No More Learning

THE SCOPE OF THE NOVELIST
From the Essay on the Value and Influence of Works of Fiction'
HE novelist not only works on more various elements, he ap-
peals to more ordinary minds than the poet. This indeed
is the strongest practical proof of his essential inferiority as
an artist. All who are capable of an interest in incidents of life.
which do not affect themselves, may feel the same interest more
keenly in a novel; but to those only who can lift the curtain
does a poem speak intelligibly. It is the twofold characteristic,


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6686
THOMAS HILL GREEN
of universal intelligibility and indiscriminate adoption of mate-
rials, that gives the novel its place as the great reformer and
leveler of our time. Reforming and leveling are indeed more
closely allied than we are commonly disposed to admit. Social
abuses are nearly always the result of defective organization.
The demarcations of family, of territory, or of class, prevent the
proper fusion of parts into the whole. The work of the reformer
progresses as the social force is brought to bear more and more
fully on classes and individuals, merging distinctions of privilege
and position in the one social organism. The novel is one of
the main agencies through which this force acts. It gathers up
manifold experiences, corresponding to manifold situations of life;
and subordinating each to the whole, gives to every particular
situation a new character as qualified by all the rest. Every
good novel, therefore, does something to check what may be
called the despotism of situations; to prevent that ossification
into prejudices arising from situation, to which all feel a tend-
ency. The general novel-literature of any age may be regarded
as an assertion by mankind at large in its then development, of
its claims as against the influence of class and position; whether
that influence appear in the form of positive social injustice, of
oppressive custom, or simply of deficient sympathy.
To be what he is, the novelist must be a man with large
powers of sympathetic observation. He must have an eye for
the "humanities" which underlie the estranging barriers of social
demarcation, and in relation to which the influence of those bar-
riers can alone be rightly appreciated. We have already spoken
of that acquiescence in the dominion of circumstance to which we
are all too ready to give way, and which exclusive novel-reading
tends to foster. The circumstances, however, whose rule we rec-
ognize, are apt to be merely our own or those of our class. We
are blind to other "idola" than those of our own cave; we do
not understand that the feelings which betray us into "indiscre-
tions" may, when differently modified by a different situation,
lead others to game-stealing or trade outrages. From this nar-
rowness of view the novelist may do much to deliver us. The
variations of feeling and action with those of circumstance, and
the essential human identity which these variations cannot touch,
are his special province. He shows us that crime does not always
imply sin, that a social heresy may be the assertion of a native
right, that an offense which leads to conventional outlawry may


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THOMAS HILL GREEN
6687
be merely the rebellion of a generous nature against conventional
tyranny.
Thus, if he does not do everything, he does much. Though
he cannot reveal to us the inner side of life, he at least gives a
more adequate conception of its surface. Though he cannot raise.
us to a point of view from which circumstances appear subordi-
nate to spiritual laws, he yet saves us from being blinded, if not
from being influenced, by the circumstances of our own position.
Though we cannot show the prisoners the way of escape from
their earthly confinement, yet by breaking down the partitions
between the cells he enables them to combine their strength for
a better arrangement of the prison-house. The most wounding
social wrongs more often arise from ignorance than from malice,
from acquiescence in the opinion of a class rather than from
deliberate selfishness. The master cannot enter into the feelings
of a servant, nor the servant into those of his master. The mas-
ter cannot understand how any good quality can lead one to
"forget his station "; to the servant the spirit of management in
the master seems mere "driving. " This is only a sample of what
is going on, all society over. The relation between the higher
and lower classes becomes irritating and therefore injurious, not
from any conscious unfairness on either side, but simply from the
want of a common understanding; while at the same time every
class suffers within its own limits from the prevalence of habits
and ideas, under the authority of class convention, which could
not long maintain themselves if once placed in the light of gen-
eral opinion
Against this twofold oppression the novel, from its first estab-
lishment as a substantive branch of literature, has made vigorous
war. From Defoe to Kingsley, its history boasts of a noble army
of social reformers; yet the work which these writers have
achieved has had little to do with the morals-commonly value-
less, if not false and sentimental - which they have severally
believed themselves to convey. Defoe's notion of a moral seems
to have been the vulgar one that vice must be palpably punished
and virtue rewarded; he recommends his 'Moll Flanders' to the
reader on the ground that "there is not a wicked action in any
part of it but is first or last rendered unhappy or unfortunate. "
The moral of Fielding's novels, if moral it can be called, is sim-
ply the importance of that prudence which his heroes might have.
dispensed with but for the wildness of their animal license.


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6688
THOMAS HILL GREEN
both Defoe and Fielding had a real lesson to teach mankind.
The thieves and harlots whom Defoe prides himself on punish-
ing, but whose adventures he describes with the minuteness of
affection, are what we ourselves might have been; and in their
histories we hear, if not the "music," yet the "harsh and grat-
ing" cry of suffering humanity. Fielding's merit is of the same
kind; but the sympathies which he excites are more general, as
his scenes are more varied, than those of Defoe. His coarseness
is everywhere redeemed by a genuine feeling for the contume-
lious buffets to which weakness is exposed. He has the practical
insight of Dickens and Thackeray, without their infusion of sen-
timent. He does not moralize over the contrast between the rich
man's law and the poor man's, over the "indifference" of rural
justice, over the lying and adultery of fashionable life. He sim-
ply makes us see the facts, which are everywhere under our
eyes, but too close to us for discernment. He shows society
where its sores lie, appealing from the judgment of the diseased
class itself to that public intelligence which, in spite of the
cynic's sneer on the task of "producing an honesty from the
combined action of knaves," has really power to override private
selfishness.
The same sermon has found many preachers since, the uncon-
scious missionaries being perhaps the greatest. Scott was a Tory
of the purest water. His mind was busy with the revival of a
pseudo-feudalism; no thought of reforming abuses probably ever
entered it. Yet his genial human insight made him a reformer
against his will. He who makes man better known to man takes
the first steps towards healing the wounds which man inflicts on
man. The permanent value of Scott's novels lies in his pictures
of the Scotch peasantry. He popularized the work which the
Lake poets had begun, of reopening the primary springs of
human passion. "Love he had found in huts where poor men
lie," and he announced the discovery; teaching the "world" of
English gentry what for a century and a half they had seemed
to forget, that the human soul, in its strength no less than in its
weakness, is independent of the accessories of fortune. He left
no equals, but the combined force of his successors has been
constantly growing in practical effect. They have probably done
more than the journalists to produce that improvement in the
organization of modern life which leads to the notion that because
social grievances are less obvious, they have ceased to exist. The


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THOMAS HILL GREEN
6689
novelist catches the cry of suffering before it has obtained the
strength or general recognition which are presupposed when
the newspaper becomes its mouthpiece. The miseries of the
marriage market had been told by Thackeray with almost weari-
some iteration, many years before they found utterance in the
columns of the Times.
It may indeed be truly said that after all, human selfishness
is much the same as it ever was; that luxury still drowns sym-
pathy; that riches and poverty have still their old estranging
influence. The novel, as has been shown, cannot give a new
birth to the spirit, or initiate the effort to transcend the separa-
tions of place and circumstance; but it is no small thing that it
should remove the barriers of ignorance and antipathy which
would otherwise render the effort unavailing. It at least brings
man nearer to his neighbor, and enables each class to see itself
as others see it. And from the fusion of opinions and sympa-
thies thus produced, a general sentiment is elicited, to which op-
pression of any kind, whether of one class by another, or of
individuals by the tyranny of sectarian custom, seldom appeals in
vain.
The novelist is a leveler also in another sense than that of
which we have already spoken. He helps to level intellects as
well as situations. He supplies a kind of literary food which the
weakest natures can assimilate as well as the strongest, and by
the consumption of which the former sort lose much of their
weakness and the latter much of their strength. While minds of
the lower order acquire from novel-reading a cultivation which
they previously lacked, the higher seem proportionately to sink.
They lose that aspiring pride which arises from the sense of
walking in intellect on the necks of a subject crowd; they no
longer feel the bracing influence of living solely among the high-
est forms of art; they become conformed insensibly to the gen-
eral opinion which the new literature of the people creates. A
similar change is going on in every department of man's activity.
The history of thought in its artistic form is parallel to its
history in its other manifestation. The spirit descends, that it
may rise again; it penetrates more and more widely into matter,
that it may make the world more completely its own. Political
life seems no longer attractive, now that political ideas and
power are disseminated among the mass, and the reason is
recognized as belonging not to a ruling caste merely, but to all.
XII-419
Γ


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6690
THOMAS HILL GREEN
A statesman in a political society resting on a substratum of
slavery, and admitting no limits to the province of government,
was a very different person from the modern servant of “a na-
tion of shopkeepers," whose best work is to save the pockets of
the poor.
It would seem as if man lost his nobleness when he
ceased to govern, and as if the equal rule of all was equivalent
to the rule of none. Yet we hold fast to the faith that the
"cultivation of the masses," which has for the present superseded
the development of the individual, will in its maturity produce
some higher type even of individual manhood than any which
the old world has known. We may rest on the same faith in
tracing the history of literature. In the novel we must admit
that the creative faculty has taken a lower form than it held in
the epic and the tragedy. But since in this form it acts on
more extensive material and reaches more men, we may well be-
lieve that this temporary declension is preparatory to some higher
development, when the poet shall idealize life without making
abstraction of any of its elements, and when the secret of exist-
ence, which he now speaks to the inward ear of a few, may be
proclaimed on the house-tops to the common intelligence of man-
kind.


## p. 6691 (#67) ############################################

6691
ROBERT GREENE
(1560-1592)
REENE was a true Elizabethan Englishman: impulsive, reck-
less, with a roving instinct that in many a life of that
restless age found a safe vent in adventure on the sea. But
with his gifts and failings, and the conditions in which his life was
cast, the ruin that overwhelmed him was the fate of many poets of
great mind and weak will. Yet with all his sin and weakness, there
were struggles toward a better life and nobler work which should
make our judgment lenient, remembering Burns's lines:-
"What's done we partly may compute,
But know not what's resisted. »
a
•
Greene was born about 1560 in Norwich, and belonged to a fam-
ily of good standing. That his father was a man of some wealth
may be inferred from Greene's tour to Italy and other countries,-
great expense in those days,- which he made after taking his B. A.
degree at Cambridge in 1578. In his 'Repentances' he shows that he
was affected by the vices of Italy, and became fixed in those disso-
lute habits that were his ruin. On his return he was engaged in
literary work at Cambridge, and took his M. A. degree from both
universities. He then went to London and became «< an author of
plays and penner of Love Pamphlets, so that I soone grew famous in
that qualitie, that who for that trade growne so ordinary about Lon
don as Robin Greene. "
In 1585 he married, and apparently lived for a time in Norwich.
After the birth of a child he deserted his wife, because she tried to
persuade him from his bad habits. From that time he lived perma-
nently in London, where he seems to have had some influential
patrons. Among those to whom his works are dedicated we find the
names of Lord Derby, the Earl of Cumberland, Lady Talbot, and
Lord Fitzwater. He tells us that "in shorte space I fell into favor
with such as were of honorable and good calling. " Yet his restless
temper made such society irksome to him; and as there was then no
reputable literary Bohemia, such as arose later under Shakespeare
and Ben Jonson, he sank to the company of the lowest classes of
London. In spite of his dissipated life he was constantly at work,
and "his purse, like the sea, sometime sweld, anon like the same sea


## p. 6692 (#68) ############################################

6692
ROBERT GREENE
fell to a low ebbe; yet seldom he wanted, his labours were so well
esteemed. "
Not only did he write for the stage, but it is probable that he ap-
peared at times as an actor. At one time, when a gust of repent-
ance swept over him, he resolved to write no more love pamphlets,
and to devote himself to more serious writings. He then published
a series of tracts exposing the tricks of London swindlers, in "trust
that those my discourses will doe great good and bee very bene-
ficial to the Common wealth of England. " His 'Repentances' were
intended to warn young men by the unhappy example of his own
life. His career was cut short in 1592 by an illness resulting from
too much indulgence in Rhenish wine and pickled herrings. Deserted
by his friends, he died in extreme poverty at the house of a poor
shoemaker who had befriended him. Just before his death he wrote
to his forsaken wife this touching letter:-
Sweet Wife:
As ever there was any good-will or friendship betweene thee and mee, see
this bearer (my Host) satisfied of his debt: I owe him tenne pound, and but
for him I had perished in the streetes. Forget and forgive my wrongs done
unto thee, and Almighty God have mercie on my soule. Farewell till we
meet in heaven, for on earth thou shalt never see me more.
This 2 of September 1592.
Written by thy dying husband
ROBERT GREENE.
Gabriel Harvey soon after published in his 'Foure Letters' a
virulent attack on Greene's character. That and Greene's confes-
sions, in which like many another he no doubt exaggerated his sins,
have given rise to a probably too harsh estimate of the poet's failings.
Of his numerous dramatic works but five have survived, all pub-
lished after his death: 'Orlando Furioso'; 'Friar Bacon and Friar
Bungay'; 'James the Fourth'; Alphonsus, King of Aragon'; and
'George-a-Greene, the Pinner of Wakefield. ' 'A Looking-Glass for
London and England' was the joint work of Thomas Lodge and
Greene. Greene did for the romantic drama what Marlowe accom-
plished for tragedy, and his works form a noteworthy step in the
development of the old English drama. His most popular drama was
'Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay,' in which he pictures Old English
life at Fussingfield, with a touching love story. His 'George-a-
Greene' has the best constructed plot of any of his plays; and in
the Pinner, a popular English hero like Robin Hood, he portrays an
ideal English yeoman, faithful, sturdy, and independent. Nash called
Greene the Homer of women; and it is remarkable that, dissolute as
he was, he has given the charm of modest womanhood to all his
female characters.


## p. 6693 (#69) ############################################

ROBERT GREENE
6693
Besides Greene's non-dramatic works there are four kinds: first,
the romantic pamphlets; second, the semi-patriotic tracts; third, the
Cony-Catching pamphlets; fourth, his 'Repentances. '
In his love pamphlets may be found traces of the beginnings of
the English novel. Several of the 'Repentances,' the 'Never Too
Late' and 'A Groatsworth of Wit,' are largely autobiographical.
Scattered through his romances are the many charming lyrics on
which his fame mainly rests. In several respects Greene was excep-
tionally in advance of his time: in the 'Pinner' he plainly acknowl-
edges popular rights, and in the 'Looking-Glass' is found a forecast
of coming disaster, resulting from the disorders of the times and the
oppression of the poor. Greene's peasants are portrayed with a sym-
pathetic realism most unusual at that time. He gives the "wise
humor of the low-born clown" as does none but Shakespeare, who
was no doubt indebted to Greene for the material of several of his
plays. 'The Winter's Tale' is founded on 'Pandosto' in all points
but Antigonus, Paulina, Autolycus, and the young shepherd. 'Lear'
has a strong likeness to the 'Looking-Glass'; 'Orlando' points to
'Lear' and 'Hamlet,' and the fairy framework of James IV. ' sug-
gests some features of 'Midsummer Night's Dream. ' Greene and the
university men of his set drew from the old chroniclers for their
dramas; but Shakespeare took whatever was at hand. His ignoring
of their rule, and his growing fame, were the probable cause of the
bitter feeling Greene shows in the address to his fellow dramatists
in the 'Groatsworth of Wit,' when he refers to Shakespeare as "an
upstart Crow beautified with our Feathers, that with his Tygres
heart, wrapt in a Players hyde, supposes hee is as well able to bom-
bast out a Blank verse as the best of you, and being an absolute
Johannes factotum, is in his owne conceyt the onely Shake-scene in
the Countrey. "
Alexander Dyce edited Greene's plays and poems in 1831. Dr.
Grosart edited The Complete Works of Robert Greene' (1881-6) in
fifteen volumes, and A. W. Ward published Friar Bacon' in Old
English Drama' (1892). Both earlier editions contain memoirs; and
accounts are found in J. A. Symonds's Shakespeare's Predecessors
in English Drama,' and Jusserand's English Novel in the Time of
Shakespeare. '
Greene's writings give vivid pictures of life in the Elizabethan
age, and at the same time form a most interesting autobiography of
that "wrecked life. " Unlike Herrick, who could say that if his verse
were impure his life was chaste, Greene's writings show scarcely any
of the uncleanness so prevalent in books of that period.


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6694
ROBERT GREENE
D
ECEIVING world, that with alluring toys
Hast made my life the subject of thy scorn,
And scornest now to lend thy fading joys
T'outlength my life, whom friends have left forlorn;
How well are they that die ere they be born,
And never see thy slights, which few men shun
Till unawares they helpless are undone!
DECEIVING WORLD
From A Groatsworth of Wit
Oft have I sung of love and of his fire;
But now I find that poet was advised,
Which made full feasts increasers of desire,
And proves weak love was with the poor despised;
For when the life with food is not sufficed,
What thoughts of love, what motion of delight,
What pleasance can proceed from such a wight?
Witness my want, the murderer of my wit;
My ravished sense, of wonted fury reft,
Wants such conceit as should in poems fit
Set down the sorrow wherein I am left:
But therefore have high heavens their gifts bereft,
Because so long they lent them me to use,
And I so long their bounty did abuse.
Oh that a year were granted me to live,
And for that year my former wits restored!
What rules of life, what counsel would I give,
How should my sin with sorrow be deplored!
But I must die, of every man abhorred:
Time loosely spent will not again be won;
My time is loosely spent, and I undone.
A"
THE SHEPHERD'S WIFE'S SONG
From The Mourning Garment ›
H, WHAT is love? It is a pretty thing,
As sweet unto a shepherd as a king;
And sweeter too,
For kings have cares that wait upon a crown,
And cares can make the sweetest love to frown:


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ROBERT GREENE
6695
Ah then, ah then,
If country loves such sweet desires do gain,
What lady would not love a shepherd swain?
His flocks are folded, he comes home at night,
As merry as a king in his delight;
And merrier too,
For kings bethink them what the State require,
Where shepherds careless carol by the fire:
Ah then, ah then,
If country loves such sweet desires do gain,
What lady would not love a shepherd swain?
He kisseth first, then sits as blithe to eat
His cream and curds, as doth the king his meat;
And blither too,
For kings have often fears when they do sup,
Where shepherds dread no poison in their cup:
Ah then, ah then,
If country loves such sweet desires do gain,
What lady would not love a shepherd swain?
Upon his couch of straw he sleeps as sound
As doth the king upon his beds of down;
More sounder too,
For cares cause kings full oft their sleep to spill,
Where weary shepherds lie and snort their fill:
Ah then, ah then,
If country loves such sweet desires do gain,
What lady would not love a shepherd swain?
Thus with his wife he spends the year, as blithe
As doth the king at every tide or sith;
And blither too,
For kings have wars and broils to take in hand,
When shepherds laugh and love upon the land:
Ah then, ah then,
If country loves such sweet desires do gain,
What lady would not love a shepherd swain ?


## p. 6696 (#72) ############################################

6696
ROBERT GREENE
DOWN THE VALLEY
From Never Too Late
D
OWN the valley 'gan he track,
Bag and bottle at his back,
In a surcoat all of gray;
Such wear palmers on the way,
When with scrip and staff they see
Jesus's grave on Calvary.
A hat of straw, like a swain,
Shelter for the sun and rain,
With a scallop-shell before;
Sandals on his feet he wore;
Legs were bare, arms unclad;
Such attire this Palmer had.
His face fair like Titan's shine;
Gray and buxom were his eyne,
Whereout dropt pearls of sorrow;
Such sweet tears love doth borrow,
When in outward dews she plains
Heart's distress that lovers pains;
Ruby lips, cherry cheeks;
Such rare mixture Venus seeks,
When to keep her damsels quiet
Beauty sets them down their diet.
Adon was not thought more fair:
Curled locks of amber hair,
Locks where love did sit and twine
Nets to snare the gazer's eyne.
Such a Palmer ne'er was seen,
'Less Love himself had palmer been.
Yet, for all he was so quaint,
Sorrow did his visage taint:
Midst the riches of his face,
Grief decyphered high disgrace.
Every step strained a tear;
Sudden sighs showed his fear;
And yet his fear by his sight
Ended in a strange delight;
That his passions did approve,
Weeds and sorrow were for love.


## p. 6697 (#73) ############################################

ROBERT GREENE
6697
PHILOMELA'S ODE
From Philomela'
SIT
ITTING by a river's side,
Where a silent stream did glide,
Muse I did of many things
That the mind in quiet brings.
I 'gan think how some men deem
Gold their god; and some esteem
Honor is the chief content
That to man in life is lent;
And some others do contend,
Quiet none, like to a friend;
Others hold there is no wealth
Compared to a perfect health;
Some man's mind in quiet stands,
When he is lord of many lands.
But I did sigh, and said all this
Was but a shade of perfect bliss;
And in my thoughts I did approve,
Naught so sweet as is true love.
SWEET ARE THE THOUGHTS
From Farewell to Folly'
SWE
WEET are the thoughts that savor of content;
The quiet mind is richer than a crown;
Sweet are the nights in careless slumber spent;
The poor estate scorns Fortune's angry frown:
Such sweet content, such minds, such sleep, such bliss,
Beggars enjoy, when princes oft do miss.
The homely house that harbors quiet rest;
The cottage that affords no pride nor care;
The mean that 'grees with country music best;
The sweet consort of mirth and music's fare;
Obscured life sets down a type of bliss:
A mind content both crown and kingdom is.


## p. 6698 (#74) ############################################

6698
ROBERT GREENE
SEPHESTIA'S SONG TO HER CHILD
From Menaphon›
EEP not, my wanton, smile upon my knee;
When thou art old there's grief enough for thee.
Mother's wag, pretty boy,
Father's sorrow, father's joy;
When thy father first did see
Such a boy by him and me,
He was glad, I was woe;
Fortune changèd made him so,
When he left his pretty boy,
Last his sorrow, first his joy.
W
Weep not, my wanton, smile upon my knee;
When thou art old there's grief enough for thee.
Streaming tears that never stint,
Like pearl drops from a flint,
Fell by course from his eyes,
That one another's place supplies;
Thus he grieved in every part,
Tears of blood fell from his heart,
When he left his pretty boy,
Father's sorrow, father's joy.
Weep not, my wanton, smile upon my knee;
When thou art old there's grief enough for thee.
The wanton smiled, father wept,
Mother cried, baby leapt;
More he crowed, more we cried,
Nature could not sorrow hide:
He must go, he must kiss
Child and mother, baby bless,
For he left his pretty boy,
Father's sorrow, father's joy
Weep not, my wanton, smile upon my knee;
When thou art old there's grief enough for thee.


## p. 6699 (#75) ############################################

6699
GERALD GRIFFIN
(1803-1840)
(
NDER the words "Never Acted," and date October 23d, 1842,
the play Gisippus,' "by the late Gerald Griffin, author of
'The Collegians,'» was announced at Drury Lane Theatre,
London. Macready made money and fame out of the work, which
had lain for years in his reading-desk uncared-for, while the patient
poet scribbled his way along a life of little joy to an unnoted grave
in the burying-ground of the voluntary poor. The drama was Grif-
fin's first inspiration; and though he died untimely, the drama gives
him back the honor he bestowed. Chagrined and humiliated with
failure to get a hearing for his play of 'Aguire,' and sick from hope
deferred for 'Gisippus,' he wrote 'The Collegians,' so full of Irish
heart and love that its stage child 'The Colleen Bawn' has delighted
the souls of millions.
Born in Limerick December 12th, 1803, Gerald Griffin, when his
parents came to America to settle in northern Pennsylvania, chose
to go at seventeen years of age, with only the equipment of a home
education, to seek honors and fortune in the paths which led up to
the printing-house. John Banim's recent success had blazed out a new
trail in the stifling, starving jungle of book-making, and the youth
of Ireland was on fire to follow him. One of the sweetest memories
of Griffin's career is the delicacy and generosity of Banim's friendship
for the pale, shy, delicate boy from the distant Shannon-side, during
all the awful and lonely days of his early London residence. After
hovering under Banim's wing about the green-rooms of Covent Gar-
den and Drury Lane, until his sensitive nature could bear the torture
of well-bred and ill-concealed indifference no longer, Griffin made his
way to the office of one of the weekly periodicals with some sketches
of Irish peasant life.
The publication of these brought him to notice, but did not keep
him free from days and nights of enforced fasting. It was not until
1827 that he was able to publish a book. In that year appeared
'Holland-Tide' and the 'Tales of the Munster Festivals,' both to be
forever-treasured heart songs of Irishmen separated world-wide. The
Collegians, in 1828, was eagerly and unstintingly accorded the first.
place in the new order of literature, the sadly joyous romance of con-
temporary Ireland. Griffin now became well and safely established


## p. 6700 (#76) ############################################

6700
GERALD GRIFFIN
in London, easily compeer of the best writers of his race, and in all
affairs but those of pecuniary fortune a favored and envied man. A
nature filled with the instinct of devotion kept him safe from some
of the evils which rode the shoulders of too many of his fellow-
countrymen. In the midst of a scurrying and scoffing rout he kept
the heart of his boyhood innocent and unsullied.
Tired of the shows and shams of the world, in 1838 he asked and
obtained admission into the Society of the Christian Brothers in his
native city. A few days before he entered upon this resolution, he
was interrupted by his brother and biographer Dr. Griffin in the act
of destroying all his manuscripts. It had been his intention to make
a complete renunciation by leaving nothing to the world but his
published works. His brother was able to save but a few fragments
from the great quantity of half-destroyed stories, poems, and plays;
and these, with the earlier publications, were included in the only
collected edition of his works ever made, published in New York in
the decade of 1850.
Two years after he had assumed the habit and duty of a religious
Gerald Griffin died, after many days of patient illness, in the house of
his brothers in religion at Cork, Ireland, June 12th, 1840. His family,
living at Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, has given several distinguished
names to the literature and politics of our country.
HOW MYLES MURPHY IS HEARD ON BEHALF OF HIS PONIES
From The Collegians'
AT FALVEY, supposing that he had remained a sufficient time.
suspicion of any private
ing between him and Mr. Daly, now made his appearance
with luncheon. A collared head, cream cheese, honey, a decanter
of gooseberry wine, and some garden fruit, were speedily ar-
ranged on the table, and the visitors, no way loath, were pressed
to make a liberal use of the little banquet; for the time had not
yet gone by when people imagined that they could not display
their regard for a friend more effectually than by cramming him
up to the throat with food and strong drink. Kyrle Daly was in
the act of taking wine with Mrs. Chute, when he observed Fal-
vey stoop to his young mistress's ear, and whisper something
with a face of much seriousness.
"A boy wanting to speak to me? " said Miss Chute. "Has he
got letters? Let him send up his message. "


## p. 6701 (#77) ############################################

GERALD GRIFFIN
6701
"He says he must see yourself, miss. 'Tis in regard of some
ponies of his that were impounded be Mr. Dawley for trespassing
above here, last night. He hasn't the mains of releasing 'em,
poor craythur, an' he's far from home. I'm sure he's an honest
boy. He says he'd have a good friend in Mr. Cregan, if he
knew he was below. "
"Me? " said Mr. Cregan: "why, what's the fellow's name ? »
Myles Murphy, sir, from Killarney, westwards. "
"Oh, Myles-na-Coppaleen? Poor fellow, is he in tribulation?
We must have his ponies out by all means.
>>
"It requires more courage than I can always command," said
Miss Chute, "to revoke any command of Dawley's. He is an
old man, and whether that he was crossed in love, or from a
natural peevishness of disposition, he is such a morose creature
that I am quite afraid of him. But I will hear this Myles, at all
events. "
She was moving to the door, when her uncle's voice made
her turn.
"Stay, Anne," said Mr. Cregan; "let him come up. "Twill
be as good as a play to hear him and the steward pro and con.
Kyrle Daly here, who is intended for the bar, will be our
assessor, to decide on the points of law. I can tell you, Kyrle,
that Myles will give you a lesson in the art of pleading that
may be of use to you on circuit, at one time or another. "
Anne laughed and looked to Mrs. Chute, who with a smile
of tolerating condescension said, while she cleared with a silken
kerchief the glasses of her spectacles, "If your uncle desires it,
my love, I can see no objection. Those mountaineers are amus-
ing creatures. "
༥
Anne returned to her seat and the conversation proceeded,
while Falvey, with an air of great and perplexed importance,
went to summon Myles up-stairs.
"Mountaineers! " exclaimed Captain Gibson. "You call every
upland a mountain here in Ireland, and every one that lives out
of sight of the sea a mountaineer. "
"But this fellow is a genuine mountaineer," cried Mr. Cre-
gan, "with a cabin two thousand feet above the level of the sea.
If you are in the country next week, and will come down and
see us at the Lakes, along with our friends here, I promise to
show you as sturdy a race of mountaineers as any in Europe.
Doctor Leake can give you a history of 'em up to Noah's flood,


## p. 6702 (#78) ############################################

6702
GERALD GRIFFIN
some time when you're alone together when the country was
first peopled by one Parable, or Sparable. ”
"Paralon," said Dr. Leake; "Paralon, or Migdonia, as the Psalter
sings:
'On the fourteenth day, being Tuesday,
They brought their bold ships to anchor,
In the blue fair port, with beauteous shore,
Of well-defended Inver Sceine. '
>>
"In the rest of Munster, where -
"Yes; well, you'll see 'em all, as the doctor says, if you come
to Killarney," resumed Mr. Cregan, interrupting the latter, to
whose discourse a country residence, a national turn of character,
and a limited course of reading had given a tinge of pedantry;
and who was moreover a firm believer in all the ancient Shana-
chus, from the Yellow Book of Moling to the Black Book of
Molega. "And if you like to listen to him, he'll explain to you
every action that ever befell, on land or water, from Ross Castle
up to Carrigaline. "
Kyrle, who felt both surprise and concern at learning that
Miss Chute was leaving home so soon, and without having
thought it worth her while to make him aware of her intention,
was about to address her on the subject, when the clatter of a
pair of heavy and well-paved brogues on the small flight of stairs
in the lobby produced a sudden hush of expectation amongst
the company. They heard Pat Falvey urging some instructions
in a low and smothered tone, to which a strong and not unmusi-
cal voice replied, in that complaining accent which distinguishes
the dialect of the more western descendants of Heber: "Ah, lay
me alone, you foolish boy; do you think did I never speak to
quollity in my life before? »
The door opened, and the uncommissioned master of horse
made his appearance. His appearance was at once strikingly
majestic and prepossessing, and the natural ease and dignity with
which he entered the room might almost have become a peer
of the realm coming to solicit the interest of the family for an
electioneering candidate. A broad and sunny forehead, light and
wavy hair, a blue cheerful eye, a nose that in Persia might have
won him a throne, healthful cheeks, a mouth that was full of
character, and a well-knit and almost gigantic person, constituted
his external claims to attention, of which his lofty and confident


## p. 6703 (#79) ############################################

GERALD GRIFFIN
6703
although most unassuming carriage showed him to be in some
degree conscious. He wore a complete suit of brown frieze, with
a gay-colored cotton handkerchief around his neck, blue worsted
stockings, and brogues carefully greased; while he held in his
right hand an immaculate felt hat, the purchase of the preced-
ing day's fair. In the left he held a straight-handled whip and
a wooden rattle, which he used for the purpose of collecting his
ponies when they happened to straggle. An involuntary mur-
mur of admiration ran amongst the guests at his entrance. Dr.
Leake was heard to pronounce him a true Gadelian, and Captain
Gibson thought he would cut a splendid figure in a helmet and
cuirass, under one of the arches in the Horse Guards.
Before he had spoken, and while the door yet remained open,
Hyland Creagh roused Pincher with a chirping noise, and gave
him the well-known countersign of "Baithershin! "
Pincher waddled towards the door, raised himself on his
hind legs, closed it fast, and then trotted back to his master's
feet, followed by the staring and bewildered gaze of the mount-
aineer.
I never
"Well," he exclaimed, "that flogs cock-fighting!
thought I'd live to have
have a dog taich me manners, anyway.
'Baithershin,' says he, an' he shets the door like a Christian! "
The mountaineer now commenced a series of most profound
obeisances to every individual of the company, beginning with
the ladies and ending with the officer; after which he remained
glancing from one to another with a smile of mingled sadness
and courtesy, as if waiting, like an evoked spirit, the spell-word
of the enchantress who had called him up. "Tisn't manners to
speak first before quollity," was the answer he would have been
prepared to render, in case any one had inquired the motive of
his conduct.
"Well, Myles, what wind has brought you to this part of the
country? " said Mr. Barney Cregan.
"The ould wind always then, Mr. Cregan," said Myles, with
another deep obeisance, "seeing would I get a feow o' the ponies
off. Long life to you, sir; I was proud to hear you wor above
stairs, for it isn't the first time you stood my friend in trouble.
My father (the heavens be his bed this day! ) was a fosterer o'
your uncle Mick's, an' a first an' second cousin, be the mother's
side, to ould Mrs. O'Leary, your Honor's aunt, westward. So 'tis
kind for your Honor to have a leanin' towards uz. "


## p. 6704 (#80) ############################################

6704
GERALD GRIFFIN
"A clear case, Myles; but what have you to say to Mrs. Chute
about the trespass ? »
"What have I to say to her? why then, a deal. It's a long
while since I see her now, an' she wears finely, the Lord bless
her! Ah, Miss Anne! -Oyeh, murther! murther! Sure, I'd know
that face all over the world—your own livin' image, ma'am"
(turning to Mrs. Chute), "an' a little dawny touch o' the master
(heaven rest his soul! ) about the chin, you'd think. My grand-
mother an' himself wor third cousins. Oh, vo! vo! "
"He has made out three relations in the company already,"
said Anne to Kyrle: could any courtier make interest more
skillfully? "
"Well, Myles, about the ponies. "
"Poor craturs, true for you, sir. There's Mr. Creagh there,
long life to him, knows how well I airn 'em for ponies. You
seen what trouble I had with 'em, Mr. Creagh, the day you
fought the jewel with young M'Farlane from the north. They
went skelping like mad over the hills down to Glena, when they
heerd the shot. Ah, indeed, Mr. Creagh, you cowed the north-
country man that morning fairly. My honor is satisfied,' says
he, 'if Mr. Creagh will apologize. ' 'I didn't come to the ground
to apologize,' says Mr. Creagh; 'it's what I never done to any
man,' says he, and it'll be long from me to do it to you. '
'Well, my honor is satisfied anyway,' says the other, when he
heerd the pistols cocking for a second shot. I thought I'd split
laughing. "
<<
"Pooh, pooh! nonsense, man," said Creagh, endeavoring to
hide a smile of gratified vanity. "Your unfortunate ponies will
starve while you stay inventing wild stories. "
"He has gained another friend since," whispered Miss Chute.
"Invent! " echoed the mountaineer. "There's Docthor Leake
was on the spot, an' he knows if I invent. An' you did a good
job too that time, docthor," he continued, turning to the latter;
"old Keys the piper gives it up to you, of all the docthors going,
for curing his eyesight. An' he has a great leaning to you, more-
over, you're such a fine Irishian. "
"Another," said Miss Chute, apart.
"Yourself an' ould Mr. Daly," he continued. "I hope the mas-
ter is well in his health, sir? " (turning to Kyrle with another
profound congé. ) "May the Lord fasten the life in you an' him!
That's a gentleman that wouldn't see a poor boy in want of his


## p. 6705 (#81) ############################################

GERALD GRIFFIN
6705
supper or a bed to sleep in, an' he far from his own people, nor
persecute him in regard of a little trespass that was done un-
known. "
"This fellow is irresistible," said Kyrle: "a perfect Ulysses.
"And have you nothing to say to the captain, Myles? Is he
no relation of yours? "
"The captain, Mr. Cregan? Except in so far as we are all
servants of the Almighty and children of Adam, I know of none.
But I have a feeling for the red coat, for all. I have three
brothers in the army, serving in America; one of 'em was made
a corporal, or an admiral, or some ral or another, for behavin'
well at Quaybec, the time of Woulf's death. The English showed
themselves a great people that day, surely. "
Having thus secured to himself what lawyers call "the ear of
the court," the mountaineer proceeded to plead the cause of his
ponies with much force and pathos, dwelling on their distance
from home, their wild habits of life, which left them ignorant of
the common rules of boundaries, inclosures, and field gates, set-
ting forth with equal emphasis the length of road they had trav-
eled, their hungry condition, and the barrenness of the common.
on which they had been turned out; and finally urged in miti-
gation of penalty the circumstances of this being a first offense,
and the improbability of its being ever renewed in future.
The surly old steward Dan Dawley was accordingly summoned
for the purpose of ordering the discharge of the prisoners, a com-
mission which he received with a face as black as winter. Miss
Anne might "folly her liking," he said, "but it was the last time.
he'd ever trouble himself about damage or trespass any more.
What affair was it of his, if all the horses in the barony were
turned loose into the kitchen garden itself? "
་
« Horses, do you call 'em? " exclaimed Myles, bending on the
old man a frown of dark remonstrance. "A parcel of little ponies
not the height o' that chair. "
"What signify is it? " snarled the steward: "they'd eat as
much an' more than a racer. "
"Is it they, the craturs? They'd hardly injure a plate of stir-
about if it was put before 'em. "
«< Ayeh! hugh! "
"An' 'tisn't what I'd expect from you, Mr. Dawley, to be going
again' a relation o' your own in this manner. "
XII-420


## p. 6706 (#82) ############################################

6706
GERALD GRIFFIN
"A relation o' mine! " growled Dawley, scarcely deigning to
glance back over his shoulder as he hobbled out of the
cast a
room.
"Yes then, o' yours. "
Dawley paused at the door and looked back.
"Will you deny it o' me if you can," continued Myles, fixing
his eye on him, "that Biddy Nale, your own gossip, an' Larry
Foley, wor second cousins? Deny that o' me, if you can. ”
"For what would I deny it?
"Well, why! An' Larry Foley was uncle to my father's first
wife. (The angels spread her bed this night! ) An' I tell you
another thing: the Dawleys would cut a poor figure in many
a fair westwards, if they hadn't the Murphys to back 'em, so
they would; but what hurt? Sure, you can folly your own
pleasure. "
The old steward muttered something which nobody could hear,
and left the room. Myles of the Ponies, after many profound
bows to all his relations, and a profusion of thanks to the ladies,
followed him, and was observed in a few minutes after on the
avenue, talking with much earnestness and apparent agitation
to Lowry Looby. Kyrle Daly, who remembered the story of the
mountaineer's misfortune at Owen's Garden, concluded that Lowry
was making him aware of the abduction of the beautiful Eily.
HOW MR. DALY THE MIDDLEMAN ROSE UP FROM BREAKFAST
From The Collegians'
THE
HE person who opened the door acted as a kind of herdsman
or out-door servant to the family, and was a man of a rather
singular appearance. The nether parts of his frame were
of a size considerably out of proportion with the trunk and head
which they supported. His feet were broad and flat like those
of a duck; his legs long and clumsy, with knees and ankles like.
the knobs on one of those grotesque walking-sticks which were
in fashion among the fine gentlemen of our own day, some time
since; his joints hung loosely like those of a pasteboard Merry
Andrew; his body was very small, his chest narrow, and his head
so diminutive as to be even too little for his herring shoulders.
It seemed as if Nature, like an extravagant projector, had laid


## p. 6707 (#83) ############################################

GERALD GRIFFIN
6707
the foundation of a giant, but running short of material as the
structure proceeded, had been compelled to terminate her under-
taking within the dimensions of a dwarf. So far was this econ-
omy pursued that the head, small as it was, was very scantily
furnished with hair, and the nose with which the face was gar-
nished might be compared for its flatness to that of a young kid.
"It looked," as the owner of this mournful piece of journey-work
himself facetiously observed, "as if his head was not thought
worth a roof nor his countenance worth a handle. " His hands
and arms were likewise of a smallness which was much to be
admired, when contrasted with the hugeness of the lower mem-
bers, and brought to mind the fore-paws of a kangaroo or the
fins of a seal; the latter similitude prevailing when the body was
put in motion, on which occasions they dabbled about in a very
extraordinary manner. But there was one feature in which a cor-
responding prodigality had been manifested; namely, the ears,
which were as long as those of Riquet with the Tuft, or of any
ass in the barony.
The costume which enveloped this singular frame was no less
anomalous than was the nature of its own construction.
A huge
riding-coat of gray frieze hung lazily from his shoulders, and gave
to view in front a waistcoat of calfskin with the hairy side out-
ward; a shirt of a texture almost as coarse as sail-cloth, made
from the refuse of flax; and a pair of corduroy nether garments,
with two bright new patches upon the knees. Gray worsted
stockings, with dogskin brogues well paved in the sole and
greased until they shone again, completed the personal adorn-
ments of this unaspiring personage. On the whole, his appear-
ance might have brought to the recollection of a modern beholder
one of those architectural edifices so fashionable in our time, in
which the artist, with an admirable ambition, seeks to unite all
that is excellent in the Tuscan, Doric, Corinthian, and Ionic
orders, in one coup d'œil.
The expression of the figure, though it varied with circum-
stances, was for the most part thoughtful and deliberative; the
effect, in a great measure, of habitual penury and dependence.
At the time of Lord Halifax's administration, Lowry Looby, then
a very young man, held a spot of ground in the neighborhood
of Limerick, and was well-to-do in the world; but the scarcity
which prevailed in England at the time, and which occasioned
a sudden rise in the price of bere, butter, and other produce of


## p. 6708 (#84) ############################################

6708
GERALD GRIFFIN
grazing land in Ireland, threw all the agriculturists out of their
little holdings and occasioned a general destitution, similar to
that produced by the anti-cottier system in the present day.
Lowry was among the sufferers. He was saved, however, from
the necessity of adopting one of the three ultimata of Irish
misery begging, enlisting, or emigrating-by the kindness of
Mr. Daly, who took him into his service as a kind of runner
between his farms; an office for which Lowry, by his long and
muscular legs and the lightness of the body that incumbered
them, was qualified in an eminent degree. His excelling honesty,
one of the characteristics of his country, which he was known to
possess, rendered him a still more valuable acquisition to the
family than had been at first anticipated. He had moreover the
national talent for adroit flattery, a quality which made him
more acceptable to his patron than the latter would willingly
admit; and every emulsion of this kind was applied under the
disguise of a simpleness which gave it a wonderful efficacy.
"Ha, Lowry! " said Mr. Daly. "Well, have you made your
fortune since you have agreed with the postmaster? "
Lowry put his hands behind his back, looked successively at
the four corners of the room, then round the cornice; then cast
his eyes down at his feet, turned up the soles a little, and finally,
straightening his person and gazing on his master, replied, "To
lose it I did, sir, for a place. "
"To lose what? "
"The place of postman, sir, through the country westwards.