No More Learning

"I do not, however, pretend to say, that this pronunci-
ation will, in all cases, improve the harmony of the. verse:
but, in some instances, it certainly will; and, on such occa-
sions, I conceive that the reader is perfectly at liberty to
consult his own ear -- perfectly justifiable in avoiding the
synaeresis, and preferring the dactyl to the spondee.
"Before I quit the subject of patronymics, I cannot for-
bear to notice a glaring error in the text of Ovid, which ap-
pears most unaccountably to have escaped the observation
of all his editors and commentators. It is in his Epist. 14,73--
Surge, age, Belide, de tot modo fratribus unus --
which, as it now stands, presents us with a trochee in the second
place; since the middle syllable in Belides (from Belus) is
undoubtedly short; and Ovid never could have thought of
introducing the name into his verse, without having recourse
to the poetic epcnthesis of the "A/' to produce a dactyl*
thus-- i
Surge, age, Beliade . . . . "
?
The same remark applies to Belidce, in Virgil, . iEn. 2,82 j
while Seneca (Here. (E. t. 960) presents us with an example
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? viii Preface.
of the inserted " A" in the feminine Bellas, Beliadot, for
Belts, Belidos, which furnishes the plural Belides, in the ac-
companying verse from Ovid, Met. 4, 468 --
^Stricto cruenta Bellas ferro stetit. (Sen.
? *. . Assiduse repetant, quas perdant, Betides undas. (Ov.
To return to the present " Clavis" -- Though I had origi-
nally intended it for the Dauphin edition alone, as being
most read in schools, a casual co-incidence induced me tc
extend its utility. While engaged in preparing it for the
press, I happened likewise to be engaged, as Editor, in pro-
ducing that new edition of Virgil, of "the Regent's Classics,'"
which (with the addition of the " Culex," &c. ) is now on the
eve of publication. Using Heyne's edition as my prototype,
I marked, in my progress, his corrections of the text; and,
wherever any one of them involves a poetic licence, I have
noticed it in this " Clavis;" which, therefore, in that as well
as in other respects, will prove more generally satisfactory
than tfie abridged " Clavis," annexed to the Dauphin Virgil;
an abridgement, for which I crave the public indulgence, if
it should be found to contain any inaccuracies -- the more
excusable, as the quotations are only single words, so liable
to mistakes, when detached from the context.
For the convenience of those who may wish to know, with-
out the labor of research, to what extent Virgil has indulged
in each particular species of metrical licence, I have, at the
end of the volume, given a recapitulatory " Synopsis" exhi-
biting the different species distributed into distinct classes --
each class at once presenting to the eye the whole number of
examples noticed in the " Clavis," with proper references to
the places where they severally occur.
West-Square JoHN CaRSY.
February 12, 1818.
-? ? .
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? CLAVIS METRICO-VIRGILIANA.
Eclogue 1.
33. Nee spes libertatis erat nee curS p&-\-culi
( peculii, peculii-- crasis.
39. Tityms hinc &be-\-rat zp-|-sse te ThyrS quercus
( aberat -- ccesura.
50. Non \n-\-sueta gra-\-xes tentabunt pabiila fetas
( insueta--syn&resis--though (N. B. )tfAeUE,
in Suesco and its derivatives, is rarely otherwise
than a single syllable.
69. Pauperis et tiigu-l-r? cora-|-gestum csespite ciilmen
( tugurii, tuguri -- crasis.
Eclogue 2.
24. amphion Dircseus in actse-|-o ara-|-cyntho
( Actseo -- ccesura--preserved.
53. (according to Professor Heyne's text)
addam cerea | prilna ^o-|-nos Srit huic quoque pomo
( pruna -- the A. preserved from elision.
65. Te Covy-\-don b $-|-lexi trahit suS quemque vo-
luptas
( O -- the interjection O never elided -- here
made short.
Eclogue 3. '
6. et succus peco-|-r? et | lac subducitur agnis
( pecori -- caesura --preserved.
58. incipe Damoeta tu | deinde se-|-querc' Mcnalca
( deinde -- syna? resis.
u
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? 2 Clavis Metrico-Virgiliana.
Eclogue 3.
63. Mfinera sunt lau-f-r? et | suave rubens hyacinthus
( laurl -- ccesura --preserved.
79. et 15ngum formose \a-\-le vfile \ Inquit iolla
( vale {the latter)--the E preservedfrom elision,
and shortened before the following vowel.
96. TItyre pascentes a flumine | retce c#-|-pellas.
( reice-- synceresis.
97. ips' ubi tempus &-\-rit om-\-nes In fonte ' lavabo
( erit -- ccesura.
Eclogue 4.
51. Terrasr|-g,we 2rac-|-tusque marls cceliimque' pro-
fundum.
( terrasque -- ccesura.
55. Non me carminibus vincet nee Thracius | orpheUs
( Orpheus -- diphthong.
57. Orphei | Calliopea Lino formosus apollo
( Orphei -- this Greek dative may [at the
reader's option) either he read as a dactyl
(orphei), or reduced by synceresis to a spondee
(orphei. )
61. Matrl longa de-\-cem ttile-\-runt ffistidia menses
( tulerunt -- systole.
Eclogue 5.
15. experiar tu | dehide ju-\-belo certet amyntas
( delnde -- synceresis.
71. Vina novum fiindam cala-\-thls dri-\-t'isid | nectar.
Eclogue 6. *
30. Nee tantiim Rhodope mlrantiir et Ismariis | orphei
( Orphea -- synceresis.
*3
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? Clavis Metrico-Virgiliana. 3
Eclogue 6.
42. Caucaseasque rgfert volucres furtumque' Prb-\
-methei
( Promethei -- synceresis.
44. Clamassent ut litiis Hf-\-ld Hyla ] oHmg sonaret
( Hyla (the first) the Asavedjrom elision, and
retained long : -- Hyla (the latter) the A saved
from elision, and shortened before the following
vowel.
53. ille latus ruveum molli {\A-\-tUs hya-\-cmtho
( fultus -- ccesura.
78. Aut ut miitatos Te-|-m <<ar-|-raverit artus
( Terei -- synceresis.
Eclogue 7.
7. VIr gregis Ipse ai-\-per deer-\-rav&rat atqu' ego
Daphnim
( derraverat -- crasis -- or d'erraverat, eli-
sion.
23. VersSbiis ille fa-\-clt out | si non possumtis omnia
( facit -- ccesura.
53. Stant et jiinipe-|-n et | castiine-|-^ #zr-|-sutre
( juniperl -- ccesura --preserved: castanciT: --
the same. N. B. the line is a spondaic verse.
54. Strata jacent passim sud qudque sub arbdre poma
( as given by Professor Heyne -- sua agreeing
with poma -- quaque with aibore.
Eclogue 6.
41. ut vid' iit peri-|-z Ut | me maids abstulit error
( peril -- caesura -- preserved.
44. . Aut Tmaros aut Rhbdb-|-pe aut | extremi G&ra-
mantes
( Rhodope -- ccesura -- preserved.
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? 4 Clavis Metrico-Virgiliana.
Eclogue 8.
55. Certent et cycnis ululiE sit Tityrus | orpheUs
56. orpheUs | In silvis inter delphlnas arlon
( Orpheus -- in both places, a diphthong,
70. Carminibus Circe socios miitavit xi-\-lyss&
( Ulyssel -- synceresis.
81. an' ? d-|-demqu' igni sic nostro Daphnis amore ?
'( eodem-- synceresis:-- iin'eo,-- a spondee.
108. Credimus | an qui #-|-mant IpsI sibi somniS fingiint
( qui --preserved from elision, and shortened
before the following vowel.
Eclogue 9.
66. Desine plura pu-|-er et \ quod nunc Instat agamus
( puer -- ccesura.
Eclogue 10.
12. ulla moram fecere nequ' aoni-|-e agdn~\-ippe
( Aoni-e, or -a, or -ae. -- However written,
the final syllable is preserved from elision by
the ccesura, and continues or is made long.
13. Ill' etiam lau-|'-r<< eti-\-am flevere myrlcjg
( laurl -- ccesura --preserved.
69. omnia vlncit a-\-mor et | nos cedamus amorl
( Amor -- ccesura.
Georgic 1.
4. Sit peco-|-ri api-\-bus quant' experientia parcls
(according to Heyne's edition)
( pecori--. caesura--preserved.
31. TequS sibi generjjm Te-]-thys emdt | omnibus
iindis
( Tethys ~~ ccesura.
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? Clavis Metrico-Virgiliana. . 5
Georgic 1.
106.
Deinde sa-J-tls fluvi' inducit rivosque sequentes
( delnde -- synceresis.
138. Pleia-|-rfas Hya-\-Aas claramque Lycaonis arcton
( Pleiadas-- ccesura*
153. LappaJ-I-^M^ tribti-\-\iqll, interque nitentia culta
( lappseque -- cacsura.
164. Tribula-|-gMe trdhe-\-seq\i' e't iniquo pondere rastrl
( tribulaque--ccesura.
165. VTrgea prseterea Celel villsque stipellex
( CeleT -- Three syllables -- all regular -- the
original Greek name being, not KijXsuj, KijAeof,
(as I have somewhere seen it mis-spelled) but
KfAeof, Ki\sov, as in Pausanias, Attic, and
Apollodorus, ITegi &eav, lib. i.
221. antS tlb' eo-\-ce a-f-tlantides abscondantur
( Eose -- ctesura -- preserved -- spondaic.
279. Cceumqu' iapetumque ' creat sSvumque' Tjr-|-phoea
( Typho-ea -- the EA a single syllable by
synceresis, as in Orphea, Eclogue 6, 30: -- pho,
a distinct long syllable -- an O-mega in the Greek
TvQmvs, as in Homer, II. B. 782, 783, and Hymn,
in Apoll. 367; tvith Hesiod, Theog. 821, 869--
In Latin, too, the pho is invariably a distinct long
syllable, as in the folloixing lines of Ovid, Met. 5,
321 ; Fast. 1, 573 ; 4, 491; and Valerius Flaccus,
6, 170 --
Emissumque ima de sede Typho-ea terrae --
Quas quoties proflat, spirare Typho-ea credas--
Alta jacet vasti super ora Typhb-eos iEtne.
. . . . Jupiter, atque imis Typho-ea verberat arvis.
281. Ter sunt cona-|-<< i>>? -|-ponere | Pelio | ossam
( conati -- ccesura --preserved. --Pelio, the O
preserved, and shortened. .
B3
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? 6 Clams Metrico-Virgiliana.
Georgic I.
295. Aut dulcls musti Vulcano decoqmt | hUmo-
r'Et foliis
( humor' Et -- synapheia, and elision. (See my
"Latin Prosody," sect. 54.
332. Ant atho | aut Rhodopen aut alta Cerauma telo
( Atho -- the O preserved from elision, and
shortened before the following vowel.
341. Tunc pingues ag-\-nl et | tunc mollissima vina
(as in Heyne's text)
( agni--ccesura--preserved.
352. mstus-\-que plHvi-\-asqn' ? t agentes frigora ventos
( aestusque--ccesura.
371. Eurl-|-gw Zephij-\-ricp\e toaat domiis omnia plenls
( Eurique -- ccesura.
397. Tenuia | nee lanS per cOelum vellera ferrl
( ten-wiS, OT-ten-via. (See Georgic 4, 297, and
my " Latin Prosody," sect. 47. )
437. GlaHco | et PSnb-|-_pl<< et | inoo Melicerta?
( Glauco -- the O preserved from elision. --
Panopeie -- the JE preserved, and made short
before the following vowel.
482. Fluvio-\-ium rex eridimus camposque per omnes
( fluviorum. -- fluvio might be read as an
anapaest, if the anapcest were certainly ad-
missible into the hexameter -. but it may more
properly be read as a spondee, fliiw-yo, or
fluv-yo. (See Georgic 4, 297, ond my " Latin
Prosody," sect. 47. )
Georgic 2.
MunSribus tibi pampineo gravi-\-dUs a<<2-|-ctumno
( gravidus -- ccesura -- the verse spondaic.
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? Clavis Metrico-Virgiliana. 7
Georgic 2.
69. Inseritur ver' ex fetu nucis arbutus | horri-
d'Et steriles
( horrid' Et -- synapheia, and elision.
71. Castanese fa-|-gws 5r-|-nusqu' Incanuit albo
( fagiis -- ccesura.
79. Finditiir In solidum cuneis via | deiudefe-\-races
( deinde -- synceresis.
86. orchades et radi-|-& et #-|-mara pausia bacca
( radii -- ccesura --preserved,
97. Sunt eti' | dmtne-\-se vites firmlssimS vina
or {according to Heyne's text)
Sunt e't a-\-mmce-\-^ vites, fyc.
( In these different readings (both supported by
ancient MSS. ) the quantity is warranted by ancient
authority -? -- Aminea scilicet a regione: nam
Aminei fuerunt, ubi nunc Falernura est. Macrob.
Sat. 3, 20.
Umbra necat teneras amineas *.
Sept. Seren. ap. T. Maur. Met. 284.
Solus qui Chium miscet et amineum.
Auson. Epist. 17, 19.
Succus amincecE vitis cum pane medetur.
Aut in amincco cochleas haurire Lyaeo --
Seren. Samon. capp. 30 Sf 38.
101. Non ego | te dls | et mensis accepta secundls
( diis, dls -- crasis.
121. Velleraqu' iit folils depectant | tenuia | Seres
( ten-wia, or ten-via -- (See Georgic 4, 297,
and my " Latin Prosody," sect. 47. )
* A Faliscan verse, or Dactylic Tetrameter Meiurus; for winch
metre, see my " Latin Prosody. "
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? 8 Clavis Metrico-Virgiliana.
Georgic 2.
129. Misct(e-\-runtqu' herbas et n5n innoxia verba
( miscue-, a dactyl by systole, or a spondee by
synceresis. '(" Latin Prosody," sect. 52. )
144. implevere t&ient o\? -\-ce ar-|-mentaque lata
( according to Heyne's text)
( oleS -- ccesura-- preserved.
180. Tenuis u-|-b' argllP et dumosis calculus arvls
( ten-wis, or ten-vis, as above in verse 121.
200. Non liquidl gregibus fontes non gramina | deerunt
( derunt-- crasis.
211. at rudis enitu-|-i? m-|-pulso vdmere campus
( enituit -- ccesura.
233. Si dee-\'X\va. t rarum pecoriqu' et vltibus almis
( si de^ may, at the reader's option, be
pronounced as a dactyl, the De becoming
short' before the following rowel -- or as a
spondee by crasis, as in verse 200 above.
344. Si non tanta quies Iret frlgusque c&-\-lorem-
qu' Inter
( caloremqu' Inter -- synapheia, and elision.
382. TnesSi-\-diH posuer' atqu' inter pociila Iseti
( Thesei is properly a dactyl, but may, by
synceresis, be read as a spondee, Thesel-|-dse,
or Thesl-|-dse.
443. Navigils pinos dbmibus ce-|-drosque' cu-\-pressos-
qu' Hinc
( cupressosqu' Hinc -- synapheia, a? id elision.
453. Corticibusque cavls vitiosSqu* ilicis | dived
( alveo -- synceresis.
464. flliisasqu' aur5 vestes ephyVeiaqu' sera
480. 5bjifcl-|-bus riiptis rursiisqu' In s' Ipsa resldant
( objicibus, of course, from objicio. See the
remark in sect. 51. of my " Latin Prosody. "
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? Claws Metrico-Virgiliana. 9
Georgic 2.
487. Sperchi-\-usqa' et vlrginibus bacchata Lacsenis
( Sperchius -- the pentdtima a diphthong in
Greek.
488. Tdyge-\-t' 5 qui me gelidis in vallibus Halml
Georgic 3.
44. Tdyge-\-iique canes domitrlxqu' epidafiriis equo-
rum
60. Stas Lucinam justosque pS-|-fi hyme-\-n&bs
( pati -- ccesura --preserved,. the H having
no effect.
76. altius ingredi-\-tar et | mollia crura reponit
( ingreditur -- ccesura.
118. tequus uterque \a-\-bor ^-|-que juvenemque' ma-
gistri
( labor-- ccesura. Perhaps, originally, labos:
hut the difference is of no consequence.
155. arcebis gravido peco-|-r? ar-|-mentaqu? pasces
( pecori -- ccesura --preserved.
167. Cervici sub-\-necte de-\-hinc ubi libera colla
( dehinc --- the E preserved from elision, and
shortened before the I.
168. Serviti' | dssue-\-rmt ipsis e torquibus aptos
(assi^e'rint -- syncope, for assueverint: --
assue -- synceresis -- a spondee.
189. lnvali-\-dus eti- -amque' tremens, e'tf Insciiis am
( invalidus -- ccesura.
242. omn' adeo ge'nus In terris hominumque'ie-|-r<<rSOT-
qu' Et genus
( ferarumqu' Et -- synapheia, and elision.
283. Miscue-|-runtqu' herbas et non Innoxia verba
( miscuerunt, as before in Georg. 2. 129.
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