213, carried with him is called by
Polyphemus
the cream
316 ; Rehdantz, Vit.
316 ; Rehdantz, Vit.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
601, Necho died after
own expence with both medical and military ap- a reign of sixteen years, and was succeeded by his
paratus. Here they were of great use to the be- son Psammis or Psammuthis (Herod. ii. 158, 159,
siegers, and Nebrus is said to have poisoned the iv. 42 ; Larch. ad Il. cc. ; Diod. i. 33 ; Wess, ad
water used by the town, though, according to loc. ; Strab. i. p. 56, xvii. p. 804; Plin. H. N.
Pausanias (Phoc. c. 37. $ 5), this barbarous expe- vi. 29 ; Joseph. Ant. x. 5, 6; 2 Kings xxiii. 29,
dient was adopted in consequence the recom- &c. , xxiv. 7 ; 2 Chron. xxxv. 20, &c. , xxxvi. 1-4;
mendation of Solon, B. c. 591. (Penny Cyclopaedia, Jerem. xlvi. ; comp. Heeren, African Nations, vol.
art. Nebrus. )
(W. A. G. ] ii. pp. 374, 389, &c. ; Bunsen, Aegyptens Stelle in
NECO, or NECHO (Nekaós, Néxws, Neraus, der Weltgeschichte, vol. iii. p. 141, &c. ) (E. E. )
Νεχαώς, Νεχαώ). 1. Father of Psammetichus, NECTA'NABIS, NECTA'NEBUS, or NEC-
was put to death by Sabacon, the Aethiopian TA'NEBES (Nektávabıs, Nektávebos, Nekta-
usurper of the Egyptian throne (Herod. ii. 152). νέβης).
2. Son of Psammetichus, whom he succeeded on 1. King of Egypt, the first of the three sove-
the throne of Egypt in B. C. 617. His reign was reigns of the Sebennite dynasty, succeeded
marked by considerable energy and enterprise, Nepherites on the throne about B. C. 374, and, in
both in following up the career of conquest towards the following year, successfully resisted the invasion
the north-east, for which his father had opened the of the Persian force under Pharnabazus and Iphi-
way by the capture of Azotus, and also (as con crates, owing partly to the natural advantages of
nected with this) in the formation of a navy, and the country for defence, and partly to the dilatory
the prosecution of maritime discovery. It was and over-cautious conduct of Pharnabazus. Necta-
probably with a view to war at once, and to com- nabis died after a reign of ten years, according to
merce, that he began to dig the canal intended to Eusebius, and was succeeded by Tachos. (Diod. xv.
connect the Nile with the Arabian Gulf. He 41-43 ; Nep. Iph. 2 ; comp. Rehdantz, Vit. Ipina
desisted, however, from the work, according to Chabr. Tim. iv. § 3; Bunsen, Aegyptens Stelle in
Herodctus, on being warned by an oracle, that he der Weltgesch. vol iii. Urkundenbuch, pp. 40, 41. )
Paos ini.
Perizon.
316; RE
Artaxers
BC 359
but the
utterly i
mainly
service,
Sparta.
Egypt e
terolt, i
reductio
himself
crush th
proceed
therefor
that the
nicians
MENTO
mercena
and, af
panied
had ma
but aci
fidence
campais
communu
his for
caused
tained
he ado
himself
a strug
enemy
fled w
Aethio
(op. A
been
treated
doniam
ander
## p. 1149 (#1165) ##########################################
SECTANABIS.
1119
NECTANABIS.
NECTARIUS.
ng it only for the use of the best
Bet the greatest and most interes
with which his name is so I
aim of Afria by the parents
and acting under bis dintors, who
De Arabian G. Iand accessing
moewhat more than two Fan
editerranean, and retaned us in
Straits of Gibatar. His it
ere distinguished at first by bank
was foiewed, bowever, by the ex
al rererres. On his march 1928
ans and Medes, whose jaat first
čestroyed Ninered, be vw &
the tribe of Manasset, ty
2, wbo was a rassa! of Babrun
. h
ich ensued, Josah a detailed and
aded, and Necho ad raced to *
here be conquered the Baby kenzo
chemish or Circes in, where her
e estab. ished a garrisoul Heneca
after the battle at Meriddo, be k
Cadytis, which, therefore
, it be
can hardly be ideftifed ita la
ding to the usual opinion
, since
set of the line of his propres se
e Casual Huxna, roli sille!
ection ranisbes if we saduoc bure
be one of his generals escuela
Etle with Josiah, or afterwards or is
TL
Jour phant return bapeward fra the
wben we know that be deposed do
placed Eliakim (Jebozakia) sa te
dah, as the tributart ressalo Time
In the fourth rear of the reaza di
RC 606, Nebecbadresuar utada
, defeated Necho, who had muret
jeet him, and, adrareing og 21
ed success, reduced to subject a 2*
[ween the river of Egtx" zod tre
He would appear also to bave iran
£ From this period certain's lector
art to recover what he had loss
reparation for war with Babylon (30
ind rear of Jehoiachim)
, thic Fai soll
in fear. In B C 601, Neko died be
inteen years, and was succended by to
uis or Psammuthis (Herod. i så liten
uch, sá ll. x. ; Diod, i 23 ; Teste ai
do į pe 56, rri a 804 ; Piz . . ! !
A
seph. Ant. I. 5, 6; : King na
7; Chron. III". 20, &c, imm. ;
2. Appears to have been the nephew of Tachos, Olympias by magic arts. But this descrves men-
who, in his expedition to Phoenicia, in B. C. 301, tion only as a specimen of those wild Jegends, by
left his brother behind as governor of Egypt, and which Oriental vanity strove to reconcile itself to a
placed Nectanabis, who accompanied him, in the foreign yoke by identifying the blood of its con-
command of his Egyptian forces, and sent him to queror with its own (Diod. xvi. 40, 41, 42, 44,
lay siege to the cities in Syria. Taking advantage 46–51 ; comp. Isaiah xix. 11, &c. ; Vitringa, ud
of the power thus entrusted to him, and aided by loc. ; Thirlwalls Greece, vol. vi. p. 142 ; Wesk.
his father, who had raised a rebellion at home, ad Diod. xvi. 51). The date usually assigned to
Nectanabis persuaded his troops to renounce their the conquest of Egypt by Ochus is B. c. 350 ; but
allegiance to Tachos, and revolied. Being acknow- see Thirlwall's Greece, vol. vi. p. 142, note 2.
ledged by the Egyptian people also as king, Nectanabis was the third king of the Sebennite
he made overtures and large promises to Agesilaus dynasty, and the last native sovereign who ever
and Chabrias, both of whom were engaged with ruled in Egypt (comp. Ezek. xxix. 14, 15, xxx.
Greek mercenaries in the service of Tachos. Cha- | 13). We read in Diogenes Laërtius (viii. 87 ;
brias refused to transfer his assistance to him, but comp. Menag. ad loc. ) that he received at his court,
he was more fortunate with Agesilaus, and Tachos, and recommended to the priests the astronomer
finding himself thus deserted, Aed for refuge to Eudoxus, who came to him with a recommendation
Artaxerxes II. , and, notwithstanding the confused from Agesilaus. Pliny (H. N. xxxvi. 9. ) speaks
statement of Diodorus to the contrary, seems to of an obelisk which had been made by order of
bave made no further attempt to recover the crown. Nectanabis, and was set up at Alexandria by
It was, however, disputed with Nectanabis by a Ptolemy Philadelphus ; but it does not appear to
certain Mendesian, who for some time met with which of the two persons above-mentioned he is
considerable success, but was ultimately defeated alluding.
(E. E. )
by the skill of Agesilaus, and the Spartan king NECTAR (Néktap), was, according to the early
left Egypt with rich presents from Nectanabis, poets, the wine or drink of the gods, which was
whom he had thus firmly established on the throne. poured out to them by Hebe or Ganymede, and the
(Xen. Ages. ; Plut. Ages. 37-40, Apuph. Lac. colour of which is described as red (Hom. N. iv. 3,
Ages. 76—78 ; Diod. xv. 92, 93 ; Wess. ad loc. ; Od. v. 93, 195, &c. ; Ov. Met. a. 161). Like the
Nep. Chabr. 2, 3, Ages. 8 ; Ath. xiv. p. 616, d, e; wine of mortals it was mixed with water when it
Paus. ii. 10 ; Polyaen. ii. 1 ; Aelian, V. H. v. 1 ; was drunk, and the wine which Odysseus had
Perizon. ad loc. ; Clinton, F. H. vol. ü. App. pp.
213, carried with him is called by Polyphemus the cream
316 ; Rehdantz, Vit. Iph. Chabr. Tim. v. $ 11. ) of nectar (drop € véktapos, Od. ix. 359). Later
Artaxerxes III. (Ochus), soon after his accession in writers sometimes by nectar understand á fragrant
B. C. 359, made several attempts to recover Egypt; balm which prevents the decomposition of organic
but the generals, whom he sent thither, were bodies, as, in fact, even in Homer (I. xix. 39),
utterly defeated by Nectanabis, through the skill | Thetis prevents the body of Patroclus becoming de-
mainly of two experienced commanders in his composed by anointing it with ambrosia and nectar
service, Diophantus, of Athens, and Lamius, of|(comp. Ov. Met. iv. 250). Some of the ancient
Sparta. The failure of the Persian attacks on poets, moreover, described nectar not as the drink,
Egypt encouraged Phoenicia also and Cyprus to but as the food of the immortals, that is, they made
revolt, and Artaxerxes accordingly (leaving the it the same as ambrosia. (Athen. ii. p. 39 ; Eu-
reduction of Cyprus to IDRIEUS) resolved to put stath. ad Hom. p. 1632. )
(L. S. )
himself at the head of an expedition which should NECTA'RIÙS (Nextáplos), was the successor
crush the Phoenician rebellion, and should then of Gregory of Nazianzus, and the predecessor of
proceed to take vengeance on Nectanabis. It John Chrysostom, as bishop of Constantinople.
therefore became necessary for his own defence His occupancy of the episcopal chair between two
that the Egyptian king should succour the Phoe- such men would have required extraordinary merit
nicians, and we find him accordingly despatching to make him conspicuous. But, in truth, though
MENTOR, the Rhodian, to their aid with 4000 he does not seem to merit the epithet applied to
mercenaries. But Mentor went over to Artaxerxes, him by Gibbon, " the indolent Nectarius," the fact
and, after the subjugation of Phoenicia, accom- of his having been appointed at all is the most
panied him in his invasion of Egypt. Nectanabis remarkable thing in his personal history. When
had made large and active preparations for defence ; Gregory, as has been related [Vol. II. p. 313), re-
but, according to Diodorus, his presumptuous con- signed his office, A. D. 381, it was during the
fidence made him think that he could conduct the meeting of the second oecumenical council at Con-
campaign alone, while his utter unfitness for the stantinople. Nectarius, a senator, and a man of
command of an army (obvious enough indeed in the highest family, was a native of Tarsus. The
his former war with the Mendesian pretender) ecclesiastical historians relate that, at this time, he
caused his ruin. Some of his troops having sus- intended to visit his native place, and previously
tained a defeat from Nicostratus and Aristazanes, waited on Diodorus, the bishop of Tarsus, who was
he adopted in alarm the fatal step of shutting in Constantinople attending the council. Diodorus,
himself up in Memphis. Here he remained without along with the other bishops, was perplexed as to
a struggle, while town after town submitted to the whom they should nominate to the vacant see.
enemy, and at length, despairing of his cause, he Struck by the majestic appearance and the white
fled with the greater part of his treasures into hair of Nectarius, taking for granted that he had
Aethiopia. Another account, viz. that of Lynceus been baptized, Diodorus requested Nectarius to
(ap. Ath. iv. p. 150, b), represents him as having postpone his departure, and recommended him to
been taken prisoner by Artaxerxes, and kindly Flavian, bishop of Antioch, as a fit person to suc-
treated, while a third story brings him to Mace- ceed Gregory. Flavian langhed at the strange
donia, and makes him become the father of Alex- proposal, but, to oblige his friend, put his naine
ander the Great, having won the favours of I last on the list, which he, as well ils the other
lo; comp. Heeren, African Namas
, 389, &c; Bunsen, deportes y
Plachte, vol
. již. p. 141. &c)
1X4 BIS, NECTA NEBUS, & NB
ES (Nectarabis, Nerários
, Nar
of Egypt, the first of the threatenet
the Sebennite drnastr, samt
is on the throne about AG
ing rear, successfullt resisted the
rsian force under Pharzatains and let
ning partly to the natural adraotz
ịp for delence, and rarily to the country
cautious conduct of Phamnataras Natura
d after a reign of ten rears, aut
, and was succeeded or Tachos Doces
Tim. ir. 3; Bunsen. Ang pas
peach rol iï. rizedesbuci
, pa tly the
Vep. In 2; comp. Reidarz 12
## p. 1150 (#1166) ##########################################
1150
NECTARIUS.
NELEUS.
bishops, presented to the emperor. To the aston: the Eastem church-a penitential priest having
ishment of all, Theodosius selected Nectarius, and been appointed, whose office it was to receive the
persisted in his choice, even when it was ascer- confessions of those who had fallen into sin, after
tained that he had not yet been baptized. The baptism, and prescribe acts of penitence previously
bishops at last acceded to the wish of the monarch, to their being admitted to partake of the privileges
who had so stoutly opposed the Arians, while the of the church. The last council (not oecumenical)
people, attracted probably by the gentle manners at which Nectarius presided was held in Constan-
and the venerable appearance of the man, present. tinople in 394, regarding a dispute as to the
ing as he did every way a strong contrast to bishopric of Bostria. Nectarius survived his
Gregory, loudly applauded the choice. Nectarius patron, Theodosius, two years, dying on the 27th
was baptized, and, before he had time to put off of September, 397. He seems to have borne his
the white robes of a neophyte, he was declared honours meekly, and to have acted with great dis-
bishop of Constantinople. Most important matters cretion. In the subtle controversies that agitated
came under the consideration of the council, over the church, we learn that he avoided discussion
which it is probable he was now called to preside. himself, and was guided by the advice of men
He showed his discretion by putting himself under better skilled in the puzzling dialectics of the time.
the tuition of Cyriacus, bishop of Adana ; but we If the conjecture of Tillemont (vol. ix. p. 486) be
can hardly believe that he took any active part in correct, he was married, and had one son. His
the theological questions which were discussed. It brother Arsatius succeeded John Chrysostom as
is doubtful whether the canons that were enacted, patriarch of Constantinople. (Fleury, Hist. Eccles.
under the name of the second oecumenical council, vol. iv. v. cc. 18, 19; Socrat. H. E. v. 8, 13;
were not passed at two different sessions, a second Sozom. II. E. vii. 8, 9, 14, 16, viii. c. 23. ) Nec-
taking place in 382. But this does not matter much, tarius wrote (Cave doubts this) a homily De S.
as they all bear the name of this council. The prin- Theodoro, a martyr, whose festival is held by the
cipal business transacted in the council, theologi- Greek church on the first sabbath of Lent. The
cally considered, related to the confirming and original is said to exist in several libraries, and a
extending of the Nicene Creed, mainly to meet the Latin version was printed, Paris, 1554, with some
opinions of the Macedonians. The creed thus Homilies of Chrysostom. Also his Sententia Sy
enlarged is that used at the mass of the Roman nodalis de Episcopatu Bostrensi, is given in Jure
Catholic church. Other canons regulated discipline, Graec. Roman. lib. iv. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol.
the restriction of the authority of each bishop to ix. p. 309, vol. X. p. 333; Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. i.
his own diocese, and the restoration of penitent p. 277. )
(W. M. G. )
heretics. The most important article of all, how- NEDA (N68a), an Arcadian nymph, from whom
ever, historically considered, was one which was the river Neda and also a town (Steph. Byz. s. r. )
conceded not more to the natural propriety of the derived their name. She was believed, conjointly
arrangement, than to the personal favour which the with Theisoa and Hagno, to have nursed the infaut
emperor bore to Nectarius. It was decreed, that Zeus (Callim. Hymn. in Jov. 38 ; Paus, viii. 38. $
as Constantinople was Nero Rome, the bishop 3). În a Messenian tradition Neda and Ithonie
sliould be next in dignity to the bishop of Rome, were called nurses of Zeus (Paus. iv. 33. § 2).
and hold the first place among the Eastern pre She was represented at Athens in the temple of
lates. This, which was at first a mere mark of Athena (Paus. viii. 47. § 2. ) (L. S. ]
dignity, becaine a source of substantial power, em- NEDU'SIA (Nedovola), a surname of Athena
broiled Constantinople with Rome, and was preg: under which she had a sanctuary on the river
nant with all those circumstances that have marked Nedon (from which she derived the name), and
this important schism. Nectarius was the first another at Poieessa in the island of Cos. The
who held the dignity of ex officio head of the latter was said to have been founded by Nestor on
Eastern bishops, as patriarch of Constantinople. his return from Troy, and to have derived its name
These canons were signed on the 9th of July, 381. from Nedon, a place in Laconia. (Strab. viii. p.
The zeal of Theodosius in the extirpation of 360, x. p. 487 ; Steph. Byz. s. v. Nédw. ) (LS. )
Arianism led to the summoning of a council (not NEIS (Nnis), a daughter of Zethus, or of Am-
oecumenical) at Constantinople, in July, 383. phion by Niobe, from whom the Neitian gate at
There assembled the chiefs of all the sects. By Thebes was believed to have derived its name (Schol.
the advice of Sisinnius, afterwards a Novatian ad Eurip. Phoen. 1104). According to Pausanias
bishop, given through Nectarius, the emperor en-Neis was a son of Zethus (ix. 8. § 3). (L. S. )
snared his opponents into an approval of the writ- NELEIDES, NELEIADES, and NELEIUS
ings of the early fathers. He then required of (Nnelons, Nnaniádns, Nnańños), patronymics of
each sect a confession of its faith, which, having Neleus, by which either Nestor, the son of Neleus,
read and considered, he condemned them all, and or Antilochus, bis grandson, is designated. (Hom.
followed up this condemnation by the most strin- n. viii. 100, xi. 617, 1. 87, xxiii. 514 ; 0v. Met.
gent laws, for the purpose of entirely rooting thein xii. 553 ; Herod. v. 65. )
(L. S. ]
out. As might have been expected, Nectarius was NELEUS (Nnaeus), a son of Cretheus and
obnoxious to the Arians, and we find that in 388, Tyro, the daughter of Salmoneus. Tyro, pı :vious
while the emperor Theodosius was absent in Italy, to her marriage with Neleus, is said to have
opposing Maximus, a rumour that had arisen of loved the river-god Enipeus ; and in the form of
the defeat and death of the prince having excited Enipeus Poseidon once appeared to her, and be-
their hopes, a riot ensued, in the course of which came by her the father of Pelias and Neleus (Hom.
own expence with both medical and military ap- a reign of sixteen years, and was succeeded by his
paratus. Here they were of great use to the be- son Psammis or Psammuthis (Herod. ii. 158, 159,
siegers, and Nebrus is said to have poisoned the iv. 42 ; Larch. ad Il. cc. ; Diod. i. 33 ; Wess, ad
water used by the town, though, according to loc. ; Strab. i. p. 56, xvii. p. 804; Plin. H. N.
Pausanias (Phoc. c. 37. $ 5), this barbarous expe- vi. 29 ; Joseph. Ant. x. 5, 6; 2 Kings xxiii. 29,
dient was adopted in consequence the recom- &c. , xxiv. 7 ; 2 Chron. xxxv. 20, &c. , xxxvi. 1-4;
mendation of Solon, B. c. 591. (Penny Cyclopaedia, Jerem. xlvi. ; comp. Heeren, African Nations, vol.
art. Nebrus. )
(W. A. G. ] ii. pp. 374, 389, &c. ; Bunsen, Aegyptens Stelle in
NECO, or NECHO (Nekaós, Néxws, Neraus, der Weltgeschichte, vol. iii. p. 141, &c. ) (E. E. )
Νεχαώς, Νεχαώ). 1. Father of Psammetichus, NECTA'NABIS, NECTA'NEBUS, or NEC-
was put to death by Sabacon, the Aethiopian TA'NEBES (Nektávabıs, Nektávebos, Nekta-
usurper of the Egyptian throne (Herod. ii. 152). νέβης).
2. Son of Psammetichus, whom he succeeded on 1. King of Egypt, the first of the three sove-
the throne of Egypt in B. C. 617. His reign was reigns of the Sebennite dynasty, succeeded
marked by considerable energy and enterprise, Nepherites on the throne about B. C. 374, and, in
both in following up the career of conquest towards the following year, successfully resisted the invasion
the north-east, for which his father had opened the of the Persian force under Pharnabazus and Iphi-
way by the capture of Azotus, and also (as con crates, owing partly to the natural advantages of
nected with this) in the formation of a navy, and the country for defence, and partly to the dilatory
the prosecution of maritime discovery. It was and over-cautious conduct of Pharnabazus. Necta-
probably with a view to war at once, and to com- nabis died after a reign of ten years, according to
merce, that he began to dig the canal intended to Eusebius, and was succeeded by Tachos. (Diod. xv.
connect the Nile with the Arabian Gulf. He 41-43 ; Nep. Iph. 2 ; comp. Rehdantz, Vit. Ipina
desisted, however, from the work, according to Chabr. Tim. iv. § 3; Bunsen, Aegyptens Stelle in
Herodctus, on being warned by an oracle, that he der Weltgesch. vol iii. Urkundenbuch, pp. 40, 41. )
Paos ini.
Perizon.
316; RE
Artaxers
BC 359
but the
utterly i
mainly
service,
Sparta.
Egypt e
terolt, i
reductio
himself
crush th
proceed
therefor
that the
nicians
MENTO
mercena
and, af
panied
had ma
but aci
fidence
campais
communu
his for
caused
tained
he ado
himself
a strug
enemy
fled w
Aethio
(op. A
been
treated
doniam
ander
## p. 1149 (#1165) ##########################################
SECTANABIS.
1119
NECTANABIS.
NECTARIUS.
ng it only for the use of the best
Bet the greatest and most interes
with which his name is so I
aim of Afria by the parents
and acting under bis dintors, who
De Arabian G. Iand accessing
moewhat more than two Fan
editerranean, and retaned us in
Straits of Gibatar. His it
ere distinguished at first by bank
was foiewed, bowever, by the ex
al rererres. On his march 1928
ans and Medes, whose jaat first
čestroyed Ninered, be vw &
the tribe of Manasset, ty
2, wbo was a rassa! of Babrun
. h
ich ensued, Josah a detailed and
aded, and Necho ad raced to *
here be conquered the Baby kenzo
chemish or Circes in, where her
e estab. ished a garrisoul Heneca
after the battle at Meriddo, be k
Cadytis, which, therefore
, it be
can hardly be ideftifed ita la
ding to the usual opinion
, since
set of the line of his propres se
e Casual Huxna, roli sille!
ection ranisbes if we saduoc bure
be one of his generals escuela
Etle with Josiah, or afterwards or is
TL
Jour phant return bapeward fra the
wben we know that be deposed do
placed Eliakim (Jebozakia) sa te
dah, as the tributart ressalo Time
In the fourth rear of the reaza di
RC 606, Nebecbadresuar utada
, defeated Necho, who had muret
jeet him, and, adrareing og 21
ed success, reduced to subject a 2*
[ween the river of Egtx" zod tre
He would appear also to bave iran
£ From this period certain's lector
art to recover what he had loss
reparation for war with Babylon (30
ind rear of Jehoiachim)
, thic Fai soll
in fear. In B C 601, Neko died be
inteen years, and was succended by to
uis or Psammuthis (Herod. i så liten
uch, sá ll. x. ; Diod, i 23 ; Teste ai
do į pe 56, rri a 804 ; Piz . . ! !
A
seph. Ant. I. 5, 6; : King na
7; Chron. III". 20, &c, imm. ;
2. Appears to have been the nephew of Tachos, Olympias by magic arts. But this descrves men-
who, in his expedition to Phoenicia, in B. C. 301, tion only as a specimen of those wild Jegends, by
left his brother behind as governor of Egypt, and which Oriental vanity strove to reconcile itself to a
placed Nectanabis, who accompanied him, in the foreign yoke by identifying the blood of its con-
command of his Egyptian forces, and sent him to queror with its own (Diod. xvi. 40, 41, 42, 44,
lay siege to the cities in Syria. Taking advantage 46–51 ; comp. Isaiah xix. 11, &c. ; Vitringa, ud
of the power thus entrusted to him, and aided by loc. ; Thirlwalls Greece, vol. vi. p. 142 ; Wesk.
his father, who had raised a rebellion at home, ad Diod. xvi. 51). The date usually assigned to
Nectanabis persuaded his troops to renounce their the conquest of Egypt by Ochus is B. c. 350 ; but
allegiance to Tachos, and revolied. Being acknow- see Thirlwall's Greece, vol. vi. p. 142, note 2.
ledged by the Egyptian people also as king, Nectanabis was the third king of the Sebennite
he made overtures and large promises to Agesilaus dynasty, and the last native sovereign who ever
and Chabrias, both of whom were engaged with ruled in Egypt (comp. Ezek. xxix. 14, 15, xxx.
Greek mercenaries in the service of Tachos. Cha- | 13). We read in Diogenes Laërtius (viii. 87 ;
brias refused to transfer his assistance to him, but comp. Menag. ad loc. ) that he received at his court,
he was more fortunate with Agesilaus, and Tachos, and recommended to the priests the astronomer
finding himself thus deserted, Aed for refuge to Eudoxus, who came to him with a recommendation
Artaxerxes II. , and, notwithstanding the confused from Agesilaus. Pliny (H. N. xxxvi. 9. ) speaks
statement of Diodorus to the contrary, seems to of an obelisk which had been made by order of
bave made no further attempt to recover the crown. Nectanabis, and was set up at Alexandria by
It was, however, disputed with Nectanabis by a Ptolemy Philadelphus ; but it does not appear to
certain Mendesian, who for some time met with which of the two persons above-mentioned he is
considerable success, but was ultimately defeated alluding.
(E. E. )
by the skill of Agesilaus, and the Spartan king NECTAR (Néktap), was, according to the early
left Egypt with rich presents from Nectanabis, poets, the wine or drink of the gods, which was
whom he had thus firmly established on the throne. poured out to them by Hebe or Ganymede, and the
(Xen. Ages. ; Plut. Ages. 37-40, Apuph. Lac. colour of which is described as red (Hom. N. iv. 3,
Ages. 76—78 ; Diod. xv. 92, 93 ; Wess. ad loc. ; Od. v. 93, 195, &c. ; Ov. Met. a. 161). Like the
Nep. Chabr. 2, 3, Ages. 8 ; Ath. xiv. p. 616, d, e; wine of mortals it was mixed with water when it
Paus. ii. 10 ; Polyaen. ii. 1 ; Aelian, V. H. v. 1 ; was drunk, and the wine which Odysseus had
Perizon. ad loc. ; Clinton, F. H. vol. ü. App. pp.
213, carried with him is called by Polyphemus the cream
316 ; Rehdantz, Vit. Iph. Chabr. Tim. v. $ 11. ) of nectar (drop € véktapos, Od. ix. 359). Later
Artaxerxes III. (Ochus), soon after his accession in writers sometimes by nectar understand á fragrant
B. C. 359, made several attempts to recover Egypt; balm which prevents the decomposition of organic
but the generals, whom he sent thither, were bodies, as, in fact, even in Homer (I. xix. 39),
utterly defeated by Nectanabis, through the skill | Thetis prevents the body of Patroclus becoming de-
mainly of two experienced commanders in his composed by anointing it with ambrosia and nectar
service, Diophantus, of Athens, and Lamius, of|(comp. Ov. Met. iv. 250). Some of the ancient
Sparta. The failure of the Persian attacks on poets, moreover, described nectar not as the drink,
Egypt encouraged Phoenicia also and Cyprus to but as the food of the immortals, that is, they made
revolt, and Artaxerxes accordingly (leaving the it the same as ambrosia. (Athen. ii. p. 39 ; Eu-
reduction of Cyprus to IDRIEUS) resolved to put stath. ad Hom. p. 1632. )
(L. S. )
himself at the head of an expedition which should NECTA'RIÙS (Nextáplos), was the successor
crush the Phoenician rebellion, and should then of Gregory of Nazianzus, and the predecessor of
proceed to take vengeance on Nectanabis. It John Chrysostom, as bishop of Constantinople.
therefore became necessary for his own defence His occupancy of the episcopal chair between two
that the Egyptian king should succour the Phoe- such men would have required extraordinary merit
nicians, and we find him accordingly despatching to make him conspicuous. But, in truth, though
MENTOR, the Rhodian, to their aid with 4000 he does not seem to merit the epithet applied to
mercenaries. But Mentor went over to Artaxerxes, him by Gibbon, " the indolent Nectarius," the fact
and, after the subjugation of Phoenicia, accom- of his having been appointed at all is the most
panied him in his invasion of Egypt. Nectanabis remarkable thing in his personal history. When
had made large and active preparations for defence ; Gregory, as has been related [Vol. II. p. 313), re-
but, according to Diodorus, his presumptuous con- signed his office, A. D. 381, it was during the
fidence made him think that he could conduct the meeting of the second oecumenical council at Con-
campaign alone, while his utter unfitness for the stantinople. Nectarius, a senator, and a man of
command of an army (obvious enough indeed in the highest family, was a native of Tarsus. The
his former war with the Mendesian pretender) ecclesiastical historians relate that, at this time, he
caused his ruin. Some of his troops having sus- intended to visit his native place, and previously
tained a defeat from Nicostratus and Aristazanes, waited on Diodorus, the bishop of Tarsus, who was
he adopted in alarm the fatal step of shutting in Constantinople attending the council. Diodorus,
himself up in Memphis. Here he remained without along with the other bishops, was perplexed as to
a struggle, while town after town submitted to the whom they should nominate to the vacant see.
enemy, and at length, despairing of his cause, he Struck by the majestic appearance and the white
fled with the greater part of his treasures into hair of Nectarius, taking for granted that he had
Aethiopia. Another account, viz. that of Lynceus been baptized, Diodorus requested Nectarius to
(ap. Ath. iv. p. 150, b), represents him as having postpone his departure, and recommended him to
been taken prisoner by Artaxerxes, and kindly Flavian, bishop of Antioch, as a fit person to suc-
treated, while a third story brings him to Mace- ceed Gregory. Flavian langhed at the strange
donia, and makes him become the father of Alex- proposal, but, to oblige his friend, put his naine
ander the Great, having won the favours of I last on the list, which he, as well ils the other
lo; comp. Heeren, African Namas
, 389, &c; Bunsen, deportes y
Plachte, vol
. již. p. 141. &c)
1X4 BIS, NECTA NEBUS, & NB
ES (Nectarabis, Nerários
, Nar
of Egypt, the first of the threatenet
the Sebennite drnastr, samt
is on the throne about AG
ing rear, successfullt resisted the
rsian force under Pharzatains and let
ning partly to the natural adraotz
ịp for delence, and rarily to the country
cautious conduct of Phamnataras Natura
d after a reign of ten rears, aut
, and was succeeded or Tachos Doces
Tim. ir. 3; Bunsen. Ang pas
peach rol iï. rizedesbuci
, pa tly the
Vep. In 2; comp. Reidarz 12
## p. 1150 (#1166) ##########################################
1150
NECTARIUS.
NELEUS.
bishops, presented to the emperor. To the aston: the Eastem church-a penitential priest having
ishment of all, Theodosius selected Nectarius, and been appointed, whose office it was to receive the
persisted in his choice, even when it was ascer- confessions of those who had fallen into sin, after
tained that he had not yet been baptized. The baptism, and prescribe acts of penitence previously
bishops at last acceded to the wish of the monarch, to their being admitted to partake of the privileges
who had so stoutly opposed the Arians, while the of the church. The last council (not oecumenical)
people, attracted probably by the gentle manners at which Nectarius presided was held in Constan-
and the venerable appearance of the man, present. tinople in 394, regarding a dispute as to the
ing as he did every way a strong contrast to bishopric of Bostria. Nectarius survived his
Gregory, loudly applauded the choice. Nectarius patron, Theodosius, two years, dying on the 27th
was baptized, and, before he had time to put off of September, 397. He seems to have borne his
the white robes of a neophyte, he was declared honours meekly, and to have acted with great dis-
bishop of Constantinople. Most important matters cretion. In the subtle controversies that agitated
came under the consideration of the council, over the church, we learn that he avoided discussion
which it is probable he was now called to preside. himself, and was guided by the advice of men
He showed his discretion by putting himself under better skilled in the puzzling dialectics of the time.
the tuition of Cyriacus, bishop of Adana ; but we If the conjecture of Tillemont (vol. ix. p. 486) be
can hardly believe that he took any active part in correct, he was married, and had one son. His
the theological questions which were discussed. It brother Arsatius succeeded John Chrysostom as
is doubtful whether the canons that were enacted, patriarch of Constantinople. (Fleury, Hist. Eccles.
under the name of the second oecumenical council, vol. iv. v. cc. 18, 19; Socrat. H. E. v. 8, 13;
were not passed at two different sessions, a second Sozom. II. E. vii. 8, 9, 14, 16, viii. c. 23. ) Nec-
taking place in 382. But this does not matter much, tarius wrote (Cave doubts this) a homily De S.
as they all bear the name of this council. The prin- Theodoro, a martyr, whose festival is held by the
cipal business transacted in the council, theologi- Greek church on the first sabbath of Lent. The
cally considered, related to the confirming and original is said to exist in several libraries, and a
extending of the Nicene Creed, mainly to meet the Latin version was printed, Paris, 1554, with some
opinions of the Macedonians. The creed thus Homilies of Chrysostom. Also his Sententia Sy
enlarged is that used at the mass of the Roman nodalis de Episcopatu Bostrensi, is given in Jure
Catholic church. Other canons regulated discipline, Graec. Roman. lib. iv. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol.
the restriction of the authority of each bishop to ix. p. 309, vol. X. p. 333; Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. i.
his own diocese, and the restoration of penitent p. 277. )
(W. M. G. )
heretics. The most important article of all, how- NEDA (N68a), an Arcadian nymph, from whom
ever, historically considered, was one which was the river Neda and also a town (Steph. Byz. s. r. )
conceded not more to the natural propriety of the derived their name. She was believed, conjointly
arrangement, than to the personal favour which the with Theisoa and Hagno, to have nursed the infaut
emperor bore to Nectarius. It was decreed, that Zeus (Callim. Hymn. in Jov. 38 ; Paus, viii. 38. $
as Constantinople was Nero Rome, the bishop 3). În a Messenian tradition Neda and Ithonie
sliould be next in dignity to the bishop of Rome, were called nurses of Zeus (Paus. iv. 33. § 2).
and hold the first place among the Eastern pre She was represented at Athens in the temple of
lates. This, which was at first a mere mark of Athena (Paus. viii. 47. § 2. ) (L. S. ]
dignity, becaine a source of substantial power, em- NEDU'SIA (Nedovola), a surname of Athena
broiled Constantinople with Rome, and was preg: under which she had a sanctuary on the river
nant with all those circumstances that have marked Nedon (from which she derived the name), and
this important schism. Nectarius was the first another at Poieessa in the island of Cos. The
who held the dignity of ex officio head of the latter was said to have been founded by Nestor on
Eastern bishops, as patriarch of Constantinople. his return from Troy, and to have derived its name
These canons were signed on the 9th of July, 381. from Nedon, a place in Laconia. (Strab. viii. p.
The zeal of Theodosius in the extirpation of 360, x. p. 487 ; Steph. Byz. s. v. Nédw. ) (LS. )
Arianism led to the summoning of a council (not NEIS (Nnis), a daughter of Zethus, or of Am-
oecumenical) at Constantinople, in July, 383. phion by Niobe, from whom the Neitian gate at
There assembled the chiefs of all the sects. By Thebes was believed to have derived its name (Schol.
the advice of Sisinnius, afterwards a Novatian ad Eurip. Phoen. 1104). According to Pausanias
bishop, given through Nectarius, the emperor en-Neis was a son of Zethus (ix. 8. § 3). (L. S. )
snared his opponents into an approval of the writ- NELEIDES, NELEIADES, and NELEIUS
ings of the early fathers. He then required of (Nnelons, Nnaniádns, Nnańños), patronymics of
each sect a confession of its faith, which, having Neleus, by which either Nestor, the son of Neleus,
read and considered, he condemned them all, and or Antilochus, bis grandson, is designated. (Hom.
followed up this condemnation by the most strin- n. viii. 100, xi. 617, 1. 87, xxiii. 514 ; 0v. Met.
gent laws, for the purpose of entirely rooting thein xii. 553 ; Herod. v. 65. )
(L. S. ]
out. As might have been expected, Nectarius was NELEUS (Nnaeus), a son of Cretheus and
obnoxious to the Arians, and we find that in 388, Tyro, the daughter of Salmoneus. Tyro, pı :vious
while the emperor Theodosius was absent in Italy, to her marriage with Neleus, is said to have
opposing Maximus, a rumour that had arisen of loved the river-god Enipeus ; and in the form of
the defeat and death of the prince having excited Enipeus Poseidon once appeared to her, and be-
their hopes, a riot ensued, in the course of which came by her the father of Pelias and Neleus (Hom.
