feared would convert them to the
religion
of the p.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
An Constantinople, Epiphanius, then a presbyter, was
## p. 39 (#55) ##############################################
EPIPHANIUS.
89
EPIPHANIUS.
chosen to succeed him : he had been the syncellus" | 36; Fabric. Bill. Grace vol. viii. p. 257, xii. pp
or personal attendant (the functions of the syncellus 666, 674. )
are not determined) of his predecessor. The elec 6. Of CONSTANTINOPLE (2). The life of St.
tion of Epiphanius is stated by Theophanes to have Andreas or Andrew, d Zands (the fool), by his
taken place in Feb. a. D. 512 of the Alexandrian contemporary and friend Nicephorus, contains va-
computation, equivalent to A. d. 519 or probably rious particulars of the history and character of
520 of the common era ; the account, transmitted Epiphanius, a young Constantinopolitan, who is
only four days after his ordination, to pope Hor- described as possessed of every desirable endow-
misdas, by the deacon Dioscurus, then at Constan-ment of mind and body, and as having manifested
tinople, as one of the legates of the Roman see, the strongest affection and regard for the saint who
given by Labbe (Concilia, vol. iv. p. 1523), was foretold his eleration to the patriarchate of Con-
received at Rome on the 7th of April, a. D. 520, stantinople. Nicephorus declares that he lived to
which must therefore have been the year of his see this prophecy fulfilled in the elevation of Epi-
election. He occupied the see from a. D. 520 till phanius to that metropolitan dignity, but intimates
his death in A. D. 535. Theophanes places his that he changed his name. The Epiphanius of
death in June, A. D. 529, Alex. comput. = A. D. 536 this narrative has been by Fabricius confounded
of the common era, after a patriarchate of sixteen with the subject of the preceding article; but Jan-
years and three months; but Pagi (Critic. in Baronii ninghus bas shewn that as St. Andrew did not live
Annales ad ann. 535, No. lviii. ) shortens this cal- till late in the ninth century and the earlier part of
culation by a year. Epiphanius was one of the the tenth, the Epiphanius of Nicephorus must have
saints of the Greek calendar, and is mentioned in the lived long after the other. As he changed his
Menologium translated by Sirletus, but not in that name, he cannot be certainly identified with any of
of the emperor Basil. He was succeeded by An- the patriarchs of Constantinople. Janninghus con-
thimus, bishop of Trapezus.
jectures that he is identical with Polyeuctus or
Some Letters of Epiphanius to pope Hormisdas, Antonius III. (Studita), who occupied the see in the
and of the pope to him, are extant in Labbe's Con- latter half of the tenth century. (Nicephorus, S.
cilia, vol. iv. col. 1533-4-7, 1545–6, 1554-5; and Andreae Vita, with the Commentarius Praevius of
in the Concilia of Binius, vol. ii. pp. 360-61-64-Janninghus, in the Acta Sanctorum Mai, vol. vi.
65-68 (edit. 1606); in the latter they are given ad fin. ; Fabricius, Bill. Graec. vol. viii. p. 257;
only in Latin. A decree of Epiphanius, and of a Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. i. p. 505, ed. Oxford, 1740–
council in which he presided (apparently the coun- 43. )
cil of Constantinople in A. D. 520, during the con- 7. HAGIOPOLITA, or of JERUSALEM. See be-
tinuance of which he was elected to the patriarchate), low, No. 8.
condemning and anathematizing for heresy Severus, 8. Described as a MONK and PRESBYTER. Al-
patriarch of Antioch, Petrus or Peter, bishop of latius (de Symeonum Scriptis, p. 106) gives an
A pamea, and Zoaras, was read at a subsequent account of and extract from a life of the Virgin by
council of Constantinople, 4. p. 536, under Menas this Epiphanius, which extract is also given by
or Mennas, successor of Anthimins, and appears in Fabricius, in his Codex Apocryph. N. T. The en-
Labbe's Concilia, vol. v. col. 251, seq. Some laws tire work has since been published in the Anecdota
and constitutions of Justinian
are addressed to Epi- Literaria of Amadutius (vol
. ii. p. 39, &c. ) with
phanius. (Justin. Cod. 1. tit. 3. & 42 ; de Episcopis a Latin version and introduction. When he lived
et Cleris ; Novellae, 3, 5. )
is not known: it is conjectured that it was in the
In the library of the king of Bavaria at Munich twelfth century, as he mentions Joannes of Thes-
is a Greek MS. described (Hardt. Catalogus MSS. salonica and Andreas of Crete (who lived near the
Graec. &c. Cod. cclvi. ) as containing, among other end of the seventh century) among " the fathers,"
things, a treatise by Epiphanius, patriarch of Con- and is himself quoted by Nicephorus Callisti
stantinople, on the separation of the Latin and (Eccles. Hist, ü. 23) in the earlier half of the four-
Greek churches; and a MS. in the Bodleian Li- teenth century. He wrote also a History of the
brary, Barocc. cxiv. (Catal. MStorum. Angliae Life and acts of St. Andrew the Apostle (Allatius,
et Hiberniae, Oxon. 1697) contains, with other de Symeon. p. 90); and he is probably the author
things, a work by Epiphanius the patriarch On the of an account of Jerusalem and of parts of Syria
excommunication of the Latins by the Greeks on ao (by “ Epiphanius Hagiopolita,” ie. inhabitant of
count of the Controversy cor. cerning the Procession the Holy City), which he describes as an eye-wit-
of the Holy Spirit. Allatius also (ado. Creyghtonum) ness. This account was published, with a Latin
cites Epiphanius Patriarcha, de Origine dissidii version, by Fed. Morellus, in his Expositio Thema
inter Graecos et Latinos, probably the same work tum, Paris, 1620, and again by Allatius, in his
as that in the Bavarian Ms. But the subjects of Lútjukra. It may be observed, that Morellus
these treatises shew they were of later date than published two editions of the Expositio Thematum
our patriarch, nor have we the means of determin- in the above year, one without the Greek text of
ing their authorship. An Arabic MS. in the King's Epiphanius, and one with it. A MS. in the Bode
Library at Paris (Catal. MStorum. Bibl. Regiae, leian Library (Barocc. cxlii. No. 20) is described
vol. i. p. 114, Codex cxvi11. ) contains what is de as containing “ Epiphanii Monachi et Presbyteri
Bcribed as Canonum Epitome nec accurata nec anti- Character B. Virginis et Domini Nostri” (a dif-
qua, ascribed to Epiphanius.
ferent work from that mentioned above); and
The account of Epiphanius by Evagrius con- "ejusdem, ut videtur, de Dissilione Quatuor Erange-
tains two errors. He makes him the successor of listarum circa Resurrectionem Christi. " (Catal. MSS.
Anthimius instead of the predecessor; and to have Angl. et Hibern. Oxford, 1697. ) Some bave con.
been succeeded by Menas or Mennas, who was founded him with Epiphanius the friend and disci
the successor, not of Epiphanius, but of Anthimius. ple of St. Andreas the fool, noticed above, No. 6.
(Labbe and Binius, l. C. ; Theopbanes, Chronogra- (Oudin, Comment. de Scriptor. et Scriptis Eccles.
phia, ad annos citat. ; Evagrius, Hist. Eccles. iv. I vol. ï. pp. 455–6. )
## p. 40 (#56) ##############################################
40
EPIPHANIUS.
EPIPHANIUS.
:
9. Called erroneously The PATRIARCH, author | Commentary of Didymus on the Canonical Epistles
of some works on the schism of the Eastern and is said (DIDYMUS, No. 4) to be that given in the
Western churches. See above, No. 5.
Bibliotheca Patrum ; but that on the Proverlos has
10. Of Petra, son of Ulpianus, was a sophist not, we believe, been printed ; the versions of
or rhetorician of considerable reputation. He Epiphanius, Josephus, and Clement of Alexandria,
taught rhetoric at Petra and at Athens. He lived have been printed. That of Epiphanius on Solomon's
also at Laodiceia in Syria, where he was very inti- Song was first published by Foggini, at Rome, in
mate with the two Apollinarii, father and son, of 1750, with a preface and notes. (Cassiodorus,
whom the latter afterwards became the founder of Praef. in Histor. Tripart. , De Institutione Divinar.
the sect of the Apollinaristae. The Apollinarii were Literar. cc. 5, 8, 11, 17, with the notes of Gare-
excommunicated by the bishop of Laodiceia on ac- tius; Sixtus Senensis, Bibliotheca Sancta, lib. iv. ;
count of their intimacy with Epiphanius, who, it was Fabric. Biblioth. Med. et Inf. Latinitatis, vol. ii.
feared would convert them to the religion of the p. 101, ed. Mansi, Billioth. Graec. vol. vii. p. 425,
Greeks ; from which it appears that Epiphanius was a vol. riii. p. 257, vol. xii. p. 299 ; Cave, Ceillier,
heathen. While he was at Athens, Libanius, then a and Foggini, Il. cc. ).
young man, came thither, but did not apply for Beside the foregoing, there are many persons of
instruction to Epiphanius, then in the height of the name of Epipbanius of whom little or nothing
his reputation, though they were both from Syria; is known but their names. The ecclesiastics of the
neither is this Epiphanius the person to whom name, who appear in the records of the ancient
Libanius wrote. (Libanius, Epist. 831. ) Epipha- councils, may be traced by the Index in Labbe's
nius did not live to be very old; and both he and Concilia, vol. xvi.
(J. C. M. ]
his wife, who was eminent for her beauty, died of EPIPHA'NIUS ('Eradávnos), bishop of Con-
the same disease, an affection of the blood. He STANTIA and metropolitan of Cyprus, was born at
wrote many works, which are enumerated by Sui- Bezanduca, a small town in Palestine, in the
das. They are as follows: 1. Tepl kuivwvías district of Eleutheropolis, in the first part of
kal sapopas Tev otáoewv. 2. Ipoyuuvdouata. the fourth century. (Sozomen. vi. 32. ) His pa-
3. Μελέται. 4. Δήμαρχοι. 5. Πολεμαρχικός. | rents were Jews. He went to Egypt when
6. Abyou 'EMIDEIKTIKOL ; and, 7. Miscellanies. young, and there appears to have been tainted
Socrates mentions a hymn to Bacchus, recited by with Gnostic errors, but afterwards fell into the
him, attendance on which recitation was the imme- hands of some monks, and by them was made a
diate occasion of the excommunication of the Apol- strong advocate for the monastic life, and strongly
linarii. (Socrates, Hist. Eccl. ii. 46; Sozomen, imbued with their own narrow spirit. He rem
Hist. Eccl. v. 25; Eunapius, Sophist. Vitae (Epi- turned to Palestine, and lived there for some
phanius and Libanius); Eudocia, 'Iwvid, in the time as a monk, having founded a monastery near
Anecdota Graeca of Villoison, vol. i. ; Suidas, s. v. his native place. In A. D. 367 he was chosen
'En pávios; the passages in Suidas and Eudocia bishop of Constantia, the metropolis of the Isle of
are the same. )
Cyprus, formerly called Salamis. His writings
ll. Described as SCHOLASTICUS. Sixtus of shew him to have been a man of great reading ;
Sena calls him a Greek, but Ceillier (Auteurs Sacrés, for he was acquainted with Hebrew, Syriac,
vol. xvi. ) and Cave (Hist. Lit. vol. i. p. 405) call Egyptian, Greek, and Latin, and was therefore
him an Italian. He lived about the beginning of called hevtáy. wooos. But he was entirely with-
the sixth century. He was the friend of Cassiodorus out critical or logical power, of real piety, but also
(CASSIODORUS), at whose request he translated of a very bigoted and dogmatical turn of mind,
from Greek into Latin the Coinmentary of Didymus unable to distinguish the essential from the non-
on the Proverbs and on Seven of the Canonical essential in doctrinal differences, and always ready
Epistles (Didymus, No. 4. ], the Erposition of to suppose that some dangerous heresy lurked in
Solomon's Song, said by Cassiodorus to be by Epi- any statement of belief which varied a little from
phanius of Constantia or Salamis. Garetius thinks the ordinary form of expression. It was natural
this exposition was probably written by Philo of that to such a man Origen, whom he could not
Carpasus or Carpathus; but Foggini vindicates the understand, should appear a dangerous teacher of
title of Epiphanius to the authorship. Whether error; and accordingly in his work on heresies he
Epiphanius Scholasticus was concerned in the thinks it necessary to give an essential warning
translation of the Jewish Antiquities of Josephus, against him. A report that Origen's opinions
and of the Notes on some of the Catholic Epistles, were spreading in Palestine, and sanctioned even
from the writings of Clement of Alexandria, which by John, bishop of Jerusalem, excited Epipha-
Cassiodorus procured to be made, can only be con- nius to such a pitch, that he left Cyprus to inves-
jectured, as Cassiodorus does not name the trans- tigate the matter on the spot. At Jerusalem he
lators. Sixtus of Sena ascribes to Epiphanius preached so violent a sermon against any abettors
Scholasticus a Catena (or compilation of com- of Origen's errors, and made such evident allusions
ments) on the Psalms, from the Greek Fathers ; to the bishop, that John sent his Archdeacon to
but we know not on what authority. But his beg him to stop. Afterwards, when John preached
principal work was translating and combining into against anthropomorphism (of a tendency to which
one the Ecclesiastical Histories of Sozomen, Socrates, Epiphanius had been suspected) he was followed
and Theodoret. The Historia Tripartita of Cassio- up to the pulpit by his undaunted antagonist, who
dorus was digested from this combined version. announced that he agreed in John's censure of
He also translated, by desire of Cassiodorus, the Anthropomorphites, but that it was equally neces-
Coder Encyclius, á collection of letters, chiefly sary to condemn Origenists. Having excited sul-
synodal, in defence of the council of Chalcedon, ficient commotion at Jerusalem, Epiphanius re-
which collection has been reprinted in the Concilia paired to Bethlehem, where he was all-powerful
of Binius, Labbe, Coletus, and Harduin, but most with the monks ; and there he was so successful
correctly by the last two. The version of the in his denunciation of heresy, that he persuaded
## p. 41 (#57) ##############################################
EPIPHANIUS.
Didymus on the Canonical Epada
Us, No. 4] to be that given in the
um; but that on the Proverts has
been printed; the versions d
phus, and Clement of Alerandra,
1. That of Epiphanius on Sdomen's
ablished by Foggini
, at Rome, in
eface and notes. (Cascioderus,
Tripart. , De Institutione Desser.
11, 17, with the notes of Gars
insis, Bibliotheca Sancta, lib. ir. ;
Mled. et Inf. Latinitatis, vel i.
Biblioth. Graec. vol vi. p. 42s,
ol. xii. p. 299 ; Care, Ceilier,
>
ing, there are many persons of
inius of whom little or nothing
names. The ecelesiastics of the
in the records of the ancient
iced by the Index in Labbe's
[J. C. M. ]
('Etipános), bishop of Cos.
blitan of Cyprus, was born at
town in Palestine, in the
polis, in the first part of
(Sozomen. vi. 32. ) His ps-
He went to Egypt when
ears to have been tainted
ut afterwards fell into the
and by them was made a
monastic life, and strongly
n narrow spirit
. He re-
nd lived there for some
founded a monastery bear
A. D. 367 he was chosen
metropolis of the Ide of
Salamis. His writings
a man of great reading;
with Hebrew, Syria,
atin, and was therefore
ut he was entirely with-
; of real piety, but als
gmatical tum of mind,
essential from the non-
7ces, and always ready
Tous heresy lurked in
ch varied a little from
ion. It was natural
whom he could at
dangerous teacher of
work on heresies be
n essential warning
Origen's opinions
od noctioned eren
, excited Epipha-
1 Cyprus to inves
At Jerusalem be
ainst any abettors
1 evident allusions
as Archdeacon to
en John preached
endency to which
he was follosed
antagonist, sbo
ho's censure of
s equally neces
ing excited sa
Epiphanius re
as all-powerful
Es so successfal
he persuaded
EPISTHENES.
EPOREDORIX.
41
some to renounce their connexion with the bishop | Cunaxa, and is mentioned by Xenophon as an able
of Jerusalem. After this he allowed his zeal to officer. His name occurs again in the march of
get the better of all considerations of church the Greeks through Armenia. (Xen. Anab. i. 10.
order and decency, to such an extent, that he ac- $ 7, iv. 6. § 1. )
(E. E. )
tually ordained Paullinianus to the office of pres- EPI'STROPHUS ('Erlotpopos), three mythi-
byter, that he might perform the ministerial func- cal personages of this name are mentioned in the
tions for the monks (who, as usual at that time, Iliad. (ii. 516, &c. , 692, 856. ) (L. S. )
were laymen), and so prevent them from applying EPITADAS ('Eritádas), son of Molobrus, was
to Jerusalem to supply this want. John naturally the commander of the 426 Lacedaemonians who
protested loudly against this interference with his were blockaded in the island of Sphacteria in the
diocese, and appealed for help to the two patri- | 7th year of the Peloponnesian war, B. c. 425. He
archal sees of Alexandria and Rome. Peace was appears to have executed his difficult task with
not restored to the Church for some time. The prudence and ability, and was spared by death in
next quarrel in which Epiphanius was involved the final combat the disgrace of surrender. (Thuc.
was with Chrysostom. Some monks of Nitria iv. 8, 31, 38. )
[A. H. C. ]
had been expelled by Theophilus, bishop of Alex-
EPITHERSES ('E#10épons), of Nicaen, a gram-
andria, as Origenists, but were received and pro- marian, who wrote on Attic comic and tragic words
tected at Constantinople [CHRYSOSTOMus]. Upon (περι Λέξεων Αττικών και Κωμικών και Τραγικών;
this Theophilus persuaded Epiphanius, now almost Steph. Byz. s. v. Nikaia ; Erotian. s. v. Außnv, p. 88,
in his dotage, to summon a council of Cyprian who gives the name wrongly Dépous). If he be
bishops, which he did A. D. 401. This assembly the same as the father of the rhetorician Aemilianus,
passed a sentence of condemnation on Origen's he must have lived under the Emperor Tiberius.
books, which was made known to Chrysostom (Plut. de Def. Orac. p. 419, b. ) [P. S. ]
by letter; and Epiphanius proceeded in person to EPOCILLUS ('ETÓRIA Nos), a Macedonian, was
Constantinople, to take part in the pending dis- commissioned by Alexander, in B. C. 330, to con-
pute. Chrysostom was irritated by Epiphanius duct as many of the Thessalian cavalry and of the
interfering in the government of his diocese ; and other allied troops as wished to return home, as
the latter, just before his return home, is reputed far as the sea-coast, where Menes was desired to
to have given vent to his bad feeling by the make arrangements for their passage to Euboea.
scandalous malediction, “ I hope that you will In B. C. 378, when Alexander was in winter
not die a bishop! ” upon which Chrysostom quarters at Nautaca, he sent Epocillus with Sopolis
replied," I hope you will never get home! ” and Menidas to bring reinforcements from Mace-
(Sozomen. viii. 15. ) For the credit of that really donia. (Arr. Anab. iii. 19, iv. 18. ) [E. E. ]
great and Christian man, it is to be hoped that EPOʻNA ("Iftwa), from epus (latos), that is,
the story is incorrect; and as both wishes were equus, was regarded as the protectress of horses.
granted, it bears strong marks of a tale invented | Images of her, either statues or paintings, were fre-
after the deaths of the two disputants. Epipha- quently seen in niches of stables. She was said
nius died on board the ship, which was conveying to be the daughter of Fulvius Stellus by a mare.
## p. 39 (#55) ##############################################
EPIPHANIUS.
89
EPIPHANIUS.
chosen to succeed him : he had been the syncellus" | 36; Fabric. Bill. Grace vol. viii. p. 257, xii. pp
or personal attendant (the functions of the syncellus 666, 674. )
are not determined) of his predecessor. The elec 6. Of CONSTANTINOPLE (2). The life of St.
tion of Epiphanius is stated by Theophanes to have Andreas or Andrew, d Zands (the fool), by his
taken place in Feb. a. D. 512 of the Alexandrian contemporary and friend Nicephorus, contains va-
computation, equivalent to A. d. 519 or probably rious particulars of the history and character of
520 of the common era ; the account, transmitted Epiphanius, a young Constantinopolitan, who is
only four days after his ordination, to pope Hor- described as possessed of every desirable endow-
misdas, by the deacon Dioscurus, then at Constan-ment of mind and body, and as having manifested
tinople, as one of the legates of the Roman see, the strongest affection and regard for the saint who
given by Labbe (Concilia, vol. iv. p. 1523), was foretold his eleration to the patriarchate of Con-
received at Rome on the 7th of April, a. D. 520, stantinople. Nicephorus declares that he lived to
which must therefore have been the year of his see this prophecy fulfilled in the elevation of Epi-
election. He occupied the see from a. D. 520 till phanius to that metropolitan dignity, but intimates
his death in A. D. 535. Theophanes places his that he changed his name. The Epiphanius of
death in June, A. D. 529, Alex. comput. = A. D. 536 this narrative has been by Fabricius confounded
of the common era, after a patriarchate of sixteen with the subject of the preceding article; but Jan-
years and three months; but Pagi (Critic. in Baronii ninghus bas shewn that as St. Andrew did not live
Annales ad ann. 535, No. lviii. ) shortens this cal- till late in the ninth century and the earlier part of
culation by a year. Epiphanius was one of the the tenth, the Epiphanius of Nicephorus must have
saints of the Greek calendar, and is mentioned in the lived long after the other. As he changed his
Menologium translated by Sirletus, but not in that name, he cannot be certainly identified with any of
of the emperor Basil. He was succeeded by An- the patriarchs of Constantinople. Janninghus con-
thimus, bishop of Trapezus.
jectures that he is identical with Polyeuctus or
Some Letters of Epiphanius to pope Hormisdas, Antonius III. (Studita), who occupied the see in the
and of the pope to him, are extant in Labbe's Con- latter half of the tenth century. (Nicephorus, S.
cilia, vol. iv. col. 1533-4-7, 1545–6, 1554-5; and Andreae Vita, with the Commentarius Praevius of
in the Concilia of Binius, vol. ii. pp. 360-61-64-Janninghus, in the Acta Sanctorum Mai, vol. vi.
65-68 (edit. 1606); in the latter they are given ad fin. ; Fabricius, Bill. Graec. vol. viii. p. 257;
only in Latin. A decree of Epiphanius, and of a Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. i. p. 505, ed. Oxford, 1740–
council in which he presided (apparently the coun- 43. )
cil of Constantinople in A. D. 520, during the con- 7. HAGIOPOLITA, or of JERUSALEM. See be-
tinuance of which he was elected to the patriarchate), low, No. 8.
condemning and anathematizing for heresy Severus, 8. Described as a MONK and PRESBYTER. Al-
patriarch of Antioch, Petrus or Peter, bishop of latius (de Symeonum Scriptis, p. 106) gives an
A pamea, and Zoaras, was read at a subsequent account of and extract from a life of the Virgin by
council of Constantinople, 4. p. 536, under Menas this Epiphanius, which extract is also given by
or Mennas, successor of Anthimins, and appears in Fabricius, in his Codex Apocryph. N. T. The en-
Labbe's Concilia, vol. v. col. 251, seq. Some laws tire work has since been published in the Anecdota
and constitutions of Justinian
are addressed to Epi- Literaria of Amadutius (vol
. ii. p. 39, &c. ) with
phanius. (Justin. Cod. 1. tit. 3. & 42 ; de Episcopis a Latin version and introduction. When he lived
et Cleris ; Novellae, 3, 5. )
is not known: it is conjectured that it was in the
In the library of the king of Bavaria at Munich twelfth century, as he mentions Joannes of Thes-
is a Greek MS. described (Hardt. Catalogus MSS. salonica and Andreas of Crete (who lived near the
Graec. &c. Cod. cclvi. ) as containing, among other end of the seventh century) among " the fathers,"
things, a treatise by Epiphanius, patriarch of Con- and is himself quoted by Nicephorus Callisti
stantinople, on the separation of the Latin and (Eccles. Hist, ü. 23) in the earlier half of the four-
Greek churches; and a MS. in the Bodleian Li- teenth century. He wrote also a History of the
brary, Barocc. cxiv. (Catal. MStorum. Angliae Life and acts of St. Andrew the Apostle (Allatius,
et Hiberniae, Oxon. 1697) contains, with other de Symeon. p. 90); and he is probably the author
things, a work by Epiphanius the patriarch On the of an account of Jerusalem and of parts of Syria
excommunication of the Latins by the Greeks on ao (by “ Epiphanius Hagiopolita,” ie. inhabitant of
count of the Controversy cor. cerning the Procession the Holy City), which he describes as an eye-wit-
of the Holy Spirit. Allatius also (ado. Creyghtonum) ness. This account was published, with a Latin
cites Epiphanius Patriarcha, de Origine dissidii version, by Fed. Morellus, in his Expositio Thema
inter Graecos et Latinos, probably the same work tum, Paris, 1620, and again by Allatius, in his
as that in the Bavarian Ms. But the subjects of Lútjukra. It may be observed, that Morellus
these treatises shew they were of later date than published two editions of the Expositio Thematum
our patriarch, nor have we the means of determin- in the above year, one without the Greek text of
ing their authorship. An Arabic MS. in the King's Epiphanius, and one with it. A MS. in the Bode
Library at Paris (Catal. MStorum. Bibl. Regiae, leian Library (Barocc. cxlii. No. 20) is described
vol. i. p. 114, Codex cxvi11. ) contains what is de as containing “ Epiphanii Monachi et Presbyteri
Bcribed as Canonum Epitome nec accurata nec anti- Character B. Virginis et Domini Nostri” (a dif-
qua, ascribed to Epiphanius.
ferent work from that mentioned above); and
The account of Epiphanius by Evagrius con- "ejusdem, ut videtur, de Dissilione Quatuor Erange-
tains two errors. He makes him the successor of listarum circa Resurrectionem Christi. " (Catal. MSS.
Anthimius instead of the predecessor; and to have Angl. et Hibern. Oxford, 1697. ) Some bave con.
been succeeded by Menas or Mennas, who was founded him with Epiphanius the friend and disci
the successor, not of Epiphanius, but of Anthimius. ple of St. Andreas the fool, noticed above, No. 6.
(Labbe and Binius, l. C. ; Theopbanes, Chronogra- (Oudin, Comment. de Scriptor. et Scriptis Eccles.
phia, ad annos citat. ; Evagrius, Hist. Eccles. iv. I vol. ï. pp. 455–6. )
## p. 40 (#56) ##############################################
40
EPIPHANIUS.
EPIPHANIUS.
:
9. Called erroneously The PATRIARCH, author | Commentary of Didymus on the Canonical Epistles
of some works on the schism of the Eastern and is said (DIDYMUS, No. 4) to be that given in the
Western churches. See above, No. 5.
Bibliotheca Patrum ; but that on the Proverlos has
10. Of Petra, son of Ulpianus, was a sophist not, we believe, been printed ; the versions of
or rhetorician of considerable reputation. He Epiphanius, Josephus, and Clement of Alexandria,
taught rhetoric at Petra and at Athens. He lived have been printed. That of Epiphanius on Solomon's
also at Laodiceia in Syria, where he was very inti- Song was first published by Foggini, at Rome, in
mate with the two Apollinarii, father and son, of 1750, with a preface and notes. (Cassiodorus,
whom the latter afterwards became the founder of Praef. in Histor. Tripart. , De Institutione Divinar.
the sect of the Apollinaristae. The Apollinarii were Literar. cc. 5, 8, 11, 17, with the notes of Gare-
excommunicated by the bishop of Laodiceia on ac- tius; Sixtus Senensis, Bibliotheca Sancta, lib. iv. ;
count of their intimacy with Epiphanius, who, it was Fabric. Biblioth. Med. et Inf. Latinitatis, vol. ii.
feared would convert them to the religion of the p. 101, ed. Mansi, Billioth. Graec. vol. vii. p. 425,
Greeks ; from which it appears that Epiphanius was a vol. riii. p. 257, vol. xii. p. 299 ; Cave, Ceillier,
heathen. While he was at Athens, Libanius, then a and Foggini, Il. cc. ).
young man, came thither, but did not apply for Beside the foregoing, there are many persons of
instruction to Epiphanius, then in the height of the name of Epipbanius of whom little or nothing
his reputation, though they were both from Syria; is known but their names. The ecclesiastics of the
neither is this Epiphanius the person to whom name, who appear in the records of the ancient
Libanius wrote. (Libanius, Epist. 831. ) Epipha- councils, may be traced by the Index in Labbe's
nius did not live to be very old; and both he and Concilia, vol. xvi.
(J. C. M. ]
his wife, who was eminent for her beauty, died of EPIPHA'NIUS ('Eradávnos), bishop of Con-
the same disease, an affection of the blood. He STANTIA and metropolitan of Cyprus, was born at
wrote many works, which are enumerated by Sui- Bezanduca, a small town in Palestine, in the
das. They are as follows: 1. Tepl kuivwvías district of Eleutheropolis, in the first part of
kal sapopas Tev otáoewv. 2. Ipoyuuvdouata. the fourth century. (Sozomen. vi. 32. ) His pa-
3. Μελέται. 4. Δήμαρχοι. 5. Πολεμαρχικός. | rents were Jews. He went to Egypt when
6. Abyou 'EMIDEIKTIKOL ; and, 7. Miscellanies. young, and there appears to have been tainted
Socrates mentions a hymn to Bacchus, recited by with Gnostic errors, but afterwards fell into the
him, attendance on which recitation was the imme- hands of some monks, and by them was made a
diate occasion of the excommunication of the Apol- strong advocate for the monastic life, and strongly
linarii. (Socrates, Hist. Eccl. ii. 46; Sozomen, imbued with their own narrow spirit. He rem
Hist. Eccl. v. 25; Eunapius, Sophist. Vitae (Epi- turned to Palestine, and lived there for some
phanius and Libanius); Eudocia, 'Iwvid, in the time as a monk, having founded a monastery near
Anecdota Graeca of Villoison, vol. i. ; Suidas, s. v. his native place. In A. D. 367 he was chosen
'En pávios; the passages in Suidas and Eudocia bishop of Constantia, the metropolis of the Isle of
are the same. )
Cyprus, formerly called Salamis. His writings
ll. Described as SCHOLASTICUS. Sixtus of shew him to have been a man of great reading ;
Sena calls him a Greek, but Ceillier (Auteurs Sacrés, for he was acquainted with Hebrew, Syriac,
vol. xvi. ) and Cave (Hist. Lit. vol. i. p. 405) call Egyptian, Greek, and Latin, and was therefore
him an Italian. He lived about the beginning of called hevtáy. wooos. But he was entirely with-
the sixth century. He was the friend of Cassiodorus out critical or logical power, of real piety, but also
(CASSIODORUS), at whose request he translated of a very bigoted and dogmatical turn of mind,
from Greek into Latin the Coinmentary of Didymus unable to distinguish the essential from the non-
on the Proverbs and on Seven of the Canonical essential in doctrinal differences, and always ready
Epistles (Didymus, No. 4. ], the Erposition of to suppose that some dangerous heresy lurked in
Solomon's Song, said by Cassiodorus to be by Epi- any statement of belief which varied a little from
phanius of Constantia or Salamis. Garetius thinks the ordinary form of expression. It was natural
this exposition was probably written by Philo of that to such a man Origen, whom he could not
Carpasus or Carpathus; but Foggini vindicates the understand, should appear a dangerous teacher of
title of Epiphanius to the authorship. Whether error; and accordingly in his work on heresies he
Epiphanius Scholasticus was concerned in the thinks it necessary to give an essential warning
translation of the Jewish Antiquities of Josephus, against him. A report that Origen's opinions
and of the Notes on some of the Catholic Epistles, were spreading in Palestine, and sanctioned even
from the writings of Clement of Alexandria, which by John, bishop of Jerusalem, excited Epipha-
Cassiodorus procured to be made, can only be con- nius to such a pitch, that he left Cyprus to inves-
jectured, as Cassiodorus does not name the trans- tigate the matter on the spot. At Jerusalem he
lators. Sixtus of Sena ascribes to Epiphanius preached so violent a sermon against any abettors
Scholasticus a Catena (or compilation of com- of Origen's errors, and made such evident allusions
ments) on the Psalms, from the Greek Fathers ; to the bishop, that John sent his Archdeacon to
but we know not on what authority. But his beg him to stop. Afterwards, when John preached
principal work was translating and combining into against anthropomorphism (of a tendency to which
one the Ecclesiastical Histories of Sozomen, Socrates, Epiphanius had been suspected) he was followed
and Theodoret. The Historia Tripartita of Cassio- up to the pulpit by his undaunted antagonist, who
dorus was digested from this combined version. announced that he agreed in John's censure of
He also translated, by desire of Cassiodorus, the Anthropomorphites, but that it was equally neces-
Coder Encyclius, á collection of letters, chiefly sary to condemn Origenists. Having excited sul-
synodal, in defence of the council of Chalcedon, ficient commotion at Jerusalem, Epiphanius re-
which collection has been reprinted in the Concilia paired to Bethlehem, where he was all-powerful
of Binius, Labbe, Coletus, and Harduin, but most with the monks ; and there he was so successful
correctly by the last two. The version of the in his denunciation of heresy, that he persuaded
## p. 41 (#57) ##############################################
EPIPHANIUS.
Didymus on the Canonical Epada
Us, No. 4] to be that given in the
um; but that on the Proverts has
been printed; the versions d
phus, and Clement of Alerandra,
1. That of Epiphanius on Sdomen's
ablished by Foggini
, at Rome, in
eface and notes. (Cascioderus,
Tripart. , De Institutione Desser.
11, 17, with the notes of Gars
insis, Bibliotheca Sancta, lib. ir. ;
Mled. et Inf. Latinitatis, vel i.
Biblioth. Graec. vol vi. p. 42s,
ol. xii. p. 299 ; Care, Ceilier,
>
ing, there are many persons of
inius of whom little or nothing
names. The ecelesiastics of the
in the records of the ancient
iced by the Index in Labbe's
[J. C. M. ]
('Etipános), bishop of Cos.
blitan of Cyprus, was born at
town in Palestine, in the
polis, in the first part of
(Sozomen. vi. 32. ) His ps-
He went to Egypt when
ears to have been tainted
ut afterwards fell into the
and by them was made a
monastic life, and strongly
n narrow spirit
. He re-
nd lived there for some
founded a monastery bear
A. D. 367 he was chosen
metropolis of the Ide of
Salamis. His writings
a man of great reading;
with Hebrew, Syria,
atin, and was therefore
ut he was entirely with-
; of real piety, but als
gmatical tum of mind,
essential from the non-
7ces, and always ready
Tous heresy lurked in
ch varied a little from
ion. It was natural
whom he could at
dangerous teacher of
work on heresies be
n essential warning
Origen's opinions
od noctioned eren
, excited Epipha-
1 Cyprus to inves
At Jerusalem be
ainst any abettors
1 evident allusions
as Archdeacon to
en John preached
endency to which
he was follosed
antagonist, sbo
ho's censure of
s equally neces
ing excited sa
Epiphanius re
as all-powerful
Es so successfal
he persuaded
EPISTHENES.
EPOREDORIX.
41
some to renounce their connexion with the bishop | Cunaxa, and is mentioned by Xenophon as an able
of Jerusalem. After this he allowed his zeal to officer. His name occurs again in the march of
get the better of all considerations of church the Greeks through Armenia. (Xen. Anab. i. 10.
order and decency, to such an extent, that he ac- $ 7, iv. 6. § 1. )
(E. E. )
tually ordained Paullinianus to the office of pres- EPI'STROPHUS ('Erlotpopos), three mythi-
byter, that he might perform the ministerial func- cal personages of this name are mentioned in the
tions for the monks (who, as usual at that time, Iliad. (ii. 516, &c. , 692, 856. ) (L. S. )
were laymen), and so prevent them from applying EPITADAS ('Eritádas), son of Molobrus, was
to Jerusalem to supply this want. John naturally the commander of the 426 Lacedaemonians who
protested loudly against this interference with his were blockaded in the island of Sphacteria in the
diocese, and appealed for help to the two patri- | 7th year of the Peloponnesian war, B. c. 425. He
archal sees of Alexandria and Rome. Peace was appears to have executed his difficult task with
not restored to the Church for some time. The prudence and ability, and was spared by death in
next quarrel in which Epiphanius was involved the final combat the disgrace of surrender. (Thuc.
was with Chrysostom. Some monks of Nitria iv. 8, 31, 38. )
[A. H. C. ]
had been expelled by Theophilus, bishop of Alex-
EPITHERSES ('E#10épons), of Nicaen, a gram-
andria, as Origenists, but were received and pro- marian, who wrote on Attic comic and tragic words
tected at Constantinople [CHRYSOSTOMus]. Upon (περι Λέξεων Αττικών και Κωμικών και Τραγικών;
this Theophilus persuaded Epiphanius, now almost Steph. Byz. s. v. Nikaia ; Erotian. s. v. Außnv, p. 88,
in his dotage, to summon a council of Cyprian who gives the name wrongly Dépous). If he be
bishops, which he did A. D. 401. This assembly the same as the father of the rhetorician Aemilianus,
passed a sentence of condemnation on Origen's he must have lived under the Emperor Tiberius.
books, which was made known to Chrysostom (Plut. de Def. Orac. p. 419, b. ) [P. S. ]
by letter; and Epiphanius proceeded in person to EPOCILLUS ('ETÓRIA Nos), a Macedonian, was
Constantinople, to take part in the pending dis- commissioned by Alexander, in B. C. 330, to con-
pute. Chrysostom was irritated by Epiphanius duct as many of the Thessalian cavalry and of the
interfering in the government of his diocese ; and other allied troops as wished to return home, as
the latter, just before his return home, is reputed far as the sea-coast, where Menes was desired to
to have given vent to his bad feeling by the make arrangements for their passage to Euboea.
scandalous malediction, “ I hope that you will In B. C. 378, when Alexander was in winter
not die a bishop! ” upon which Chrysostom quarters at Nautaca, he sent Epocillus with Sopolis
replied," I hope you will never get home! ” and Menidas to bring reinforcements from Mace-
(Sozomen. viii. 15. ) For the credit of that really donia. (Arr. Anab. iii. 19, iv. 18. ) [E. E. ]
great and Christian man, it is to be hoped that EPOʻNA ("Iftwa), from epus (latos), that is,
the story is incorrect; and as both wishes were equus, was regarded as the protectress of horses.
granted, it bears strong marks of a tale invented | Images of her, either statues or paintings, were fre-
after the deaths of the two disputants. Epipha- quently seen in niches of stables. She was said
nius died on board the ship, which was conveying to be the daughter of Fulvius Stellus by a mare.
