No More Learning

Most wheresoever shall directed your ma bumble beseech your majesty consider
jesty, and for the better performing thereof,
shall her majesty's pleasure, recom
mend the tryal my innocency, and examina tion the verity the preceding narration,
the king your son, with request that may pardoned for such offences concerned your
majesty's service, and var common men
hereof, and gracious give order, that may have means serve your majesty according the sincerity my meaning, and
expecting your majesty's answer, after the kissing your hand with humility, take leave from London.
56. The Trial THoy. HowARD duke Norfolk, before the
Lords
Westminster, for High Treason: ELIz. Jan. 36, 1571. [M. Brit, Mus. 1427. ]
FIRST all, there was prepared West cil. On the left side, the West part the minster-hall large scaffold, about foot dis said scaffold the same degree, sat next the tant from the Chancery-Court; and the same Judges, Dr. Wilson, master the requests, scaffold long passage, about six foot broad, and several other persons note.
sat the lords this order:
the court wards. On the right hand, permission, sat Mr. W. Fleetwood recorder London; and on their left hands were Mr. Tho
On the right hand the fjoi. . . . "
Reynold earl Kent, Earl
Thomas earl Sussex, Earl Huntingdon,
the On the North part the scaffold, directly
and high built the way far
Common-Pleas bar. the middle,
south-side the scaffold, was erected
somewhat higher than the rest, with
state for the Lord High Steward England, Mr. Thomas Bromley solicitor-general, and who for that day was George earl Shrews Mr. Thomas Wilbraham the queen's attorney bury. On both sides the Lord High Steward,
the before the bar where the Prisoner came, sat chair, Mr. Nicholas Barrain the queen's serjeant, Mr.
cloth Gilbert Gerard the queen's attorney-general,
mas Norton, who wrote down this Trial upon the scaffold, also Garter king arms, two gen tlemen ushers, and two serjeants arms.
earl Pembroke, Edward Hertford, Robert Leicester, Viscount Hereford, Ld. Clinton, Lord High William lord Howard
Admiral England, Effingham,
hand. Worcester,
The Lord High Steward being set his Ambrose ofWarwick Francis Bedford, chair, and the lords and others set their
Wm. lord Burleigh, Lord Grey James lord Mountjoy, Lord Sandes,
Wilton,
places, with great number people the Hall, the Hall being kept the knight mar shal, and the warden the Fleet, and their servants with tipstaves; about half hour past the morning the lord high steward stood his chair bare-headed, and Mr. Norris the gentleman-usher holding the white rod before him, Littleton the serjeant arms made proclamation follows: “My Lord's ‘grace,
Lord Wentworth,
Lewis lord Mordant, Lord Chandois,
Lord Hurgh,
Lord St. John,
-
Thos. lord Buckhurst, Lord De La Ware.
the Lord High Steward,
the lords feet, sat the Judges, viz. the right hand; Robert Catlin, lord
chief justice England; James Dyer, lord chief justice the common pleas; Edw.
Lord Rich, Oliver lord St. Join of Lord North,
queen's majesty's commissioner, Ligh-Steward England, commandeth every ‘man keep silence pain Imprisonment,
Bletshoe.
the
On both sides lower form
and bear the queen's Commission
Saunders, lord chief baron
On the left hand, the rest cording their order.
the oxchequer. the Judges sat ac
the crown. Then the said lord high steward sat down again his chair, and the gentleman
usher delivered him the white rod, which held his hand great while and after the Indictment read, re-delivered the gentle man-usher, who held before him the time the Arraignment. Then Littleton the
the feet the lord high steward, directly
before him, hollow place cut the scaf. scrjeant again made Oyer, and proclaimed fold for that? urpose, sat Mr. Miles Sands clerk thus: “Thomas Edwards, serjeant arms, re
the crown with his secondary. Next, beneath turn thy procept;" which being put immedi the Justices the same row, sat the right ately, delivered the clerk the crown
hand, viz. the East-side, with three the queen's
Francis Knowle, the names the peers summoned for the Houshold, and Trial. Then Littleton the Serjeant again the Exchequer, made Oyer, and proclaimed thus: Ail earls,
Walter Mildmay chancellor
with several others the queen's Privy-Coun viscounts, and barons, sunumoned appear
". ‘read. ” Which then was read the clerk
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959] STATE TRIALS, Eliz. 1571. -Trial the Duke Norfolk, [900
this day, every one answer to your names on ought bear, towards our said lady the queen; pain of future peril. ' Then were the lords and intending cut off and destroy the said called order their names baptism, and queen Elizabeth, the 22d day Sept. the surnames dignity, beginning the antient 11th year the reign our said sovereign est; and every one severally,
}. signified stood and
was called, lady queen Elizabeth, and divers other days
appearance. Ancientry, they
and times before and after,
the Charter
their
Middlesex, called, was thus: Reynold earl Kent, Wm. falsely, maliciously and traitorously conspir
earl Worcester, Tho. earl Sussex, Henry ed, imagined and gone about not only
earl Huntingdon, Ambrose earl Warwick, deprive, depose, and cast out the said queen,
Francis earl Bedford, Wm. earl Pem sovereign lady, from her royal dignity,
broke, Edw. earl Hertford, Robert earl title, power, and government her kingdom
Leicester, Walter visc. Hereford, Edw. lord England; but, also bring about and compass
Clinton, Wm. lord Howard Effingham, Wm. the death and final destruction our said sove
lord Burleigh, lord Grey Wilton, James lord reign lady the queen, and make and raise
Mountjoy, lord Sandes, lord Wentworth, lord Sedition the said kingdom England, and
Order
were
House the
county
hath
Burgh, Lewis lord Mordant, lord St. John, Ro spread miserable Civil War amongst the
bert lord Rich, lord North, lord Chandois,
Oliver lord St. John Bletshoe, Thomas lord Buckhurst, lord De La Ware. -
subjects our said lady the queen, and pro cure and make an Insurrection and Rebellion
against our said lady the queen, supreme Then the Serjeant again made Oyer, and and natural lady; and make public war proclaimed thus: “Robert Catlin knight, Chief within the realm England contrary our
Justice England, return thy Certiorari and said lady the queen, and the government
thy Precept;' which was mediately delivered her said kingdom, and endeavour change the clerk the crown, and read. The ser and alteration the sincere worship God, jeant again made Oyer, and proclaimed thus: well and religiously established the said
-
w-
Lieutenant the Tower London, return thy Habeas Corpus, and bring forth thy Pri soner Thomas duke of Norfolk. ’
Then was the duke brought upon the long half pace the bar, Owen Hopton lieute nant the Tower leading him the right hand, and Peter Garowe the left, and
was placed the bar, they still holding him the arms; the chamberlain the Tower, with the axe the Tower, standing with the edge towards Peter: while behind the duke stood Mr. Henry Skipwith, who after the
duke's Imprisonment, was appointed attend on him the Tower,
kingdom; and also totally subvert and de stroy the whole constitution the said state,
happily instituted and ordained
parts, with divers aliens and foreigners, not the subjects our said lady the queen, hostilely
invade the said kingdom England, and make cruel war against our said lady the queen and her dominions. —And for the compassing and bringing pass the said wicked and notorious treasons, imaginations, and intentions proposed aforesaid, the said Thomas duke
Norfolk, well and truly knew and under stood, that Mary late queen Scots had laid claim and pretended title and interest the
Then the Duke with haughty look, and present possession and dignity the imperial
oft biting his lip, surveyed the lords each crown this kingdon England; well and side him. In the mean time the Lieutenant of truly knowing and understandings that the
the Tower delivered his return; then the aforesaid Mary, late queen Scots, had falsely, serjeant made Oyer and Proclamation wickedly, and unjustly said and athrmed, That lence, while the Clerk the Crown said the our aforesaid lady, queen Elizabeth, had duke thus: “Thomas duke Norfolk, late right and title the crown this realm
Remming-hall the county Norfolk, hold England: And also well and truly knowing and
up thy hand Which the duke did very lustily. understanding, that the aforesaid Mary, late Then the clerk of the crown read the INDIco queen Scots, had falsely, wickedly, and un MENT,” the tenor whereof thus: justly usurpcd the stile, title, and regal name
“Middlesex. this kingdom England; and that she, the
“The Jury present and say, behalf our aforesaid Mary late queen Scots, had im lady the queen, That Thomas duke Norfolk, paled and joined the arms the kingdom late Remming-hall the county Norfolk, England with the arms the kingdom Scot
false Traitor against the most illustrious land, well her scals and plate, other and Christian princess Elizabeth, queen Eng things, without any difference and distinction. land, France, and Ireland, defender the faith, And furthermore, well and truly knowing and &c. and his sovereign lady, not having the fear understanding, that the said Mary, late queen
God his heart, nor weighing his due alle of Scots, had not revoked renounced her
giance, but seduced the instigation the Devil, contrary that cordial affection and
bounden duty that true and faithful subjects our said lady the queen bear, and right
copy the Latin Indictment will found the end of this Article.
wicked and unjust claims and usurpations aforesaid, the 23d day Sept. the 11th year our said lady, now queen England, and divers other days and places before and after the said time, the Charter-House aforesaid, the county Middlesex aforesaid, falsely, subtlely and traitorously sought and endca
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961] STATE TRIALS, 14 Eliz. 1571. —for High Treason. [962
voured, without the assent, consent, or agree sent and appointment, they did falsely and trai ment of the aforesaid our lady queen Elizabeth, torously meet and assemble themselves toge his supreme and sovereign lady, to be joined in ther, with great multitude people, the Inarriage with the aforesaid Mary, hate queen number 4,000 men and more, ready armed of Scots. And for this reason and cause he the and prepared for open war against their said said duke aforesaid, the 23rd day of Sept. in queen Elizabeth, their supreme and sovereign the 11th year aforesaid, and divers other days lady, Rippon aforesaid, the 16th day Nov. and places before and after, at Charter-House aforesaid, the year aforesaid, falsely and aforesaid in the county of Middlesex afore traitorously they were ready prepared and said, falsely, subtlely and traitorously writ
divers letters to the aforesaid Mary, late queen of Scots; and as well as letters, sent
several pledges or tokens to the aforesaid Charles earl Westmoreland, Richard Nor Mary, late queen of Scots, the 23d day of ton, and Thomas Markenfield, with many others Sept. aforesaid, in the year aforesaid, and divers the said false traitors and rebels aforesaid, by other days and times before and after. And due form law legally indicted, and afterwards also on the said 23d day of Sept. in the 11th upon that legally outlawed and attainted, year of the reign of the said queen Elizabeth, they now stand upon record her said majes and divers other days and places before and ty's court queen's-bench. -And after the after, at Charter-house aforesaid, in the county perpetration and commission the aforesaid of Middlesex aforesaid, falsely, subtlely, and wicked treasons, manner aforesaid them traitorously gave to, and accommodated the said committed, the aforesaid Tho. earl Northum Mary, late queen of Scots, with divers sums of herland, and Anne his wife; Charles earl money; which the said Mary, late queen of Westmoreland, Norton, and Thomas Mar Scots, falsely and traitorously had and received kenfield with many other false traitors and of him the said Thomas duke of Norfolk, the rebels aforesaid, the 20th day Dec. the 12th 23rd day of Sept. aforesaid, in the year afore year the reign our said sovereign lady the said, at Charter-house aforesaid, in the county queen, for those Treasons fled out this king
of Middlesex aforesaid; notwithstanding the dom into the kingdom Scotland; and there
aforesaid duke had been distinctly and especi ally forbid and prohibited by the aforesaid lady queen Elizabeth, upon his allegiance, that he should upon no account whatsoever hold Cor
resided, and were received, aided and assisted several noblemen, and other great men
the said kingdom Scotland, viz. James duke Chastelleroy, the earl Huntley, Mr. Harris, Mr. Hume, and Mr. Firmherst,
respondence, or treat with the aforesaid Mary
late queen of Scots, concerning Marriage with and other Scots, then subjects the said king her the said Mary late queen of Scots; and not dom Scotland, detained from our said lady
withstanding the aforesaid duke, by divers let queen Elizabeth, and towards which noble ers and instruments writ with his own hand to inen, and other great men the aforesaid
the said lady queen Elizabeth, supreme so
vereign lady, publicly denied and renounced
the aforesaid Marriage, protesting that the
kingdom Scotland, the said lady queen Eli
zabeth afterwards proclaimed, and caused war made upon the said rebels, public ene mies her kingdom England, Tho. earl
said duke was never engaged, had proceeded
the said Marriage. —And also the said Ju Sussex, her majesty's lord lieutenant, and
rors, upon their corporal oaths, further present lieutenant-general the north, with powerful and say, That Thomas earl Northumberland, and strong army oppose the enemy. Upon late Topcliffe the county York, and which account, Charles earl Westmoreland, Anne wife; Charles earl Westmoreland, Anne, wife Thomas earl Northumberland, late Branspeth the county Durham; Itd. Norton, and Tho. Markenficki, fled from Richard Norton, late Norton Comers the the aforesaid kingdom Scotland, and trans county York; Thomas Markenfield late ported themselves Antwerp Brabant,
Markenfield the said county, esquires; to together with several other false Traitors, rebels, and public enemies our said lady queen Elizabeth, not having the for God before their eyes, nor considering their due allegiance, but seduced the instigation
where they resided. And there the same Charles earl Westmoreland, Anne wife the said Tho. earl Northumberland, Rd. Norton, and Tho. Markenfield, contrary their due allegiance, staid manifest contempt
the said queen and her laws. Yet the afore said Thomas duke Norfolk, not ignorant
the premises, but well and truly knowing and singular the transactions inanner and
the devil, imagined, devised, and con
spired deprive and depose the said lady
queen Elizabeth from her royal dignity, title,
and power her kingdom England; and form aforesaid, the 6th day August, the also bring about and compass the death and 12th year the reign the said queen Eliza final destruction the said lady queen Eliza beth, Charter-House aforesaid, the county
beth, with the intention and design complete and fulfil their traitorous conspiracies and devices, the 16th day Nov. the 11th year the reign
Middlesex aforesaid, and divers others days and places afore and after, falsly and traitor ously took care, and caused sent, deliver
and distributed, several sums money,
aid, assist, and support the aforesaid Charles Q
the said county Wol.
the said queen, Rippon York; their own con
arined execute and singular the treasons and conspiracies aforesaid, the said Thomas earl Northumberland and Anne his wife,
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963] STATE TRIALS, 14 Eliz. 1571. —Trial of the Duke of Norfolk, [934
earl of Westmoreland, and Anne wife of Tho. dignity, title, power, preheminence, and go earl of Northumberland. —And further, That vernment this kingdom England and
the said Thomas duke of Norfolk, the 16th day the same time, him the said Thomas duke of of July, in the 13th year of the reign of the Norfolk, join himself marriage with the said lady Elizabeth, queen of England, at aforesaid Mary, late queen Scots. Charter-House aforesaid, in the county of Mid And further, the Jurors upon their oaths pre dlesex aforesaid, and divers other days and sent and say, That the aforesaid Robert Ri places afore and after, falsly and traitorously dolph had writ and composed three distinct adhered to, aided and assisted James duke of
Chastelleroy, earl of Huntley, Mr. Harris, Mr.
Hume, Mr. Burleigh, and Mr. Firmherst, pub
enemies our said lady Elizabeth, then
queen England. —And further, the Jurors those letters the aforesaid duke of Alva,
aforesaid, upon their oaths, prescut and say, another the aforesaid bishop Rome, and
That whereas Pius Quintus, sometime bishop third the aforesaid Philip king Spain. Rome, was and known deadly and That afterwards the same Thomas duke of
public enemy our said lady queen Eliz. and Norfolk falsely and traiterously intending, wil her kingdom England; that the said Tho. ling, and desiring success and effect from the
duke Norfolk well and truly knowing and understanding this, the 10th day March,
the 13th year the reign the said lady queen Eliz. Charter-House aforesaid, the county, Middlesex aforesaid, and divers other days and places afore and after, with in
tention produce the said traitorous effects, falsly, subtilly, and traitorously consented, con sulted, advised, and procured one IRobert Ri dolph, foreign merchant beyond the seas,
aforesaid false and traiterous messages, by the aforesaid Robert Ridolph, appeareth by
his sending one Wm. Baker gent. one the servants the said Thomas duke Norfolk,
the 20th day March the 13th year the reign the queen, Charter-House aforesaid,
the county Middlesex aforesaid, falsly and
traiterously sent Guerrawe Despeis, embas
sador of said Philip king Spain, de
clare, shew, and affirm the aforesaid ambas
sador the aforesaid Philip king Spain, that he the said Thomas duke of Norfolk had
affirmed and would affirm the aforesaid creden
&c. And that the said king Spain, the
mediation the said duke Alva, did send
into this kingdom England certain army Robert IRidolph, the 24th day March, the
Germans invade and make open and 13th year the reign the said lady Eliz. cruel war against the said lady queen Eliza queen England aforesaid, Dover, the beth. -And also that the same Thomas duke of county Kent, took his journey several Norfolk, the same 10th day March, the parts beyond the seas, order execute, per
said 13th year the reign the said lady fect, and complete the said treasonable mes queen Eliz. aforesaid, and divers other days sages, with the consent and agreement the and places afore and after, Charter-House aforesaid Thomas duke of Norfolk. And as
aforesaid, the county Middlesex afore terwards the aforesaid Robert Ridolph con said, falsely, wickedly, and traitorously con veyed, declared, and communicated the said spired, consented, and agreed with the afore wicked and traiterous messages foreign coun said Robert Ridolph, advance, stir up, and tries and parts beyond the sea, well the
raise within this kingdom
forces and power that
duke Norfolk and any means capable
England, the aforesaid duke of Alva as the aforesaid bi the aforesaid Thomas shop Rome. And that the aforesaid Robert confederates were Ridolph, amongst his many other false and
raising, engaging traiterous Messages, conveyed one Letter
others raise within this kingdom England, unusual characters called Cyphers, which the join with the aforesaid army, and with other aforesaid duke of Alva caused be writ and
subjects this kingdom England, whom the sent Thomas duke Norfolk; which very said duke Norfolk could gather together and letter, declared writ and sent, he the join with the said army the said king said duke Norfolk, the 18th day April, Spain, order make open war against our the 13th year the reign the said queen said lady queen Elizabeth, within this her king Eliz. aforesaid, Charter-House aforesaid,
dom England; and take away and free the county Middlesex aforesaid, falsely and Mary, late queen Scots, out the custody traiterously received and had; and then and and possession our said lady Elizabeth queen there gave and delivered the aforesaid Wm.
England; and the same time deprive, Baker his servant several written pages depose, and eject the most illustrious and Chris known letters, commonly deciphered tian princess queen Elizabeth, from her royak and the said Papers common and known ci
and separate Letters credit, the name the aforesaid Thomas duke Norfolk, for him the said Robert Ridolph, his false, wicked
and treasonous messages aforesaid; viz. one
and out the kingdom the aforesaid bishop
England, send Rome, Philip king Alva, obtain
Spain, and the duke
the aforesaid bishop Rome certain sums money, towards the raising and maintaining
Alva, the Spain com
mas duke of Norfolk had writ them with his own hand. —And further, the said Jurors upon their oaths present and say, That the aforesaid
army invade this kingdom England,
and make war the said kingdom, against the aforesaid lady Elizabeth, queen England,
posed and writ his name, were
intents and purposes, the said Tho
tial letters the aforesaid duke bishop Rome, and Philip king
valid
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and say, That the said Thomas duke of
o
965] STATE TRIALS, 14 Eliz. 1571. -for High Treason. [966.
phers or characters he the said duke afterwards neither hear the same statute alledged, and yet on the 25th day of April, in the 13th year of am put once the whole herd laws, the reign of the said queen Eliz. at Charter not knowing which particularity answer unto.
House aforesaid, in the county of Middlesex aforesaid, falsely and traiterously received, in
and kept them. By which letters of the said rence and humble submission am led think
Robert Ridolph to him the said Thomas duke may have counsel. And this shew, that of Norfolk, amongst other things, are signified you may think move not this suit without any and he makes known what a kind audience and ground. am hardly handled, have had
draw me into matter Treason, which are then and there falsely and traiterously retained not treasons themselves therefore with reve
spected, and read over the said papers, and
reception he the said Robert met with from the aforesaid duke of Alva in his wicked and trai
terous messages aforesaid. And that the said duke of Alva required and willed the friends and abettors of the said confederacy to be ready, whensoever a foreign power should be
short warning, and books; neither Book Statutes, nor much the Breviate Sta tutes. am brought fight without wea
yet remember one case law, think the first year king Henry
one Humphrey Stafford, which was
#io
the case
indicted
allowed him: the precedent his case
kingdom fur
High-Treason,
such, your
of the reign of the said lady queen Elizabeth,
at Charter-House aforesaid, in the county of
Middlesex aforesaid, falsely and traiterously re Then James Dyer, Lord Chief Justice
ceived a Letter directed to him the said duke, from Pius Quintus bishop of Rome; by which
olk, day June, year the 16th of in the 13th
case
forbid allowing counsel After the reading the Indictment, the son; but only
clerk of the crown said the duke IIow Not Guilty.
the point Trea answered Guilty,
sayest thou, Thomas duke Norfolk. art thou Duke. Humphrey Stafford's Case was
guilty these Treasons whereof thou art in High-Treason, and had counsel. must
dicted, manner and sorin thou art thereof submit myself your opinions: beseech you,
indicted, Yea No
Thereupon the Duke began, and said this
effect: May please your grace, and you the
rest my . . . i. here, the hearing this In
dictment giveth me occasion enter into the
making suit, which meant not have
done before my coming hither: beseech you, seech you bear with me, and
favour that the law allows me.
the law will permit that tuay have coun
sel allowed me for the answering this In dictment.
not allow me counsel, must submit me your opinions. beseech you, consider me; my blood will ask vengeance, unjustly condemned honour your learnings and your gravities: beseech you, have consideration
The Lord Chief Justice answered, That
case High-Treason cannot have counsel allowed: and that he was to answer his own
fact only, which himself best knew, and might me, and grant me what the law will permit
without counsel sufficiently answer.
Duke. That you may understand that
speak not without some ground, these the causes that move me make this suit was
you, beseech you, tell me,
told before came here, that was indicted and which parts, that may know what
upon the Statute the 25th Edw.
have had very short warning provide an
swer great matter; have not had hours all, both day and night, and now
should answer.
Lord Chief Justice Catlin. For the sufficiency
your indictment, hath been well debated and considered all; and have oil,
The Indictment containeth sundry points and matters touch me circumstance, and
shew you my ground why crave refer me your opinions therein.
the said bishop of Rome promised to the said
duke of Norfolk, aid, help, and assistances to
wards executing the said wicked and traiterous
designs of the aforesaid Mary, late queen of
Scots, contrary to their due allegiance, and the
peace of our sovereign lady Elizabeth, now
queen of England, her crown and dignity, and
in manifest contempt of the laws of this king fact
dom, as well as the worst and most pernicious ance
example of other delinquents the like lowed, being claimed prescription, and with case, and contrary the form several sta out shewing any formicr allowances Eyre sutes this case made and provided. ” and such like matters; but our Books
the Common-pleas, said My Lord, That case Humphrey Stafford primo Henry was about pleading Sanctuary, for that was taken out sanctuary Culneham,
which belonged the abbot Abingdon: the question was, whether should allowed
sanctuary that case, and with that form pleading, which was matter law which
had counsel, and not upon the point High Treason; but only for the allow sanctuary, and whether might al
weigh what case stand stand here be fore you for my life, lands and goods, my chil
dren and my posterity, and that which esteem most all, for my honesty; forbear speak
my honour. am unlearned; ask any
thing, and not such words
ought, be
me have that the law do
me. am now make another suit my lords the Judges:
my Indictment law; and whether
perfect and sufficient whole, the parts,
if
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*67] STATE TRIALS, 14 Eliz. 1571–7 rial of with one assent, resolved, and certify have this
Duke Norfolk, [965
you, that pressed, wholly and
the causes the indictment ex needed not
true fact, the indictment every part sufficient.
this present. have chosen rather
point, shall charged for my me
mory was never good, and now worse than ever was. Yet one request more beseech
you, my peers, which with favour may ask, and you with justice may grant; unhappy man that am, though have this Indictment
Duke. Be the points Treasons
Catlin. All Treasons, the
that whereof am charged have chosen, my peers,
come here tried
needless and cowardly running away, have left gap open my enemies slanderously lay my charge my absence what they could maliciously invent. have this day (though am sorry for any cause come
this case before you) even the day that could wish tried such peers. will not enter into particularities, and discourse my whole cause large, but answer from point
truth of the case be so fact.
Duke. will tell you what moveth me ask you this: have heard the case the lord Scroope; was the time Henry the 4th,
you, than with
(the Judges said Henry the 5th) confessed the Indictinent, and yet traversed that the points thereof were Treasons.
Catlin. My lord, had his Judg
ment for Treason upon that Indictment, and was executed. -
Then the Clerk the Crown said again, IIow sayest thou, Thomas duke Norfolk, art
the Treasons whereof thou art manner and form thou art
thou guilty here indicted, indicted, Yea,
No The Duke answered,
Not Guilty. The Clerk said, whom wilt pleaded Not Guilty the Treasons therein ob
the way lawful purgation, have been here this time, nei ther for natters passed two years ago, nor for
Treasons; yet humility, and with Then the Duke spake the lords, and said tears confessed, and some you, my lords,
thou tried The Duke said, God and - jected against me, nor my Peers. confess, have with
thus: Now am not use short speech, here present can witness, that have neglected which meant before have used, but that my duty the queen's most excellent majesty, the reading the Indictment hath driven me cases inferior treason, and that be no
other occasions. Although these heinous parts treason: have laid them at her ma Treasons and outrageous faults objected against jesty's feet, and poured them forth before her me, nouch abash me yet conceive Confession, far my conscience will small comfort, think under how gracious suffer me declare. Let, beseech you, nei queen and sovereign lady live, which well ap ther my Confession already made inferior
compass treason; nor, mine Answers confess them objected against me; lead Trial which the laws admit, and the most you judge the worse me the greater
peareth her most gracious proceeding with faults, that
not
shall now jesty seeketh not my blood, but giveth me the again, they
me according the course law. Her ma
favourable manner that can require; for case. Let each fault have his own pine; which am most bounden her majesty. beseech you, remember the differences and
now much worse than was sore trou ham, and said this effect.
hath appeared bles, sore cares, closeness prison, evil rest, your grace and your lordships all, that the have much decayed my memory; pray duke Norfolk this Indictment charged
your degrees offences, and not mix my smaller
Now am make two suits: the one
grace, my Lord High Steward, That your faults with this great cause these meau place requireth justice, may please crimes rest her majesty's feet, where with you extend me your lawful favour, that humility have laid them. Thus beseech may have justice, and that may not over you all, have consideration me.
laid speeches: my memory was never good, Then spake the Queen's Serjeant, Mr. Barr
God, that this day fail me not, and another
time will forgive beseech this you, my lord high steward. The second request,
with three principal points High Treason: the first That forgetting his allegiance and duty his sovereign lady the queen, hath traiterously imagined, devised and practised, deprive and depose the queen's majesty
and from the crown this realm, and her royal
thought make you, my lords,
think myself happy have my Trial company. much greater matter,
peers:
such could
have greater, durst put into your hands, stile, name and dignity, and and very few excepted) even into every one death and destruction and
your hands singly; that opinion have whole state government
you, know religion beareth stroke among second point That bath traiterously re you, which, hope, ruleth your consciences, lieved and comforted the English rebels that that respect you will swerve from jus levied war against her majesty within her tice you will not bring worm into your own realm, and which since fled into Scotland, and consciences; you will not burden your souls from thence beyond the sea. The third point with condemning me wrongfully; you will not That hath traiterously given relief and
what God's law and right alloweth not. maintenance the duke Chastelleroy, the
This above things comforteth me, next unt, earl Huntley, the lord Harris, the lord Hume, her majesty's most gracious favour my law. and other Scots, the queen's majesty's public ful trial. had uot made full account enemies, succourers and detainers the said
bring her alter the
this realm. The
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969]
STATE TRIALs,
Eliz. 1971—for High Treason.
[970
-
-
rebels. To prove these great Treasons, there last trouble, this time there want not is in this Indictment set forth unto you good put abroad the world, and heap things
and sufficient matter; first, to prove that the which never thought; great number duke of Norfolk sought, imagined, compassed such there be, see many here this pre and practised to deprive and depose the queen's sent. They have published, that took majesty of her royal crown, estate and dignity; oath things which afterwards proved con and consequently to bring her to death and de trary; blame me not that mistrust the worst, struction, are alledged two matters: the first because have found the worst. But take
That the duke knowing the Scotish queen away scruple from you, true that took falsely and unjustly claim and pretend title, oath, but not generally, but special points.
have and enjoy the present possession the crown England; and that she untruly usurped the name and stile this realm; and that she gave and quartered the arms Eng land without difference; and that she continued
thereof, acknowledging F. together. ciation and without her heart shall
refused set my hand without expressing that fact, and usurped claim without renun the point; for my hand, my oath, and
error unto the queen's majesty, though she
hath been thereto required He, say, know
ing this, yet without the queen's maj. 's assent
against her majesty's special and express com
mandment upon his allegiance, and against his
own . promise and protestation upon his faith, the scruple such matter have been hath nevertheless secretly sought and practised charged with, and which perhaps you have
And now when take oath points,
draw me the whole, and take pars pro toto, great injury. To prove that took
that oath parts, and not the whole,
that my oath was but n name good witnesses
ca
sently, within three hours after my oath taken, specially report the three points that made
mine oath unto. This, say, take from you
And for further special points, whom did pre
join himself with the said Scottish queen heard me my discredit.
Marriage, and advance and maintain her Then said Mr. Serjeant Barrham, have yet
given Evidence, you
said and pretended title the present and for that Oath are
possession the crown this realm; which not once yet charged withal. have done no cannot withoutpurpose depose and de thing yet but recited the matter contained prive the queen's majesty, and consequently the Indictment; now will bring forth matter
bring her death and destruction. The for the queen Evidence, and will prove the second that the duke Norfolk hath con things the Indictment true. There spired and practised procure strangers are alledged three great Treasons, have enter into this realm, and invade the same, before said; the first only will deal with, that and make open war against her majesty, prove that the duke Norfolk imagined, within her own realm; and forcibly work compassed and conspired, deprive and de her deposing, deprivation, death and destruc pose the queen's majosty, our sovereign lady,
tion. Hereupon the said duke hath pleaded Not Guilty, and for his trial hath put himself upon his peers; yours therefore the trial. And now for Evidence prove him guilty the treasons contained the said Indictment, may please your lordships hear such
her crown and royal estate and dignity; and will use the second matter but for induce ment the first, shewing how the Scotish queen falsely and unjustly claimed the present
possession the crown this realm; and that knowing that the Scotish queen unjustly
claimed the said crown, that she quartered the arms England, that she usurped the style and royal name; that she hath not acknowledged her error, nor renounced her untrue and unjust claim and usurpation, though she hath been required thereunto; and whereto himself hath been privy and hath dealt treaty, chief commissioner for the queen's majesty for that purpose this matter, say, will set out; how knowing this, yet without the assent
shall for the queen bring forth
am occasioned, the speech Mr. Serjeant, gather what shall find the
rest them; meaning with circumstance draw me into treason, with eloquence over
matter against him.
Duke.
lay me, and against me, and treasons indeed.
exasperate matters extremely
enforce things that not beseech you, my masters, your duty, remember equity,
for God's sake
consider conscience, and what am am no
stranger, lau, Christian man, and English express commandment upon his allegiance,
man. You may your duties the queen sulficiently, and yet deal conscionably with me, and heap not, unconscionably, circumstances gloy my memory. Go directlyto the Indictment,
praise nor glory you overlay me. am unlearned, unable speak, and worst
speak for myself; have neither good utterauce, the world well knoweth,
advance and maintain the had forgotten: knew man suspected said title, this must needs tend purpose
unto you, and that nor understanding for God's sake not and pretence overlay me with superfluous matter. One thing joined himself
knew her unjust claim title, and that thereby
half condemned. Now
happened and imagining depose and deprive the
the queen's majesty, against her highness's
against own faith and promise the con trary, practised join himself Marriage with
the said queen ofScots: and mean join thereto intent his, advance and main
tain that unjust title the Scotish queen.
then this attempting join himself mar: riage with the Scotish queen shall proved
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: 971] STATE TRIALS, 14 Eliz. 1571–Trial of Duke Norfolk, [972 queen's majesty, and thereupon consequently fore bear with me, pray you, cast back
possession the queen's crown, and join sess had knowledge that the Scotish queen
England; offering, the duke make proof
will make mine own Confession;
teach me not how answer confess, because the first ground that you build upon against me and because know
not whether my peers know no, will make short Declaration my doings that matter with the Scotish queen. -
Serj. First we pray your grace (speaking
the Lord High Steward) that may directly answer, whether knew that the Scotish queen claimed no; say no, we will
rehearse my doing therein, for my not good for my dealing therein, my witness, that have done uprightly. and about maintain title the present Serj. Then Mr. Serjeant urged him con
bring her death and destruction, which High Treason within the compass the statute king Edw. For whoso shall imagine
again memory God
himself marriage with her that claimeth,
without doubt meaneth aspire the the crown crown himself; and meaning, plainly fol would deny
loweth, that cannot suffer her majesty reign, and his jealousy cannot suffer her live where desireth reign. —Now will show you the manner his procuring match him self marriage with the Scotish queen, and first the beginning thereof: first prove how secretly dealt that end, suits and means, before he was commissioner, ex
amine causes between the Scotish queen, and the young king her son, and other the lords Scotland. Before that time there were secret
suits and practices between them motions, prove
messages, letters and tokens, and pleaded Duke. Then being ruled over the lord
far forth, that the Scotish queen took that she was assured his good-will. For
high steward, that should answer directly that question, answered, That indeed knew that she had so claimed but with circum Stance.
pretended Title the present possession
Duke. pray you
him, and Ralph Sadler, Lancaster, the
when commission was directed
the earl Sussex, and
counsellors the dutchy
Scotish queen had reposed full affiance the
duke Norfolk, have his hands favour Duke. You handle me hardly, you would able hearing; and
Serj. Say plainly, Did you know no? for you say nay, we can prove
she reported, and in trap me circumstance and infer upon me
And where you speak
that she was the queen's enemy, and make
deed followed.
Oath, and seem loth disproved, and
would feign have taken, that your oath, whole matter my dealing with her.
hand, and heart together; there was oath specially appointed for the commissioners,
that they should deal that matter between the Scotish queen and her son and nobility, directly, sincerely, and uprightly, and weigh
things that should objected answered either part indifferently without partiality.
Serj. Answer the parts they fall out. Did you know that she claimed the present pos session the crown? That she usurped the arms and royal style this realm and that she made renunciation that usurped pre tence? you say you knew not, will prove every part
Duke, did not know such sort
first named commissioner, this oath notwith alleged know that renunciation that standing, dealt indirectly, deceived the queen's claim was offered, and upon certain causes re
Then after this oath taken, the duke being the majesty's trust, and demeaned him partially spited.
against his said oath, wherein committed wilful perjury: besides that, without regard
the queen's
Serj.
knew present
well known, and yourself then
his oath sworn counsellor
majesty her privy council,
majesty's secrets, and fell
matching himself with the Scotish queen realm and that there was French power marriage. Now shall prove his knowledge sent prosecute invading this land the the same time, that the Scotish queen pretend way Scotland your self was made the ed title the present possession
of this realm.
Duke. Then the duke asked,
sons contained his Indictment were upon French lords and Scotish queen's commissioners the statute king Edw. and was answered Edinburgh, and agreed upon treaty
Mr. Serjeant and Mr. Attorney-General, peace; which one special Article was, that
that they were grounded upon the same statute only. Then the duke began thus: Here the matters that Mr. Serjeant hath proved against
ine stand two points; which chargeth me with imagining the deprivation and death
the Scotish queen should acknowledge her error, and should renounce her pretended Claim the present possession the crown this realm. was not done, nor yet done. My lord Norfolk was this treaty and when this last commission went out, when the com
me traitor. will answer directly the
That the Scotish queen claimed the possession the crown England,
disclosed her quartered the arms England with the arms practising for Scotland, and usurped the style this
the crown queen's majesty's lieutenant, and levied army expulse them. Afterward the queen's ma the trea jesty sent her embassadors, which met with the
the queen's majesty, and with indirect and
untrue dealing the Scotish queen's cause; missioners sat at York about the matter be
and therein burdeneth me with perjury. tween the Scotish queen, her son, and the no The Scotish cause hath divers pleas, and there bility Scotland, wherein were commissioners
of
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~
973] STATE TRIALS, 14 Eliz. 37. . —for High Treason. [974
the duke of Norfolk, the earl of Sussex, and varicate the queen's intention: and when you
Mr. Chancellor of the Dutchy; one special were your commission examine the Scotish Instruction was for the Scotish queen's Recog queen's adulteries, and her murdering her nition of her unjust claim, and to require that husband, you practised with those that were
dealers for the Scotish queen, and you told them, way advice, That these matters went forwards hearing, the earl Murray, and his side, would disclose the foul matter that
she should ratify the former treaty of peace. The duke knoweth well it was not done.
Duke. What is this to me? I need not en
ter to defend her doings, I like them not. It is
not my case, but that you make it my case; they could, both her letters and other evi
else I would not meddle with answer who would for me. Indeed have heard, that be ing covert-baron then, married the French king, her husband's life she made claim the crown England, and quartered the arms
dences, her dishonour; and that the queen's
majesty had some such counsellors about her, these things were once produced, she
would cause them published, that foreign princes should understand them, the Scotish queen's great infamy, and move foreign princes, proceed further suing for her. And this was the cause of the breach and
England with the arms Scotland. have
heard also, That Nich. Throckmorton made
complaint thereof, and moved for redress, and
thereupon was laid down. have heard
that she hath been requested make re Duke. You said you would prove that
nunciation that Claim when the peace
was concluded, when Montmorency came
over, and time was taken for After this
there grew amity between the queen's majesty
and the Scotish queen; the queen took her for
her friend, sent embassadors unto her, and
christened her child; this excluded enmity.
And when my lord Bedford was there, and
moved her for ratifying the Treaty, and for
the Renunciation, she refused not; but said, ficiently her former unjust claiming the she would send shew causes why she did present possession the crown: And now will not presently. And then was refused not good evidence prove your partial and in absolutely, but upon certain words, and the direct dealing that commission. Here
dissolution your commission.
knew the Scotish queen's claiming the pre sent possession the crown.
Serj. Yourself have confessed for you know there was yet renunciation made, and you were special commissioner for that purpose: and though your commission took effect, yet that, that the requiring the renuncia tion was matter your instructions, and the same not done, plain that you knew suf
treating thereof committed my lord Burleigh and Mr. Wotton. As for our commission
York, took end; the matter was brought
hither, and here was sat upon Westmin ster the Parliament-Chamber. And this
my understanding, that she claimed the crown, and have not otherwise known
will produce matter your own conference York with Ledington and the bishop Ross,
and how yourself told them, that you under stood Lyth, that rigorous matter would
set out the earl Murray and the rest that side, against the Scotish queen, touching her whoredom and the murder of her husband.
Serj. Thus have you confessed far enough, You gave advice stay the earl Murray,
That you knew that she did pretend title the present possession the crown; that she quar
tered the arms, and usurped the royal stile this realm.
from doing you told the Scotish queen's ministers, how the queen England had some
counsellors that could cause her publish those matters the Scotish queen's infamy; you practised with them devise qualify
the matter: you told the way that you thought
Duke. was her she was covert-baron.
husband's
time,
when
Serj.
You knew also how since her husband's
time, she hath not renounced that claim; and the earl
you had, special, instruction require
when you were commissioner.
Duke. full renunciation was offered when
the lord Burleigh was with her, and our com that Mr. Serjeant had said, That the duke mission was ended, and the matter brought understood Lyth: for the duke then pro hither. - tested, that that time had never been
Serj, But what was the cause why took Lyth. Whereupon the lord Burleigh dissolved end your commission; Yourself was the that knot, and said the duke's behalf Mr.
cause that the commission broke up; because Serjeant:
you dealt indirectly; you set out your own Burleigh. You were best proceed with your
affection and partiality, and behaved yourself evidence: you may mistake: my lord Norfolk partially, without regard the queen's ma had not then been Lyth, otherwise than
jesty's special commandment, without regard and were there once secretly morning. your oath, then specially taken for that com The cause this error rose thus: one mission, your oath counsellor; you Scotish Paper produced for that matter, was uttered your partiality, you disclosed the other contained, how the duke understood Lyth,
side aforehand the queen's secrets: you devised which Scotch much length with the one side, and gave them counsel how which Mr. Serjeant, perusing the matters deal for stay the matter: you did pre for Evidence delivered unto him, took for Lyth,
you advised them deal with Murray, that the matter might compounded, else handle that
might take end.
Duke. Here the duke took advantage
best
to
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975] STATE TRIALS, 14 Eliz. 1571. —Trial of the Duke of Norfolk,
as the clerk of the crown also afterwards did in Melvin York did bring me
reading the same paper. Then was produced lodging, where we talked almost
an Examinatiou of the bishop of Ross, taken where told, That had conferred with the at the Tower, Nov. 5, 1571, as followeth: duke, who seemed bear great good-will
The Scotish queen told the bishop of Ross, the queen my mistress, and had willed him
that the conference at York was to make the
earl of Murray, and other her disobedient sub jects, to answer before the queen's majesty of England's commissioners, for their unnatural and unjust proceedings against her; and that
counsel the earl Murray, and others, ab stain from uttering any dishonest matter against the queen, but grant some compositions amongst themselves: that Ledington said,
appeared him, that the duke had some in after their offences acknowledged for the queen tention marry with the queen, the bruite
of England's pleasure, they should be remitted, was and that did verily beiieve, that
and received into favour again, and so mat were followed, the marriage would take effect,
ters compounded. "
The Bishop's Answer
which would most other things for the queen's honour and weal: and willed me
speak with the duke secretly alone, without the commissioners, and Ledington should advertise
assured that case, they would utter that the duke appoint the time convenient,
was sorry she had agreed
wherein they should accused; for was
and therefore wished that the matter might treated way concord, before any entry to accusations: and to that end he counselled
will the queen my mistress, and that had talked with the earl Murray length, (b) and had seen the Letters which they had produce
this was, That any conference
they could for their defences, although were
for her dishonour, and the whole realm: for
they would loth confess openly that they
were evil subjects, and she good princess; where uttered me, That bore good
did one day the morning seven the clock, before the meeting the commissioners.
talked with the duke alone gallery,
Ledington's whole night;
[976
her travel with her friends court York. against the queen my mistress, and other De
To this she replied, that there was such fences, whereby there would such matter
danger the matter supposed; for she
trusted would find the judges favourable, for ever; and were once published, the
principally the duke Norfolk, who was first commission; and doubted not but the earl Sussex would ruled him his tender
queen's majesty England would get counsel such loved not the queen my mistress, publish the same the world, and send em
friend, and Ralph Saller would not gain bassadors other princes, make the same stand their advice; and that Liggons had been known them that they would make
Bolton, whose message, told him further suit for her delivery, and perhaps the lord Scroope, understood the duke's greater rigour might ensue her person good will towards her, and the bruite was also Therefore advised me confer with Leding spread abroad marriage between the duke ton; and that betwixt him and me, we might
and her; and besides, that she had many good friends the country that did favour her, and
find some means stay the rigour intended;
and promised that could that effect, Ledington's advertisement, would do.
replyed, that Ledington would have her
seek her, such
land and his lady, intelligences and
the earl Northumber
whom she had many messages; the Nortons,
ratify the dimission made time, for had assured her more, being kept prisoner
Markenfield and others, who would with the duke York, and would persuade him favour her case. the mean time, before our passage York, Robert Melvin came Bol ton with letters, sent Ledington from Fauly Castle the queen my mistress, advertise her, that the earl Murray was wholly bent
utter that could against her, and that effect had carried with him all the letters
which had produce against her, for proof
Lochlevin for could hurt her England, than that which was done Lochlevin for so
the murder, whereof had recovered the
copies, and had caused his wife write them, agreement, and not to answer to accusations:
which sent the queen; and that had and therefore wished him further the agree not come into England the earl Murray's ment amongst us. He answered, That their company, unless had been her service, commission was only hear the differences and travel for mitigation those rigors in amongst us; and would propound any tended; desiring
Melvin, that she wished accusations: and because
certified Robert thing, would like well and should ad
vertise the queen's majesty, his mistress, there and get her answer. this conference,
the duke did oftentimes insinuate the good will travel with the duke his favour, and that he that did bear the queen my mistress, but
would confer with the bishop Ross, whom
should understand his whole mind particu (b) This was written Scotish, Lyth;
larly from time time. After this, Robert which occasioned the error before,
with the duke Norfolk, desired him
stay those rigorous was well acquaint
proved against her, that would dishonour her
should she stay the uttering any matter against her, and within six months she should restored her country with honour; and
might revoke done her.
To this the Duke: What that were done
quit the present infamy and slander, and let him work out the rest? told him, we were come that conference for make an
he ed
of to at ofin be
in
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to
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977 STATE TRIALS, 14 Eliz. 1571–for High Treason. [973
spoke nothing to me particularly of the Mar would not stand them both. appeareth riage at that time; but referred Leding also, for further proof his partial dealing, ton. Upon this did confer with Ledington that though was sworn, both counselor divers times, whose advice rode Bolton, the queen's majesty, and also specially for the
speak with my mistress, the time my matter this commission yet indirectly, conference; and during my remaining there, secretly, and underhand, dealt with Ledington, the conference was broken up, and the whole and told him, how that the earl Murray and
commissioners for our part, came Bolton. his side intended
came
utter sharp matter against
And London.
The duke gave his advice the mean time, Robert Melvin how stay and dealt partially, and Bolton the queen, with messages against the queen's majesty's special trust and Ledington's, such conference had with commandment, and against his own Oath and Promise. Next atter that, conference had with the duke Norfolk the Scotish queen's
my lord Harris and were sent the Scotish queen.
the duke the hunting the Fields, where believe Ledington did well encourage the duke attempt the Marriage, told me after
part, the duke declared his good will that wards; declaring her properties and the Lo bare the Scotish queen shewed how,
nour and commodities that might ensue
them, both thereby and that the duke did
give good ear thereto, wishing the queen
follow that course. the mean time, the
duke had Liggons, and others, going between He advised that the matter should be com
them and the lady Scroope, who did entertain the matter betwixt them. After this, the duke coming Hampton-Court, Ledington made
the mean with the duke, cause him send Liggons deal with me upon this behalf, and give me some favourable advertisement
the weal for our cause, and hkewise the duke
pounded with the earl Murray; and that should not stick, being here England, and not her own liberty, for the present time,
content ratify the dimission the crown Scotland, which she made Lochlewin; and
she might restored into her own country and then she might undo again her pleasure:
that the same matter Evidence against her, were once uttered the earl Murray,
some the queen's counsellors England would procure her majesty publish them.
caused the lord Lumley sometimes speak and upon pretence constraint and fear, with me, advise nie what was best well revoke that which she should England, done, and especially when the Spanish ambas she before revoked that which she had done at dor had spoken me the Marriage one Lochlevin Scotland. Also the duke that
the House Austria; the duke, my lord time was privy the device, that Ledington ac Lumley, counselled me open the matter companied the earl Murray only understand the queen's majesty, my lord Arundel, his secrets, and betray him and that Le
which might be occasion move her like better the match with him, than with
any foreigner. And then sent me word Liggons, that the queen's majesty was informed
such like bruite, Marriage with the queen Scots; but had satisfied her well enough, and still did follow the matter, and did treat thereupon with the earl Mur ray and Ledington Hampton-Court; whose advice Robert Melvin was sent the queen, my mistress, Rippon, move the Inatter upon the earl Murray's behalf, with
full determination, that the earl Murray liked it: which message heard afterwards that Murray alledged did send for fear
dington stole away the Letters, and kept them one night, and caused his wife write them out. How belt, the same were but Copies trans lated out French into Scotch; which, when Ledington's wife had written out, caused them sent the Scotish queen she la boured translate them again into French, near she could the originals wherein she wrote them; but that was not possible do, but there was some variance the phrase;
which variance, God would, the subtlety
that practice came light.
Duke. What all this be true? What
this the matter? Any dealing mine with
the Scotish queen my sister Scroope's means, some enterprise against him Northaller utterly deny. As for Ledington, and the bi
ton, his return Scotland. And after this manner the matter had been entertained
shop Ross, what their Speechts were me, care not; am answer but for mine own
Speeches.
betwixt the queen and the duke from time
-
time, length declared the former Ex ainlnations.
Selj. The bishop Ross accuseth you your own speeches, and this doth, being examined freely, and without any compulsion.
Serj. The effect all, the Duke's partial and untrue dealing; for that before the bishop
Duke. Sej.
He Scot.
Ross' going York, the Scotish Queen do. clared the bishop Ross, that she doubted not of the favour of the duke of Norfolk: for
Scot Christian man.
my being York commission,
she told him that my lady Scroope had mo matter compounded between the Scotish queen tions and means assured her his good will, and the earl Moray. told him that our and she doubted not my lord Sussex's, for commission was only hear indifferently what
the great friendship and tender love bare the duke; and she made account that Mr.
Sadler would friendly, for that alone L.
Dike.
Ledington broke with me himself have the
should alleged both parts, and thereof
trov make report. What hurt his? The bishop Ross alterwards sent for one, that
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979] STATE TRIALS, 14 Eliz. 1571–Trial of Duke Norfolk, [9so
might speak with me: when we met, moved cause, the making the Oaths pro me for the compounding the matter, ceed sincerely, &c. During which time, only Ledington had done. told him, that our entered into general speech, sticking our commission was but hear and report, just defence the matters that were objected had told Ledington before; and therefore against the said queen's commissioners; they would fall compounding, willed them looking certainly for none other thing but
devise the means themselves, and make summary cognition the causes controversy,
offers; and thereupon we would advertise the
queen's majesty thereof, we would
matters alleged. otherwise, and
say, let my letters looked on, and see
the you they
with small declaratory have followed. Upon certain day, the lord Ledington's secre
contain any such matter. the bishop
Ross, for fear for inalice, have said untruly; being Scot, care not how many English men, his false testimony, bring de
*truction; beseech you let not that hurt me.