;ames to be, rather than what it;" Physical and
spiritual
gestation of all1cind.
Hart-Clive-1962-Structure-and-Motif-in-Finnegans-Wake
.
;'\(
-_. wi,h til< trult. """'''',''''' by </'"
"'" ofc<ttoin of tho 1><" ,h<moel " " ,
--
fae! >
P<. . h: burial
l ' u , . . . . . ,
,
? CyduF_
Vim as his 000r<:c. Chiefamong tho:: non? Viconian <:yclc:o which help to mQuld the lines ofFi"",g~1IJ Wod. are the world? ~a of Indian philolophy and the nppost:d gyreo ofYcata' 14 VUio. and Wm"' 'The MenIal Travdler'. ' joya" interut in e. u~m philosophy "e"" to have bun aro~ during his . . . . . . . i~tion with tbe colourful Dublin theosophim, ,,~th whom he mixed
for a time in hll youth. Hi. ! brother Stan;'law wrole thaI thee- tophy wu the only one ofJOYOX" early o:ntbusiums which he
taler coruid~ to be. ll. complete waste of time' but, ahho. . gh Joyce may well have Ugn. :l1ed n01spending his time 10 belter advantage, these de,p~ punuiu provided him with the taw material for a good dn l of rich AUrc in UI,Si't1 and Filwtmu IV"," and had a profound infIuenct on Ihe fonn of the
latter.
J oyce'. literary oources for the bu lk of Ihe Iht(dOphiul
. U. . . . iow in Ul. -. and FUuup1lS Woth Jttm 10 h. "" boen the IUrgKI outpourings of H. P. BI. . . vatsky. While SllOan Gilbert was writing hi. study of Ul. 1""' J oyce 'U~ led 10 him 1ha1 he read in particular Isis U_ii,d, on which Stephen mu. YI KOm- fuDy(U ,80),Joycehadnodoublread1=Oilier. . . vrb-and apccially, puhaps, Tilt Mdabu uuntL--but Isis UlIUI'fuI appears to have been the book he knew ht:! . t. ' An imme~ and bewildering grab-bag of fag-endo of philooophy, wrillen in a
naively thrilling and pugnaciouJ tone wlliclt mwt haw: pIe'. . . ! Joy<<'. insatiable W le for the stridenl and absurd, it is ofcourse hopcl=ly inaccurate and mweading in its pronouncements aboUl the Indian philO$Ophical. sy. tenu. Odd contradictioltl and irre. xmcilah! c points ofview, devdoped throtJgb 1400 Iarge and rambling pages, a. . , all represented,. . manUealations of the
g. . ,at u. . ,O$Ophkal Truth. The aC<:llracy or ultimate vallle of Ihe book were, however, III i,. ,. . ,levanl for Joyce al Ihey are for ! bil SOIdy, and he mighl ""II ha"" JAid ofIsis Ulfvtild,. . he did ofIhe SC. . . . . -ta "'_ : 'I would 1101 pay ovcnnllch attention to
, l'ai< m'=""" . . . . to W. II. Veau,. A 1'"";'" t<V . <<In. , l. <m<kon, 'lr. I7; I ' o t I r J M J I P r m , q I I - "i / I _ S l U t . < : d . G . 1 U y n a . l - << O d o n . ' 9 : . 6 . W . " <>- , 3 .
? S. J"I"'<. IoIJ8rNJw', "I</W. l:md. n, '9~p. '. . . . . , Athmoo, p. ~:JIi.
? H. P. Bb. . . . I>ky. Im~? ? . . . . . . . London,'In. ?
? C"clic Form
th. ,. . , throne. '! , beyond u. ing them for III they a", worth 'I There . . one vital point of. rructu", d. . tinguishing the Vkon_ ian cycl. . fmm aIm""t all the cyclic pattenu which ob,,,. . . ,d Blavauky, for whe",. . . Vico'. throri. . a", oo. . ,d on a tripartite
formula, with a . hort interconnecting link betwttn eycles, nearly ew:ry Indian oystem \lSOS a primarily four_part cycle, with or without a ,hon additional fifth Age. ' Sin"" in some ''''peets a four_part cycle . uits j nyce', purpose, better than dncs a thr""_part, he extend. Vico', fourth age, on the analogy of the Indian cycles, and g;v", it a g",at deal more detailed attention than ;t receives in the &inoZil NUMJtl. He ,till adheres to the g<'neral V;conian prugH. , Birth, Marriage, Death, and RccoM\ituUon_but the ricm", which in Vico is litde IIl<lre than a transitional fiux, . , given aJ; much prominen"" aJ; the other Ag<'s and is even elevated to the supreme moment of the cycle. The new emphasi; ",f1CClJi both Joy""', temperamelll and hi,
perception of the world in which he lived. In the twentieth century the 'ahnihili$a. tion of the etym' (353. ~2) had become a fact in both semel, and j oyce'. environment, al",ady highly fragmented, waJ; made to appear even more on by joyce him_ >elf. Not content with the insecurity of the crumbled Europe in which he had chosen to dwell, he ma. oochistically added to his
insecurity by constant restless movement; not content with the naturally accderaring flux of the English language . . . he round it, he helped it to crumble yel f. . . ter. But whenjoycc d"'troyed i t Wa J ; a l w a Y ' i n o r d e r t o r e b u i l d , f o r t h e p r o c = o f r e c o n s t i t u t i o n r. . . cinated him. He w3. I remarkably uuinte",. red in achieve_ men! 3--cither h. , own penonal and artistic achievemenu, Or the ooci"'"political achievements of Europe- but the flux of the moment never failed to hold h. . attention. In art a. in life it was proce'" rather than result that appealed to him most- how a thing.
;ames to be, rather than what it;" Physical and spiritual gestation of all1cind. ! . delighted him. Nora'. pregnancies, which to her we'" simple human . ;anditions, became fur him ml'"tical evenU worthy oftile de<:pest $cudy. ? He ! pCnt a tbow. and hom. . . ,
? h l l e Y s , p . o~r.
? Ii<< below. p. ~,.
? EJ. l""'n", pp. [g6,:J<i6.
5'
? Cyeii, Form
aC<;Ording to his own reckoning, trying to reproduce the physical procea linguistically in the 'Oxen ofthe Sun' epi! odeof UIy,,"s,' and e","n contrived to make the whole of another book, A Porl,ail, ",fleet in some detail the stag. . of development of the human foetus. ' Thi. inlo,. . . t in the p"""'"" of c",ation is yet more pronounced in FiMllp1U W4k" in which everything, . . , h", frequently be<:n . aid, . . in a constant ,tate of becoming. Joyce oru:e s. aid rather I. . tily to ru. . brother Stanislaw that style w9. . 1 the<mly thing in which he wa. inte"",ted,' but '. tyle' ;' here to k unden tood in the wid. . t possible lensc. For the mature Joyce 'uyle' denoted more than a wayofwnLing; it had become a way of life, or at lea,t . . way of intupteting IW" which, for a man a ! tempcramcnta. lly pallive a ! Joyce, amoun! . 1 10 virtually the urne thing. In Ulyssts his surrogate, Stephen, mUJCd on tho world-book of signa"'r. . which he W9. . 1 'he,. . , to ",ad' (U 33); many yean lu~r the . \:ill with wruch he had intu:pretcd thae ,igpaturt";S wu put to the t. . t inFimugQIU Wok, to write which joyce nceded a thorough analytical grasp ofthe syntax, gram_ m~r, and pro. rody of the unive. . . , fer he had taken on nO kss . . Wk than Ihat of demomuating cosmic 'style' in aclien. & joyce w'" primarily concerned with the dynamic functioning of the unive"', the hum. ea of germination in the muck-heap
a! ler the nadir ofthe cycle had been reathed necwarily beca= the most important moment of all. Though the fourth Age is
somenm. . described in Fill1ilgaru Wok '" a disintcgration- 'O'c'nle, n'we'stle, tr'c'stle, crumhlingl' (,8. 00)- il" nO I. . . frequently interpreted . . . . a vital reorganiaalion of scattered forces, a r. . UI"1"tttion which i< """,tive rather than potential: 'hatch_u-balch can' (6'4. 33) . Barwicke. my>terioualy rise. from the dead in 1. . . . . deparu, and i. tried in ah$entia; Anna
Livia habhl. . in lively faohion in 1. 8; Tristan and heult emhrace in II. . . ; the new generation;' ca",fully nurtured in the cradl. . oflll+joyce ha. < cxtended the wurth Age in each ca. e
by allowing it not only to prepare for, but to lOme alent also , /411#1, p. '4"
,FJIm>. w>,pp. ~.
, S. Joy<><, My H. oI""? 1 /(<4><<, I. _on. '9. s11. p. '3?
5'
? CJclic Form
to rc<. apilulate, in dream-like anticipation, the fint Age of the cycle. ' A. he "'Y', 'The old order changeth and l:uts like the fin " (? \6. IO). Earwkker's ". . "urr~ction in 1. 4 i. identical with
the m()ment of Finnegan'. rUe in I. , and the suh:. equent birth of the new hero; Anna reappear. in 1. 8 in the . ame AIlmaziful pcl"1<lnification :t. 1 in I. . ';; Tristan and heult repeat "ilh more . ucc<:. . the frUJIlrated love-play of 11. 1; the old couple in ~
in III'4 reoorutitute the tableau of page 403.
A l l t h e d i v e l " 1 C c y c l e s f i n d a C < l m m ( l n ~. ulmination i n I l o o k I V ,
who"" single chapter is one of the most inlereoting and ,ucc<:. . _ ful in FjllJltll~1I. ! Wak? . Vito wa. a far<<clng but ratber hard_ headed Christian historian; altb<mgh h~ w"'" $Qmetimcs bizam. there was little of the mY'tic in him and the impuhc which he poIotulated for the"artofa newcyele waSa Divine A<:t requiring little ru. . :UJtSion. }"or the thcoaophists, how. ver, th~ moment of change from one major cycle to tlu: n. ,,{ w"'" filled with a
mY"tical significance which J oyce ""ern, to hav~ mund attrac_ tive. This brief interpolated Age wa. caIlrd. a "'I. ndhi', a twilight period ofjunction and moment ofgreat calm. Rlavatsky s""" it a. the mmt important moment orall in the re. urrection prn<:C! o'--a period of Mlmee and uneatthline$l cOITcsponding
to the stay of the departed $Qnl in the Heaven-Tree Wore reincarnation. She de. criixs a . ymbolic rcpte$entation of the ",ndhi_period in a wall-pAinting depic. ting Ihe ~yclos of the world' :
'There is a certain distance marked between ~ach of the . pherel, pUfJ'O"eiy marked; for, after the accompli. bment of the citdel through varioUJI trarumigratioru, the ! <lnl is allowrd. " time of temporary nirvana, during which ,pac-: of time the atma loses an remembrance of pa'l ! <lIT<>W? . The intermediate . pace il filled with strange beings. '
Book IV accorn. with thil. It i, immedialdy idcntifird. '" a ',3ndhi' by the triple incantation with which it begin. : 'Sand- hya$! Sandhy. . . ! Sandhya. ]' C'. >93. (1) . ' 'Il,e my>! ic. . l 'Dark
, Su 1><10. .
-_. wi,h til< trult. """'''',''''' by </'"
"'" ofc<ttoin of tho 1><" ,h<moel " " ,
--
fae! >
P<. . h: burial
l ' u , . . . . . ,
,
? CyduF_
Vim as his 000r<:c. Chiefamong tho:: non? Viconian <:yclc:o which help to mQuld the lines ofFi"",g~1IJ Wod. are the world? ~a of Indian philolophy and the nppost:d gyreo ofYcata' 14 VUio. and Wm"' 'The MenIal Travdler'. ' joya" interut in e. u~m philosophy "e"" to have bun aro~ during his . . . . . . . i~tion with tbe colourful Dublin theosophim, ,,~th whom he mixed
for a time in hll youth. Hi. ! brother Stan;'law wrole thaI thee- tophy wu the only one ofJOYOX" early o:ntbusiums which he
taler coruid~ to be. ll. complete waste of time' but, ahho. . gh Joyce may well have Ugn. :l1ed n01spending his time 10 belter advantage, these de,p~ punuiu provided him with the taw material for a good dn l of rich AUrc in UI,Si't1 and Filwtmu IV"," and had a profound infIuenct on Ihe fonn of the
latter.
J oyce'. literary oources for the bu lk of Ihe Iht(dOphiul
. U. . . . iow in Ul. -. and FUuup1lS Woth Jttm 10 h. "" boen the IUrgKI outpourings of H. P. BI. . . vatsky. While SllOan Gilbert was writing hi. study of Ul. 1""' J oyce 'U~ led 10 him 1ha1 he read in particular Isis U_ii,d, on which Stephen mu. YI KOm- fuDy(U ,80),Joycehadnodoublread1=Oilier. . . vrb-and apccially, puhaps, Tilt Mdabu uuntL--but Isis UlIUI'fuI appears to have been the book he knew ht:! . t. ' An imme~ and bewildering grab-bag of fag-endo of philooophy, wrillen in a
naively thrilling and pugnaciouJ tone wlliclt mwt haw: pIe'. . . ! Joy<<'. insatiable W le for the stridenl and absurd, it is ofcourse hopcl=ly inaccurate and mweading in its pronouncements aboUl the Indian philO$Ophical. sy. tenu. Odd contradictioltl and irre. xmcilah! c points ofview, devdoped throtJgb 1400 Iarge and rambling pages, a. . , all represented,. . manUealations of the
g. . ,at u. . ,O$Ophkal Truth. The aC<:llracy or ultimate vallle of Ihe book were, however, III i,. ,. . ,levanl for Joyce al Ihey are for ! bil SOIdy, and he mighl ""II ha"" JAid ofIsis Ulfvtild,. . he did ofIhe SC. . . . . -ta "'_ : 'I would 1101 pay ovcnnllch attention to
, l'ai< m'=""" . . . . to W. II. Veau,. A 1'"";'" t<V . <<In. , l. <m<kon, 'lr. I7; I ' o t I r J M J I P r m , q I I - "i / I _ S l U t . < : d . G . 1 U y n a . l - << O d o n . ' 9 : . 6 . W . " <>- , 3 .
? S. J"I"'<. IoIJ8rNJw', "I</W. l:md. n, '9~p. '. . . . . , Athmoo, p. ~:JIi.
? H. P. Bb. . . . I>ky. Im~? ? . . . . . . . London,'In. ?
? C"clic Form
th. ,. . , throne. '! , beyond u. ing them for III they a", worth 'I There . . one vital point of. rructu", d. . tinguishing the Vkon_ ian cycl. . fmm aIm""t all the cyclic pattenu which ob,,,. . . ,d Blavauky, for whe",. . . Vico'. throri. . a", oo. . ,d on a tripartite
formula, with a . hort interconnecting link betwttn eycles, nearly ew:ry Indian oystem \lSOS a primarily four_part cycle, with or without a ,hon additional fifth Age. ' Sin"" in some ''''peets a four_part cycle . uits j nyce', purpose, better than dncs a thr""_part, he extend. Vico', fourth age, on the analogy of the Indian cycles, and g;v", it a g",at deal more detailed attention than ;t receives in the &inoZil NUMJtl. He ,till adheres to the g<'neral V;conian prugH. , Birth, Marriage, Death, and RccoM\ituUon_but the ricm", which in Vico is litde IIl<lre than a transitional fiux, . , given aJ; much prominen"" aJ; the other Ag<'s and is even elevated to the supreme moment of the cycle. The new emphasi; ",f1CClJi both Joy""', temperamelll and hi,
perception of the world in which he lived. In the twentieth century the 'ahnihili$a. tion of the etym' (353. ~2) had become a fact in both semel, and j oyce'. environment, al",ady highly fragmented, waJ; made to appear even more on by joyce him_ >elf. Not content with the insecurity of the crumbled Europe in which he had chosen to dwell, he ma. oochistically added to his
insecurity by constant restless movement; not content with the naturally accderaring flux of the English language . . . he round it, he helped it to crumble yel f. . . ter. But whenjoycc d"'troyed i t Wa J ; a l w a Y ' i n o r d e r t o r e b u i l d , f o r t h e p r o c = o f r e c o n s t i t u t i o n r. . . cinated him. He w3. I remarkably uuinte",. red in achieve_ men! 3--cither h. , own penonal and artistic achievemenu, Or the ooci"'"political achievements of Europe- but the flux of the moment never failed to hold h. . attention. In art a. in life it was proce'" rather than result that appealed to him most- how a thing.
;ames to be, rather than what it;" Physical and spiritual gestation of all1cind. ! . delighted him. Nora'. pregnancies, which to her we'" simple human . ;anditions, became fur him ml'"tical evenU worthy oftile de<:pest $cudy. ? He ! pCnt a tbow. and hom. . . ,
? h l l e Y s , p . o~r.
? Ii<< below. p. ~,.
? EJ. l""'n", pp. [g6,:J<i6.
5'
? Cyeii, Form
aC<;Ording to his own reckoning, trying to reproduce the physical procea linguistically in the 'Oxen ofthe Sun' epi! odeof UIy,,"s,' and e","n contrived to make the whole of another book, A Porl,ail, ",fleet in some detail the stag. . of development of the human foetus. ' Thi. inlo,. . . t in the p"""'"" of c",ation is yet more pronounced in FiMllp1U W4k" in which everything, . . , h", frequently be<:n . aid, . . in a constant ,tate of becoming. Joyce oru:e s. aid rather I. . tily to ru. . brother Stanislaw that style w9. . 1 the<mly thing in which he wa. inte"",ted,' but '. tyle' ;' here to k unden tood in the wid. . t possible lensc. For the mature Joyce 'uyle' denoted more than a wayofwnLing; it had become a way of life, or at lea,t . . way of intupteting IW" which, for a man a ! tempcramcnta. lly pallive a ! Joyce, amoun! . 1 10 virtually the urne thing. In Ulyssts his surrogate, Stephen, mUJCd on tho world-book of signa"'r. . which he W9. . 1 'he,. . , to ",ad' (U 33); many yean lu~r the . \:ill with wruch he had intu:pretcd thae ,igpaturt";S wu put to the t. . t inFimugQIU Wok, to write which joyce nceded a thorough analytical grasp ofthe syntax, gram_ m~r, and pro. rody of the unive. . . , fer he had taken on nO kss . . Wk than Ihat of demomuating cosmic 'style' in aclien. & joyce w'" primarily concerned with the dynamic functioning of the unive"', the hum. ea of germination in the muck-heap
a! ler the nadir ofthe cycle had been reathed necwarily beca= the most important moment of all. Though the fourth Age is
somenm. . described in Fill1ilgaru Wok '" a disintcgration- 'O'c'nle, n'we'stle, tr'c'stle, crumhlingl' (,8. 00)- il" nO I. . . frequently interpreted . . . . a vital reorganiaalion of scattered forces, a r. . UI"1"tttion which i< """,tive rather than potential: 'hatch_u-balch can' (6'4. 33) . Barwicke. my>terioualy rise. from the dead in 1. . . . . deparu, and i. tried in ah$entia; Anna
Livia habhl. . in lively faohion in 1. 8; Tristan and heult emhrace in II. . . ; the new generation;' ca",fully nurtured in the cradl. . oflll+joyce ha. < cxtended the wurth Age in each ca. e
by allowing it not only to prepare for, but to lOme alent also , /411#1, p. '4"
,FJIm>. w>,pp. ~.
, S. Joy<><, My H. oI""? 1 /(<4><<, I. _on. '9. s11. p. '3?
5'
? CJclic Form
to rc<. apilulate, in dream-like anticipation, the fint Age of the cycle. ' A. he "'Y', 'The old order changeth and l:uts like the fin " (? \6. IO). Earwkker's ". . "urr~ction in 1. 4 i. identical with
the m()ment of Finnegan'. rUe in I. , and the suh:. equent birth of the new hero; Anna reappear. in 1. 8 in the . ame AIlmaziful pcl"1<lnification :t. 1 in I. . ';; Tristan and heult repeat "ilh more . ucc<:. . the frUJIlrated love-play of 11. 1; the old couple in ~
in III'4 reoorutitute the tableau of page 403.
A l l t h e d i v e l " 1 C c y c l e s f i n d a C < l m m ( l n ~. ulmination i n I l o o k I V ,
who"" single chapter is one of the most inlereoting and ,ucc<:. . _ ful in FjllJltll~1I. ! Wak? . Vito wa. a far<<clng but ratber hard_ headed Christian historian; altb<mgh h~ w"'" $Qmetimcs bizam. there was little of the mY'tic in him and the impuhc which he poIotulated for the"artofa newcyele waSa Divine A<:t requiring little ru. . :UJtSion. }"or the thcoaophists, how. ver, th~ moment of change from one major cycle to tlu: n. ,,{ w"'" filled with a
mY"tical significance which J oyce ""ern, to hav~ mund attrac_ tive. This brief interpolated Age wa. caIlrd. a "'I. ndhi', a twilight period ofjunction and moment ofgreat calm. Rlavatsky s""" it a. the mmt important moment orall in the re. urrection prn<:C! o'--a period of Mlmee and uneatthline$l cOITcsponding
to the stay of the departed $Qnl in the Heaven-Tree Wore reincarnation. She de. criixs a . ymbolic rcpte$entation of the ",ndhi_period in a wall-pAinting depic. ting Ihe ~yclos of the world' :
'There is a certain distance marked between ~ach of the . pherel, pUfJ'O"eiy marked; for, after the accompli. bment of the citdel through varioUJI trarumigratioru, the ! <lnl is allowrd. " time of temporary nirvana, during which ,pac-: of time the atma loses an remembrance of pa'l ! <lIT<>W? . The intermediate . pace il filled with strange beings. '
Book IV accorn. with thil. It i, immedialdy idcntifird. '" a ',3ndhi' by the triple incantation with which it begin. : 'Sand- hya$! Sandhy. . . ! Sandhya. ]' C'. >93. (1) . ' 'Il,e my>! ic. . l 'Dark
, Su 1><10. .
