2, is
recommended
by Cicero to Ser.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
(Eckhel.
v.
p.
196.
)
Cosconius marched into the territories of the Lari-
nates, Venusini, and Apulians, and conquered the
Poediculi in two days. Most modern commenta-
tors identify Egnatius and Trebatius, and suppose
that Appian has made a mistake in the name
(Schweigh. ad App. I. c. ); but Livy and Appian
probably speak of two different battles.
The above-named Cosconius seems to be the
same with the C. Cosconius who was sent into COSINGAS, a Thracian chief, and priest of
Illyricum, with the title of proconsul, about & c. Juno, whose stratagem for securing the obedience
78, and who conquered a great part of Dalmatia, of his people is related by Polyaenus. (Stratag.
took Salonae, and, after concluding the war, re-
vii. 22. )
[P. S. ]
turned to Rome at the end of two years' time. COSMAS (Koopās), a celebrated physician,
(Eutrop. vi. 4; Oros. v. 23; comp. Cic. pro Clu- saint, and martyr, who lived in the third and
ent. 35. )
fourth centuries after Christ. He is said to have
4. C. Cosconius CALIDIANUS, adopted froni / been the brother of St Damianus, with whose
4
IND
## p. 864 (#884) ############################################
864
COSMAS.
COSMAS.
name his own is constantly associated, and under tion of countries, the manners of their people, their
which article the particulars of their lives and modes of commercial intercoursc, the nature and
deaths are mentioned. A medical prescription properties of plants and animals, and many other
attributed to them is preserved by Arnaldus Vils particulars of a like kind, which serve to throw
lanovanus (Antidot. p. 453, in Opera, ed. Basil. light on the Scriptures. His illustrations, which
1585), and there are several Greck homilies still are far from being methodically arranged, touch
extant in MS. , written or preached in their honour. upon subjects the most diverse. He speaks, for
Their memory is observed by the Greek and Ro- example, of the locality where the Israelites passed
man Churches on the 27th of September. (Acta through the Red Sea, their arments in the wilder:
Sunct. , Sept. vol. vii. p. 428; Börner, Dc Cosma et ness, the terrestrial paradise, the cpistle to the
Dam. . . Commentatio, Helmest. 1751, 4to. ; Fabric. Hebrews, the birthday of the Lord, the rite of
Bill. Gr. vol. ix. p. 68, xiii. 123, ed. vet. ; Bzovius, baptism, the catholic cpistles, Egyptian hierogly-
Nomenclator Sanctorum Professionc Medicorum ; phics, the state of the Christians in India, their
Carpzovius, De Nicdicis ab Ecclesia pro Sunctis bishops, priests, &c. But the most curious and
habitis. )
[W. A. G. ] interesting piece of antiquarian information relates
COSMAS (Koo uās), of JERUSALEM, a monk, to that celebrated monument of antiquity which
the friend and companion of John of Damascus, was placed at the entrance of the city Adulite, con-
and afterwards bishop of Maiuma in Palestine sisting of a royal seat of white marble consecrated
(about A. D. 743), was the most celebrated com- to Mars, with the images of Hercules and Mercury
poser of hymns in the Greek church, and obtained sculptured upon it. On every side of this monu-
the surname of uelwoos. Among his compositions ment Greek letters were written, and an ample
was a version (ěkopaois) of the Psalms of David inscription had been added, as has been gene-
in lambic metre. Many of his hymns exist in rally supposed, by Ptolemy II. Euergetes (B. C.
MS. , but no complete edition of them has been 247-222). This was copied by Cosmas, and is
published. Fabricius mentions, as a rare book, angiven, with notes, in the second book of the
Aldine edition of some of them. Thirteen of them Topography. It appears, however, from the re-
are printed in Gallandi's Biblioth. Patrum. Several searches of Mr. Salt, that Cosmas has made two
of the hymns of Cosmas are acrostics. (Suid. s. r. different inscriptions into one, and that while the
'Iwávrons • Aanaoknuós ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. xi. first part refers to Ptolemy Euergetes, the second
pp. 173--181, viii. 596. )
[P. S. ) relates to some Ethiopian king, whose conquests
COSMAS (Koguês), commonly called INDICO are commemorated on the inscription. The author
PLEUSTES (Indian navigator), an Egyptian monk, also inserts in the work, in illustration of his sen-
who flourished in the reign of Justinian, about timents, astronomical figures and tables. We meet
A. D. 535. In early life he followed the employ- too with several passages from writings of the
ment of a merchant, and was extensively engaged fathers now lost, and fragments of epistles, espe-
in traffic. He navigated the Red Sea, advanced cially from Athanasius.
to India, visited various nations, Ethiopia, Syria, Photius (cod. 36) reviewed this production with-
Arabia, Persia, and almost all places of the East. out mentioning the writer's name, probably because
Impelled, as it would appear, more by curiosity it was not in the copy he had before him. He
than by desire of gain, eager to inspect the habits I speaks of it under the titles of Xprotiavoù Biblos,
and manners of distant people, he carried on a Christianorum liber, Expositio in Octateuchum;"
commerce amid dangers sufficient to appal the most the former, as containing the opinion of Christians
adventurous. There is abundant reason for be concerning the earth ; the latter, because the first
lieving, that he was an attentive observer of every part of the work treats of the tabernacle of Moses
thing that met his eye, and that he carefully and other things described in the Pentateuch. The
registered his remarks upon the scenes and objects same writer affirms, that many of Cosmas's narra-
which presented themselves. But a migratory life tives are fabulous. The monk, however, relates
became irksome. After many years spent in this events as they were commonly received and viewed
manner, he bade adieu to worldly occupations, took in his own time. His diction is plain and familiar.
up his residence in a monastery, and devoted him. So far is it from approaching elegance or elevation,
self to a contemplative life. Possessed of multifa- that it is even below mediocrity. He did not aim
rious knowledge acquired in many lands, and at pompous or polished phraseology ; and in several
doubtless learned according to the standard of his places he modestly acknowledges that his mode of
times, he began to embody his information in expression is homely and inelegant.
books. His chief work is his Τοπογραφία Χρισ- Manuscripts vary much in the contents of the
Tiavih, “ Topographia Christiana, sive Christiano work. It was composed at different times. At
rum Opinio de Mundo,” in twelve books. The last first it consisted of five books; but in consequence
book, as hitherto published, is imperfect at the end. of various attacks, the author added the remaining
The object of the treatise is to shew, in opposition seven at different periods, enlarging, correcting,
to the universal opinion of astronomers, that the and curtailing, so as best to meet ihe arguments of
earth is not spherical, but an extended surface. those who still contended that the earth was sphe-
The arguments adduced in proof of such a position rical. This accounts for the longer and shorter
are drawn from Scripture, reason, testimony, and forms of the production in different manuscript
the authority of the fathers. Weapons of every copies. The entire treatise was first published by
kind are employed against the prevailing theory, Bernard de Montfaucon, from a MS. of the tenth
and the earth is affirmed to be a vast oblong plain, century, in Greek and Latin, in luis Collectio Nora
its length from east to west being more than twice Patrum et Scriptorum Graecorum, fol. , Paris, 1706,
its breadth, the whole enclosed by the ocean. The vol. ii. pp. 113–316, to which the editor prefixed
only value of the work consists in the geographical an able and learned preface. This is the best
and historical information it contains. lis author edition. It is also printed in the Bibliotica leit,
describes iu general with great accuracy the situa- | Patrum edited by Gallandi, Ven. 1705, vol. ix.
1
a
## p. 865 (#885) ############################################
COSSINIUS.
865
COSSUS.
name.
We learn from Cosmas himself, that he com- franchise in consequence of the condemnation of
posed a Universal Cosmography, as also Astronomi- T. Caelius, whom he had accused. (C-c. pro Balb.
cal tables, in which the motions of the stars were 23. ) He is perhaps the same as the Cossinius
described. He was likewise the author of a Com- who was one of the legates in the army of the
mentary on the Canticles and an exposition on the practor P. Varinius, and who fell in battle against
Psalms. These are now lost. Leo Allatius thinks Spartacus, B. c. 73. (Plut. Cruss. 9. )
that he wrote the Chronicon Alexandrinum ; but 2. L. COSsisius, a Roman knight and son of
it is more correct to affirm, with Cave, that the the preceding (Cic. pro Ball. 23), was a friend of
author of the Chronicle borrowed largely from Cicero, Atticus, and Varro. Cicero mentions his
Cosmas, copying without scruple, and in the same death in B. c. 45, and expresses his grief at his
words, many of his observations. (Montfaucon, loss. (Cic. ad Att. i. 19, 20, ii. 1, ad Fum. xiii.
Nora Collectio Patr. et Scriptor. Graccor. vol. ii. ; 23; Varr. R. R. ii. 1; Cic. ad Att. xiii. 46. )
Cave, Historia Literaria, vol. i. pp. 515-16, Oxford, 3. L. CossiniUS ANCHialus, a freedman of
1740; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. p. 255. ) [S. D. ] No.
2, is recommended by Cicero to Ser. Sulpicius
COSMAS, a Graeco-Roman jurist, usually named in B. C. 46. (Cic. ad Fam. xiii. 23. )
Cosmas Magister, probably because he filled the 4. Cossinius, a Roman knight and a friend of
office of magister officiorum under Romanus Senior ; | Nero's, was poisoned by mistake by an Egyptian
although Reiz, in the index of proper names sub-physician, whom the emperor had sent for in order
joined to his edition of Harmenopulus in the sup- to cure his friend. (Plin. 11. N. xxix. 4. 5. 30. ).
plementary volume of Meermann's Thesaurus, is COSSUS, the name of a patrician family of the
inclined to think that Magister was a family sur- Cornelia gens. This family produced many illus-
In Leunclavius (J. G. R. ii. pp. 166, 167) | trious men in the fifth century before the Christian
are two sententiae (vñpol) of Cosmas in the style of aera, but afterwards sunk into oblivion. The name
imperial constitutions, as if he had been authorized “Cossus” was afterwards revived as a praenomen
by Romanus to frame legal regulations. It further in the family of the Lentuli, who belonged to the
appears from a Novell of Romanus, published in
same gens. The Cossi and Maluginenses were
the collection of Leunclavius (ii. p. 158), that probably one family originally, for at first both
Cosmas was employed by the emperor in the com- ihese surnames are united, as for instance, in the
position of his laws. Hence Assemani (Bill. Jur. case of Ser. Cornelius Cossus Maluginensis, consul
Orient. lib. ii. c. 29, pp. 582_58+) is disposed to in B. C. 485. (MALUGINENSIS. ] Afterwards,
ascribe to Cosmas a legal work which is preserved however, the Cossi and Maluginenses became two
in manuscript in the Royal Library at Vienna. It separate families.
is a system or compendium of law, divided into 1. SER. CORNELIUS M. f. L. N. Cossus, one of
50 titles, and compiled in the first year of Romanus the three consular tribunes in B. c. 434, though other
Senior (A. D. 919 or 920) under the name ékhoy authorities assign consuls to this year. (Diod. xii.
νόμων των εν επιτόμο εκτιθεμένων. (Lambecius, | 53; Liv. iv. 23. )
Comment. in Bibl. Vindob. vi. p. 38; Zachariae, 2. SER. CORNELIUS (M. F. L. N. ) Cossus, pro-
Hist. J. G. R. & 37. ) The preface and tit. 1 of bably brother of the preceding, was consul in B. C.
this work were first published by Zachariae in his 428 with T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus II. , and
edition of the Procheiron of Basileius (ó tpóxeipos two years afterwards, B. C. 426, one of the four
vóuos, Heidelb. 1837). Cedrenus (in Constantino consular tribunes, when he was entrusted with
et Romano) mentions Cosmas as a patricius and the care of the city, while his three colleagues had
logotheta dromi, the hippodromus being the name the conduct of the war against Veii. But the
of the highest court of justice in Constantinople. latter having met with a repulse, Cossus nominated
Harmenopulus, in the preface to his Hexabiblus, Mam. Aemilius Mamercinus dictator, who in his
acknowledges his obligations to the Romaica of turn appointed Cossus master of the horse.
Magister (τα Ρωμαϊκά του Μαγίστρου λεγομένα), It was this Cossus who killed Lar Tolumnius,
and Jac. Godefroi supposes that Cosmas is meant. the king of the Veii, in single combat, and dedi-
In this, as in most other questions in the history cated his spoils in the temple of Jupiter Feretrius,
of Graeco-Roman law, there is great difficulty in the second of the three instances in which the spolia
arriving at the truth; but we believe the Magister opima were won. But the year in which Tolum-
referred to by Harmenopulus to be Eustathius nius was slain, was a subject of dispute even in
Patricius Romanus. (Reiz, ad Harmenop. in Meerm. antiquity. Livy following, as he says, all his
Thes. viii. p. 6, n. 8, ib. pp. 399, 400; Pohl, ad authorities, places it in B. C. 437, nine years before
Suares. Notit. Basil. p. 15, n. (@), ib. p. 52, n. (x); the consulship of Cossus, when he was military
Zachariae, Hist. Jur. G. R. & 41. ) [J. T. G. ) tribune in the army of Mam. Aemilius Mamerci-
COSMAS (Koopas), a Monk, according to the nus, who is said to have been dictator in that year
title in Brunck's Analecta, but according to that likewise. At the same time the historian brings
in Stephen's edition of the Planudean Anthology, forward several reasons why this was improbable,
a mechanician, is the author of one epigram in the and mentions in particular that Augustus had dis-
Greek Anthology. (Anab. iii. p. 127 ; Jacobs, iv. covered a linen breastplate in the temple of Jupiter
p. 96. ) Whether he is the same person as Cosmos Feretrius, on which it was stated that the consul
INDICOPLEUstes, or as the Cosmas of JerusA-Cossus had won these spoils. But as the year of
LEM, or whether he was different from both, is Cossus' consulship was, according to the annalists,
altogether uncertain.
[P. S. ] one of pestilence and dearth without any military
COʻSROES, king of Parthia. [ARSACES XXV. ) operations, it is probable that Tolumnius was slain
CO'SROES, king of Persia. (SASSANIDAE. ) by Cossus in the year of his consular tribunate,
COSSI'NIUS, the name of a Roman family when he was master of the horse, especially since
which came from Tibur. None of its members it is expressly placed in that year by some writers.
ever obtained any of the higher offices of the state. (Val. Max. iii. 2. $ 4; Aur. Vict. de l'ir. III. 25. )
1. L. Cossinius, of Tibur, received the Roman | În dedicating the spoils, Cossus would have added
3 к
## p. 866 (#886) ############################################
806
COSSUTIA.
COTTA.
the title of consul, either on account of his having | Cars. 1), never attained to any importance. It is
filled that dignity or in consideration of his holding conjectured by some from Ciccro's mention of the
at the time the consular tribunate. (Lir. iv. 19, 20, Cossutianae tubulur, near Caesena, in Gallia Cisal
30--32; Plut. Romul. 16, Murcell. 8; Niehuhr, pina (ud fum. xvi. 27), that the Cossutii cune
ii. p. 458. &c. ; Propert. iv. 10. 23, &c. , who gives originally from that place. On coins of this gens
quite a different account. )
we find the cognomens Muridianus and Sulula,
3. P. CORNELIUS A. F. P. N. Cossus, consular but none occur in history.
COSSETIA'N US CAPITO. (Capito, p. 602,
tribune in B. C. 415. (Liv. iv. 49; Diod. xiii. 34. )
4. CN. CORNELIUS A. F. M. N. Cossus, consular a. ]
tribunc in 1. C.
Cosconius marched into the territories of the Lari-
nates, Venusini, and Apulians, and conquered the
Poediculi in two days. Most modern commenta-
tors identify Egnatius and Trebatius, and suppose
that Appian has made a mistake in the name
(Schweigh. ad App. I. c. ); but Livy and Appian
probably speak of two different battles.
The above-named Cosconius seems to be the
same with the C. Cosconius who was sent into COSINGAS, a Thracian chief, and priest of
Illyricum, with the title of proconsul, about & c. Juno, whose stratagem for securing the obedience
78, and who conquered a great part of Dalmatia, of his people is related by Polyaenus. (Stratag.
took Salonae, and, after concluding the war, re-
vii. 22. )
[P. S. ]
turned to Rome at the end of two years' time. COSMAS (Koopās), a celebrated physician,
(Eutrop. vi. 4; Oros. v. 23; comp. Cic. pro Clu- saint, and martyr, who lived in the third and
ent. 35. )
fourth centuries after Christ. He is said to have
4. C. Cosconius CALIDIANUS, adopted froni / been the brother of St Damianus, with whose
4
IND
## p. 864 (#884) ############################################
864
COSMAS.
COSMAS.
name his own is constantly associated, and under tion of countries, the manners of their people, their
which article the particulars of their lives and modes of commercial intercoursc, the nature and
deaths are mentioned. A medical prescription properties of plants and animals, and many other
attributed to them is preserved by Arnaldus Vils particulars of a like kind, which serve to throw
lanovanus (Antidot. p. 453, in Opera, ed. Basil. light on the Scriptures. His illustrations, which
1585), and there are several Greck homilies still are far from being methodically arranged, touch
extant in MS. , written or preached in their honour. upon subjects the most diverse. He speaks, for
Their memory is observed by the Greek and Ro- example, of the locality where the Israelites passed
man Churches on the 27th of September. (Acta through the Red Sea, their arments in the wilder:
Sunct. , Sept. vol. vii. p. 428; Börner, Dc Cosma et ness, the terrestrial paradise, the cpistle to the
Dam. . . Commentatio, Helmest. 1751, 4to. ; Fabric. Hebrews, the birthday of the Lord, the rite of
Bill. Gr. vol. ix. p. 68, xiii. 123, ed. vet. ; Bzovius, baptism, the catholic cpistles, Egyptian hierogly-
Nomenclator Sanctorum Professionc Medicorum ; phics, the state of the Christians in India, their
Carpzovius, De Nicdicis ab Ecclesia pro Sunctis bishops, priests, &c. But the most curious and
habitis. )
[W. A. G. ] interesting piece of antiquarian information relates
COSMAS (Koo uās), of JERUSALEM, a monk, to that celebrated monument of antiquity which
the friend and companion of John of Damascus, was placed at the entrance of the city Adulite, con-
and afterwards bishop of Maiuma in Palestine sisting of a royal seat of white marble consecrated
(about A. D. 743), was the most celebrated com- to Mars, with the images of Hercules and Mercury
poser of hymns in the Greek church, and obtained sculptured upon it. On every side of this monu-
the surname of uelwoos. Among his compositions ment Greek letters were written, and an ample
was a version (ěkopaois) of the Psalms of David inscription had been added, as has been gene-
in lambic metre. Many of his hymns exist in rally supposed, by Ptolemy II. Euergetes (B. C.
MS. , but no complete edition of them has been 247-222). This was copied by Cosmas, and is
published. Fabricius mentions, as a rare book, angiven, with notes, in the second book of the
Aldine edition of some of them. Thirteen of them Topography. It appears, however, from the re-
are printed in Gallandi's Biblioth. Patrum. Several searches of Mr. Salt, that Cosmas has made two
of the hymns of Cosmas are acrostics. (Suid. s. r. different inscriptions into one, and that while the
'Iwávrons • Aanaoknuós ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. xi. first part refers to Ptolemy Euergetes, the second
pp. 173--181, viii. 596. )
[P. S. ) relates to some Ethiopian king, whose conquests
COSMAS (Koguês), commonly called INDICO are commemorated on the inscription. The author
PLEUSTES (Indian navigator), an Egyptian monk, also inserts in the work, in illustration of his sen-
who flourished in the reign of Justinian, about timents, astronomical figures and tables. We meet
A. D. 535. In early life he followed the employ- too with several passages from writings of the
ment of a merchant, and was extensively engaged fathers now lost, and fragments of epistles, espe-
in traffic. He navigated the Red Sea, advanced cially from Athanasius.
to India, visited various nations, Ethiopia, Syria, Photius (cod. 36) reviewed this production with-
Arabia, Persia, and almost all places of the East. out mentioning the writer's name, probably because
Impelled, as it would appear, more by curiosity it was not in the copy he had before him. He
than by desire of gain, eager to inspect the habits I speaks of it under the titles of Xprotiavoù Biblos,
and manners of distant people, he carried on a Christianorum liber, Expositio in Octateuchum;"
commerce amid dangers sufficient to appal the most the former, as containing the opinion of Christians
adventurous. There is abundant reason for be concerning the earth ; the latter, because the first
lieving, that he was an attentive observer of every part of the work treats of the tabernacle of Moses
thing that met his eye, and that he carefully and other things described in the Pentateuch. The
registered his remarks upon the scenes and objects same writer affirms, that many of Cosmas's narra-
which presented themselves. But a migratory life tives are fabulous. The monk, however, relates
became irksome. After many years spent in this events as they were commonly received and viewed
manner, he bade adieu to worldly occupations, took in his own time. His diction is plain and familiar.
up his residence in a monastery, and devoted him. So far is it from approaching elegance or elevation,
self to a contemplative life. Possessed of multifa- that it is even below mediocrity. He did not aim
rious knowledge acquired in many lands, and at pompous or polished phraseology ; and in several
doubtless learned according to the standard of his places he modestly acknowledges that his mode of
times, he began to embody his information in expression is homely and inelegant.
books. His chief work is his Τοπογραφία Χρισ- Manuscripts vary much in the contents of the
Tiavih, “ Topographia Christiana, sive Christiano work. It was composed at different times. At
rum Opinio de Mundo,” in twelve books. The last first it consisted of five books; but in consequence
book, as hitherto published, is imperfect at the end. of various attacks, the author added the remaining
The object of the treatise is to shew, in opposition seven at different periods, enlarging, correcting,
to the universal opinion of astronomers, that the and curtailing, so as best to meet ihe arguments of
earth is not spherical, but an extended surface. those who still contended that the earth was sphe-
The arguments adduced in proof of such a position rical. This accounts for the longer and shorter
are drawn from Scripture, reason, testimony, and forms of the production in different manuscript
the authority of the fathers. Weapons of every copies. The entire treatise was first published by
kind are employed against the prevailing theory, Bernard de Montfaucon, from a MS. of the tenth
and the earth is affirmed to be a vast oblong plain, century, in Greek and Latin, in luis Collectio Nora
its length from east to west being more than twice Patrum et Scriptorum Graecorum, fol. , Paris, 1706,
its breadth, the whole enclosed by the ocean. The vol. ii. pp. 113–316, to which the editor prefixed
only value of the work consists in the geographical an able and learned preface. This is the best
and historical information it contains. lis author edition. It is also printed in the Bibliotica leit,
describes iu general with great accuracy the situa- | Patrum edited by Gallandi, Ven. 1705, vol. ix.
1
a
## p. 865 (#885) ############################################
COSSINIUS.
865
COSSUS.
name.
We learn from Cosmas himself, that he com- franchise in consequence of the condemnation of
posed a Universal Cosmography, as also Astronomi- T. Caelius, whom he had accused. (C-c. pro Balb.
cal tables, in which the motions of the stars were 23. ) He is perhaps the same as the Cossinius
described. He was likewise the author of a Com- who was one of the legates in the army of the
mentary on the Canticles and an exposition on the practor P. Varinius, and who fell in battle against
Psalms. These are now lost. Leo Allatius thinks Spartacus, B. c. 73. (Plut. Cruss. 9. )
that he wrote the Chronicon Alexandrinum ; but 2. L. COSsisius, a Roman knight and son of
it is more correct to affirm, with Cave, that the the preceding (Cic. pro Ball. 23), was a friend of
author of the Chronicle borrowed largely from Cicero, Atticus, and Varro. Cicero mentions his
Cosmas, copying without scruple, and in the same death in B. c. 45, and expresses his grief at his
words, many of his observations. (Montfaucon, loss. (Cic. ad Att. i. 19, 20, ii. 1, ad Fum. xiii.
Nora Collectio Patr. et Scriptor. Graccor. vol. ii. ; 23; Varr. R. R. ii. 1; Cic. ad Att. xiii. 46. )
Cave, Historia Literaria, vol. i. pp. 515-16, Oxford, 3. L. CossiniUS ANCHialus, a freedman of
1740; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. p. 255. ) [S. D. ] No.
2, is recommended by Cicero to Ser. Sulpicius
COSMAS, a Graeco-Roman jurist, usually named in B. C. 46. (Cic. ad Fam. xiii. 23. )
Cosmas Magister, probably because he filled the 4. Cossinius, a Roman knight and a friend of
office of magister officiorum under Romanus Senior ; | Nero's, was poisoned by mistake by an Egyptian
although Reiz, in the index of proper names sub-physician, whom the emperor had sent for in order
joined to his edition of Harmenopulus in the sup- to cure his friend. (Plin. 11. N. xxix. 4. 5. 30. ).
plementary volume of Meermann's Thesaurus, is COSSUS, the name of a patrician family of the
inclined to think that Magister was a family sur- Cornelia gens. This family produced many illus-
In Leunclavius (J. G. R. ii. pp. 166, 167) | trious men in the fifth century before the Christian
are two sententiae (vñpol) of Cosmas in the style of aera, but afterwards sunk into oblivion. The name
imperial constitutions, as if he had been authorized “Cossus” was afterwards revived as a praenomen
by Romanus to frame legal regulations. It further in the family of the Lentuli, who belonged to the
appears from a Novell of Romanus, published in
same gens. The Cossi and Maluginenses were
the collection of Leunclavius (ii. p. 158), that probably one family originally, for at first both
Cosmas was employed by the emperor in the com- ihese surnames are united, as for instance, in the
position of his laws. Hence Assemani (Bill. Jur. case of Ser. Cornelius Cossus Maluginensis, consul
Orient. lib. ii. c. 29, pp. 582_58+) is disposed to in B. C. 485. (MALUGINENSIS. ] Afterwards,
ascribe to Cosmas a legal work which is preserved however, the Cossi and Maluginenses became two
in manuscript in the Royal Library at Vienna. It separate families.
is a system or compendium of law, divided into 1. SER. CORNELIUS M. f. L. N. Cossus, one of
50 titles, and compiled in the first year of Romanus the three consular tribunes in B. c. 434, though other
Senior (A. D. 919 or 920) under the name ékhoy authorities assign consuls to this year. (Diod. xii.
νόμων των εν επιτόμο εκτιθεμένων. (Lambecius, | 53; Liv. iv. 23. )
Comment. in Bibl. Vindob. vi. p. 38; Zachariae, 2. SER. CORNELIUS (M. F. L. N. ) Cossus, pro-
Hist. J. G. R. & 37. ) The preface and tit. 1 of bably brother of the preceding, was consul in B. C.
this work were first published by Zachariae in his 428 with T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus II. , and
edition of the Procheiron of Basileius (ó tpóxeipos two years afterwards, B. C. 426, one of the four
vóuos, Heidelb. 1837). Cedrenus (in Constantino consular tribunes, when he was entrusted with
et Romano) mentions Cosmas as a patricius and the care of the city, while his three colleagues had
logotheta dromi, the hippodromus being the name the conduct of the war against Veii. But the
of the highest court of justice in Constantinople. latter having met with a repulse, Cossus nominated
Harmenopulus, in the preface to his Hexabiblus, Mam. Aemilius Mamercinus dictator, who in his
acknowledges his obligations to the Romaica of turn appointed Cossus master of the horse.
Magister (τα Ρωμαϊκά του Μαγίστρου λεγομένα), It was this Cossus who killed Lar Tolumnius,
and Jac. Godefroi supposes that Cosmas is meant. the king of the Veii, in single combat, and dedi-
In this, as in most other questions in the history cated his spoils in the temple of Jupiter Feretrius,
of Graeco-Roman law, there is great difficulty in the second of the three instances in which the spolia
arriving at the truth; but we believe the Magister opima were won. But the year in which Tolum-
referred to by Harmenopulus to be Eustathius nius was slain, was a subject of dispute even in
Patricius Romanus. (Reiz, ad Harmenop. in Meerm. antiquity. Livy following, as he says, all his
Thes. viii. p. 6, n. 8, ib. pp. 399, 400; Pohl, ad authorities, places it in B. C. 437, nine years before
Suares. Notit. Basil. p. 15, n. (@), ib. p. 52, n. (x); the consulship of Cossus, when he was military
Zachariae, Hist. Jur. G. R. & 41. ) [J. T. G. ) tribune in the army of Mam. Aemilius Mamerci-
COSMAS (Koopas), a Monk, according to the nus, who is said to have been dictator in that year
title in Brunck's Analecta, but according to that likewise. At the same time the historian brings
in Stephen's edition of the Planudean Anthology, forward several reasons why this was improbable,
a mechanician, is the author of one epigram in the and mentions in particular that Augustus had dis-
Greek Anthology. (Anab. iii. p. 127 ; Jacobs, iv. covered a linen breastplate in the temple of Jupiter
p. 96. ) Whether he is the same person as Cosmos Feretrius, on which it was stated that the consul
INDICOPLEUstes, or as the Cosmas of JerusA-Cossus had won these spoils. But as the year of
LEM, or whether he was different from both, is Cossus' consulship was, according to the annalists,
altogether uncertain.
[P. S. ] one of pestilence and dearth without any military
COʻSROES, king of Parthia. [ARSACES XXV. ) operations, it is probable that Tolumnius was slain
CO'SROES, king of Persia. (SASSANIDAE. ) by Cossus in the year of his consular tribunate,
COSSI'NIUS, the name of a Roman family when he was master of the horse, especially since
which came from Tibur. None of its members it is expressly placed in that year by some writers.
ever obtained any of the higher offices of the state. (Val. Max. iii. 2. $ 4; Aur. Vict. de l'ir. III. 25. )
1. L. Cossinius, of Tibur, received the Roman | În dedicating the spoils, Cossus would have added
3 к
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806
COSSUTIA.
COTTA.
the title of consul, either on account of his having | Cars. 1), never attained to any importance. It is
filled that dignity or in consideration of his holding conjectured by some from Ciccro's mention of the
at the time the consular tribunate. (Lir. iv. 19, 20, Cossutianae tubulur, near Caesena, in Gallia Cisal
30--32; Plut. Romul. 16, Murcell. 8; Niehuhr, pina (ud fum. xvi. 27), that the Cossutii cune
ii. p. 458. &c. ; Propert. iv. 10. 23, &c. , who gives originally from that place. On coins of this gens
quite a different account. )
we find the cognomens Muridianus and Sulula,
3. P. CORNELIUS A. F. P. N. Cossus, consular but none occur in history.
COSSETIA'N US CAPITO. (Capito, p. 602,
tribune in B. C. 415. (Liv. iv. 49; Diod. xiii. 34. )
4. CN. CORNELIUS A. F. M. N. Cossus, consular a. ]
tribunc in 1. C.
