There is an edition by Henry Stephens,
1577, with Simler's notes, which also contains Dio-
nysius, Pomponius Mela, and Solinus The last
edition is by Gronovius, in his edition of Pomponius
Mela, Leyden, 1722.
1577, with Simler's notes, which also contains Dio-
nysius, Pomponius Mela, and Solinus The last
edition is by Gronovius, in his edition of Pomponius
Mela, Leyden, 1722.
Charles - 1867 - Classical Dictionary
.
i', De Palpitationibus (a name which
alone sufficiently indicates its antiquity), and is not
now in existence. Callimachus (. //'. Athcn. , 14, p.
643, e) mentions an author named ^? gimius, who
wrote a work on the art of making cheesecakes
(irhanovvrmowfov avyypa/qia), and Pliny mentions a
person of the same name (H. N. , 7, 49), who was
said to have lived two hundred years; but whether
those are the same or different individuals is quite
? ? uncertain.
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? 1418
SO PPiEMENI
nalium Formulanm Collectio, are inserted by C. G.
Kuhn in his Additam. ad Blench. Med. Vet. a J. A.
Faliricioin "MM. Gr. " Exhib. , and by Bona in his
Traetatus dc Scorbuto, Verona, 1781, 4to. Awaue-
fhv is a word used by the later Greek writers, and
is explained by Du Cange (Gloat. Med. et Infim. Gra-
eit. ) to mean vis, virtus. It is, however, frequently
used in the sense given to it above. See Leo,
Conspcct. Medic, 4,1, 11, ap. Ermerin. , Aneed. Med.
(? rac. , p. 153, 157. Two other of his works are
quoted or mentioned by Hieron. Mercurialis in his
Varix Lectiones, 3, 4; and his work De Venenis el
Mortis Venenosis, 1, 16; 2, 3; and also by Schnei-
der in his Prefaces to Nicander's Thcriaca, p. 11, and
Alexipharmaea, p. 19.
. Emilia Gens, originally written Aissilu, one of
the most ancient patrician houses at Rome. Its
origin is referred to the time of Numa,. and it is
said to have been descended from Mamercus, who
received the name of . Emilius on account of the
persuasiveness of his language (it' aqivkiav Iwyov).
This Mamercus is represented by some as the son
of Pythagoras, and by others as the son of Numa,
while a third account traces his origin to Ascanius,
who had two sons, Julius and Emylos. (Plut. ,
JSmiV. , 2; Num. , 8. 21. --Festus, s. v. JEmil. ) Amu-
lius is also mentioned as one of the ancestors of the
. Emilii. (Si! . Ital. , 8, 297. ) It seems pretty clear
that the . (Emilii were of Sabine origin; and Festus
derives the name Mamercus from the Oscan, Ma-
rners in that language being the same as Mars.
The Sabines spoke Oscan. Since, then, the . Emilii
were supposed to have come to Koine in the time
of Numa, and Numa was said to have been intimate
with Pythagoras, we can see the origin of the le-
gend which makes the ancestor of the house the
son of Pythagoras. The first member of the house
who obtained the consulship was L. . Emilius Ma-
mercus, in B. C. 484.
The family names of this gens are: Barbuia,
Buca, Lepiuus, Mamercus or Mamercin'Js, Papus,
Paullus, Regillus, Scaurub. Of these names,
Buca, Lepidus, Paullus, and Scaurus are the only
cnes that occur on coins.
-? Emi-ianus, IV. (who is also called JEmilius)
lived in the fifth century after Christ, and is known
as a physician, confessor, and martyr. In the reign
of the Vandal King Hunneric (A. D. 477-484), du-
ring the Arian persecution in Africa, he was most
cruelly put to death. The Romish Church cele-
brates his memory on the sixth of December; the
Greek Church on the seventh. (Martyrol. Rom. , cd.
? Baron. --Victor Vitensis, De Persecut. Vandal. , 5, 1,
with Ruinart's notes, raris, 8vo, 1694. --Bzovius,
Numenclator Sanctorum Professione Medicorum. ')
? Esara (Aiffupa) of Lucania, a female Pythago-
rean philosopher, said to be a daughter of Pythago-
ras. She wrote a work "about Human Nature,"
of which a fragment is preserved by Stobaeus.
Some editors attribute this fragment to Aresas, one
of the successors of Pythagoras; but Bentley pre-
fers reading . Esara. She is also mentioned in
the life of Pythagoras (ap. Phot. , cod. 249, p. 438,
- b , ed. Bekker), where Bentley reads Aladpa instead
of Sdpa (Dissertation upon Phalaris, p. 277).
. Eschrion, III. a native of Pergamus, and a phy-
Bician in the second century after Christ. He was
? ? one of Galen's tutors, who says that he belonged to
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? SUPPLEMENT.
1413
en of the place. This sacrifice was offered as an
atonement for a crime which had once been com-
mitted in the temple of the goddess. But an oracle
had declared to them that they should be releaaec
rrom the necessity of making this sacrifice, if a
"oreign divinity should be brought to them by a
foreign king. This oracle was now fulfilled. Eu-
rypylus, on seeing the victims led to the altar, was
cured of his madness, and perceived that this was
the place pointed out to him by the oracle; and the
Aroeans also, on seeing the god in the chest, re-
membered the old prophecy, stopped the sacrifice,
and instituted a festival of Dionysus ^Csymnetes.
for this was the name of the god in the chest.
Nine men and nine women were appointed to at-
tend to his worship. During one night of this fes-
tival a priest carried the chest outside the town
and all the children of the place, adorned, as for-
merly the victims used to be, with garlands of corn-
ears, went down to the banks of the river Meilichius,
which had before been called Ameilichius, hung up
their garlands, purified themselves, and then put on
other garlands of ivy, after which they returned to
the sanctuary of Dionysus ^symnetes. (Paus. , 7,
19 and 20. ) This tradition, though otherwise very
obscure, evidently points to a time when human
sacrifices were abolished at AroB by the introduc-
tion of a new worship. At Patrae, in Achaia, there
was likewise a temple dedicated to Dionysus l>ym-
netes. (Paus. , 7, 21, $ 12. )
^ETHER (At0ijp), a personified idea of the mythical
cosmogonies. According to that of Hyginus (Fab.
Pref. , p. 1, ed. Stavcren), be was, together with
Night, Day, and Erebus, begotten by Chaos and
Caligo (Darkness). According to that of Hesiod
(Theog. , 124), JElher was the son of Erebus and
his sister Night, and a brother of Day. (Comp.
Phornut. , De Nat. Dear. , 16. ) Tlic children of
<? thcr and Day were Land, Heaven, and Sea, and
from his connexion with the Earth there sprang all
ihe vices which destroy the human race, and also
t'. ie Giants and Titans. (Hygin. , Fab. Pref. , p. -2,
&c. ) These accounts show that, in the Greek cos-
mogonies, ^Ether was considered as one of the ele
mentary substances out of which the Universe was
formed. In the Orphic Hymns (4), . (Ether appears
as the soul of the world, from which all life ema-
nates: an idea which was also adopted by some of the
early philosophers of Greece. In later times, jEther
was regarded as the wide space of Heaven, the resi-
dence of the gods, and Jupiter as the Lord of the
/Ether, or jEther itself personified. (Pacuv. , ap. Cic. ,
De Nat. Dear. , 2, 36, lO. --Lucret. , 5, 499. --Virg. ,
JEn. , 12, 140. --Georg. , 2, 325. )
. Ivnunv, HISTER or Ism:, a Roman writer of
the fourth century, a native of Istria according to
his surname, or, according to Rabanus Maurus, of
Scythia, the author of a geographical work called
^Ethici Cosmographia. We learn, from the preface,
lhat a measurement of the whole Roman world was
ordered by Julius Caesar to be'made by the most
able men; that this measurement was begun in the
consulship of Julius Caesar and M. Antonius, i. e. ,
B. C. 44; that three Greeks were appointed for the
purpose, Zenodoxus, Theodotus, and Polyclitus;
that Zenodoxus measured all the eastern part,
which occupied him twenty-one years, five months,
? ? and nine days, on to the third consulship of Augus-
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? 1490
S UPPLEMENT.
he appellatives Sopliista and Philosophus are found.
One of the oldest MSS. , if not the oldest, is the
Vatican one. This is the only one which speaks of
the west in the introduction. But it is carelessly
written: consulibut (e. g. ) is several times put for
umtulalum. Suis is found as a contraction (1) for
tup-. ascriplis. The introduction is very difierent in
this and in the other MSS.
The first edition of the Cosmographia was by
Binder, Basel, 1575, together with the Itinerarium
Antonbi.
There is an edition by Henry Stephens,
1577, with Simler's notes, which also contains Dio-
nysius, Pomponius Mela, and Solinus The last
edition is by Gronovius, in his edition of Pomponius
Mela, Leyden, 1722.
Aethliub ('Ae'flfooc), the author of a work entitled
"Samian Annals" ('Qpot ? <<auoi), the fifth book of
which is quoted by Athenseus, although he expresses
a douot about the genuineness of the work (14, p. -
650, d, 653, f). . ? thlius is also referred to by
Clemens Alexandrinus (Protr. , p. 30, a), Eusta-
thius {ad Od. , 7, 120, p. 1573), and in the Etymo-
logicum Magnum (*. t>. vivurat), where the name
is written Athlius.
Afrania, Caia or Gau, the wife of the senator
Licinius Buccio, a very litigious woman, who al-
ways pleaded her own causes before the praetor,
and thus gave occasion to the publishing of the
edict which forbade all women to postulate. She
was, perhaps, the sister of L. Afranius, consul in
B. C 60. She died B. C. 48. (Vol. Max. , 8,3, Y 1. --
Dig. , 3, tit. 1, s. 1, v 5.
Afrania Gens, plebeian, is first mentioned in the
second century B. C. The only cognomen of this
gens, which occurs under the republic, is Stellio:
those names which have no cognomen are given
under Afranius. Some persons of this name ev-
idently did not belong to the Afrania gens. On
corns we find only S. Afranius and M. Afranius,
Of whom nothing is known. (Eckhel, 5, p. 132, &c. )
ArRiciNDs ('AQputavdc), III. a writer on veteri-
nary surgery, whose date is not certainly known,
but who may, very probably, be the same person as
Sex. Julius Africanus, whose work entitled Kearoi
contained information upon medical subjects. {Vid
Africanus, Sex. Julius. ) His remains were publish-
ed in the Collection of Writers on Veterinary Medi-
cine, first in a Latin translation by J. Ruellius, Par. ,
1530, fol. , and afterward in Greek, Bas. , 1537,4to,
edited by Grynteus. --IV. Sex. Cfxn. ius, a classi-
cal Roman jurisconsult, who lived under Antoninus
Pius. He was probably a pupil of Salvius Julianus,
? the celebrated reformer of the Edict under Hadrian.
He consulted Julian on legal subjects {Dig. , 25, til.
3, s 3, v 4), and there is a controverted passage in
the Digest (Africanus libro viceiimoEpistolarum apud
Julianum quant, &C. : Dig. , 30, tit. 1, S. 39), which
has been explained in various ways ; either that he
published a legal correspondence which passed be-
tween him and Julianus, or that he commented
upon the epistolary opinions given by Julianus in
answer to the letters of clients, or that he wrote a
commentary upon Julianus in the form of letters.
On the other hand, Julianus "ex Sexto" is quoted
by Gaius (2, 218), which shows that Julianus an-
notated Sextus, the formula "ex Sexto" being sy-
nonymous with "ad Sextum. " (Neuber, Die Jurist.
? ? Klasiilcer, 8, 9. ) Who was Sextus but Africanus 1
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? SUPPLEMENT.
1421
AoAt:i. YT'i. <<
about Olympia (Ilepl'
the author of a work
, which is referred
to by Suidas and Photius (*. >>. K. inli&i6uv).
AUAI. U. S ('AyoAXif), of Corcyra,' a female gram-
marian. who wrote upon Homer. (Athen. , 1, p. 14,
il) Some have supposed, from two passages in
Suidas (>>. v. 'AvdyaUi; and 'OpxiatO, that we
ought to read Anagallis in this passage of Athenas-
us. The scholiast upon Homer and Eustathius (ad
It. , 18, 491) mention a grammarian of the name of
Agullias, a pupil of Aristophanes the grammarian,
also a Corcyraean and a commentator upon Ho-
mer, who may be the same as Agallis, or, perhaps,
her father.
AQAMEDE (A-yafi^dn), I. a daughter of Augeias
and wife of Mulius, who, according to Homer (//. ,
11, 739), was acquainted with the healing powers
of all the plants that grow upon the earth. Hygi-
nus (Fab. , 157) makes her the mother of Belus,
Actor, and Dictys, by Poseidon. -- II. A daughter of
Macaria, from whom Agamede, a place in Lesbos,
was believed to have derived its name. (Steph.
Hi/:-, t. t>. 'Ayo^iSj? . )
AOAPKTUS ('AyaTTifroj-), I. Metropolitan Bishop
of Rhodes, A. D. 457. When the Emperor Leo
wrote to him for the opinion of his suffragans and
himself on the council of Chalcedon, he defended it
against Timotheus /Elurus, in a letter still extant in
a Latin translation, Conciliorum Nova Collectio ii
Mansi, vol. 7, p. 580. -- II. St. , born at Rome, was
archdeacon, and raised to the Holy See, A. D. 535.
He was no sooner consecrated than he took off the
anathemas pronounced by Pope Boniface II. against
bis deceased rival Dioscorus on a false charge of
? imony. He received an appeal from the Catholics
of Constantinople, when Anthimus, the Monophy-
? ite, was made their bishop by Theodora. The fear
of an invasion of Italy by Justinian led the Goth
Theodatus to oblige St. Agapetus to go himself to
Constantinople, in hope that Justinian might be di-
verted from his purpose. (Vid. Breriarium S. Like-
"ati. up. Mansi, Concilia, vol. 9, p. 695. ) As to this
last object, he could make no impression on the em-
peror, but he succeeded in persuading him to depose
Anthimus; and when Mennas was chosen to suc-
ceed him, Agapetus laid his own hands upon him.
The council and the Synodal (interpreted into GVeek)
sent by Agapetus relating to these affairs may be
found ap. Mansi, vol. 8, p. 869, 921. Complaints
were sent him from various quarters against the
Monophysite Acephali; but he died suddenly, A. D.
636, April 22, and they were read in a council held
on 2d May, by Mennas. (. Maori, ibid. , p. 874. )
There are two letters from St. Agapetus to Justin-
ian in reply to a letter from the emperor, in the
latter of which he refuses to acknowledge the Or-
ders' of the Arians; and there are two others: 1.
To the bishops of Africa, on the same subject; 2.
To Reparatus, bishop of Carthage, in ansjver to a
letter of congratulation on his elevation to the pon-
tificate. (Manti, Concilia, 8, p. 846-850. ) -- III.
Deacon of the Church of St. Sophia, A. D. 527.
There are two other Agapeti mentioned in a coun-
zil held by Mennas at this time at Constantinople,
who were archimandrites, or abbots. Agapetus
? ? was tutor to Justinian, and, on the accession of the
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? ma
SUPPLEMENT
Eclectic . - -Vid. J. C. Oslcrluihicn, Hislor. Sectae
Pneumatic. Med. , Altorf. , 1791, 8vo. --C. G. Kuhn,
Addilam. ad Elcnch. Medic. Vet. a J. A. Fairicio, in
"Bibtioth. Gro'ca," exhibit. )
Aoathoclea ('AyaBonXeia), a mistress of the prof-
ligate Ptolemy Philopator, king of Egypt, and sis-
ter of his no less profligate minister Agathocles.
She and her brother, who both exercised the most
unbounded influence over the king, were introduced
to him by their ambitious and avaricious mother,
(Enanthe. After Ptolemy had put to death bis wife
and sister Eurydice, Agathoclea became his fa-
vourite. On the death of Ptolemy (B. C. 205), Agath-
oclea and her friends kept the event secret, that
they might have an opportunity of plundering the
royal treasury. They also formed a conspiracy for
setting Agathocles on the throne. He managed for
some time, in conjunction with Sosibius, to act as
guardian to the young king Ptolemy Epiphanes. At
last, the Egyptians and the Macedonians of Alexan-
dres, exasperated at his outrages, rose against him,
and Tlepolemus placed himself at their head. They
surrounded the palace in the night, and forced their
way in. Agathocles and his sister implored in iho
most abject manner that their lives might be spared,
but in vain. The former was killed by his friends,
that he might not be exposed to a more cruel fate.
Agathoclea, with her sisters, and (Enanthe, who
had taken refuge in a temple, were dragged forth,
and in a state of nakedness exposed to the fury of
the multitude, who literally tore them limb from
limb. All their relatives, and those who had any
share in the murder of Eurydice, were likewise put
to death. (Polyb. , 5, 63; 14,11; 15, 25-34. --Justin. ,
30,1, 2-- Alhen. , 6, p. 251; 13, p. 576. --Plul. , Cleom. ,
33.
alone sufficiently indicates its antiquity), and is not
now in existence. Callimachus (. //'. Athcn. , 14, p.
643, e) mentions an author named ^? gimius, who
wrote a work on the art of making cheesecakes
(irhanovvrmowfov avyypa/qia), and Pliny mentions a
person of the same name (H. N. , 7, 49), who was
said to have lived two hundred years; but whether
those are the same or different individuals is quite
? ? uncertain.
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? 1418
SO PPiEMENI
nalium Formulanm Collectio, are inserted by C. G.
Kuhn in his Additam. ad Blench. Med. Vet. a J. A.
Faliricioin "MM. Gr. " Exhib. , and by Bona in his
Traetatus dc Scorbuto, Verona, 1781, 4to. Awaue-
fhv is a word used by the later Greek writers, and
is explained by Du Cange (Gloat. Med. et Infim. Gra-
eit. ) to mean vis, virtus. It is, however, frequently
used in the sense given to it above. See Leo,
Conspcct. Medic, 4,1, 11, ap. Ermerin. , Aneed. Med.
(? rac. , p. 153, 157. Two other of his works are
quoted or mentioned by Hieron. Mercurialis in his
Varix Lectiones, 3, 4; and his work De Venenis el
Mortis Venenosis, 1, 16; 2, 3; and also by Schnei-
der in his Prefaces to Nicander's Thcriaca, p. 11, and
Alexipharmaea, p. 19.
. Emilia Gens, originally written Aissilu, one of
the most ancient patrician houses at Rome. Its
origin is referred to the time of Numa,. and it is
said to have been descended from Mamercus, who
received the name of . Emilius on account of the
persuasiveness of his language (it' aqivkiav Iwyov).
This Mamercus is represented by some as the son
of Pythagoras, and by others as the son of Numa,
while a third account traces his origin to Ascanius,
who had two sons, Julius and Emylos. (Plut. ,
JSmiV. , 2; Num. , 8. 21. --Festus, s. v. JEmil. ) Amu-
lius is also mentioned as one of the ancestors of the
. Emilii. (Si! . Ital. , 8, 297. ) It seems pretty clear
that the . (Emilii were of Sabine origin; and Festus
derives the name Mamercus from the Oscan, Ma-
rners in that language being the same as Mars.
The Sabines spoke Oscan. Since, then, the . Emilii
were supposed to have come to Koine in the time
of Numa, and Numa was said to have been intimate
with Pythagoras, we can see the origin of the le-
gend which makes the ancestor of the house the
son of Pythagoras. The first member of the house
who obtained the consulship was L. . Emilius Ma-
mercus, in B. C. 484.
The family names of this gens are: Barbuia,
Buca, Lepiuus, Mamercus or Mamercin'Js, Papus,
Paullus, Regillus, Scaurub. Of these names,
Buca, Lepidus, Paullus, and Scaurus are the only
cnes that occur on coins.
-? Emi-ianus, IV. (who is also called JEmilius)
lived in the fifth century after Christ, and is known
as a physician, confessor, and martyr. In the reign
of the Vandal King Hunneric (A. D. 477-484), du-
ring the Arian persecution in Africa, he was most
cruelly put to death. The Romish Church cele-
brates his memory on the sixth of December; the
Greek Church on the seventh. (Martyrol. Rom. , cd.
? Baron. --Victor Vitensis, De Persecut. Vandal. , 5, 1,
with Ruinart's notes, raris, 8vo, 1694. --Bzovius,
Numenclator Sanctorum Professione Medicorum. ')
? Esara (Aiffupa) of Lucania, a female Pythago-
rean philosopher, said to be a daughter of Pythago-
ras. She wrote a work "about Human Nature,"
of which a fragment is preserved by Stobaeus.
Some editors attribute this fragment to Aresas, one
of the successors of Pythagoras; but Bentley pre-
fers reading . Esara. She is also mentioned in
the life of Pythagoras (ap. Phot. , cod. 249, p. 438,
- b , ed. Bekker), where Bentley reads Aladpa instead
of Sdpa (Dissertation upon Phalaris, p. 277).
. Eschrion, III. a native of Pergamus, and a phy-
Bician in the second century after Christ. He was
? ? one of Galen's tutors, who says that he belonged to
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? SUPPLEMENT.
1413
en of the place. This sacrifice was offered as an
atonement for a crime which had once been com-
mitted in the temple of the goddess. But an oracle
had declared to them that they should be releaaec
rrom the necessity of making this sacrifice, if a
"oreign divinity should be brought to them by a
foreign king. This oracle was now fulfilled. Eu-
rypylus, on seeing the victims led to the altar, was
cured of his madness, and perceived that this was
the place pointed out to him by the oracle; and the
Aroeans also, on seeing the god in the chest, re-
membered the old prophecy, stopped the sacrifice,
and instituted a festival of Dionysus ^Csymnetes.
for this was the name of the god in the chest.
Nine men and nine women were appointed to at-
tend to his worship. During one night of this fes-
tival a priest carried the chest outside the town
and all the children of the place, adorned, as for-
merly the victims used to be, with garlands of corn-
ears, went down to the banks of the river Meilichius,
which had before been called Ameilichius, hung up
their garlands, purified themselves, and then put on
other garlands of ivy, after which they returned to
the sanctuary of Dionysus ^symnetes. (Paus. , 7,
19 and 20. ) This tradition, though otherwise very
obscure, evidently points to a time when human
sacrifices were abolished at AroB by the introduc-
tion of a new worship. At Patrae, in Achaia, there
was likewise a temple dedicated to Dionysus l>ym-
netes. (Paus. , 7, 21, $ 12. )
^ETHER (At0ijp), a personified idea of the mythical
cosmogonies. According to that of Hyginus (Fab.
Pref. , p. 1, ed. Stavcren), be was, together with
Night, Day, and Erebus, begotten by Chaos and
Caligo (Darkness). According to that of Hesiod
(Theog. , 124), JElher was the son of Erebus and
his sister Night, and a brother of Day. (Comp.
Phornut. , De Nat. Dear. , 16. ) Tlic children of
<? thcr and Day were Land, Heaven, and Sea, and
from his connexion with the Earth there sprang all
ihe vices which destroy the human race, and also
t'. ie Giants and Titans. (Hygin. , Fab. Pref. , p. -2,
&c. ) These accounts show that, in the Greek cos-
mogonies, ^Ether was considered as one of the ele
mentary substances out of which the Universe was
formed. In the Orphic Hymns (4), . (Ether appears
as the soul of the world, from which all life ema-
nates: an idea which was also adopted by some of the
early philosophers of Greece. In later times, jEther
was regarded as the wide space of Heaven, the resi-
dence of the gods, and Jupiter as the Lord of the
/Ether, or jEther itself personified. (Pacuv. , ap. Cic. ,
De Nat. Dear. , 2, 36, lO. --Lucret. , 5, 499. --Virg. ,
JEn. , 12, 140. --Georg. , 2, 325. )
. Ivnunv, HISTER or Ism:, a Roman writer of
the fourth century, a native of Istria according to
his surname, or, according to Rabanus Maurus, of
Scythia, the author of a geographical work called
^Ethici Cosmographia. We learn, from the preface,
lhat a measurement of the whole Roman world was
ordered by Julius Caesar to be'made by the most
able men; that this measurement was begun in the
consulship of Julius Caesar and M. Antonius, i. e. ,
B. C. 44; that three Greeks were appointed for the
purpose, Zenodoxus, Theodotus, and Polyclitus;
that Zenodoxus measured all the eastern part,
which occupied him twenty-one years, five months,
? ? and nine days, on to the third consulship of Augus-
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? 1490
S UPPLEMENT.
he appellatives Sopliista and Philosophus are found.
One of the oldest MSS. , if not the oldest, is the
Vatican one. This is the only one which speaks of
the west in the introduction. But it is carelessly
written: consulibut (e. g. ) is several times put for
umtulalum. Suis is found as a contraction (1) for
tup-. ascriplis. The introduction is very difierent in
this and in the other MSS.
The first edition of the Cosmographia was by
Binder, Basel, 1575, together with the Itinerarium
Antonbi.
There is an edition by Henry Stephens,
1577, with Simler's notes, which also contains Dio-
nysius, Pomponius Mela, and Solinus The last
edition is by Gronovius, in his edition of Pomponius
Mela, Leyden, 1722.
Aethliub ('Ae'flfooc), the author of a work entitled
"Samian Annals" ('Qpot ? <<auoi), the fifth book of
which is quoted by Athenseus, although he expresses
a douot about the genuineness of the work (14, p. -
650, d, 653, f). . ? thlius is also referred to by
Clemens Alexandrinus (Protr. , p. 30, a), Eusta-
thius {ad Od. , 7, 120, p. 1573), and in the Etymo-
logicum Magnum (*. t>. vivurat), where the name
is written Athlius.
Afrania, Caia or Gau, the wife of the senator
Licinius Buccio, a very litigious woman, who al-
ways pleaded her own causes before the praetor,
and thus gave occasion to the publishing of the
edict which forbade all women to postulate. She
was, perhaps, the sister of L. Afranius, consul in
B. C 60. She died B. C. 48. (Vol. Max. , 8,3, Y 1. --
Dig. , 3, tit. 1, s. 1, v 5.
Afrania Gens, plebeian, is first mentioned in the
second century B. C. The only cognomen of this
gens, which occurs under the republic, is Stellio:
those names which have no cognomen are given
under Afranius. Some persons of this name ev-
idently did not belong to the Afrania gens. On
corns we find only S. Afranius and M. Afranius,
Of whom nothing is known. (Eckhel, 5, p. 132, &c. )
ArRiciNDs ('AQputavdc), III. a writer on veteri-
nary surgery, whose date is not certainly known,
but who may, very probably, be the same person as
Sex. Julius Africanus, whose work entitled Kearoi
contained information upon medical subjects. {Vid
Africanus, Sex. Julius. ) His remains were publish-
ed in the Collection of Writers on Veterinary Medi-
cine, first in a Latin translation by J. Ruellius, Par. ,
1530, fol. , and afterward in Greek, Bas. , 1537,4to,
edited by Grynteus. --IV. Sex. Cfxn. ius, a classi-
cal Roman jurisconsult, who lived under Antoninus
Pius. He was probably a pupil of Salvius Julianus,
? the celebrated reformer of the Edict under Hadrian.
He consulted Julian on legal subjects {Dig. , 25, til.
3, s 3, v 4), and there is a controverted passage in
the Digest (Africanus libro viceiimoEpistolarum apud
Julianum quant, &C. : Dig. , 30, tit. 1, S. 39), which
has been explained in various ways ; either that he
published a legal correspondence which passed be-
tween him and Julianus, or that he commented
upon the epistolary opinions given by Julianus in
answer to the letters of clients, or that he wrote a
commentary upon Julianus in the form of letters.
On the other hand, Julianus "ex Sexto" is quoted
by Gaius (2, 218), which shows that Julianus an-
notated Sextus, the formula "ex Sexto" being sy-
nonymous with "ad Sextum. " (Neuber, Die Jurist.
? ? Klasiilcer, 8, 9. ) Who was Sextus but Africanus 1
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? SUPPLEMENT.
1421
AoAt:i. YT'i. <<
about Olympia (Ilepl'
the author of a work
, which is referred
to by Suidas and Photius (*. >>. K. inli&i6uv).
AUAI. U. S ('AyoAXif), of Corcyra,' a female gram-
marian. who wrote upon Homer. (Athen. , 1, p. 14,
il) Some have supposed, from two passages in
Suidas (>>. v. 'AvdyaUi; and 'OpxiatO, that we
ought to read Anagallis in this passage of Athenas-
us. The scholiast upon Homer and Eustathius (ad
It. , 18, 491) mention a grammarian of the name of
Agullias, a pupil of Aristophanes the grammarian,
also a Corcyraean and a commentator upon Ho-
mer, who may be the same as Agallis, or, perhaps,
her father.
AQAMEDE (A-yafi^dn), I. a daughter of Augeias
and wife of Mulius, who, according to Homer (//. ,
11, 739), was acquainted with the healing powers
of all the plants that grow upon the earth. Hygi-
nus (Fab. , 157) makes her the mother of Belus,
Actor, and Dictys, by Poseidon. -- II. A daughter of
Macaria, from whom Agamede, a place in Lesbos,
was believed to have derived its name. (Steph.
Hi/:-, t. t>. 'Ayo^iSj? . )
AOAPKTUS ('AyaTTifroj-), I. Metropolitan Bishop
of Rhodes, A. D. 457. When the Emperor Leo
wrote to him for the opinion of his suffragans and
himself on the council of Chalcedon, he defended it
against Timotheus /Elurus, in a letter still extant in
a Latin translation, Conciliorum Nova Collectio ii
Mansi, vol. 7, p. 580. -- II. St. , born at Rome, was
archdeacon, and raised to the Holy See, A. D. 535.
He was no sooner consecrated than he took off the
anathemas pronounced by Pope Boniface II. against
bis deceased rival Dioscorus on a false charge of
? imony. He received an appeal from the Catholics
of Constantinople, when Anthimus, the Monophy-
? ite, was made their bishop by Theodora. The fear
of an invasion of Italy by Justinian led the Goth
Theodatus to oblige St. Agapetus to go himself to
Constantinople, in hope that Justinian might be di-
verted from his purpose. (Vid. Breriarium S. Like-
"ati. up. Mansi, Concilia, vol. 9, p. 695. ) As to this
last object, he could make no impression on the em-
peror, but he succeeded in persuading him to depose
Anthimus; and when Mennas was chosen to suc-
ceed him, Agapetus laid his own hands upon him.
The council and the Synodal (interpreted into GVeek)
sent by Agapetus relating to these affairs may be
found ap. Mansi, vol. 8, p. 869, 921. Complaints
were sent him from various quarters against the
Monophysite Acephali; but he died suddenly, A. D.
636, April 22, and they were read in a council held
on 2d May, by Mennas. (. Maori, ibid. , p. 874. )
There are two letters from St. Agapetus to Justin-
ian in reply to a letter from the emperor, in the
latter of which he refuses to acknowledge the Or-
ders' of the Arians; and there are two others: 1.
To the bishops of Africa, on the same subject; 2.
To Reparatus, bishop of Carthage, in ansjver to a
letter of congratulation on his elevation to the pon-
tificate. (Manti, Concilia, 8, p. 846-850. ) -- III.
Deacon of the Church of St. Sophia, A. D. 527.
There are two other Agapeti mentioned in a coun-
zil held by Mennas at this time at Constantinople,
who were archimandrites, or abbots. Agapetus
? ? was tutor to Justinian, and, on the accession of the
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? ma
SUPPLEMENT
Eclectic . - -Vid. J. C. Oslcrluihicn, Hislor. Sectae
Pneumatic. Med. , Altorf. , 1791, 8vo. --C. G. Kuhn,
Addilam. ad Elcnch. Medic. Vet. a J. A. Fairicio, in
"Bibtioth. Gro'ca," exhibit. )
Aoathoclea ('AyaBonXeia), a mistress of the prof-
ligate Ptolemy Philopator, king of Egypt, and sis-
ter of his no less profligate minister Agathocles.
She and her brother, who both exercised the most
unbounded influence over the king, were introduced
to him by their ambitious and avaricious mother,
(Enanthe. After Ptolemy had put to death bis wife
and sister Eurydice, Agathoclea became his fa-
vourite. On the death of Ptolemy (B. C. 205), Agath-
oclea and her friends kept the event secret, that
they might have an opportunity of plundering the
royal treasury. They also formed a conspiracy for
setting Agathocles on the throne. He managed for
some time, in conjunction with Sosibius, to act as
guardian to the young king Ptolemy Epiphanes. At
last, the Egyptians and the Macedonians of Alexan-
dres, exasperated at his outrages, rose against him,
and Tlepolemus placed himself at their head. They
surrounded the palace in the night, and forced their
way in. Agathocles and his sister implored in iho
most abject manner that their lives might be spared,
but in vain. The former was killed by his friends,
that he might not be exposed to a more cruel fate.
Agathoclea, with her sisters, and (Enanthe, who
had taken refuge in a temple, were dragged forth,
and in a state of nakedness exposed to the fury of
the multitude, who literally tore them limb from
limb. All their relatives, and those who had any
share in the murder of Eurydice, were likewise put
to death. (Polyb. , 5, 63; 14,11; 15, 25-34. --Justin. ,
30,1, 2-- Alhen. , 6, p. 251; 13, p. 576. --Plul. , Cleom. ,
33.
