlin (Malevilla), crusaders at, 275
Sempringham, the Order of, 682; 553
Senator, meaning of title at Rome, 369 note
Senlis, commune of, 628 sq. , 649
Sens, archbishopric of, Leo IX and freedom
of election, 26; primacy of Lyons over, 83,
89; Alexander III at, 619; archbishop of,
564, 594; commune of, 649
Seprio, county in Lombardy, 427
Seres, in Macedonia, Normans at, 199
Serfdom, in France, 641 sq.
Sergius IV, Pope, 15; his alleged bull as to
restoration of the Holy Sepulchre, 268 sq.
Sergius IV, duke of Naples, calls in aid of
Normans, 169 sq. ; his recognition of a
commune, 216
Servia, Illyrian town, occupied by Normans,
182
Severn, river, 525; valley of, 663
Severus, bishop of Prague, 4
Sfax, in Barbary, massacre of Christians at,
194
Shāh-an-shāh al-Afdal, see Afdal
Shaizar (Caesarea on the Orontes), 252, 308
Shams-al-muluk Duqāg, see Duqaq
Sharāf-ad-Daulah Muslim, emir oi Mosul,
conflict with Tutush, 262 sq.
Shāwar, vizier of Egypt, and Nur-ad-Din,
308
Shene, charterhouse, 692
Sheriffs, under Henry II, 580 sqq. ; the
"Inquest of Sheriffs,'' 581 sqq.
Sherwood Forest, 577
Shi'ite party, the Ismā'ilian and Qarmatian
sects of, 243 sqq.
Shirkūh, uncle of Saladin, conqueror of
Egypt, 308
Shrewsbury, 530, 538, 545
Shrewsbury, earldom of, created, 512,524 sq. ,
530; earls, see Robert of Bellême, Roger of
Montgomery
Shropshire, 504, 529, 580
Sibt ibn al-Jauzi, Arab historian, 262
Sibylla, second wife of Roger II of Sicily,
191 note
Sibylla, Queen of Sicily, wife of Tancred,
regent, 202 sq. ; her war with Henry VI,
203, 470 sg.
Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem, sister of Baldwin
IV, 309 sq.
Sic et Non, the, of Abelard, 799 sq.
Sicard, bishop of Cremona, canonist, 742
Sicily, Chap. iv passim; conquest of, 177 sq. ;
Urban II and, 90; final conquest of, by
Roger I, 183; Roger II crowned king of,
186; hostility of Western and Eastern
Empires to new kingdom, ib. ; position of
kingdom on Roger's death, 190 sq. ; king-
dom of, its position in 1160, 195; English.
men settle in, 198; kingdom of, adminis-
2
## p. 997 (#1043) ###########################################
Index
997
trative organisation of, 203 sq. ; feudalism
introduced, 204; corruption of theocratic
monarchy, 205; wealth of rulers, 206;
644; encouragement of art in, ib. ;
monasticism in, 668; relations with Em.
pire and Papacy, 362, 364 sqq. , 370, 374
sqq. , 416 sqq. , 420 sqq. , 427, 437, 439 sqq. ,
444, 447 sqq. , 452 sq. ; Henry VI and,
456 sq. , 460 sqq. , 469 sqq. , 476, 479;
493; counts and Kings of, see Henry VI,
Roger, Simon, Tancred, William
Sidon, 248, 255, 319; lordship of, 302
Sidonius Apollinaris, 766
Siegfried, archbishop of Mayence, his ap-
pointment and character, 114; wishes to
resign his see, 45; and Gregory VII,
60 sqq. ; and Thuringian tithes, 131; at
Council of Worms, 66; sentenced by
Gregory VII, 67; submits to Gregory VII,
73; crowns anti-king Rudolf at Mayence,
73, 139; expelled from Mayence, 120, 139;
joins cardinal Bernard in excommunica-
tion of Henry IV, 140; death of, 142;
157 note
Siegfried, count-palatine of the Rhine, re-
volts against Henry V, 157; death of, 159
Siegfried of Gorze, and Henry III's second
marriage, 22
Siena, election of Pope Nicholas II at, 35;
geographical position of, 208; dispute
over diocesan boundaries with Arezzo,
212; consuls at, 220 sq. ; financial officials
at, 233; risings in, 458; rivalry with
Florence, 228; annexation of, by Cosimo
of Florence, 226
Sigebod, bishop of Spires, 27
Sigehard, count of Saarbrücken, father of
archbishop Adalbert of Mayence, 158
Siger of Brabant, his De anima intellectiva,
Sixtus IV, Pope, 695
Slavs, German penetration among, 165;
attempts to convert, 114, 116, 333; see
also Wends
Snowdon, 525
Soběslav I, duke of Bohemia, brother of
Vladislav I, and Lothar III, 336 sq. ;
supports Béla's claim to Hungary, 345;
does homage to Conrad III, 346, 351 sq. ;
death of, 352
Soběslav II, duke of Bohemia, appointed by
Frederick I, but removed, 389
Socinus, Bartholomew, jurist, 740
Socinus, Marian, jurist, 740
Sofia, crusaders at, 276
Soissonais, the, 649
Soissons, serfdom at, 642; favourable geo-
graphical position of, 643; influence of
its charter, 649; count of, 607; 2, 680
Solway Firth, boundary of England, 524
Somerset, county, 503, 521, 544 sq. ; earldom
of, created by Matilda, 547; earl of, see
Mohun
Somme, river, 499
Soracte, 5, 421
Southampton, 571
Southwark, 547; priory of, 563
Southwell, 678
Souvigny, 618; abbey, 664
Sovana, birthplace of Gregory VII, 51
Spain, Church in, relations with Gregory VII,
85; abbot Richard of Marseilles legate in,
88; archbishop of Toledo made primate
in, 90; Urban II and, ib. ; Paschal II
formerly legate in, 96; Umayyad dynasty
in, 242; wars with the Muslims in, 267,
611; translators from the Arabic in, 810
sqq. , 817; development of Roman and
canon law in, 743 sqq. ; Visigothic laws,
744 sq. ; the Fuero Juzgo, 745; influence
of Justinianean and canon law, 746; the
Fuero Real, 747; las Partidas, ib. ; 644,
655; monasticism in, 676 sq. , 695 sq.
Spalding, 690
Spinoza, and Adam of Lille, 810
Spires, burial of Henry III at, 31; charters
granted to, 120, 157; devotion of citizens
to Henry IV, 127, 151; Henry IV buried
at, 151; 160; Henry V buried at, 165 ;
persecution of Jews by crusaders at, 277;
the centre of Hohenstaufen resistance to
Lothar III, 338 sq. ; captured by Lothar,
339; Lothar holds diet at (1136), 366 ;
St Bernard preaches Second Crusade at,
351, 355 ; 385 ; diet of (1178), 403
Spoleto, city, Henry IV appoints bishop of,
65; hostility to Perugia, 229; burned by
Frederick I, 422; 36
Spoleto, duchy of, Theobald duke of, 5;
given to Victor II by Henry III, 31;
Normans and, 180; Welf VI duke of, 384;
claimed by Alexander III, 429; Conrad
of Urslingen duke of, 472
Stade, 401; captured by Philip of Cologne,
406; enfeoffed to Henry the Lion, 460;
821 sq.
Sigewin, archbishop of Cologne, proclaims
Peace of God, 143; death of, 145
Sileham, 571
Silivri (Selymbria), sacked by crusaders,
281
Silvester, count of Marsico, governor in
Sicily, 196
Silvestrines, Order of, 688
Simon, count of Sicily, 184
Simon de Sentliz, earl of Northampton,
supports Henry II, 568, 571
Simony, 9 sqq. , 38, 41, 59, 61 sqq. , 81,
Simplicius, translated by William of Moer.
beke, 815
Sinān ibn 'Ulyān, Arab chief, 255
Sinzig, 382
Sion, Berthold IV of Zähringen made advo-
catus of see of, 390
Siponto, council at (1050), 25, 27
Siricius, Pope, and the first Decretal, 12,
709, 711; and child lectors, 768
Sitria, 667
Sitt-al-mulk, sister of Hākim, regent in
Egypt, 255
92 sq.
## p. 998 (#1044) ###########################################
998
Index
captured by Adolf III of Holstein, 465;
count of, see Rudolf
Stafford, borough, 504, 537
Staffordshire, 504, 568, 582
Stamford, borough, 538, 551
Stamford Bridge, battle of, 499 sq.
Standard, battle of the, 544
Stephanus Tornacensis, see Étienne of
Tournai
Stephanus, an Eastern jurist, 717
Stephen III, Pope, and papal elections, 36
Stephen IV, Pope, and papal elections, 36
Stephen IX, Pope (Frederick of Lorraine),
abbot of Monte Cassino, 29 sqq. ; papacy
of, 30, 32 sq. ; death of, 33, 35; 52, 114, 174
Stephen of Blois, King of England, favoured
by Henry I, 537; his fiefs, 537, 541;
swears fealty to Matilda, 540; his claims
to the throne, 541; crowned, 542; oppo-
sition to, 543, 604; Scottish wars, 543
sq. ; his failure in Normandy, 544;
quarrels with the Church, 545; civil war
with Matilda, 545 sqq. ; captured and
released, 547 sq. ; pause in the struggle,
549 sq. ; loses Normandy, 550, 607;
Henry II's invasion, 551, 610; peace with
Henry, 552, 610; dies, 552; character of
his reign, 552 sq.
Stephen I, St, King of Hungary, 85
Stephen II, King of Hungary, death of, 345
Stephen, cardinal, legate in France, 38, 46
Stephen of Chartres, Patriarch of Jerusalem,
313
Stephen of Perche, archbishop of Palermo,
brief rule in Sicily, 197
Stephen, St, founder of the Order of Grand-
mont, 668
Stephen, count of Blois, reaches Constanti-
nople in First Crusade, 283; on strength
of crusaders' army, 289 note; his position
as leader of First Crusade, 292 note; his
alarmist report to Alexius I, 294
Stephen of Obasine, 670
Stettin, saved by bishop Adalbert, 355
Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, 501 sq. ;
Sulaiman ibn Qutulmish, Seljūg emir, 263
Supplinburg, house of, failure of male line
of, 153 sq. ; see also Gebhard, Lothar III
Surrey, county, 582
Surrey, earldom of, created by William
Rufus, 529; 552; earls of, see Warenne,
William of Blois
Sūs, in Barbary, 190
Susa, in Piedmont, 442, 445
Süssel, 354
Sussex, county, 485, 497 sqq. ; no royal
manors kept in, 509; 521, 525; Robert
of Bellême loses his barony in, 529 sq. ;
564, 584
Sussex, earldom of, created by Stephen,
548; earl of, see Albini; see also Arundel
Sutri, synod of (1046), 21; synod of (1059),
36; Guibert at, 96; Henry V confirms
settlement with Paschal II at, 102 ;
Frederick I and Hadrian IV meet near,
418 sqq. ; bishop of, 473
Svatopluk, duke of Bohemia, relations with
Henry V, 165
Svein II Estrithson, King of Denmark, his
meeting with Henry IV, 130; his claims
on England, 482 sq. ; invades England, but
is forced to retire, 504
Svein III, King of Denmark, and the Wends,
355; his civil war with Canute, 386 sq. ;
his treachery and death, 387
Swabia, Agnes appoints Rudolf as duke of,
113; 118, 122, 133; position in, in 1077,
139; Frederick of Hohenstaufen appointed
duke of, 140; 141 sqq. ; supporters of Weli
in, 144 sq. ; 146 sq. ; settlement of duchy,
148 sq. ; power of Hohenstaufen in, 163,
166, 336; Lothar III and, 336 sqq. , 340;
defeat of Hohenstaufen, 340 sq. ; 128 note,
358, 466; dukes of, see Berthold, Frede-
rick, Otto, Philip, Rudolf; count-palatine
of, see Hugh
Sweden, Church in, relations with Gregory
VII, 85; monasticism in, 677, 694
Swine, nunnery, 681 sq.
Switzerland, development of Roman and
canon law in, 755 sq.
Sykelgaita, sister of Gisulf, marries Robert
Guiscard, 174; 182
Sylva Candida, cardinal-bishop of, made
bibliothecarius, 18
Sylvester I, Pope, 85
Sylvester II, Pope (Gerbert of Aurillac), his
philosophical works, 791; views
taken to Normandy, 503; his sees and
fiefs, 510 sq. ; deposed, 516
Stirling, castle of, 571
Strasbourg, 336, 409; peace of (1189), 459,
463
Strongbow, Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare,
earl of Pembroke, conquers Leinster, 565
Stuteville family, 568
Stuteville, Roger de, 580
Stuteville, William de, 571
Styria, march of, created a duchy, 405
Subiaco, monastery, 685
Suffolk, county, 507 sq. , 568
Sufis, philosophy of the, 816
Suger, abbot of St Denis, on Hugh of Le
Puiset, 594 ; Louis VI and, 597 sq. ; 605,
607; opposes Louis VII's crusade, 608,
373; regent, 608; his character and policy,
622 sq. ; 335, 684
Suidger of Bamberg, see Clement II, Pope
simony, 10 sq. ; 3
Sylvester III, anti-Pope, see John, bishop
of Sabina
Sylvester IV, anti-Pope, see Maginulf
Syon, Brigitine monastery, 692, 694 sq.
Syracuse, 176 sq. ; captured by the Normans,
183; surrenders to Henry VI, 471
Syria, see Chaps. VI, VII, VIII; disputed be-
tween Byzantines and Fātimites, 246 sqq. ;
conquered by Seljūgs, 259 sqq. ; invaded
by the First Crusade, 287, 289 sqq. ; see
also Jerusalem, kingdom of
I
on
## p. 999 (#1045) ###########################################
Index
999
Tadcaster, 499
Tāj-ad-Daulah Tutush, see Tutush
Talant, military importance of, 644; 630
Talvas, William, of Bellême, 541; rebels
against Stephen, 543
Tamim, Zairid emir of Africa, 177, 189,
226
Tanchelin, heresy of, 680
Tancred, King of Sicily, count of Lecce,
462; commands fleet of William II of
Sicily, 199; chosen King, 201, 461 sq. ;
relations with Richard I, 201, 462, 468;
his war with Henry VI, 201 sq. , 462 sqq. ,
469 sq. ; concordat of Gravina, 202, 464 sq. ,
467; relations with Byzantium, 202, 470;
dies, 202, 470
Tancred, prince of Antioch, nephew of
Bohemond, joins First Crusade, 274; at
Dorylaeum, 286; his rivalry with Baldwin
in Cilicia, 287 sqq. ; at siege of Antioch,
291 sq. ; marches on Jerusalem, 295; his
rule in Antioch, 301, 304
Tancred de Hauteville, his family, 170
Tancred, son of Tancred de Hauteville,
170
Tancred of Conversano, rebels against
Roger II, 186
Tancred, canonist, and the Ordo Iudiciarius,
743
Tannenberg, defeat of Teutonic Knights at,
333
Taranto, 173, 175 sq. , 192, 203, 464, 471
Taratūs, on Syrian coast, 252, 263
Taronea, abbey, 683
Tarsus, captured by Byzantines, 246; sur-
renders to crusaders, 288; in principality
of Antioch, 301
Tart, first Cistercian nunnery, 681
Tartars, appear in Syria, 317; defeated by
Qutuz, ib. ; missionary effort among, 325
Taxation, papal, x sq. ; ecclesiastical, 323 sq. ;
in Germany under Henry IV, 122 sq. ; in
England, 514, 519, 523, 533 sq. , 538 sq. ,
553, 582 sq. , 585, 590; in Sicily, 206
Tedald, father of Boniface of Tuscany, 23
Tedald, appointed archbishop of Milan by
Henry IV, 65, 134; Gregory VII and, 65
Tees, river, 519
Telham, 501
Tell-as-sultān, see Fasdiq
Tempier, Étienne, and Aquinas, 823
Templars, see Knights Templars
Terracina, Urban II elected at, 87
Terra di Lavoro, the, 195
Teutonic Knights, Order of, 306, 331 sqq. ,
683
Thames, river, 501, 507, 545, 551 sq.
Thebes, sacked by Roger II, 376
Theobald (IV), King of Navarre, count of
Champagne, leads a crusade in 1238, 315
sq. ; his charters to Troyes and Provins,
639
Theobald IV (II), count of Blois, Chartres,
and (1125) Champagne Troyes), wars
with Louis VI and Hugh de Puiset, 594,
597, 602 sq. ; succeeds to Champagne, 604;
the English succession and, 540 sqq. ;
quarrels with Louis VII, 605 sqq.
Theobald V, count of Blois, allies with
Henry 612; 614, 622
Theobald, duke of Spoleto, 5
Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, 545;
re-crowns Stephen, 548; becomes his
enemy, 550; flees to Normandy, 551;
Henry II and, 555; dies, 557
Theodora, wife of Henry Jasomirgott, 385
Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, his
collection of penitentials, 710
Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths, his
Edictum, 723; and schools of rhetoric,
766
Theodoric of Santa Rufina, anti-Pope, 96
Theodoric, cardinal-priest, excommunicates
Henry V, 160; death of, ib.
Theodoric, of Flanders, see Thierry
Theodosian Code, 12, 701, 704, 720 sq. , 730,
741, 745
Theodosius I, Emperor, 433
Theodosius II, Emperor, 739
Theodulf the Visigoth, bishop of Orleans,
and schools, 772, 774 sqq.
Theophilus, reputed author of the Para-
phrase of the Institutes, 717
Theophylact, cardinal, son of Gregory of
Tusculum, see Benedict VIII, Pope
Theophylact, son of Alberic of Tusculum,
see Benedict IX, Pope
Thetford, 511, 538
Thierry (Theodoric) of Alsace, count of
Flanders, secures county, 599 sqq. ; 399
note; on crusade, 308; 607
Thierry of Chartres, and logic, 808
Thierry Galeran, minister of Louis VI,
622
Thietmar, bishop of Hildesheim, 17
Thiron, monastery of, 670, 675, 678, 683
Thirsk castle, 568, 570 sq.
Thomas Becket, see Becket
Thomas of Bayeux, archbishop of York,
516
Thomas of Marle, his cruelty, 593; and
Louis VI, 595 sq.
Thorn, founded by Teutonic Knights, 333
Thorold of Neufmarché, made a guardian
of William I of Normandy, 492
Thumál, brother of Nasr ibn Şāliḥ, 258; his
rule in Aleppo, 258 sq.
Thuringia, title of landgrave in, 119; tithes
in, 131 ; 128, 140 sq. , 148, 158 sq. ; count
of, see Louis; landgraves of, see Herman,
Louis
Thurkil of Arden, 508
Thurstan Goz, vicomte of the Hiesmois,
493
Tiber, river, 78; island in, 91, 96; 661
Tiglieto, Cistercian abbey, 676
Tilleda, 469
Tillières, siege of, by Louis VI, 603
Tīmūr, his zeal for Islām, 326
Tinchebrai, battle of, 531 sq.
## p. 1000 (#1046) ##########################################
1000
Index
Tinnis, in Barbary, 189; pillaged by Nor-
mans, 200
Tintern, Cistercian abbey, 676
Tivoli, anti-Pope Guibert at, 79; hostility
of Rome to, 369; 429
Toledo, council of (531), 11, 769 sq. ; arch-
bishop of, made primate in Spain, 88, 90
Tolomei, Bernardo, founder of the Order
of Monte Oliveto, 688
Tonbridge, 521
Topcliffe, 571
Topoteretes, Ardoin appointed, at Melfi,
170
Toron, barony of the kingdom of Jerusalem,
302; see also Henfrid
Torquemada, cardinal John of, the canonist,
743, 748
Tortona, natural ally of Milan, 230 sq. ;
besieged and destroyed by Frederick I,
418; rebuilt, 422, 426
Tostig, rises against Harold, 499; defeated
and slain, ib.
Toul, 397, 409, 468; monastery of St Aper
Toulon, trade of, 644
Toulouse, Louis VII and, 605, 612, 616;
commune of, 628 sq. , 631, 650; synod at,
39
Toulouse (St Gilles), counts of, Henry II
and, 555 sq. , 562, 588, 611, 614; Louis VII
and, 556, 605, 611 sq. ; Richard I and, 572;
count of, 614, 645; effect of Crusades
on, 328; see also Alphonse-Jourdain,
Raymond
Touraine, 555, 612, 671
Tours, council at (1060), 38, 46; synod at
(1096), 95; province of, placed under
primacy of Lyons, 83; town, 652
Towy, river, 525, 546
Tractatus de investitura episcoporum, pam-
phlet in support of Henry V, 154
Trani, in Apulia, 169, 180, 192
Trapani, 176
Trave, river, 344, 354, 465
Treasurer, office of, under Henry II, 579 sq.
Trecate, destroyed by Frederick I, 417
Trematon, castle of, 530
Trent, city, 345; Council of, 696
Trent, river, 570
Treuga Dei, see Truce of God
Trèves, persecution of Jews by crusaders at,
277; dispute over see of (1183), 395, 407
sqq. , 453, 455 sq. , 458 sq. ; 20, 27
Treviso, disputes with Venice, 230; bishop
cedes feudal rights, 232; 449
Trezzo, captured by Frederick I, 427; re-
captured by Milanese, 428
Tribūr, diet at (1066), 116; diet at (1076),
decisions of, against Henry IV, 68 sq. ,
Tricontai, victory of Henry IV over Matilda
at, 91
Trie, 569
Trifels, castle of, 165, 474 note
Trikala, Normans at, 182
Trinitarian Order, the, 683
Tripoli, in Barbary, captured by Normans,
189; rebellion at, 190, 194
Tripolis, city on Syrian coast, 248 sq. , 252,
257, 264, 295; captured by crusaders, 302;
310, 312; taken by Qalā’ūn, 317 sq.
Tripolis, Frankish county of, 301 sq. , 313;
Assises of, 304; counts of, see Bertram,
Bohemond IV, Pons, Raymond
Trivium, the, 765
Troarn, monastery, 497
Troia, Normans established at, by Boioannes,
166; autonomy of, 216
Troina, Normans take, 177
Trois-Fontaines, abbey, 673
Trosly, synod of (909), and decay of regular
life, 4, 8
Troyes, commune of, 628, 639; 557; council
of (1107), 101; council of (1128), 682
Troyes, county, counts of, see Henry, Hugh,
Theobald; see also Champagne
Truce of God, compared with the Peace of
Weissenberg, 384; first proclaimed in
Normandy, 493 ; 27
Tughril Beg, Seljūq Sultan, 256; relations
with Abbasid Caliphs, 258 sq. ; his invasion
of Mesopotamia, 260
Tugbtigin, Turkish emir, 264
Tuln, near Vienna, 280
Tūlūnites, dynasty of emirs of Egypt, 259
Tunis, Fátimite Caliphs in, 242; indepen.
dent Aghlabite emirs in, 242; 247; Zairite
emirs in, 258, 266; Norman conquests in,
at, 2
189 sq.
Turks (Seljūqs), conquests in Syria, 260
sqq. ; victories over Byzantines, effect of,
in Europe, 269 sq. ; see also Chap. VIII
passim
Tuscany, 23, 33, 76, 93, 125; importance
of geography of the cities of, 227 sq. ;
366 sq.
