Ulrich looked up; it really didn't interest him, but he had the feeling
that this was something new.
that this was something new.
Musil - Man Without Qualities - v2
"
'We've heard that often," Agathe replied with pleasantly dry irony. "But it's apparently not simple to be good in the good way! "
"No, loving is not simple! " Ulrich echoed, laughing.
They lay there looking into the blue heights of the sun; then again through the fence at the street, which, to their eyes dazzled by the sunny sky, was spinning in a hazily excited gray. Silence descended. The feel- ings of self-confidence that the conversation had raised were slowly transformed into an undercutting, indeed an abduction, of the self. Ul- rich related softly: "I've invented a magnificent sham pair of concepts: 'egocentric and allocentric. ' The world oflove is experienced either ego-
1528 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
centrically or allocentrically; but the ordinary world knows only egotism and altruism, a coupled pair that, by comparison, are quarrelsomely ra- tional. Being egocentric means feeling as ifone were carrying the center of the world in the center of one's self. Being allocentric means not hav- ing a center at all anymore. Participating totally in the world and not laying anything by for oneself. At its highest stage, simply ceasing to be. I could also say: turning the world inward and the self outward. They are the ecstasies of selfishness and selflessness. And although ecstasy ap- pears to be an outgrowth of healthy life, one can evidently say as well that the moral notions of healthy life are a stunted vestige of what were originally ecstatic ones. "
Agathe thought: "Moonlit night . . . two miles . . . " And much else drifted through her mind as well. What Ulrich was telling her was one more version of all that; she did not have the impression that she would be losing anything if she did not pay really close attention, although she lis\ened gladly. Then she thought of Lindner's asserting that one had to live for something and could not think of oneself, and she asked herself whether that, too, would be "allocentric. " Losing oneself in a task, as he demanded? She was skeptical. Pious people have enthusiastically pressed their lips to lepers' sores: a loathsome idea! an "exaggeration that is an affront to life," as Lindner liked to call it. But what he did consider pleasing to God, erecting a hospital, left her cold. Thus it hap- pened that she now plucked her brother by the sleeve and interrupted him with the words: "Our man has shown up again! " For partly out of fun, partly from habit, they had fastened on a particularly unpleasant man to use for their mental experiment. This was a beggar who con- ducted his business for a while every day in front of their garden fence. He treated the stone base as a bench that was awaiting him; every day he first spread out beside himself a greasy paper with some leftover food on it, with which he casually regaled himself before putting on his business expression and packing away the rest. He was a stocky man with thick, iron-gray hair, had the pasty, spiteful face of an alcoholic, and had de- fended his location a number of times with great rudeness when other beggars unsuspectingly came near: Ulrich and Agathe hated this para- site who offended against their property-and further refined what was proper to them, their loneliness-hated him with a primitive instinct of possessiveness that made them laugh, because it seemed to them totally illicit; and for just that reason they used this ugly, spiteful guest for their boldest and most dubious conjurations of loving one's neighbor.
Hardly had they caught sight ofhim than Ulrich said, laughing: "Ire- peat: I f you just, as people say, imagine yourself in this situation or feel any kind of vague sense of social responsibility for him-indeed, even if
From the Posthurrwus Papers · 1529
you only see him as a picturesque, tattered painting-there's already a small percentage of the genuine 'putting oneself in another's place. ' Now you have to try it one hundred percent! "
With a smile, Agathe shook her head.
"Imagine you were in accord with this man about everything the way you are with yourself," Ulrich proposed.
Agathe protested. "I've never been in accord with myself! "
"But you will be then," Ulrich said. He took her hand.
Agathe let it happen and looked at the beggar. She became strangely
serious and after a while declared: "He's stranger to me than death. " Ulrich enclosed her hand in his more completely and asked again:
"Please try! "
After a while Agathe said: "I feel as if I'm hanging on this figure; I
myself, and not just my curiosity! " From the tension of concentration, and its focus on a single object, her face had taken on the involuntary expression of a sleepwalker.
Ulrich helped out: "It's like in a dream? Raw-sweet, alien-self, en- countering oneself in the shape of another? "
Agathe dismissed this with a smile. "No, it's certainly not as enchant- ingly sensual as it is in such dreams," she said.
Ulrich's eyes rested on her face. "Try, as it were, to dream him! " he counseled persuadingly. "Cautious hoarders, in our waking state we consist mostly of giving out and taking back; we participate, and in doing so preserve ourselves. But in dreams we have a trembling intimation of how glorious a world is that consists entirely of prodigality! "
"That may be so," Agathe answered hesitantly and distractedly. Her eyes remained fixed on the man. "Thank God," she said slowly after a while, "he's become an ordinary monster again! " The man had got up, gathered his things together, and left. "He was getting uncomfortable! " Ulrich claimed, laughing. When he fell silent, the constant noise of the street rose and mingled with the sunshine in a peculiar feeling of still- ness. After a while Ulrich asked pensively: "Isn't it strange that almost every single person knows himself least of all and loves himself most? It's evidently a protective mechanism. And 'Love thy neighbor as thy- self' means in this fashion too: love him without knowing him, before you know him, although you know him. I can understand one's taking this merely for an extreme expression, but I doubt that it will satisfy the challenge; for, pursued seriously, it asks: love him without your reason. And so an apparently everyday demand, if taken literally, turns into an ecstatic one! "
Agathe responded: "Truly, the 'monster' was almost beautiful! " Ulrich said: "I think one not only loves something because it's beauti-
1530 · THE MAN WITHOUT QUALITIES
ful, but it's also beautiful because one loves it. Beauty is nothing but a way of saying that something has been loved; the beauty of all art and of the world has its origin in the power of making a love comprehensible. "
Agathe thought of the men with whom she had spent her life. The feeling offirst being overshadowed by a strange being, and then opening one's eyes in this shadow, is strange. She pictured it to herself. Was it not alien, almost hostile things that fused together in the kiss of two lives? The bodies remained unitedly separated. Thinking of them, you feel the repulsive and ugly with undiminished force. As horror, even. You are also certain that spiritually you have nothing to do with each other. The disparity and separation of the persons involved is painfully clear. If there had been some illusion of a secret accord, a sameness or likeness, this was the moment it vanished like a mist. No, you weren't under the least illusion, Agathe thought to herself. And yet the sense of an inde- pendent self is partially extinguished, the self is broken; and amid signs signifying an act of violence no less than a sweet sacrifice, it submits to its new state. All of that causes a "skin rash"? Doubtless the other ways ofloving are not able to do as much. Perhaps Agathe had so often felt the inclination to love men she didn't like because this is when this remark- able transformation happens most irrationally. And the remarkable power of attraction that Lindner had lately exercised on her signified nothing else, that she did not doubt. But she haidly knew that this was what she was thinking about; Ulrich, too, had once confessed that he often loved what he didn't like, and she thought she was thinking of him. She recalled that all her life she had believed only in surroundings that rushed past, with the hopeless hope that they could remain the same; she had never been able to change herself by her own volition, and yet now, as a gift, a hovering borne by the forces of summer had taken the place of vexation and disgust. She said to Ulrich gratefully: "You have made me what I am because you love mel"
Their hands, which had been intertwined, had disengaged themselves and were now just touching with their fingertips; these hands awakened to consciousness again, and Ulrich grasped his sister's with his own. "You have changed me completely," he responded. "Perhaps I have had some influence on you, but it was only you who were, so to speak, flow- ing through mel"
Agathe nestled her hand in the hand that embraced it. "You really don't know me at all! " she said.
"Knowing people is of no consequence to me," Ulrich replied. "The only thing one ought to know about a person is whether he makes our thoughts fruitful. There shouldn't be any other way of knowing people! "
Agathe asked: "But then how am I real? "
FromthePosthurrwusPapers · 1531
"You're not real at all! " Ulrich said with a laugh. "I see you the way I need you, and you make me see what I need. Who can say so casually where the first and fundamental impulse lies? We are a ribbon floating in the air. "
Agathe laughed, and asked: "So if I disappoint you it will be your fault? "
"No doubt! " Ulrich said. "For there are heights where it makes no sense to discriminate between 'I have been mistaken in you' and 'I have been mistaken in myself. ' For instance, the heights of faith, of love, of magnanimity. Whoever acts from magnanimity, or, as it can also be called, from greatness, doesn't ask about illusion, or about certainty ei- ther. There are some things he may even not want to know; he dares the leap over falsehood. "
"Couldn't you also be magnanimous toward Professor Lindner? " Agathe asked rather surprisingly, for ordinarily she never spoke o f Lind- ner unless her brother brought up his name. Ulrich knew that she was holding something back. It was not exactly that she was concealing that she had some sort of relationship with Undner, but she did not say what it was. He more or less guessed it and, with some displeasure, ac- quiesced in the necessity of allowing Agathe to go her own way. The instant that, for God knows what reasons, such a question sprang from her lips, Agathe had immediately realized once more how ill the term "Professor Lindner" accorded with the term "magnanimity. " She felt that in some way or other, magnanimity could not be professed, much as she felt that Lindner was good in some unpleasant way. Ulrich was si- lent. She sought to look into his face, and when he turned it away as far as he could, she plucked his sleeve. She used his sleeve as a bell rope until Ulrich's laughing countenance again appeared in the domway of grief and he delivered a small admonishing speech on how the person who in his magnanimity too soon abandons the firm ground of reality can easily become ridiculous. But that not only related to Agathe's readi- ness for magnanimity in relation to the dubious Lindner, but also di- rected a scruple at that true and not-to-be-deceived sensibility in which truth and error signify far less than the enduring emanation of the emo- tions and their power to seize everything for themselves.
1532
49
MUSINGS
Since that scene, Ulrich thought he was being borne fmward; but really all that could be said was that something new and incomprehensible had been added, which he perceived, however, as an increase in reality. He was acting perhaps a little like a person who has seen his opinions in print and is ever after convinced of their incontrovertibility; however he might smile at this, he was incapable of changing it. And just as he had been about to draw his conclusions from the millennia! book, or perhaps he merely wanted once more to express his astonishment, Agathe had retaliated and cut offthe discussion by exclaiming: 'We've already spent enough time talking about this! " How Ulrich felt that Agathe was always in the right, even when she wasn't! For although nothing could be less the case than that there had been enough discussion between them- not to mention anything true or decisive--indeed, precisely such a sav- ing event or magic formula for which one might have initially hoped had not materialized; yet he knew, too, that the problems that had domi- nated his life for the better part of a year were now bunched together dense and compact around him, and not in a rational but in a dynamic fashion. Just as if there would soon be enough talk about them, even if the answer did not happen to come out in words.
He could not even altogether remember what he had thought and said about these problems over the course of time; indeed, he was far from being able to do so. He had doubtless set out to converse about them with all mankind; but it lay, too, in the nature ofthe reproach itself that nothing one could say about it was joined in a forward-looking way to anything else but that everything was as widely scattered as it was connected. The same movement of the mind, clearly distinguished from the ordinary, arose again and again, and the treasure of the things it reached out to include grew; but no matter what Ulrich might remind himself of, it was always as far from one inspiration to a second as it would have been to a third, and nowhere did a dominant assertion emerge. In this way he recalled, too, that a similar "equally far," of the kind that was now almost burdensomely and depressingly affecting his thoughts, had once existed in the most inspiring way between himself and the whole world around him: an apparent or actual suspension of the spirit of separation, indeed almost of the spirit of space. That had
From the Posthurrwus Papers · 1 5 3 3
been in the very first years of his manhood, on the island where he had taken refuge from the major's wife but with her image in his heart. He had probably described it in almost the same words too. Everything had been changed in an incomprehensibly visual way through a condition of fullness oflove, as if all he had known previously had been a condition of impoverishment. Even pain was happiness. His happiness, too, almost pain. Everything was leaning toward him, suspended. It seemed that all things knew about him, and he about them; that all beings knew about each other, and yet that there was no such thing as knowing at all, but that love, with its attributes of swelling fullness and ripening promise, ruled this island as the one and perfect law. He had later used this often enough as a model, with slight changes, and in recent weeks, too, he might have been able to refresh this description to some extent; it was by no means difficult to go on in it, and the more one did so without think- ing, the more fruitful it turned out to be. But it was precisely this indefi- niteness that now meant the most to him. For if his thoughts were connected in such a way that nothing of substance could be added to them which they would not have absorbed, the way an arriving person disappears into a crowd, still that only proved their similarity to the emo- tions by which they had been summoned into Ulrich's life the first time; and this correspondence of an alteration of the sphere of the senses, ex- perienced now a second time through Agathe, which seemed to affect the world with an altered way of thinking-of which it might also be said that it catches the wind in infinite dreams without stirring from the spot and had already exhausted itself once in the process! -this remarkable correspondence, to which Ulrich was only today fully attentive, inspired in him courage and apprehension. He still recalled that on that earlier occasion he had used the expression of having come to the heart of the world. Was there such a thing? Was it really anything more than a cir- cumlocution? Only by excluding his brain was he inclined to mysticism's claim that one must give up one's self; but did he not have to admit to himself just for that reason that he did not know much more about this than he had before?
He walked farther along these expanses, which nowhere seemed to offer access to their depths. Another time he had called this "the right life"; probably not long ago, if he was not mistaken; and certainly if he had been asked earlier what he was up to, even when he was busy with his most precise work he would ordinarily not have found any answer except to say that it was a preliminary study for the right life. Not to think about it was simply impossible. Of course one could not say what it should look like-indeed, not even if there was such a thing-and per- haps it was just one of those ideas that are more a badge of truth than a
1534 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
truth; but a life without meaning, a life that obeyed only the so-called necessities, and their contingency disguised as necessity, in other words a life lived eternally moment to moment-and here again an expression occurred to him that he had once made up: the futility of the centu- ries! -such a life was for him a simply unbearable idea! But no less un- bearable than a life "for something," that sterility of highways shaded by milestones amid unsurveyed expanses. He might call all that a life preceding the discovery of morality. For that, too, was one of his views, that morality is not made by people and does not change with them but is revealed; that it unfolds in seasons and zones and can actually be dis- covered. This idea, which was as out of fashion as it was current, ex- pressed perhaps nothing but the demand that morality, too, have a morality, or the expectation that it have one hidden away, and that mo- rality was not simply tittle-tattle revolving on itself on a planet circling to the point ofimplosion. Ofcourse he had never believed that what such a demand contained could be discovered all at once; it merely seemed to him desirable to think ofit at times, which is to say at a time that seemed propitious and relatively accommodating, after some thousands of cen- turies of aimless circling of the question, whether there was not some experience that might be derived from it. But then, what did he really know about it even now? On the whole, nothing more than that this group of problems, too, had in the course of his life been subjected to the same law or fate as the other groups, which closed ranks in all direc- tions without forming a center.
Ofcourse he knew more about it! For instance, that to philosophize as he was doing was considered horribly facile, and at this moment he fer- vently wished to be able to refute this error. He knew, too, how one goes about such a thing: he had some acquaintance with the history of thought; he could have found in it similar efforts and how they had been contested, with bitterness or mockingly or calmly; he could have or- dered his material, arranged it, he could have secured a firm footing and reached beyond himself. For a while he painfully recalled his earlier in- dustriousness, and especially that frame of mind that came to him so naturally that it had once even earned him the derisive appellation of "activist. " Was he then no longer the person constantly haunted by the idea that one must work toward the "ordering of the whole"? Had he not, with a certain stubbornness, compared the world to a "laboratory," an "experimental community"; had he never spoken of"mankind's neg- ligent condition ofconsciousness," which needed to be transformed into will; demanded that one had to "make" history; had he not, finally, even ifit had been only ironically, actually called for a "General Secretariat of Precision and Soul"? That was not forgotten, for one cannot suddenly
From the Posthumous Papers · 1535
change oneself; it was merely suspended for the moment! There was also no mistaking where the reason lay. Ulrich had never kept accounts on his ideas; but even if he had been able to remember them all at the same time, he knew that it would have been impossible for him to simply take them up, compare them, test them for possible explanations, and so, ultimately, bring forth from the vapors the little tissue-thin metal leaf oftruth. It was a peculiarity ofthis way ofthinking that it did not contain any progress toward truth; and although Ulrich basically assumed that such progress might sometime, through a slow and infinite process, be brought about in the totality, this did not console him, for he no longer had the patience to let himself be outlived by whatever it was to which he was contributing something, like an ant. For the longest time his ideas had not stood on the best footing with truth, and this now seemed to him again the question most urgently in need of illumination.
But this brought him back once again to the opposition between truth and love, which for him was nothing new. It occurred to him how often in recent weeks Agathe had laughed at his, for her taste much too pe- dantic, love of truth; and sometimes it must also have caused her grief! And suddenly he found himself thinking that there is really no more contradictory term than "love oftruth. " "For one can raise truth up high in God knows how many ways, but love it you can't, because truth dis- solves in love," he thought. And this assertion, by no means the same as the fainthearted one that love cannot bear the truth, was for him as fa- miliar and unachievable as everything else. The moment a person en- counters love not as an experience but as life itself, or at least as a kind of life, he knows several truths. The person who judges without love calls this opinions, personal views, subjectivity, caprice; but the person who loves knows that he is not insensitive to truth, but oversensitive. He finds himselfin a kind ofenthusiasm ofthinking, where the words open them- selves up to their very core. Ofcourse that can be an illusion, the natural consequence of an all too excitedly involved emotion, and Ulrich took that into account. Truth arises when the blood is cold; emotion is to be deducted from it; and to expect to find truth where something is "a mat- ter offeeling" is, according to all experience, just as perverse as demand- ing justice from wrath. Nevertheless, there was incontestably some general content, a participation in being and truth, that distinguished love "as life itself" from love as individual experience. And Ulrich now reflected on how clearly the difficulties that ordering his life presented to him were always connected with this notion of a superpowerful love that, so to speak, overstepped its bounds. From the lieutenant who sank into the heart of the world to the Ulrich of this past year, with his more or less assertive conviction that there are two fundamentally distinct and
1536 · THE MAN WITHOUT QUALITIES
badly integrated conditions oflife, conditions ofthe self, indeed perhaps even conditions of the world, the fragments of recollection, so far as he was able to call them to mind, were all in some form connected with the desire for love, tenderness, and gardenlike, struggle-free fields of the soul. In these expanses lay, too, the idea of the "right life"; as empty as it might be in the bright light of reason, it was richly filled by the emotions with half-hom shadows.
It was not at all pleasant for him to encounter so unequivocally this preference for love in his thinking; he had really expected that there were more and different things his thinking would have absorbed, and that shocks such as those of the past year would have carried their vibra- tions in different directions; indeed, it seemed to him really strange that the conqueror, then the engineer of morality, that he had expected him- selfto be in his energetic years should have finally matured into a moon- ing seeker of love.
CLARISSE I WALTER I ULRICH MID 1920S
CL A RISSE
Ulrich did not think about Walter and Clarisse. Then one morning he was urgently called to the telephone: Walter. Why didn't he come out to see them; they knew he was back. A lot had changed, they were waiting for his visit.
Ulrich declined with the curt excuse that after his long absence he had a lot ofwork to do.
To his surprise, Walter appeared soon afterward; he had taken off from work. The manner in which he inquired after Agathe and the expe- riences of the trip gave the impression of uncertainty or embarrassment; he seemed to know more than he wanted to let on. Finally, the words came out. He had only now realized that it is insanity to doubt the faith- fulness of a woman one loves. One has to be able to let oneself be de- ceived but know how to be deceived in a fruitful way; for example: he had been wrong to be jealous of Ulrich-
- A h , so he's talking about Clarisse, Ulrich said to himself, suddenly breathing easier.
-W rong-W alter went on---even if of course he had never thought of it in any terms other than as mental unfaithfulness; but it hurt so much to have to admit the simple bodily empathy.
- O f course, of course. Ulrich nodded.
-Meingast has left, Walter added.
Ulrich looked up; it really didn't interest him, but he had the feeling
that this was something new. "Why? "
Simply, it had been time. But for several days afterward Clarisse had
been out of sorts in a way that gave grounds for anxiety. A real depres- sion. But that was just it; that was what first made him grasp the whole business. Imagine--Walter said-that you love a woman, and you meet
1538 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
a man you admire, and you see that your wife loves and admires him too; and both ofyou feel that this man is far superior to you, unreachable-
-That I can't imagine. Ulrich raised his shoulders with a laugh. Wal- ter looked at him with annoyance; both friends felt that they were simu- lating an old game they had often played with each other.
-Don't pretend, Walter said. -You're not so swellheaded to the point of insensitivity that you believe no one is better than you!
-A ll right. The formulation is false. Who is objectively superior? En- gineer A or Aesthetician B, a master wrestler or a sprinter? Let's drop that. So you're saying that a person becomes emotionally dependent on someone and the beloved does too: then what happens? You would have to play along with her role as well as your own. The man plays the man's role and the woman's role; the woman has womanly feelings for the su- perior man and a more manly inclination for her earlier and still-loved lover. So this gives rise to something hermaphroditic, doesn't it? Assum- ing that no jealousy is involved. A spiritual intertwining of three people, which appears mysterious, and at times almost mystic? God on six legs.
Ulrich had improvised this reflection and was himself astonished at the conclusion it had involuntarily reached. Walter looked at him in sur- prise. He did not agree-again there was too much intellect in it-but Ulrich had come surprisingly close to the truth, and Walter admired the rightness of Clarisse's instinct when she had asked that Ulrich be let in on what was going on. He now began to talk a little. -Y es, Clarisse had been swept away by Meingast, and quite rightly, since only a new com- munity of wills and hearts that embraced more than just one couple would be capable of again forging a humanity out of chaos. These ideas had had a powerful effect on her. After Meingast had left she had con- fessed to Walter: the whole time he had been there-he had really changed in a strange way-she had continually been bothered by the idea that he had taken her and Walter's sins upon himself and overcome them; it only sounds crazy, Walter said defensively, but it isn't at all, for he and Clarisse . . . behind their conflicts one finds everywhere a patho- logical disorder of the age. She would now like to speak to Ulrich on Moosbrugger's account.
Ulrich was astonished. What brings the two ofyou to Moosbrugger?
Well. Moosbrugger is of course only a chance encounter. But when one has once come into contact with something like that one can't at the same time just ignore it.
Look, you talked with Clarisse about it yourself a couple of times. Before. How can you forget something like that?
Ulrich shrugged his shoulders, but the next morning went to see Clarisse.
From the Posthumous Papers · 1539
He felt that one of the two things was not to his taste. He had not thought of Moosbrugger for weeks; yet earlier Moosbrugger had for a time been a point of orientation in his thinking! And after he had thought this over for a while he noticed that once again Clarisse had suddenly managed to fasten onto him with this delicate claw, although he had already become indifferent to her, indeed even found her repul- sive. He was curious about what it was Clarisse wanted. \Vhen he saw her, he knew that he would do something for Moosbrugger in order to get out of the anxious, reproachful, and unsettled state he was in on ac- count of Agathe. \Vhen Ulrich came in she was standing at the window, her hands crossed in front ofher hips, legs spread apart as ifplaying ball. It was a habitual stance ofhers, from which her smile emerged with par- adoxical charm.
-Our destinies are interwoven-she said-yours and mine. Did Walter tell you? she began. Ulrich replied that he had not quite under- stood what Walter was after. I must see Moosbrugger! Clarisse said. After greeting him she held his hand in hers, moving his index finger downward, as if unintentionally. - I can influence such destinies, she added vaguely.
In the intervening time some quite specific constellation ofideas must have formed in her; one felt it by the way the walls pulsated. With no other person Ulrich knew did everything internal become so physical as with Clarisse, and this, too, doubtless explained her extraordinary ability to impart her excitement to others.
Her brother had already been won over to the idea, Clarisse related. He was a physician. Ulrich could not stand him. Because as a child of the Wagner craze he had been baptized "Wotan" [Siegfried], he be- lieved everyone would think he was Jewish, and emphasized in equal measure his distaste for Jews and music. He had another peculiarity. Since he had grown up among their other friends, he had found him- self when young compelled to read Baudelaire, Dostoyevsky, Huys- mans, and Peter Altenberg, to whom at that time the spiritual expressiveness of youth was attuned, and when in later years this style eroded and his own nature came to the fore, there arose a quite pecu- liar mishmash ofjleurs du TTUZl and provincial hymns to the Alps. He had come to visit his sister today too, and Clarisse said that he was working somewhere in the garden or in the (adjoining) vineyards. Since even his proximity was enough to put Ulrich out of sorts, he re- sponded with some disappointment. But Clarisse seemed to have been expecting this. "We need him," she said, and tried to give this sen- tence an emphasis from the back of her eyes, as if to mean: it's really too bad he's bothering us, even if we're lucky that Walter isn't here
1540 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
(but it has to be! ) -Be reasonable, Ulrich said: -Why do you want to see Moosbrugger?
Clarisse went and shut the door, which was open. Then she asked a question: Do you understand railway accidents? (One never happens because a locomotive engineer deliberately rams his engine into another train. ) Well, they all happen because in the confusing network of tracks, switches, signals, and commands, fatigue makes a person lose the power of conscience. He would only have needed to check one more time whether he was doing the right thing . . . isn't that right?
Ulrich shrugged his shoulders.
- S o the accident comes about because one allows something to hap- pen, Clarisse went on. She cautiously closed her fangs around Ulrich's hand, smiled in embarrassment, and drilled her glance into his the way one drives a thumbtack into wood. -That's right, Ulrich, I see it in Wal- ter! (You already know what. ) (Every time I've yielded we were de- stroyed. We just didn't know that in doing it we were drinking a drop of the greatest poison in the world. )
- O h ? Ulrich said. - S o it's like that again between you?
Clarisse flashed at him from her eyes, pulled out the thumbtack again, and nodded.
- I t is and it isn't; I'm already a lot further. What's the extreme oppo- site ofletting things happen; that one yields to . . . impressing? You un- derstand, he wants to impress; nothing else! She did not wait for a response. - T o make a mark! she said. Her tiny figure had been striding up and down the room with supple energy, her hands at her back; now she stopped and sought with her eyes to hold fast to Ulrich's, for the words she was now searching for made her mind somewhat unsteady. - T o inscribe himself, I'm saying. Lately I've discovered something else that's really uncanny, it sounds so simple: Half our life is expression. (The) impressions are nothing. A heap of earthworms! When do you un- derstand a piece of music? When you yourself create it inwardly! When do you understand a person? When for a moment you make yourselfjust like him! In art, in politics, but also in love, we're trying painfully to ex- press ourselves. We re-deem ourselves to the outside. You see-with her hand she described an acute angle lying horizontally, which involun- tarily reminded Ulrich of a phallus-like this. That is the expression; the active form ofour existence, the pointed form, the- She became quite excited by the effort to make herself understandable to Ulrich. Ulrich must have been rather taken aback, for Clarisse went on to declare: -That's already in the words re-deem and redemption, both, the "deeming" and the active "re-" Now you understand, of course one has to practice it, but ultimately everything will be like an arrow.
From the Posthumous Papers · 1541
-Dear Clarisse-Ulrich pleaded-please speak so that I can under- standyou.
/Continuation: The Dionysiac. The murderer/
At this moment Siegfried came in. Ulrich had not interrupted Cla- risse. She had nonetheless retreated and was standing excitedly, as if he were crowding her, against the wall. Ulrich was accustomed to how hard it was for her to find the right words and how she often tried to seize them with her whole body, so that the meaning for which the words were lacking lay in the movement. But this time he was a little aston- ished. Clarisse, however, was not yet satisfied, there was still something she had to say. -Y ou know, if I'm unfaithful to him-or let's assume anyway that he is to me--then it's like digging into one's own raw flesh. Then you can't do anything that doesn't cut deep. Then you can't talk about that table over there without there being a feeling of bleeding. A smile forced its way through her excitement because Siegfried was lis- tening, but Siegfried was watching her calmly, as if it were a gymnastics exercise. He had taken off his jacket while working, and his hands and shoes were full of dirt. He had been accustomed since Clarisse's mar- riage to be the confidant of surprising secrets, and used a glance at his watch to urge haste in a businesslike way. Ulrich felt that this last gesture was directed very much at him.
Clarisse quickly changed her dress. The door remained open, and it hardly seemed accidental that he could see her, standing among her skirts like a boy. Siegfried was saying: - T h e assistant at the clinic was a fellow student. - Y o u don't say, Ulrich said. - W h a t do you really want ofhim? Siegfried shrugged his shoulders. -Either this Moosbrugger is mentally ill or he's a criminal. That's correct. But if Clarisse imagines that she can help him . . . ? I'm a doctor, and I also have to let the hospi- tal chaplain imagine the same thing. Redeem! she says. Well, why shouldn't she at least see him there? Siegfried went through his calm routine, brushed off his pants and shoes, and washed his hands. Looking at him, it was hard to believe his broad, modishly trimmed mustache. Then they drove to the clinic. Ulrich was in a state in which he would, without resisting, have let far crazier things happen to him.
1542 · THE MAN WITHOUT QUALITIES
The physician to whom Wotan conducted them was an artist in his profession.
This is something that exists in every profession that depends on working with one's head and consists of unsatisfied emotions.
In earlier decades there were photographers who placed the leg of the person to be immortalized on a cardboard boulder; today they strip him naked and have him emote at the sunset; at that time they were wearing curled beards and flowing neckties, today they are clean-shaven and un- derline their art's organ of procreation-in precisely the same way a naked African emphasizes her pudenda with a loincloth of mussel shells-by means of glasses. But there were also such artists in the sciences, on the General Staff, and in industry. In such professions they are considered interesting not-just-experts and often, too, as liberators from the narrowness of the craft. In, for instance, the biology of the gen- eral doctrine oflife, it has been discovered that mechanical, dead, causal explanations and functional laws are inadequate, and that life has to be explained by life or, as they call it, the life force; and in the War they sacrificed entire divisions, or had the population of whole regions shot, because they were generous I thought they owed something to a certain heroic generosity.
With doctors, this romanticism often takes only the harmless form of the family adviser who prescribes marriage, automobile trips, and thea- ter tickets, or advises a neurasthenic who is deeply depressed by his fail- ing business not to pay any attention to the business for a period of two months. It was only psychiatry that occupied a special position, for in science the slighter the success in precision, the greater, generally speaking, is the artistic component, and up until a few years ago psychia- try was by far the most artistic of all modem sciences, with a literature as ingenious as that of theology and a success rate that could not be dis- cerned in the earthly realm here below I was to be as little discerned here below as theology's. Its representatives were therefore often I fre- quently I, and today to some extent still are, great artists, and Dr. Fried, Wotan's university friend, was one of these. If one asked him about the prospects for a cure he would dismiss it with an ironic or a fatigued ges- ture, while on the other hand there was always lying on his desk a cleanly prepared and beautifully dyed section of brain on a slide, beside the mi- croscope through which he would look into the incomprehensible astral world of cell tissue, and on his face there was the expression of a man practicing a black art, a notorious but admired craft that brings him into daily contact with the incomprehensible and with depraved desires. His black hair was plastered down demoniacally, as if it would otherwise
From the Posthumous Papers · 1543
stand on end; his movements were soft and unnatural, and his eyes those of a cardsharp, hypnotist, master detective, gravedigger, or hangman.
Of the three visitors, he devoted himself from the beginning exclu- sively to Clarisse. He showed Ulrich the least possible politeness. Since this left Ulrich free to obsetve him in peace and with annoyance, he soon discovered the man's major points. Clarisse, on the other hand, who from the beginning regarded her desire as fulfilled, was charging ahead too impetuously, and as clinical assistant and instructor, Dr. Fried saw himself compelled to raise obstacles. Clarisse was a woman and not a doctor, and science demands strictly circumscribed limits. Wotan wanted to assume the responsibility of having his sister let in with false documents. But since this was stated openly, the assistant could only smile wearily. -Since we aren't doctors-Ulrich asked-couldn't we be a pair ofwriters, who for research purposes . . . ? The doctor dismissed this with a gesture: - I f you were Zola and Selma Lagerlof I would be charmed by your visit, which ofcourse I am anyway, but here only scien- tific interests are recognized. Unless-he made a smiling gesture of yielding-the ambassadors of your countries had made application for you to the administration of the clinic.
-Then I know what we can do, Ulrich said: -We'll invent some charitable motivation. If the lady is not permitted to see the patients, she can at least visit the prisoner. It's no trouble for me to get her the legitimation of a charitable organization and permission of the district court.
-That would be fine. Come here to my official residence; the best time would be after the Chief Physician's rounds. As long as you're in my company nobody would, of course, think of asking to see your creden- tials. But naturally I have to have a cover for my conscience.
Clarisse, excited by the difficulties that had to be overcome, beamed, and Dr. Fried spoke of his conscience at the last in a highly patronizing way, rather in the tone of a prince giving an order to the lowest of his subjects.
About a week passed.
Clarisse was as excited as a neiVOus child in the week before Christ- mas. It gave the impression that she was imparting a symbolic impor- tance to her encounter with Moosbrugger, like the meeting of two rulers.
- I believe I have the strength to help him when I see him, she as- serted.
1544 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
Why don't you take him a sausage instead-Ulrich answered-and cigarettes.
Wotan laughed and proffered a medical joke; but afteiWard he again gave the impression of being grateful for the greater energy that ra- diated into his darkness from Clarisse's ideas, like a thunderstorm below the horizon.
Clarisse was tinglingly strengthened when she felt her influence over him.
- I f you had first met him a hundred years ago, you would have fallen weeping on his breast, Ulrich remarked.
Wotan of course added that at that time the emotions were not as disturbed as they are today.
-Quite the contrary, Ulrich maintained. -All the weeping and em- bracing was a sign that people never really possessed these emotions; that'swhytheywereforced. Isn'tittrue-heturnedtoWotan-thatthis is the same mechanism as in hysteria?
Wotan made a joke about his wife, who he said was hysterical, and all the medical theories he had no idea what to do with. He already had three children.
-When she's playing the piano fortissimo-Walter defended Cla- risse-when she's excited and has tears in her eyes: isn't she absolutely right in refusing to get on the streetcar, travel to the clinic, and behave there as if it had been 'just music' and not real tears?
He had, incidentally, excluded himself and did not go along to the clinic.
-She's completely wrong, Ulrich responded. -For Moosbrugger's sentiments toward a sausage are unaffected and healthy, while on the other hand, Clarisse's importunate behavior will only make him regret not being able to plunge a knife into her belly.
'We've heard that often," Agathe replied with pleasantly dry irony. "But it's apparently not simple to be good in the good way! "
"No, loving is not simple! " Ulrich echoed, laughing.
They lay there looking into the blue heights of the sun; then again through the fence at the street, which, to their eyes dazzled by the sunny sky, was spinning in a hazily excited gray. Silence descended. The feel- ings of self-confidence that the conversation had raised were slowly transformed into an undercutting, indeed an abduction, of the self. Ul- rich related softly: "I've invented a magnificent sham pair of concepts: 'egocentric and allocentric. ' The world oflove is experienced either ego-
1528 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
centrically or allocentrically; but the ordinary world knows only egotism and altruism, a coupled pair that, by comparison, are quarrelsomely ra- tional. Being egocentric means feeling as ifone were carrying the center of the world in the center of one's self. Being allocentric means not hav- ing a center at all anymore. Participating totally in the world and not laying anything by for oneself. At its highest stage, simply ceasing to be. I could also say: turning the world inward and the self outward. They are the ecstasies of selfishness and selflessness. And although ecstasy ap- pears to be an outgrowth of healthy life, one can evidently say as well that the moral notions of healthy life are a stunted vestige of what were originally ecstatic ones. "
Agathe thought: "Moonlit night . . . two miles . . . " And much else drifted through her mind as well. What Ulrich was telling her was one more version of all that; she did not have the impression that she would be losing anything if she did not pay really close attention, although she lis\ened gladly. Then she thought of Lindner's asserting that one had to live for something and could not think of oneself, and she asked herself whether that, too, would be "allocentric. " Losing oneself in a task, as he demanded? She was skeptical. Pious people have enthusiastically pressed their lips to lepers' sores: a loathsome idea! an "exaggeration that is an affront to life," as Lindner liked to call it. But what he did consider pleasing to God, erecting a hospital, left her cold. Thus it hap- pened that she now plucked her brother by the sleeve and interrupted him with the words: "Our man has shown up again! " For partly out of fun, partly from habit, they had fastened on a particularly unpleasant man to use for their mental experiment. This was a beggar who con- ducted his business for a while every day in front of their garden fence. He treated the stone base as a bench that was awaiting him; every day he first spread out beside himself a greasy paper with some leftover food on it, with which he casually regaled himself before putting on his business expression and packing away the rest. He was a stocky man with thick, iron-gray hair, had the pasty, spiteful face of an alcoholic, and had de- fended his location a number of times with great rudeness when other beggars unsuspectingly came near: Ulrich and Agathe hated this para- site who offended against their property-and further refined what was proper to them, their loneliness-hated him with a primitive instinct of possessiveness that made them laugh, because it seemed to them totally illicit; and for just that reason they used this ugly, spiteful guest for their boldest and most dubious conjurations of loving one's neighbor.
Hardly had they caught sight ofhim than Ulrich said, laughing: "Ire- peat: I f you just, as people say, imagine yourself in this situation or feel any kind of vague sense of social responsibility for him-indeed, even if
From the Posthurrwus Papers · 1529
you only see him as a picturesque, tattered painting-there's already a small percentage of the genuine 'putting oneself in another's place. ' Now you have to try it one hundred percent! "
With a smile, Agathe shook her head.
"Imagine you were in accord with this man about everything the way you are with yourself," Ulrich proposed.
Agathe protested. "I've never been in accord with myself! "
"But you will be then," Ulrich said. He took her hand.
Agathe let it happen and looked at the beggar. She became strangely
serious and after a while declared: "He's stranger to me than death. " Ulrich enclosed her hand in his more completely and asked again:
"Please try! "
After a while Agathe said: "I feel as if I'm hanging on this figure; I
myself, and not just my curiosity! " From the tension of concentration, and its focus on a single object, her face had taken on the involuntary expression of a sleepwalker.
Ulrich helped out: "It's like in a dream? Raw-sweet, alien-self, en- countering oneself in the shape of another? "
Agathe dismissed this with a smile. "No, it's certainly not as enchant- ingly sensual as it is in such dreams," she said.
Ulrich's eyes rested on her face. "Try, as it were, to dream him! " he counseled persuadingly. "Cautious hoarders, in our waking state we consist mostly of giving out and taking back; we participate, and in doing so preserve ourselves. But in dreams we have a trembling intimation of how glorious a world is that consists entirely of prodigality! "
"That may be so," Agathe answered hesitantly and distractedly. Her eyes remained fixed on the man. "Thank God," she said slowly after a while, "he's become an ordinary monster again! " The man had got up, gathered his things together, and left. "He was getting uncomfortable! " Ulrich claimed, laughing. When he fell silent, the constant noise of the street rose and mingled with the sunshine in a peculiar feeling of still- ness. After a while Ulrich asked pensively: "Isn't it strange that almost every single person knows himself least of all and loves himself most? It's evidently a protective mechanism. And 'Love thy neighbor as thy- self' means in this fashion too: love him without knowing him, before you know him, although you know him. I can understand one's taking this merely for an extreme expression, but I doubt that it will satisfy the challenge; for, pursued seriously, it asks: love him without your reason. And so an apparently everyday demand, if taken literally, turns into an ecstatic one! "
Agathe responded: "Truly, the 'monster' was almost beautiful! " Ulrich said: "I think one not only loves something because it's beauti-
1530 · THE MAN WITHOUT QUALITIES
ful, but it's also beautiful because one loves it. Beauty is nothing but a way of saying that something has been loved; the beauty of all art and of the world has its origin in the power of making a love comprehensible. "
Agathe thought of the men with whom she had spent her life. The feeling offirst being overshadowed by a strange being, and then opening one's eyes in this shadow, is strange. She pictured it to herself. Was it not alien, almost hostile things that fused together in the kiss of two lives? The bodies remained unitedly separated. Thinking of them, you feel the repulsive and ugly with undiminished force. As horror, even. You are also certain that spiritually you have nothing to do with each other. The disparity and separation of the persons involved is painfully clear. If there had been some illusion of a secret accord, a sameness or likeness, this was the moment it vanished like a mist. No, you weren't under the least illusion, Agathe thought to herself. And yet the sense of an inde- pendent self is partially extinguished, the self is broken; and amid signs signifying an act of violence no less than a sweet sacrifice, it submits to its new state. All of that causes a "skin rash"? Doubtless the other ways ofloving are not able to do as much. Perhaps Agathe had so often felt the inclination to love men she didn't like because this is when this remark- able transformation happens most irrationally. And the remarkable power of attraction that Lindner had lately exercised on her signified nothing else, that she did not doubt. But she haidly knew that this was what she was thinking about; Ulrich, too, had once confessed that he often loved what he didn't like, and she thought she was thinking of him. She recalled that all her life she had believed only in surroundings that rushed past, with the hopeless hope that they could remain the same; she had never been able to change herself by her own volition, and yet now, as a gift, a hovering borne by the forces of summer had taken the place of vexation and disgust. She said to Ulrich gratefully: "You have made me what I am because you love mel"
Their hands, which had been intertwined, had disengaged themselves and were now just touching with their fingertips; these hands awakened to consciousness again, and Ulrich grasped his sister's with his own. "You have changed me completely," he responded. "Perhaps I have had some influence on you, but it was only you who were, so to speak, flow- ing through mel"
Agathe nestled her hand in the hand that embraced it. "You really don't know me at all! " she said.
"Knowing people is of no consequence to me," Ulrich replied. "The only thing one ought to know about a person is whether he makes our thoughts fruitful. There shouldn't be any other way of knowing people! "
Agathe asked: "But then how am I real? "
FromthePosthurrwusPapers · 1531
"You're not real at all! " Ulrich said with a laugh. "I see you the way I need you, and you make me see what I need. Who can say so casually where the first and fundamental impulse lies? We are a ribbon floating in the air. "
Agathe laughed, and asked: "So if I disappoint you it will be your fault? "
"No doubt! " Ulrich said. "For there are heights where it makes no sense to discriminate between 'I have been mistaken in you' and 'I have been mistaken in myself. ' For instance, the heights of faith, of love, of magnanimity. Whoever acts from magnanimity, or, as it can also be called, from greatness, doesn't ask about illusion, or about certainty ei- ther. There are some things he may even not want to know; he dares the leap over falsehood. "
"Couldn't you also be magnanimous toward Professor Lindner? " Agathe asked rather surprisingly, for ordinarily she never spoke o f Lind- ner unless her brother brought up his name. Ulrich knew that she was holding something back. It was not exactly that she was concealing that she had some sort of relationship with Undner, but she did not say what it was. He more or less guessed it and, with some displeasure, ac- quiesced in the necessity of allowing Agathe to go her own way. The instant that, for God knows what reasons, such a question sprang from her lips, Agathe had immediately realized once more how ill the term "Professor Lindner" accorded with the term "magnanimity. " She felt that in some way or other, magnanimity could not be professed, much as she felt that Lindner was good in some unpleasant way. Ulrich was si- lent. She sought to look into his face, and when he turned it away as far as he could, she plucked his sleeve. She used his sleeve as a bell rope until Ulrich's laughing countenance again appeared in the domway of grief and he delivered a small admonishing speech on how the person who in his magnanimity too soon abandons the firm ground of reality can easily become ridiculous. But that not only related to Agathe's readi- ness for magnanimity in relation to the dubious Lindner, but also di- rected a scruple at that true and not-to-be-deceived sensibility in which truth and error signify far less than the enduring emanation of the emo- tions and their power to seize everything for themselves.
1532
49
MUSINGS
Since that scene, Ulrich thought he was being borne fmward; but really all that could be said was that something new and incomprehensible had been added, which he perceived, however, as an increase in reality. He was acting perhaps a little like a person who has seen his opinions in print and is ever after convinced of their incontrovertibility; however he might smile at this, he was incapable of changing it. And just as he had been about to draw his conclusions from the millennia! book, or perhaps he merely wanted once more to express his astonishment, Agathe had retaliated and cut offthe discussion by exclaiming: 'We've already spent enough time talking about this! " How Ulrich felt that Agathe was always in the right, even when she wasn't! For although nothing could be less the case than that there had been enough discussion between them- not to mention anything true or decisive--indeed, precisely such a sav- ing event or magic formula for which one might have initially hoped had not materialized; yet he knew, too, that the problems that had domi- nated his life for the better part of a year were now bunched together dense and compact around him, and not in a rational but in a dynamic fashion. Just as if there would soon be enough talk about them, even if the answer did not happen to come out in words.
He could not even altogether remember what he had thought and said about these problems over the course of time; indeed, he was far from being able to do so. He had doubtless set out to converse about them with all mankind; but it lay, too, in the nature ofthe reproach itself that nothing one could say about it was joined in a forward-looking way to anything else but that everything was as widely scattered as it was connected. The same movement of the mind, clearly distinguished from the ordinary, arose again and again, and the treasure of the things it reached out to include grew; but no matter what Ulrich might remind himself of, it was always as far from one inspiration to a second as it would have been to a third, and nowhere did a dominant assertion emerge. In this way he recalled, too, that a similar "equally far," of the kind that was now almost burdensomely and depressingly affecting his thoughts, had once existed in the most inspiring way between himself and the whole world around him: an apparent or actual suspension of the spirit of separation, indeed almost of the spirit of space. That had
From the Posthurrwus Papers · 1 5 3 3
been in the very first years of his manhood, on the island where he had taken refuge from the major's wife but with her image in his heart. He had probably described it in almost the same words too. Everything had been changed in an incomprehensibly visual way through a condition of fullness oflove, as if all he had known previously had been a condition of impoverishment. Even pain was happiness. His happiness, too, almost pain. Everything was leaning toward him, suspended. It seemed that all things knew about him, and he about them; that all beings knew about each other, and yet that there was no such thing as knowing at all, but that love, with its attributes of swelling fullness and ripening promise, ruled this island as the one and perfect law. He had later used this often enough as a model, with slight changes, and in recent weeks, too, he might have been able to refresh this description to some extent; it was by no means difficult to go on in it, and the more one did so without think- ing, the more fruitful it turned out to be. But it was precisely this indefi- niteness that now meant the most to him. For if his thoughts were connected in such a way that nothing of substance could be added to them which they would not have absorbed, the way an arriving person disappears into a crowd, still that only proved their similarity to the emo- tions by which they had been summoned into Ulrich's life the first time; and this correspondence of an alteration of the sphere of the senses, ex- perienced now a second time through Agathe, which seemed to affect the world with an altered way of thinking-of which it might also be said that it catches the wind in infinite dreams without stirring from the spot and had already exhausted itself once in the process! -this remarkable correspondence, to which Ulrich was only today fully attentive, inspired in him courage and apprehension. He still recalled that on that earlier occasion he had used the expression of having come to the heart of the world. Was there such a thing? Was it really anything more than a cir- cumlocution? Only by excluding his brain was he inclined to mysticism's claim that one must give up one's self; but did he not have to admit to himself just for that reason that he did not know much more about this than he had before?
He walked farther along these expanses, which nowhere seemed to offer access to their depths. Another time he had called this "the right life"; probably not long ago, if he was not mistaken; and certainly if he had been asked earlier what he was up to, even when he was busy with his most precise work he would ordinarily not have found any answer except to say that it was a preliminary study for the right life. Not to think about it was simply impossible. Of course one could not say what it should look like-indeed, not even if there was such a thing-and per- haps it was just one of those ideas that are more a badge of truth than a
1534 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
truth; but a life without meaning, a life that obeyed only the so-called necessities, and their contingency disguised as necessity, in other words a life lived eternally moment to moment-and here again an expression occurred to him that he had once made up: the futility of the centu- ries! -such a life was for him a simply unbearable idea! But no less un- bearable than a life "for something," that sterility of highways shaded by milestones amid unsurveyed expanses. He might call all that a life preceding the discovery of morality. For that, too, was one of his views, that morality is not made by people and does not change with them but is revealed; that it unfolds in seasons and zones and can actually be dis- covered. This idea, which was as out of fashion as it was current, ex- pressed perhaps nothing but the demand that morality, too, have a morality, or the expectation that it have one hidden away, and that mo- rality was not simply tittle-tattle revolving on itself on a planet circling to the point ofimplosion. Ofcourse he had never believed that what such a demand contained could be discovered all at once; it merely seemed to him desirable to think ofit at times, which is to say at a time that seemed propitious and relatively accommodating, after some thousands of cen- turies of aimless circling of the question, whether there was not some experience that might be derived from it. But then, what did he really know about it even now? On the whole, nothing more than that this group of problems, too, had in the course of his life been subjected to the same law or fate as the other groups, which closed ranks in all direc- tions without forming a center.
Ofcourse he knew more about it! For instance, that to philosophize as he was doing was considered horribly facile, and at this moment he fer- vently wished to be able to refute this error. He knew, too, how one goes about such a thing: he had some acquaintance with the history of thought; he could have found in it similar efforts and how they had been contested, with bitterness or mockingly or calmly; he could have or- dered his material, arranged it, he could have secured a firm footing and reached beyond himself. For a while he painfully recalled his earlier in- dustriousness, and especially that frame of mind that came to him so naturally that it had once even earned him the derisive appellation of "activist. " Was he then no longer the person constantly haunted by the idea that one must work toward the "ordering of the whole"? Had he not, with a certain stubbornness, compared the world to a "laboratory," an "experimental community"; had he never spoken of"mankind's neg- ligent condition ofconsciousness," which needed to be transformed into will; demanded that one had to "make" history; had he not, finally, even ifit had been only ironically, actually called for a "General Secretariat of Precision and Soul"? That was not forgotten, for one cannot suddenly
From the Posthumous Papers · 1535
change oneself; it was merely suspended for the moment! There was also no mistaking where the reason lay. Ulrich had never kept accounts on his ideas; but even if he had been able to remember them all at the same time, he knew that it would have been impossible for him to simply take them up, compare them, test them for possible explanations, and so, ultimately, bring forth from the vapors the little tissue-thin metal leaf oftruth. It was a peculiarity ofthis way ofthinking that it did not contain any progress toward truth; and although Ulrich basically assumed that such progress might sometime, through a slow and infinite process, be brought about in the totality, this did not console him, for he no longer had the patience to let himself be outlived by whatever it was to which he was contributing something, like an ant. For the longest time his ideas had not stood on the best footing with truth, and this now seemed to him again the question most urgently in need of illumination.
But this brought him back once again to the opposition between truth and love, which for him was nothing new. It occurred to him how often in recent weeks Agathe had laughed at his, for her taste much too pe- dantic, love of truth; and sometimes it must also have caused her grief! And suddenly he found himself thinking that there is really no more contradictory term than "love oftruth. " "For one can raise truth up high in God knows how many ways, but love it you can't, because truth dis- solves in love," he thought. And this assertion, by no means the same as the fainthearted one that love cannot bear the truth, was for him as fa- miliar and unachievable as everything else. The moment a person en- counters love not as an experience but as life itself, or at least as a kind of life, he knows several truths. The person who judges without love calls this opinions, personal views, subjectivity, caprice; but the person who loves knows that he is not insensitive to truth, but oversensitive. He finds himselfin a kind ofenthusiasm ofthinking, where the words open them- selves up to their very core. Ofcourse that can be an illusion, the natural consequence of an all too excitedly involved emotion, and Ulrich took that into account. Truth arises when the blood is cold; emotion is to be deducted from it; and to expect to find truth where something is "a mat- ter offeeling" is, according to all experience, just as perverse as demand- ing justice from wrath. Nevertheless, there was incontestably some general content, a participation in being and truth, that distinguished love "as life itself" from love as individual experience. And Ulrich now reflected on how clearly the difficulties that ordering his life presented to him were always connected with this notion of a superpowerful love that, so to speak, overstepped its bounds. From the lieutenant who sank into the heart of the world to the Ulrich of this past year, with his more or less assertive conviction that there are two fundamentally distinct and
1536 · THE MAN WITHOUT QUALITIES
badly integrated conditions oflife, conditions ofthe self, indeed perhaps even conditions of the world, the fragments of recollection, so far as he was able to call them to mind, were all in some form connected with the desire for love, tenderness, and gardenlike, struggle-free fields of the soul. In these expanses lay, too, the idea of the "right life"; as empty as it might be in the bright light of reason, it was richly filled by the emotions with half-hom shadows.
It was not at all pleasant for him to encounter so unequivocally this preference for love in his thinking; he had really expected that there were more and different things his thinking would have absorbed, and that shocks such as those of the past year would have carried their vibra- tions in different directions; indeed, it seemed to him really strange that the conqueror, then the engineer of morality, that he had expected him- selfto be in his energetic years should have finally matured into a moon- ing seeker of love.
CLARISSE I WALTER I ULRICH MID 1920S
CL A RISSE
Ulrich did not think about Walter and Clarisse. Then one morning he was urgently called to the telephone: Walter. Why didn't he come out to see them; they knew he was back. A lot had changed, they were waiting for his visit.
Ulrich declined with the curt excuse that after his long absence he had a lot ofwork to do.
To his surprise, Walter appeared soon afterward; he had taken off from work. The manner in which he inquired after Agathe and the expe- riences of the trip gave the impression of uncertainty or embarrassment; he seemed to know more than he wanted to let on. Finally, the words came out. He had only now realized that it is insanity to doubt the faith- fulness of a woman one loves. One has to be able to let oneself be de- ceived but know how to be deceived in a fruitful way; for example: he had been wrong to be jealous of Ulrich-
- A h , so he's talking about Clarisse, Ulrich said to himself, suddenly breathing easier.
-W rong-W alter went on---even if of course he had never thought of it in any terms other than as mental unfaithfulness; but it hurt so much to have to admit the simple bodily empathy.
- O f course, of course. Ulrich nodded.
-Meingast has left, Walter added.
Ulrich looked up; it really didn't interest him, but he had the feeling
that this was something new. "Why? "
Simply, it had been time. But for several days afterward Clarisse had
been out of sorts in a way that gave grounds for anxiety. A real depres- sion. But that was just it; that was what first made him grasp the whole business. Imagine--Walter said-that you love a woman, and you meet
1538 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
a man you admire, and you see that your wife loves and admires him too; and both ofyou feel that this man is far superior to you, unreachable-
-That I can't imagine. Ulrich raised his shoulders with a laugh. Wal- ter looked at him with annoyance; both friends felt that they were simu- lating an old game they had often played with each other.
-Don't pretend, Walter said. -You're not so swellheaded to the point of insensitivity that you believe no one is better than you!
-A ll right. The formulation is false. Who is objectively superior? En- gineer A or Aesthetician B, a master wrestler or a sprinter? Let's drop that. So you're saying that a person becomes emotionally dependent on someone and the beloved does too: then what happens? You would have to play along with her role as well as your own. The man plays the man's role and the woman's role; the woman has womanly feelings for the su- perior man and a more manly inclination for her earlier and still-loved lover. So this gives rise to something hermaphroditic, doesn't it? Assum- ing that no jealousy is involved. A spiritual intertwining of three people, which appears mysterious, and at times almost mystic? God on six legs.
Ulrich had improvised this reflection and was himself astonished at the conclusion it had involuntarily reached. Walter looked at him in sur- prise. He did not agree-again there was too much intellect in it-but Ulrich had come surprisingly close to the truth, and Walter admired the rightness of Clarisse's instinct when she had asked that Ulrich be let in on what was going on. He now began to talk a little. -Y es, Clarisse had been swept away by Meingast, and quite rightly, since only a new com- munity of wills and hearts that embraced more than just one couple would be capable of again forging a humanity out of chaos. These ideas had had a powerful effect on her. After Meingast had left she had con- fessed to Walter: the whole time he had been there-he had really changed in a strange way-she had continually been bothered by the idea that he had taken her and Walter's sins upon himself and overcome them; it only sounds crazy, Walter said defensively, but it isn't at all, for he and Clarisse . . . behind their conflicts one finds everywhere a patho- logical disorder of the age. She would now like to speak to Ulrich on Moosbrugger's account.
Ulrich was astonished. What brings the two ofyou to Moosbrugger?
Well. Moosbrugger is of course only a chance encounter. But when one has once come into contact with something like that one can't at the same time just ignore it.
Look, you talked with Clarisse about it yourself a couple of times. Before. How can you forget something like that?
Ulrich shrugged his shoulders, but the next morning went to see Clarisse.
From the Posthumous Papers · 1539
He felt that one of the two things was not to his taste. He had not thought of Moosbrugger for weeks; yet earlier Moosbrugger had for a time been a point of orientation in his thinking! And after he had thought this over for a while he noticed that once again Clarisse had suddenly managed to fasten onto him with this delicate claw, although he had already become indifferent to her, indeed even found her repul- sive. He was curious about what it was Clarisse wanted. \Vhen he saw her, he knew that he would do something for Moosbrugger in order to get out of the anxious, reproachful, and unsettled state he was in on ac- count of Agathe. \Vhen Ulrich came in she was standing at the window, her hands crossed in front ofher hips, legs spread apart as ifplaying ball. It was a habitual stance ofhers, from which her smile emerged with par- adoxical charm.
-Our destinies are interwoven-she said-yours and mine. Did Walter tell you? she began. Ulrich replied that he had not quite under- stood what Walter was after. I must see Moosbrugger! Clarisse said. After greeting him she held his hand in hers, moving his index finger downward, as if unintentionally. - I can influence such destinies, she added vaguely.
In the intervening time some quite specific constellation ofideas must have formed in her; one felt it by the way the walls pulsated. With no other person Ulrich knew did everything internal become so physical as with Clarisse, and this, too, doubtless explained her extraordinary ability to impart her excitement to others.
Her brother had already been won over to the idea, Clarisse related. He was a physician. Ulrich could not stand him. Because as a child of the Wagner craze he had been baptized "Wotan" [Siegfried], he be- lieved everyone would think he was Jewish, and emphasized in equal measure his distaste for Jews and music. He had another peculiarity. Since he had grown up among their other friends, he had found him- self when young compelled to read Baudelaire, Dostoyevsky, Huys- mans, and Peter Altenberg, to whom at that time the spiritual expressiveness of youth was attuned, and when in later years this style eroded and his own nature came to the fore, there arose a quite pecu- liar mishmash ofjleurs du TTUZl and provincial hymns to the Alps. He had come to visit his sister today too, and Clarisse said that he was working somewhere in the garden or in the (adjoining) vineyards. Since even his proximity was enough to put Ulrich out of sorts, he re- sponded with some disappointment. But Clarisse seemed to have been expecting this. "We need him," she said, and tried to give this sen- tence an emphasis from the back of her eyes, as if to mean: it's really too bad he's bothering us, even if we're lucky that Walter isn't here
1540 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
(but it has to be! ) -Be reasonable, Ulrich said: -Why do you want to see Moosbrugger?
Clarisse went and shut the door, which was open. Then she asked a question: Do you understand railway accidents? (One never happens because a locomotive engineer deliberately rams his engine into another train. ) Well, they all happen because in the confusing network of tracks, switches, signals, and commands, fatigue makes a person lose the power of conscience. He would only have needed to check one more time whether he was doing the right thing . . . isn't that right?
Ulrich shrugged his shoulders.
- S o the accident comes about because one allows something to hap- pen, Clarisse went on. She cautiously closed her fangs around Ulrich's hand, smiled in embarrassment, and drilled her glance into his the way one drives a thumbtack into wood. -That's right, Ulrich, I see it in Wal- ter! (You already know what. ) (Every time I've yielded we were de- stroyed. We just didn't know that in doing it we were drinking a drop of the greatest poison in the world. )
- O h ? Ulrich said. - S o it's like that again between you?
Clarisse flashed at him from her eyes, pulled out the thumbtack again, and nodded.
- I t is and it isn't; I'm already a lot further. What's the extreme oppo- site ofletting things happen; that one yields to . . . impressing? You un- derstand, he wants to impress; nothing else! She did not wait for a response. - T o make a mark! she said. Her tiny figure had been striding up and down the room with supple energy, her hands at her back; now she stopped and sought with her eyes to hold fast to Ulrich's, for the words she was now searching for made her mind somewhat unsteady. - T o inscribe himself, I'm saying. Lately I've discovered something else that's really uncanny, it sounds so simple: Half our life is expression. (The) impressions are nothing. A heap of earthworms! When do you un- derstand a piece of music? When you yourself create it inwardly! When do you understand a person? When for a moment you make yourselfjust like him! In art, in politics, but also in love, we're trying painfully to ex- press ourselves. We re-deem ourselves to the outside. You see-with her hand she described an acute angle lying horizontally, which involun- tarily reminded Ulrich of a phallus-like this. That is the expression; the active form ofour existence, the pointed form, the- She became quite excited by the effort to make herself understandable to Ulrich. Ulrich must have been rather taken aback, for Clarisse went on to declare: -That's already in the words re-deem and redemption, both, the "deeming" and the active "re-" Now you understand, of course one has to practice it, but ultimately everything will be like an arrow.
From the Posthumous Papers · 1541
-Dear Clarisse-Ulrich pleaded-please speak so that I can under- standyou.
/Continuation: The Dionysiac. The murderer/
At this moment Siegfried came in. Ulrich had not interrupted Cla- risse. She had nonetheless retreated and was standing excitedly, as if he were crowding her, against the wall. Ulrich was accustomed to how hard it was for her to find the right words and how she often tried to seize them with her whole body, so that the meaning for which the words were lacking lay in the movement. But this time he was a little aston- ished. Clarisse, however, was not yet satisfied, there was still something she had to say. -Y ou know, if I'm unfaithful to him-or let's assume anyway that he is to me--then it's like digging into one's own raw flesh. Then you can't do anything that doesn't cut deep. Then you can't talk about that table over there without there being a feeling of bleeding. A smile forced its way through her excitement because Siegfried was lis- tening, but Siegfried was watching her calmly, as if it were a gymnastics exercise. He had taken off his jacket while working, and his hands and shoes were full of dirt. He had been accustomed since Clarisse's mar- riage to be the confidant of surprising secrets, and used a glance at his watch to urge haste in a businesslike way. Ulrich felt that this last gesture was directed very much at him.
Clarisse quickly changed her dress. The door remained open, and it hardly seemed accidental that he could see her, standing among her skirts like a boy. Siegfried was saying: - T h e assistant at the clinic was a fellow student. - Y o u don't say, Ulrich said. - W h a t do you really want ofhim? Siegfried shrugged his shoulders. -Either this Moosbrugger is mentally ill or he's a criminal. That's correct. But if Clarisse imagines that she can help him . . . ? I'm a doctor, and I also have to let the hospi- tal chaplain imagine the same thing. Redeem! she says. Well, why shouldn't she at least see him there? Siegfried went through his calm routine, brushed off his pants and shoes, and washed his hands. Looking at him, it was hard to believe his broad, modishly trimmed mustache. Then they drove to the clinic. Ulrich was in a state in which he would, without resisting, have let far crazier things happen to him.
1542 · THE MAN WITHOUT QUALITIES
The physician to whom Wotan conducted them was an artist in his profession.
This is something that exists in every profession that depends on working with one's head and consists of unsatisfied emotions.
In earlier decades there were photographers who placed the leg of the person to be immortalized on a cardboard boulder; today they strip him naked and have him emote at the sunset; at that time they were wearing curled beards and flowing neckties, today they are clean-shaven and un- derline their art's organ of procreation-in precisely the same way a naked African emphasizes her pudenda with a loincloth of mussel shells-by means of glasses. But there were also such artists in the sciences, on the General Staff, and in industry. In such professions they are considered interesting not-just-experts and often, too, as liberators from the narrowness of the craft. In, for instance, the biology of the gen- eral doctrine oflife, it has been discovered that mechanical, dead, causal explanations and functional laws are inadequate, and that life has to be explained by life or, as they call it, the life force; and in the War they sacrificed entire divisions, or had the population of whole regions shot, because they were generous I thought they owed something to a certain heroic generosity.
With doctors, this romanticism often takes only the harmless form of the family adviser who prescribes marriage, automobile trips, and thea- ter tickets, or advises a neurasthenic who is deeply depressed by his fail- ing business not to pay any attention to the business for a period of two months. It was only psychiatry that occupied a special position, for in science the slighter the success in precision, the greater, generally speaking, is the artistic component, and up until a few years ago psychia- try was by far the most artistic of all modem sciences, with a literature as ingenious as that of theology and a success rate that could not be dis- cerned in the earthly realm here below I was to be as little discerned here below as theology's. Its representatives were therefore often I fre- quently I, and today to some extent still are, great artists, and Dr. Fried, Wotan's university friend, was one of these. If one asked him about the prospects for a cure he would dismiss it with an ironic or a fatigued ges- ture, while on the other hand there was always lying on his desk a cleanly prepared and beautifully dyed section of brain on a slide, beside the mi- croscope through which he would look into the incomprehensible astral world of cell tissue, and on his face there was the expression of a man practicing a black art, a notorious but admired craft that brings him into daily contact with the incomprehensible and with depraved desires. His black hair was plastered down demoniacally, as if it would otherwise
From the Posthumous Papers · 1543
stand on end; his movements were soft and unnatural, and his eyes those of a cardsharp, hypnotist, master detective, gravedigger, or hangman.
Of the three visitors, he devoted himself from the beginning exclu- sively to Clarisse. He showed Ulrich the least possible politeness. Since this left Ulrich free to obsetve him in peace and with annoyance, he soon discovered the man's major points. Clarisse, on the other hand, who from the beginning regarded her desire as fulfilled, was charging ahead too impetuously, and as clinical assistant and instructor, Dr. Fried saw himself compelled to raise obstacles. Clarisse was a woman and not a doctor, and science demands strictly circumscribed limits. Wotan wanted to assume the responsibility of having his sister let in with false documents. But since this was stated openly, the assistant could only smile wearily. -Since we aren't doctors-Ulrich asked-couldn't we be a pair ofwriters, who for research purposes . . . ? The doctor dismissed this with a gesture: - I f you were Zola and Selma Lagerlof I would be charmed by your visit, which ofcourse I am anyway, but here only scien- tific interests are recognized. Unless-he made a smiling gesture of yielding-the ambassadors of your countries had made application for you to the administration of the clinic.
-Then I know what we can do, Ulrich said: -We'll invent some charitable motivation. If the lady is not permitted to see the patients, she can at least visit the prisoner. It's no trouble for me to get her the legitimation of a charitable organization and permission of the district court.
-That would be fine. Come here to my official residence; the best time would be after the Chief Physician's rounds. As long as you're in my company nobody would, of course, think of asking to see your creden- tials. But naturally I have to have a cover for my conscience.
Clarisse, excited by the difficulties that had to be overcome, beamed, and Dr. Fried spoke of his conscience at the last in a highly patronizing way, rather in the tone of a prince giving an order to the lowest of his subjects.
About a week passed.
Clarisse was as excited as a neiVOus child in the week before Christ- mas. It gave the impression that she was imparting a symbolic impor- tance to her encounter with Moosbrugger, like the meeting of two rulers.
- I believe I have the strength to help him when I see him, she as- serted.
1544 · THE MAN WITH0UT QUALITIES
Why don't you take him a sausage instead-Ulrich answered-and cigarettes.
Wotan laughed and proffered a medical joke; but afteiWard he again gave the impression of being grateful for the greater energy that ra- diated into his darkness from Clarisse's ideas, like a thunderstorm below the horizon.
Clarisse was tinglingly strengthened when she felt her influence over him.
- I f you had first met him a hundred years ago, you would have fallen weeping on his breast, Ulrich remarked.
Wotan of course added that at that time the emotions were not as disturbed as they are today.
-Quite the contrary, Ulrich maintained. -All the weeping and em- bracing was a sign that people never really possessed these emotions; that'swhytheywereforced. Isn'tittrue-heturnedtoWotan-thatthis is the same mechanism as in hysteria?
Wotan made a joke about his wife, who he said was hysterical, and all the medical theories he had no idea what to do with. He already had three children.
-When she's playing the piano fortissimo-Walter defended Cla- risse-when she's excited and has tears in her eyes: isn't she absolutely right in refusing to get on the streetcar, travel to the clinic, and behave there as if it had been 'just music' and not real tears?
He had, incidentally, excluded himself and did not go along to the clinic.
-She's completely wrong, Ulrich responded. -For Moosbrugger's sentiments toward a sausage are unaffected and healthy, while on the other hand, Clarisse's importunate behavior will only make him regret not being able to plunge a knife into her belly.
