Utoa
AppuloeAC
OofopcAC cech n
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v7
Ursula's companions.
See Bishop Acca in Hagulstadensi, Pechthelm in ea Challenor's "Britannia Sancta," part ii.
,
quae Candida casa vocatur, quae nuper mul- tiplicatis fidelium plebibus, in sedem Pon- tificatus—addita, ipsum primum habet Antis- titem. " "Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis
Anglorum," lib. v. , cap. xxiv.
p. 33.
*° So called from the River Roer or Ruhr,
on which it is built, at its junction with the Meuse.
38 See Rev. Dr. J. F. S. Gordon's " Sco-
tichronicon," vol. i. , p. 67.
39 It is said to have been so called after
4 * This had been built on the River
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
promote the Faith among them. This penitential course of life Pepin followed,
until his death took in in the castle'of place 714,
July 15. ]
243
Jopil,*
withstanding, God's holy servant did not cease from the duty of ministration
while here ; for, he engaged indefatigably in arduous works of the ministry. It is related, that he lived to the age of one hundred years, and that he was
all the
were healed at his tomb.
For over one hundred years, the remains of St. Plechelm and his holy
companions were preserved in the church of Mons S. Odilise, until that cele- brated invasion of the Normans, which occurred in the middle of the ninth century. Then, the relics of Saints Wiro, Plechelm and Otger were removed to Utrecht. Baldricus, Bishop of Utrecht, caused the head and chief part of St. Plechelm's body to be transferred to the church of Oldenzel, in the dio- cese of Daventer. Of this place, our saint is regarded as the patron, and his office, as a double of the First-class with an Octave, was there recited. He was also greatly venerated in Mons S. Odiliae, and at Rurimonde. We have already seen, how the church and monastery of St. Peter had been destroyed, in the latter place, and how for a time, the relics of the saints had been lost. ** The bodies of Saints Wiro and Plechelmus, Bishops, with that of St. Otger, deacon, were placed within the altar of the cathedral church.
loved greatly by
Full of —and of people. years virtues,
he rendered his spirittothegreatCreator,ontheIdesofJuly correspondingwiththe15th day of this month. The year for his demise has been set down, at 732. 43 He was buried in a church, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and situated on the mountain top. His relics became instruments for working many miracles, which afterwards took place, through his intercession. Several afflicted persons
An
" Partes
In various Continental as in our insular Calendars, this holy bishop is
was added on the base to this effect
SS. Wironis, Plechelmi et Otgeri. " The calamities of that time caused the relics and that inscription buried among ruins to pass into oblivion. How- ever, they were once more recovered in the year 1594, and in the church of the Holy Ghost was found that interesting inscription on the base of its altar. This discovery, with an office of a double rite, was celebrated on Tuesday after the Festival of the Most Holy Trinity. In the time of Miraeus,4* the head of St. Plechelmus was preserved at the church of Oldenseel, in the diocese of Daventer, and this relic was much venerated, by the people.
inscription
:
Reliquiarum
commemorated, at the 15th of July. Especially, in the Belgian, Utrecht,46 Cologne 47 and Treves < 8 Marty rologies is his feast inserted. Thus, in the additions to Usuard's Martyrology, by Hermann Greven ;49 in the Florarius Manuscript 5° in John Molan 51 and in Peter Canisius ? * the festival of this
;
Meuse.
42 See an account of this finely situated
in " Gazetteer of the World," vol.
city, viii. ,
pp. 728, 729.
43 See Rev. Alban Butler's " Lives of the
Fathers, Martyrs, and other principal Saints,'' vol. vii. , July xv.
44 An account of these events may be found, in the Life of St. Wiro, at the 8th of May, in the Fifth Volume of this work, Art. i. , chap. ii.
45 See "Fasti Belgici et Burgundici," p. 420.
46 In the Manuscript Martyrology of St. Mary's church: "Plechelmi Confessoris et Pontificis. " On the margin is inscribed, Aldenzale.
;
1 near 2 Not- Liege/
47 In the edition of 1490, "Ipso die, S. Plechelmi Ep. Conf.
"
49 Printed at Cologne, a. d. 1515 and 1521 :
48 In the of St.
Martin,
"
Manuscript Martyrology Plechelmi Confessoris. "
Plechelmi Tweintiensis Episcopi et Con- fessoris in Aldensel quiescentis.
5° Thus : "Item S. Plechelmi Ep. et Con- fessoris : obiit anno salutis dccxxxii.
5I In the first edition of his additions to
Usuard,publishedintheyear1568. Inthe later editions of Usuard, Mplanus has " Civi- tate Oudensele, natale S. Plechelmi Ep. " Also in his Natales, and Indiculus Sancto- rum Belgii.
52 In both editions of his German Martyr-
ology, where our saint is styled
"
Twentien-
244 LIVES CI- THE IRISH SAINTS [July 15.
holy Bishop is commemorated,. at the present date. In like manner, Arnold
Wion,53 HughMenard,5* BenedictDorgain, ConstantineGhinius,'* Miraeus,56
5? 8
andAndrewSaussay, havenotices. Also,Ferrarius,5 aManuscriptKalendar
6° oftheOrderofSt. Benedict^andBalduinWillot, recordSt. Plechelm,atthe
The
61 Father
Fitzsimon and the record this holy Bishop, Plechelmus or Plechelnus, at this same date. The Rev. Alban
Butler63 givesanaccountofSt. Plechelm,Bishop,Confessor,andApostleof Guelderland, at the 15th of July. This holy saint was greatly venerated in Scotland. 6* In the " Menologium Scoticum" of Thomas Dempster, St. Plechelmus is commemorated,65 at this date. 66 Among the Scottish Entries,
6 intheKalendarofDavidCamerarius,isarecord? ofthissaint,atthe15th
of
anonymous Calendar published by O'Sullevan Beare,
15th
July.
English Martyrology,
Henry 62
68 In the Circle of the Seasons, St. Plechelm is set down as a
A modern Protestant writer 7° describes the Irish as a race, who, without a government of their own, have sent forth colonies to aid in founding vast republics, and rulers to hold the reins of empire when
they had proved too weighty for the grasp of ordinary kings ; who, without an army of their own, have directed the tide of conquest in every land ;
who, without a parliament, have laid all legislative assemblies under obliga-
tion by the wisdom of their statesmen, and the unrivalled eloquence of their
orators; who, without a press, have added the choicest ornaments to the classic
iiterature of the world; who, without religious freedom, have guided theological
thought ; and without political freedom, they have taught other states vainly
calling themselves free, what freedom means, and how it may be permanently
1
won. ?
the Continent of Europe have abundantly demonstrated the services rendered to religion and civilization there during many past ages.
ArticleII. —St. Comman,SonofDiomma,orDimmai. Thelonely
hills and solitudes of our Island were once peopled with devoted men, who
were engaged in celebrating the praises of God, although it is now difficult to know where the exact dwelling places of many had been. In the Martyr-
of
and Confessor, at this same date. 69
Bishop
July.
If such remarks apply to the present century, our missionaries on
of 1 ology Tallagh,
at the
of there is an of Comman Mac 15th July, entry
Bern Kpiscopum. "
S3 In his " Lignum Vita. "
s* In his Benedictine Martyrology.
ss In"NaialibusSanctorumCanonico-
rum. "
s6InFastisBelgicisetBurgundicis. 57 In Martyrologium Gallicanum.
Salios,
pp. 50, 56.
63 See "Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs,
and other principal Saints," vol. vii. xv. July, 6*SeeBishopForbes'"KalendarsofScot-
tish Saints," p. 434.
:
6sThus "InOudenzeelPlechelmiepis-
copi Candida Casa, Belgii Apostoli, Rure-
s8 He
S. mundae T. patroni.
veteres Plechelmi Episc. Candida Casa. "
ML. '' See ibid. , p. 205.
says: "Apud
59 In these words: " S. Plechelmi Ep.
6? Thus : " Sanctus Plechelinus Episcopus
Candicasensis sub ArchiepiscopoEboracensi, Candida Casa. " 68
^Seep. 197.
'"Rev. A. O'Conor, B. A. , T. C. D. nSee"A oftheIrish "
book —
i. Manchester,1876,8vo.
monachiinAnglia. HieAldezaelrequiescit See
corporaliter, excepto sinistro brachio. "
Bishop
:
60Hehas "Oldenzalia,urbeprovincia
Transilulana, asservatur caput et pracipua
S. Plechelmi Scotia, pars Ruramunda. "
Episcopi
in
History People.
pars corporis
61 Of John Wilson, in the first and second edition.
•*See Hi«torire CflthoHcse IberniaCom- Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. pendium," tomus i. , lib. iv. , cap. xi. , xii. , 194, 195.
Kelly, p. xxix. "2
**
Forbes' "Kalendarsof Scottish Saints," p. 239.
Article ii.
«
Edited by Rev. Dr.
July 15. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
245
Dimmai. We find registered the name Comman, son of Diomma, in the Martyrology of Donegal,* at the same date, but no further particulars are given.
Article III. —The Sons of Earcan, of Brugh-laogh. We find a festival entered, to honour Mac Ercain, at the 15th of July, and the Martyr-
J calls his
2
of
it Brugh-laogh, and the sons of Earcan are set down, without any specifica- tion of their actual number or particular nnmes. Their place has not been identified.
ology
Tallagh
place Bruigh-long,
while that of
Donegal
spells
Article IV. —St. Ron Son of Magh. In the of
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. io4> I9S-
the Calendar of Oengus, p. ex.
—
Article iv
'
Edited
Rev. Dr.
—
margin
:
Kelly, p. xxix.
2 A note by Dr. Todd says at Ronan :
"The more recent hand adds here," mac
mAgi [son of Magh]. " For this the
Martyrologies of Tallagh and of Marianus O'Gorrrian are quoted.
3 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
! 94» J95' — Article v.
Simon, ttlA-oiAn if triAcViA pA^chAlon, Uom<\f, CacIia
pecuj\, 4nt>|\iAr\ pilip, pt>l, eoin ocuf n<YOA lAcob.
—
x
In the "Leabhar Breac" copy is the following Irish rami, translated
into English, by Whitley Stokes, LL. D.
Utoa AppuloeAC OofopcAC cech n
"The twelve Apostles who excel every number, before a countless host Jesus dis- tributed them among Adam's seed. " —
—Ibid. , p. cxviii.
3 This is headed
nix," and then follow these lines :
T)a pinen, "oa cholutn cIiait), Cia|\ah, CAirroech, Com^All c&in, T)a br\enAino, UuA-OAin colli,
rurroet), ttlobn mac rtACfpaech.
1 an, Martyrology Tallagh,
atthisdate,thereisanentryRonanimicMagi. Venerationwasgivento
2
Ronan, son of Magh, at the 15th of July, as we find inserted in the Martyr-
ology of Donegal. 3
ArticleV. —FestivaloftheTwelveApostles. IntheancientIrish Church, on the 15th day of July, was celebrated the Festival of the Twelve Apostles, as we read in the "Feilire"1 of St. ^Engus. There is an Irish stanza annexed,2 in which those Twelve Apostles are severally named ; and succeeding it, there is another,3 enumerating the Twelve Apostles of Ireland. This ancient Festival, styled the Separation of the Apostles of Christ for their Missions in various parts of the old world, has been often alluded to by the early Greek and Latin Fathers. The Bollandists,* who place it at the 15th ofJuly,havealearneddisquisition5 onitsoriginandhistory,towhichthe reader is referred.
Article VI. —St. Harruch, Bishop of Verden, in Saxony.
"
Article hi. — 1 Kelly, p. xxix.
3
Edited
by
Rev.
Dr.
"'Transactions of the Irish Royal
by
'
Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. On
a
On the lower
are these lines
Thus translated into English
:
"
Simon, Matthaeus and Matthew, Bartholomew, Thomas, Thaddaeus, Peter, Andrew, Philip, Paul,
John and the two Jameses. "
"
XII. Apostoli Hiber-
The
246 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 16.
feast of Harruch lias been placed at the 15th of July, by Arnold Wion,1 Dorgain, Menard and Bucelin. At first, being a native of Scotia, he became Abbot of Amarbaricense ; and afterwards, he was the eighth bishop in order over the See of Verden, in Saxony. He was a man abounding in all the virtues, yet his Acts and period have not been clearly ascertained. 2 The English Martyrologies, Father Stephen White, 3 and Father Henry Fitzsimon, record St. Harruc, Bishop, at the 15th of July. The name Harruc occurs,
likewise, in the anonymous Calendar of Irish Saints, published by O'Sullevan Beared TheBollandists,swhiledoubtingthewarrantforenrollinghisname among the saints, and showing certain—misstatements of some Calendarists regardinghim,insertnoticesatthisday statedtobethatonwhichhisdeath occurred. At this date, Thomas Dempster 6 also enters his festival, and of course makes him a saint of Scotland ; while Camerarius and Lesley support the same conclusion.
Article VII. —Reputed Feast of St. Vincentius Madelgarius. In a certain Calendar, Father Boland found a festival entered at the 15th of
1 but it was
for that holy man's feast, which is properly referable to the day preceding.
£>ijrteentl) 2Baj) of 3ulp,
ARTICLE I. —ST. BRECCAN OR BRECAN, OF CLUAIN-CATHA, ABBOT OF MOVILLE, COUNTY OF DONEGAL, AND BISHOP OF ARD- BRECAIN, COUNTY OF xMEATH.
[SIXTH AND SEVENTH CENTURIES. ]
notices left us in the Irish Calendars and by our writers on Irish
July,
for St. Vincentius
Madelgarius,
probably
a mistaken
entry
THE
and are also they
ecclesiastical are here at best but
meagre,
history
confusing to a degree, that leaves us very uncertain regarding their adaptability
which statement, there appears to be no warrant.
2
Thus translated into English :" The Twelve
: Apostles of Ireland —
" Two Finnens, two chaste
Ciaran, Caindech, fair Comgall, Two Brenainns, Ruadan with splen-
" lib. xxix. Metropolis," i. , cap.
3
See "Apologia pro Hibernia," cap. iv. , p. 44.
* See " Historic Catholics Ibernice Com- pendium," tomus i. , lib. iv. , cap. xi. , xii. , PP. So, 55-
5 see « Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. ,
Julii xv. 6 to 16.
De Divisione Apostolorum," pp.
p. 3. 6""
s
By
Father Guilielmus
Cuper, S. J.
This
"
In his Menologium Scoticum thus : Yerdae Harruchi abbatis Amarbaracensis
dour,
Nindid, Mobii, son of Natfraech.
"
—Unci. , p. cxviii.
4 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. ,
Julii
xv.
Among
the
pretermitted saints,
is written in three sections, consisting of 44
paragraphs.
*
Article vi. — This Martyrologist, while
—
et episcopi octavi, et martyris, B. " Bishop
calling him Bishop of Verden, a Ids, that he
p. 205. — Article VII.
Colombs,
See the Bollandisls was also a martyr about a. d. 831 ; for "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Julii xv.
Such is the statement of Krantzius, in
Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish Saints,"
'
July 16. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 247
to one and the same person. It must be difficult, therefore, to form a correct judgment from the data that remain for our consideration ; however, the accounts being inherently obscure ought to serve as an apology for the incom- plete and perhaps disconnected form in which they are here presented.
•
Cathe,
at the 1 6th of July. There was a CluainCatha, now called Battlefield, a town-
2
Yet, this does not seem to have been his place. We are told, that Brecan belonged
totheraceofEoghan,sonofNiall. Inthiscase,itseemsprobable,thathewas
The name of Cluan Brecan,
occurs in the of Martyrology Tallagh
land and a gentleman's seat in the barony of Corran, and county of Sligo.
borninthe — ofInnishowen,inthenorthofIreland. liefirst
present peninsula
—some before the years
saw the light
beginning of the seventh century. One very doubtful account has it, that St. Brecan, who gave name to the foundation at Ardbraccan,3 was son to Eochaidh Balldearg, Prince of Thomond, and grandson to Carthen Finn, first Christian ruler of that territory. The Cluain-Catha, to which allusion has been made, in the present saint's case, may be sought for within the barony of Inishowen, in the county of Donegal. Yet, it now appears to be an obsolete denomina- tion. After a careful search among the townland names of Ireland, no etymon corresponding with it in that locality can be discovered, except it be Cloncha or Clonca. This is now a parish, in which there are traces of a primitive monastery with these of several churches or cells, the names of which <nrenotknown. Bothhistoryandtraditionmentionaconventualchurchat Malin, of which the only vestiges at present are a heap of stones. There are numerous remains of antiquity, as also natural curiosities in this neigh- bourhood. Pilgrimageswereperformedtothisplace,andtheseterminated by bathing in a small hollow, among the rocks at Malin Head. This cavity is filled at every tide, and it was reputed to effect the cure of various diseases. Tiie old church of Cloncha 4 is now into ruin. It is to have
so far as we can
reasonably conjecture
falling thought
been formerly an abbey or a priory. Near it there is a stone pillar s orna- mented with scrolls and emblems. It is apparently the shaft of a cross ; for, the upper part, broken off, lies at some distance. A curious Druidical circle,
6
and what is called Ossian's grave, at Umgal, in this parish, are shown.
The O'Clerys state, that he was Abbot of Magh-bile,? now Moville, a small market and post town, in the parish of Lower Moville, barony of Innis- howen,andcountyofDonegal. Thetownisatthesouth-easternextremity
of the parish, and it is finely situated on the western shore of Lough Foyle.
It lies about fifteen north-north-east from 8 The town miles, Londonderry.
there is clean and regular, and as the place has become a great resort for sea-bathers in the summer season,? while the strongly impregnated marine waters of Lough Foyle ebb and flow at convenient times, so various lodging and private houses have been fitted up for the accommodation of visitors, a
the — feasts, Among pretermitted p.
2.
Rev. Dr.
tival has been assigned to the 6th of Decem- "
Article Kelly, p. xxix.
'
Edited
ber Duald Mac Firbis. See Proceed- by
2
ings of the Royal Irish Academy," Irish See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. , pp.
1.
by*
Four Masters," vol. iii. , n. (o), p. 290.
3 See Harris' Ware, vol. ii. , "Writers of
Ireland," book i. , chap, iv. , p. 3 .
4 It has been suffered to lapse into decay
86, 87.
8 See "Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ire-
land," vol. ii. , p. 810.
9 The accompanying illustrationof this town
from a photograph, furnished by William Laurence, O'Connell-street, Dublin, has been drawn on the wood by William F. Wakeman. The engraving is by Mrs. Millard.
since 1827.
s It is eighteen feet high.
6 See Lewis' "
ofIreland,"vol. i. , pp. 351,352,andvol. ii. , p, 338.
Topographical Dictionary
7 This appears to be the saint, whose fes-
,0 See Third Volume of the present work,
248 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 16.
small inn being also greatly availed of. It is sheltered from westerly gales,
by the Slievesnaght and Craignamaddy 'Mountains. The scenery surround- ing the town is remarkably grand. The religious foundation here dates back
10
who when he came into Innishowen met the three Deachnans, the sons of his sister, in the country of Ailill, son of
. 0 the days of St. Patrick,
11 Thereheordained sonofAilill,and on Oengus, remaining Sunday,
Eoghan.
hat place received the name of Domhnach-bile. 12 Its original designation
Moville, County of Donegal.
u
Plain of the Sacred Trees," 13 which it still bears. The ruins of the old church are situated, however, in the townland of Cooly, 14 in the parish of Upper Moville, and beside them stands a large stone cross. There are no very distinct traces of th—is religious foundation in our ecclesias-
was probably Magh-bile, or
—icalAnnals forabbotsand
connectedwithit
certainwriters
I5
t
in
ofDown. NorcanwefindtowhichofthoseplacestheO'Clerysassignthe
rather belonged
;
bishops to the better known
by
Magh-bile, or Moville, the county
ful to the pride of their tribe.
13 See " Acts of Archbishop Colton in his
Metropolitan Visitation of the Diocese of Derry, a. d. mcccxcvii," edited by the Rev. William Reeves, D. D. , M. R. I. A. Addi-
tional Notes. F, pp. 121, 122, and n. (r), ibid.
at the 17th of March, Art. i. Life of St.
Patrick, Apostle of Ireland, chap. xiv.
" This is stated, in an old Irish Life of St.
Patrick, discovered many years back by Eugene O'Curry, among the Irish Manu- scripts, belonging to the British Museum.
" It is generally supposed, that wherever St. Patrick remained on a Sunday—espe-
cially when any religious establishment had
been there founded—that it received the de-
nomination Domhnach ; while the word bile
was used by the ancient Irish to determine
the site of a large tree, under which their
chieftain was inaugurated. Hence it was at the County of Down, Moville, pp. 124 to regarded as a sacred tree, and one held in 126, he introduces some of those Abbots,
high veneration by the clansmen. To cut it while his references to the "Annals of the "
down was considered to be the greatest Four Masters are not to be found in Dr. triumph of their enemies, and most reproach- O'Donovan's accurate edition.
14 The townlands
Cooly,
Carrownaff,
Glencrow and Tiryrone were held under the
See of Derry.
15 As in the case of Archdall. See
'
'Monasticon Hibernicum," County of Done- gal, Moville, p.
quae Candida casa vocatur, quae nuper mul- tiplicatis fidelium plebibus, in sedem Pon- tificatus—addita, ipsum primum habet Antis- titem. " "Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis
Anglorum," lib. v. , cap. xxiv.
p. 33.
*° So called from the River Roer or Ruhr,
on which it is built, at its junction with the Meuse.
38 See Rev. Dr. J. F. S. Gordon's " Sco-
tichronicon," vol. i. , p. 67.
39 It is said to have been so called after
4 * This had been built on the River
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
promote the Faith among them. This penitential course of life Pepin followed,
until his death took in in the castle'of place 714,
July 15. ]
243
Jopil,*
withstanding, God's holy servant did not cease from the duty of ministration
while here ; for, he engaged indefatigably in arduous works of the ministry. It is related, that he lived to the age of one hundred years, and that he was
all the
were healed at his tomb.
For over one hundred years, the remains of St. Plechelm and his holy
companions were preserved in the church of Mons S. Odilise, until that cele- brated invasion of the Normans, which occurred in the middle of the ninth century. Then, the relics of Saints Wiro, Plechelm and Otger were removed to Utrecht. Baldricus, Bishop of Utrecht, caused the head and chief part of St. Plechelm's body to be transferred to the church of Oldenzel, in the dio- cese of Daventer. Of this place, our saint is regarded as the patron, and his office, as a double of the First-class with an Octave, was there recited. He was also greatly venerated in Mons S. Odiliae, and at Rurimonde. We have already seen, how the church and monastery of St. Peter had been destroyed, in the latter place, and how for a time, the relics of the saints had been lost. ** The bodies of Saints Wiro and Plechelmus, Bishops, with that of St. Otger, deacon, were placed within the altar of the cathedral church.
loved greatly by
Full of —and of people. years virtues,
he rendered his spirittothegreatCreator,ontheIdesofJuly correspondingwiththe15th day of this month. The year for his demise has been set down, at 732. 43 He was buried in a church, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, and situated on the mountain top. His relics became instruments for working many miracles, which afterwards took place, through his intercession. Several afflicted persons
An
" Partes
In various Continental as in our insular Calendars, this holy bishop is
was added on the base to this effect
SS. Wironis, Plechelmi et Otgeri. " The calamities of that time caused the relics and that inscription buried among ruins to pass into oblivion. How- ever, they were once more recovered in the year 1594, and in the church of the Holy Ghost was found that interesting inscription on the base of its altar. This discovery, with an office of a double rite, was celebrated on Tuesday after the Festival of the Most Holy Trinity. In the time of Miraeus,4* the head of St. Plechelmus was preserved at the church of Oldenseel, in the diocese of Daventer, and this relic was much venerated, by the people.
inscription
:
Reliquiarum
commemorated, at the 15th of July. Especially, in the Belgian, Utrecht,46 Cologne 47 and Treves < 8 Marty rologies is his feast inserted. Thus, in the additions to Usuard's Martyrology, by Hermann Greven ;49 in the Florarius Manuscript 5° in John Molan 51 and in Peter Canisius ? * the festival of this
;
Meuse.
42 See an account of this finely situated
in " Gazetteer of the World," vol.
city, viii. ,
pp. 728, 729.
43 See Rev. Alban Butler's " Lives of the
Fathers, Martyrs, and other principal Saints,'' vol. vii. , July xv.
44 An account of these events may be found, in the Life of St. Wiro, at the 8th of May, in the Fifth Volume of this work, Art. i. , chap. ii.
45 See "Fasti Belgici et Burgundici," p. 420.
46 In the Manuscript Martyrology of St. Mary's church: "Plechelmi Confessoris et Pontificis. " On the margin is inscribed, Aldenzale.
;
1 near 2 Not- Liege/
47 In the edition of 1490, "Ipso die, S. Plechelmi Ep. Conf.
"
49 Printed at Cologne, a. d. 1515 and 1521 :
48 In the of St.
Martin,
"
Manuscript Martyrology Plechelmi Confessoris. "
Plechelmi Tweintiensis Episcopi et Con- fessoris in Aldensel quiescentis.
5° Thus : "Item S. Plechelmi Ep. et Con- fessoris : obiit anno salutis dccxxxii.
5I In the first edition of his additions to
Usuard,publishedintheyear1568. Inthe later editions of Usuard, Mplanus has " Civi- tate Oudensele, natale S. Plechelmi Ep. " Also in his Natales, and Indiculus Sancto- rum Belgii.
52 In both editions of his German Martyr-
ology, where our saint is styled
"
Twentien-
244 LIVES CI- THE IRISH SAINTS [July 15.
holy Bishop is commemorated,. at the present date. In like manner, Arnold
Wion,53 HughMenard,5* BenedictDorgain, ConstantineGhinius,'* Miraeus,56
5? 8
andAndrewSaussay, havenotices. Also,Ferrarius,5 aManuscriptKalendar
6° oftheOrderofSt. Benedict^andBalduinWillot, recordSt. Plechelm,atthe
The
61 Father
Fitzsimon and the record this holy Bishop, Plechelmus or Plechelnus, at this same date. The Rev. Alban
Butler63 givesanaccountofSt. Plechelm,Bishop,Confessor,andApostleof Guelderland, at the 15th of July. This holy saint was greatly venerated in Scotland. 6* In the " Menologium Scoticum" of Thomas Dempster, St. Plechelmus is commemorated,65 at this date. 66 Among the Scottish Entries,
6 intheKalendarofDavidCamerarius,isarecord? ofthissaint,atthe15th
of
anonymous Calendar published by O'Sullevan Beare,
15th
July.
English Martyrology,
Henry 62
68 In the Circle of the Seasons, St. Plechelm is set down as a
A modern Protestant writer 7° describes the Irish as a race, who, without a government of their own, have sent forth colonies to aid in founding vast republics, and rulers to hold the reins of empire when
they had proved too weighty for the grasp of ordinary kings ; who, without an army of their own, have directed the tide of conquest in every land ;
who, without a parliament, have laid all legislative assemblies under obliga-
tion by the wisdom of their statesmen, and the unrivalled eloquence of their
orators; who, without a press, have added the choicest ornaments to the classic
iiterature of the world; who, without religious freedom, have guided theological
thought ; and without political freedom, they have taught other states vainly
calling themselves free, what freedom means, and how it may be permanently
1
won. ?
the Continent of Europe have abundantly demonstrated the services rendered to religion and civilization there during many past ages.
ArticleII. —St. Comman,SonofDiomma,orDimmai. Thelonely
hills and solitudes of our Island were once peopled with devoted men, who
were engaged in celebrating the praises of God, although it is now difficult to know where the exact dwelling places of many had been. In the Martyr-
of
and Confessor, at this same date. 69
Bishop
July.
If such remarks apply to the present century, our missionaries on
of 1 ology Tallagh,
at the
of there is an of Comman Mac 15th July, entry
Bern Kpiscopum. "
S3 In his " Lignum Vita. "
s* In his Benedictine Martyrology.
ss In"NaialibusSanctorumCanonico-
rum. "
s6InFastisBelgicisetBurgundicis. 57 In Martyrologium Gallicanum.
Salios,
pp. 50, 56.
63 See "Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs,
and other principal Saints," vol. vii. xv. July, 6*SeeBishopForbes'"KalendarsofScot-
tish Saints," p. 434.
:
6sThus "InOudenzeelPlechelmiepis-
copi Candida Casa, Belgii Apostoli, Rure-
s8 He
S. mundae T. patroni.
veteres Plechelmi Episc. Candida Casa. "
ML. '' See ibid. , p. 205.
says: "Apud
59 In these words: " S. Plechelmi Ep.
6? Thus : " Sanctus Plechelinus Episcopus
Candicasensis sub ArchiepiscopoEboracensi, Candida Casa. " 68
^Seep. 197.
'"Rev. A. O'Conor, B. A. , T. C. D. nSee"A oftheIrish "
book —
i. Manchester,1876,8vo.
monachiinAnglia. HieAldezaelrequiescit See
corporaliter, excepto sinistro brachio. "
Bishop
:
60Hehas "Oldenzalia,urbeprovincia
Transilulana, asservatur caput et pracipua
S. Plechelmi Scotia, pars Ruramunda. "
Episcopi
in
History People.
pars corporis
61 Of John Wilson, in the first and second edition.
•*See Hi«torire CflthoHcse IberniaCom- Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. pendium," tomus i. , lib. iv. , cap. xi. , xii. , 194, 195.
Kelly, p. xxix. "2
**
Forbes' "Kalendarsof Scottish Saints," p. 239.
Article ii.
«
Edited by Rev. Dr.
July 15. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
245
Dimmai. We find registered the name Comman, son of Diomma, in the Martyrology of Donegal,* at the same date, but no further particulars are given.
Article III. —The Sons of Earcan, of Brugh-laogh. We find a festival entered, to honour Mac Ercain, at the 15th of July, and the Martyr-
J calls his
2
of
it Brugh-laogh, and the sons of Earcan are set down, without any specifica- tion of their actual number or particular nnmes. Their place has not been identified.
ology
Tallagh
place Bruigh-long,
while that of
Donegal
spells
Article IV. —St. Ron Son of Magh. In the of
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. io4> I9S-
the Calendar of Oengus, p. ex.
—
Article iv
'
Edited
Rev. Dr.
—
margin
:
Kelly, p. xxix.
2 A note by Dr. Todd says at Ronan :
"The more recent hand adds here," mac
mAgi [son of Magh]. " For this the
Martyrologies of Tallagh and of Marianus O'Gorrrian are quoted.
3 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
! 94» J95' — Article v.
Simon, ttlA-oiAn if triAcViA pA^chAlon, Uom<\f, CacIia
pecuj\, 4nt>|\iAr\ pilip, pt>l, eoin ocuf n<YOA lAcob.
—
x
In the "Leabhar Breac" copy is the following Irish rami, translated
into English, by Whitley Stokes, LL. D.
Utoa AppuloeAC OofopcAC cech n
"The twelve Apostles who excel every number, before a countless host Jesus dis- tributed them among Adam's seed. " —
—Ibid. , p. cxviii.
3 This is headed
nix," and then follow these lines :
T)a pinen, "oa cholutn cIiait), Cia|\ah, CAirroech, Com^All c&in, T)a br\enAino, UuA-OAin colli,
rurroet), ttlobn mac rtACfpaech.
1 an, Martyrology Tallagh,
atthisdate,thereisanentryRonanimicMagi. Venerationwasgivento
2
Ronan, son of Magh, at the 15th of July, as we find inserted in the Martyr-
ology of Donegal. 3
ArticleV. —FestivaloftheTwelveApostles. IntheancientIrish Church, on the 15th day of July, was celebrated the Festival of the Twelve Apostles, as we read in the "Feilire"1 of St. ^Engus. There is an Irish stanza annexed,2 in which those Twelve Apostles are severally named ; and succeeding it, there is another,3 enumerating the Twelve Apostles of Ireland. This ancient Festival, styled the Separation of the Apostles of Christ for their Missions in various parts of the old world, has been often alluded to by the early Greek and Latin Fathers. The Bollandists,* who place it at the 15th ofJuly,havealearneddisquisition5 onitsoriginandhistory,towhichthe reader is referred.
Article VI. —St. Harruch, Bishop of Verden, in Saxony.
"
Article hi. — 1 Kelly, p. xxix.
3
Edited
by
Rev.
Dr.
"'Transactions of the Irish Royal
by
'
Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. On
a
On the lower
are these lines
Thus translated into English
:
"
Simon, Matthaeus and Matthew, Bartholomew, Thomas, Thaddaeus, Peter, Andrew, Philip, Paul,
John and the two Jameses. "
"
XII. Apostoli Hiber-
The
246 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 16.
feast of Harruch lias been placed at the 15th of July, by Arnold Wion,1 Dorgain, Menard and Bucelin. At first, being a native of Scotia, he became Abbot of Amarbaricense ; and afterwards, he was the eighth bishop in order over the See of Verden, in Saxony. He was a man abounding in all the virtues, yet his Acts and period have not been clearly ascertained. 2 The English Martyrologies, Father Stephen White, 3 and Father Henry Fitzsimon, record St. Harruc, Bishop, at the 15th of July. The name Harruc occurs,
likewise, in the anonymous Calendar of Irish Saints, published by O'Sullevan Beared TheBollandists,swhiledoubtingthewarrantforenrollinghisname among the saints, and showing certain—misstatements of some Calendarists regardinghim,insertnoticesatthisday statedtobethatonwhichhisdeath occurred. At this date, Thomas Dempster 6 also enters his festival, and of course makes him a saint of Scotland ; while Camerarius and Lesley support the same conclusion.
Article VII. —Reputed Feast of St. Vincentius Madelgarius. In a certain Calendar, Father Boland found a festival entered at the 15th of
1 but it was
for that holy man's feast, which is properly referable to the day preceding.
£>ijrteentl) 2Baj) of 3ulp,
ARTICLE I. —ST. BRECCAN OR BRECAN, OF CLUAIN-CATHA, ABBOT OF MOVILLE, COUNTY OF DONEGAL, AND BISHOP OF ARD- BRECAIN, COUNTY OF xMEATH.
[SIXTH AND SEVENTH CENTURIES. ]
notices left us in the Irish Calendars and by our writers on Irish
July,
for St. Vincentius
Madelgarius,
probably
a mistaken
entry
THE
and are also they
ecclesiastical are here at best but
meagre,
history
confusing to a degree, that leaves us very uncertain regarding their adaptability
which statement, there appears to be no warrant.
2
Thus translated into English :" The Twelve
: Apostles of Ireland —
" Two Finnens, two chaste
Ciaran, Caindech, fair Comgall, Two Brenainns, Ruadan with splen-
" lib. xxix. Metropolis," i. , cap.
3
See "Apologia pro Hibernia," cap. iv. , p. 44.
* See " Historic Catholics Ibernice Com- pendium," tomus i. , lib. iv. , cap. xi. , xii. , PP. So, 55-
5 see « Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. ,
Julii xv. 6 to 16.
De Divisione Apostolorum," pp.
p. 3. 6""
s
By
Father Guilielmus
Cuper, S. J.
This
"
In his Menologium Scoticum thus : Yerdae Harruchi abbatis Amarbaracensis
dour,
Nindid, Mobii, son of Natfraech.
"
—Unci. , p. cxviii.
4 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. ,
Julii
xv.
Among
the
pretermitted saints,
is written in three sections, consisting of 44
paragraphs.
*
Article vi. — This Martyrologist, while
—
et episcopi octavi, et martyris, B. " Bishop
calling him Bishop of Verden, a Ids, that he
p. 205. — Article VII.
Colombs,
See the Bollandisls was also a martyr about a. d. 831 ; for "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Julii xv.
Such is the statement of Krantzius, in
Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish Saints,"
'
July 16. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 247
to one and the same person. It must be difficult, therefore, to form a correct judgment from the data that remain for our consideration ; however, the accounts being inherently obscure ought to serve as an apology for the incom- plete and perhaps disconnected form in which they are here presented.
•
Cathe,
at the 1 6th of July. There was a CluainCatha, now called Battlefield, a town-
2
Yet, this does not seem to have been his place. We are told, that Brecan belonged
totheraceofEoghan,sonofNiall. Inthiscase,itseemsprobable,thathewas
The name of Cluan Brecan,
occurs in the of Martyrology Tallagh
land and a gentleman's seat in the barony of Corran, and county of Sligo.
borninthe — ofInnishowen,inthenorthofIreland. liefirst
present peninsula
—some before the years
saw the light
beginning of the seventh century. One very doubtful account has it, that St. Brecan, who gave name to the foundation at Ardbraccan,3 was son to Eochaidh Balldearg, Prince of Thomond, and grandson to Carthen Finn, first Christian ruler of that territory. The Cluain-Catha, to which allusion has been made, in the present saint's case, may be sought for within the barony of Inishowen, in the county of Donegal. Yet, it now appears to be an obsolete denomina- tion. After a careful search among the townland names of Ireland, no etymon corresponding with it in that locality can be discovered, except it be Cloncha or Clonca. This is now a parish, in which there are traces of a primitive monastery with these of several churches or cells, the names of which <nrenotknown. Bothhistoryandtraditionmentionaconventualchurchat Malin, of which the only vestiges at present are a heap of stones. There are numerous remains of antiquity, as also natural curiosities in this neigh- bourhood. Pilgrimageswereperformedtothisplace,andtheseterminated by bathing in a small hollow, among the rocks at Malin Head. This cavity is filled at every tide, and it was reputed to effect the cure of various diseases. Tiie old church of Cloncha 4 is now into ruin. It is to have
so far as we can
reasonably conjecture
falling thought
been formerly an abbey or a priory. Near it there is a stone pillar s orna- mented with scrolls and emblems. It is apparently the shaft of a cross ; for, the upper part, broken off, lies at some distance. A curious Druidical circle,
6
and what is called Ossian's grave, at Umgal, in this parish, are shown.
The O'Clerys state, that he was Abbot of Magh-bile,? now Moville, a small market and post town, in the parish of Lower Moville, barony of Innis- howen,andcountyofDonegal. Thetownisatthesouth-easternextremity
of the parish, and it is finely situated on the western shore of Lough Foyle.
It lies about fifteen north-north-east from 8 The town miles, Londonderry.
there is clean and regular, and as the place has become a great resort for sea-bathers in the summer season,? while the strongly impregnated marine waters of Lough Foyle ebb and flow at convenient times, so various lodging and private houses have been fitted up for the accommodation of visitors, a
the — feasts, Among pretermitted p.
2.
Rev. Dr.
tival has been assigned to the 6th of Decem- "
Article Kelly, p. xxix.
'
Edited
ber Duald Mac Firbis. See Proceed- by
2
ings of the Royal Irish Academy," Irish See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. , pp.
1.
by*
Four Masters," vol. iii. , n. (o), p. 290.
3 See Harris' Ware, vol. ii. , "Writers of
Ireland," book i. , chap, iv. , p. 3 .
4 It has been suffered to lapse into decay
86, 87.
8 See "Parliamentary Gazetteer of Ire-
land," vol. ii. , p. 810.
9 The accompanying illustrationof this town
from a photograph, furnished by William Laurence, O'Connell-street, Dublin, has been drawn on the wood by William F. Wakeman. The engraving is by Mrs. Millard.
since 1827.
s It is eighteen feet high.
6 See Lewis' "
ofIreland,"vol. i. , pp. 351,352,andvol. ii. , p, 338.
Topographical Dictionary
7 This appears to be the saint, whose fes-
,0 See Third Volume of the present work,
248 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 16.
small inn being also greatly availed of. It is sheltered from westerly gales,
by the Slievesnaght and Craignamaddy 'Mountains. The scenery surround- ing the town is remarkably grand. The religious foundation here dates back
10
who when he came into Innishowen met the three Deachnans, the sons of his sister, in the country of Ailill, son of
. 0 the days of St. Patrick,
11 Thereheordained sonofAilill,and on Oengus, remaining Sunday,
Eoghan.
hat place received the name of Domhnach-bile. 12 Its original designation
Moville, County of Donegal.
u
Plain of the Sacred Trees," 13 which it still bears. The ruins of the old church are situated, however, in the townland of Cooly, 14 in the parish of Upper Moville, and beside them stands a large stone cross. There are no very distinct traces of th—is religious foundation in our ecclesias-
was probably Magh-bile, or
—icalAnnals forabbotsand
connectedwithit
certainwriters
I5
t
in
ofDown. NorcanwefindtowhichofthoseplacestheO'Clerysassignthe
rather belonged
;
bishops to the better known
by
Magh-bile, or Moville, the county
ful to the pride of their tribe.
13 See " Acts of Archbishop Colton in his
Metropolitan Visitation of the Diocese of Derry, a. d. mcccxcvii," edited by the Rev. William Reeves, D. D. , M. R. I. A. Addi-
tional Notes. F, pp. 121, 122, and n. (r), ibid.
at the 17th of March, Art. i. Life of St.
Patrick, Apostle of Ireland, chap. xiv.
" This is stated, in an old Irish Life of St.
Patrick, discovered many years back by Eugene O'Curry, among the Irish Manu- scripts, belonging to the British Museum.
" It is generally supposed, that wherever St. Patrick remained on a Sunday—espe-
cially when any religious establishment had
been there founded—that it received the de-
nomination Domhnach ; while the word bile
was used by the ancient Irish to determine
the site of a large tree, under which their
chieftain was inaugurated. Hence it was at the County of Down, Moville, pp. 124 to regarded as a sacred tree, and one held in 126, he introduces some of those Abbots,
high veneration by the clansmen. To cut it while his references to the "Annals of the "
down was considered to be the greatest Four Masters are not to be found in Dr. triumph of their enemies, and most reproach- O'Donovan's accurate edition.
14 The townlands
Cooly,
Carrownaff,
Glencrow and Tiryrone were held under the
See of Derry.
15 As in the case of Archdall. See
'
'Monasticon Hibernicum," County of Done- gal, Moville, p.
