)
composed
from four authors.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
Niebuhr, Rom.
llist.
iii.
p.
120, &c.
) Arrina was
With regard to his age, we can only say, that he consul again in B. c. 3:22 (A. Cornelius uerum,
seems to have lived after the time of Alexander Liv. viii. 17), and dictator in 320, the latter of
the Great, as one of his works was a statue of which years he defeated the Samnites in a hard-
queen Stratonice, a name not unfrequent in the fought battle, though some of the ancient authori-
Asiatic kingdoms after that time.
ties attributed this victory to the consuls of the
2. A sculptor, in the first century after Christ, year. (Liv. viii. 38, 39; Niebuhr, iii. p. 200, &c. )
and, in conjunction with Pythodorus, adorned the 2. A. CORNELIUS ARVINA, the fetialis, sent to
palaces of the Caesars on the Palatine with statues, restore to the Samnites the prisoners who had
(Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. § 11. ) [C. P. M. ] been set free by them after the baitle of Caudium,
ARTO'CES ('Aptukns), king of the Iberians, B. C. 321. (Liv. ix. 10. )
against whom Pompey marched in B. C. 65. Pom- 3. P. CORNELIUS A. F. P. X. ARVINA, ap-
pey crossed the Cyrnus and defeated Artoces; and parently a son of No. 1, consul B. C. 306, coin-
when he also crossed the Pelorus, Artoces sent to manded in Samnium. He was censor in B. C.
him his sons as hostages, and concluded a peace 294, and consul a second time in 288. (Liv. ix.
with him. (Dion Cass. xxxvii. 1, 2; Appian, Mithr. 42, &c. , X. 47 ; Fusti. )
103, 117; Flor. iii. 5, who calls him Arthoces ; ARULE'NUS RU'STICUS. [Rusticus. )
Plut. Pomp. 36. )
ARUNS. l. The son of Demeratus of Corinth,
ARTONIS. (Artabazus, No. 4. ]
and the brother of Lucumo, afterwards L. Tarqui-
M. ARTOʻRIUS ('Apropios), a physician at nius Priscus, died in the life-time of his father.
Rome, who was one of the followers of Asclepiades (Liv. i. 34; Dionys. iii. 46. )
(Cael. Aurel. De Morb. Acut. iii. 14, p. 224), and 2. The brother of L. Tarquinius Superbus,
afterwards became the friend and physician of married to the younger Tullia, was murdered by
Caesar Octavianus. He attended him in his cam- his wife, who despised her husband's want of an-
paign against Brutus and Cassius, B. C. 42, and it bition and was anxious to marry his brother. (Liv.
was by his advice, in consequence of a dream, that i. 46. )
Octavianus was persuaded to leare his camp and 3. The son of Tarquinius Superbus, went with
assist in person at the battle of Philippi, notwith Brutus to consult the oracle at Delphi, and after
standing a severe indisposition. This was probably the expulsion of the Tarquins killed, and was
the means of saving his life, as that part of the at the same time killed by, Brutus in battle.
army was cut to pieces by Brutus. (Vell. Paterc. (Liv. i. 56, ii. 6 ; Cic. Tusc. iv. 22. )
ij. 70; Plut. Brut. c. 41, where some editions 4. The son of Porsena, accompanied his father
have Antonius instead of Artorius; Lactant. Dirin. to the Roman war, and was afterwards sent to be-
Instit. ii. 8 ; Dion Cass. xlvii. 41 ; Valer. Max. i. siege Aricia, before wbich he fell in battle. (Liv.
7. $ 1; Tertull
. De Anima, c. 46 ; Sueton. Aug. ii. 14; Dionys. v. 30, 36, vii. 5. 6. )
c. 91 ; Appian, De Bell. Civil. ir. 110; Florus, iv. 5. Of Clusium, according to the legend, invited
7. ) He was drowned at sea shortly after the the Gauls across the Alps. He had been guardian
battle of Actium, B. c. 31. (S. Hieron. in Euseb. to a wealthy Lucumo, who, when he grew up,
Chron. ) St. Clement of Alexandria quotes (Pae- seduced the wife of Aruns. The husband in re-
dug. ü. 2, p. 153) a work by a person of the same venge carried wine, oil, and figs, across the Alps,
name, Tepi Makpoeotias. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. and by these tempted the Gauls to invade Italy.
xiii. p. 86, ed. vet. ; Caroli Patini Comment. in (Liv. v. 33; Plut. Camill. 15. )
antiq. Cenotaph. 11. Artorii, in Poleni Thes. Antig. ARU'NTIUS. [ARRUNTIUS. ]
Rom. et Gr. Supplem. vol. ii. p. 1133. ) (W. A. G. ) ARUSIANUS, MESSUS or ME’SSIUS, a
ARTY'BIUS ('Aptúblos), a Persian general in Roman grammarian, who lived under one of the
the reign of Dareius Hystaspis, who, after the later emperors. He wrote a Latir. phrase-book,
lonian revolt had broken out, sailed with a fleet to entitled Quadriga, vel Exempla Elocutionan ex
Cyprus to conquer that island. He was killed in Virgilio, Sallustio, Terentio, et Cicerone per literas
battle by Onesilus, the principal among the chiefs digesta. ” It is called Quadriga from its being
of Cyprus. (Herod. v. 108-110. ) [L. S.
) composed from four authors. The work is valuable
## p. 379 (#399) ############################################
ASANDER.
379
ASANDER.
as prescrving many passages from some of Cicero's | dia and the other parts of the satrapy of Spithri-
lost writings, and from Sallust's History. He first dates, and also placed under his command an army
gives a phrase generally, then an example, thus : strong enough to maintain the Macedonian autho-
* Firmatus illius rei, Sallust. Hist. iii. * Ad Cyzi- rity. (Arrian, Anal. i. 18. ) In the beginning of
cum perrerit firmatus animi. — Prudens illarum the year B. C. 328, Asander and Nearchus led a
rerum, Sall. Hist. i. Prudens omnium quae senatus number of Greek mercenaries to Alexander, who
consuerat. "
The following words he arranges was then staying at Zariaspa. (iv. 7. ) In tho
under the letter K:- K’ave, kareo, kaptus, khao division of the empire after the death of Alexander,
(abl. of chaos) kassus, klaudus, kalleo, kalco, kausa- in B. c. 323, Asander obtained Caria for his satrapy,
tus, klam,
in wbich he was afterwards confirmed by Antipa-
In some MSS. the work is called “ M. Fron- ter. (Phot. Bill. p. 64, a, 69, b, 72, a, ed. Bekk. ;
tonis Exempla Elocutionum," &c. ; in others, Diod. xviii. 3, 39, who in these and other passages
“ Arusiani (or Volusiani) Messi Quadriga. " On uses the name of Cassander instead of Asander,
the authority of the former MSS. it has often and thus produces a confusion in his account; Jus-
passed under the name of Fronto, and under his tin, xü. 4; Curtius, x. 10. ) At the command of
name it was published by Angelo Mai, from a MS. Antipater he fought against Attalus and Alcetas,
much mutilated, especially in the latter part. But both partizans of Perdiccas (Phot. Bibl. p. 72, b. ),
after what Fronto says on Cicero and other authors, but was conquered by them. In B. c. 317, while
it seems highly improbable that he would have Antigonus was engaged in Persia and Media,
employed himself in composing such a work from Asander incrcased his power in Asia Minor, and
these authors. He would have chosen some of his was undoubtedly a member of the confederacy
favourite writers, Ennius, &c. It is possible that which was formed by Ptolemy Lagi and Cassander
the work may be an extract by Arusianus from a of Macedonia against Antigonus, although he is
larger work by Fronto, which larger work would not mentioned by Diodorus (xix. 57) on account
have been composed from a greater number of of the above mentioned confusion with Cassander.
authors, including those which Fronto most ad- In B. c. 315, when Antigonus began his operations
mired. The best edition is that by Lindemann, against the confederates, he sent one Ptolemy, a
in his Corpus Grummaticorum Lutin. Vet. vol. i. nephew of his, with an army to relieve Amisus,
p. 199, from a MS. in the Wolfenbüttel collection, and to expel from Cappadocia the army with which
in excellent condition, and which, with the excep Asander had invaded that country ; but as Asan-
tion of a few passages, gives the work complete. It der was supported by Ptolemy Lagi and Cassander
contains more than half as much again as Mai's (Diod. xix. 62, 68), he maintained himself until
edition. This new part contains many of the most B. C. 313, when Antigonus himself marched against
valuable passages, those from Cicero's lost writings | him, and compelled him to conclude a treaty by
and from Sallust's History. The transcriber has which he was bound to surrender his whole army,
prefixed the following remark : -" In aliquibus to restore the Greek towns on the coast to free
Codicibus pro Arusiani Messi male irrepsit Cornelii dom, to regard his satrapy of Caria as the gift of
Frontonis. ” Lindemann gives in the notes the Antigonus, and to give his brother Agathon as
exact references to the passages which in the MS. hostage. But after a few days Asander broke this
are referred to only by the book. [Fronto. ] bumiliating treaty: he contrived to get his brother
(Niebuhr, in his edit. of Fronto, Berlin, 1816, p. out of the hands of Antigonus, and sent ambassa-
xxxi. , &c. ; Lindemann, Praefat. in Corp. Gramm. dors to Ptolemy and Seleucus for assistance. An-
Lat. l'et. i. p. 201, &c. ).
(A. A. ] tigonus indignant at these acts, immediately sent
ARYANDES ('Apvávdns), a Persian, who was out an army to restore the Greek towns to freedom
appointed by Cambyses governor of Egypt. During by force of arms. Caria too appears to have been
his administration Pheretime, the mother of Arce conquered, and Asander from this time disappears
silaus of Cyrene, is said to have come to Aryandes from history. (Diod. xix. 75. )
as a suppliant, and to have solicited his assistance 2. A man of high rank in the kingdom of the
in avenging the death of her son, who had been Bosporus. He first occurs in history as a general
murdered at Barca, as she pretended, because he of Pharnaces II. of the Bosporus, whose sister
had been a friend of the Persians. Aryandes ac- Dynamis was the wife of A sander. In B. C. 47,
cordingly placed an army and a fleet at her com- he revolted against his brother-in-law who had
mand. Herodotus thinks that this whole affair appointed him regent of his kingdom during his
was a mere pretext under which the Persian satrap war against Cn. Domitius Calvinus. Asander
concealed his desire of conquering Libya. After hoped by thus deserting his brother-in-law to win
the conquest of Barca, some of the Persians want- the favour of the Romans, and with their assist-
ed to take possession of Cyrene also, but before ance to obtain the kingdom for himself. When,
they came to any determination, Aryandes sent a therefore, Pharnaces was defeated by the Romans
messenger to call the troops back to Egypt. Da- and took refuge in his own dominions, Asander
reius Hystaspis wished to perpetuate his own had him put to death. A sander now usurped the
memory in a manner in which no king had yet throne, but was unable to maintain himself upon
done, and for this purpose he struck gold coins of it, for Julius Caesar commanded Mithridates of
the purest metal. Aryandes imitated the king by Pergamus, on whom he conferred the title of king
coining money of the purest silver ; but Dareius, of the Bosporus, to make war upon Asander.
indignant at such presumption, had him put to death. (Dion Cass. xlii. 46-48, liv. 24 ; Appian, Mithrid.
(Herod. iv. 1654-167, 200—203. ) (L. S. ] 120; Caesar, de Bello Aler. 78. ) The results of
ARYBAS or ARYMBAS. [ARRIBAS. ] this undertaking are not mentioned, but if we may
ARYE'NIS. (ASTYAGES. )
believe the authority of Lucian (Macrob. 17) Asan-
ASANDER ("Agavāpos). 1. A son of Philo der was deprived of his kingdom and afterwards
tas and brother of Parmenion. Alexander the restored by Augustus. He died of voluntary star-
Great appointed him in B. c. 334, gorernor of Ly- vation at the advanced age of ninety-three, from
## p. 380 (#400) ############################################
380
ASCALAPIIUS.
ASCLEPIADES.
despair at seeing his troops desert to Scribonius. declared that she had caten part of a pomegranate.
Stravo (vii. p. 311) speaks of a wall or a ditch Demeter (according to Apollodorus, l. c. , ii. 5. $ 1:2)
which Asander constructed across the Isthmus of punished him by burying him under a huge stone,
the Crimea, of 360 stadia in length, to protect the and when subsequently this stone was removed by
peninsula against the incursions of the nomadic lleracles, she changed Ascalaphus into an owi.
tribes. (Mannert, Geogr. der Griech. u. Rom. iv. According to Ovid, Persephone herself changed
P. 293. )
(L. S. ] him into an owl by sprinkling him with water of
ASBAMAEUS ('Aobauaios), a surname of the river Phlegethon. There is an evident resem-
Zeus, the protector of the sanctity of oaths. It blance between the mythus of Ascalabus and that
was derived from a well, Asbamaeon near Tyana, of Ascolaphus. The latter secms to be only a
in Cappadocia, the water of which was said to be moditication or continuation of the former, and the
beneficial and pleasant to honest persons, but pes- confusion may have arisen from the resemblance
tilential to those who were guilty of perjury. between the words dorénabos, a lizard, and do.
When perjured persons drank of the water, it pro- Kalapos, an owl.
(LS. )
duced a disease of the eyes, dropsy, and lameness, A'SCALUS ("Arralos), a son of Hymenaeus,
so that the guilty persons were unable to walk and a general of the Lydian king Aciamus, who is
away from the well, and were obliged to own said to have built the town of Ascalon in Syria.
their crime. (Philostr. Vit. Apolion. i. 6. ; Pseudo- (Steph. Ryz. s. r. 'Aokádwv. ) [L. S. ]
Aristot. Mirab. Auscult. 163; Ammian. Marcellin. ASCANIUS ('Aoravios), a son of Acneas by
xxiii. 6. )
(L. S. ) Creusa (Virg. Acn. ii. 666), or by Lavinia. (Liv.
A'SBOLUS (^Aobolos), a centaur, whom Hesiodi. 1, 3 ; Serv. ad Aen. vi. 760. ) From Livy it
(Scut. Herc. 185) calls oiwviotns, probably from would seem that some traditions distinguished be-
his skill in observing or prophesying from the tween an earlier and a later Ascanius, the one a
flight of birds.
With regard to his age, we can only say, that he consul again in B. c. 3:22 (A. Cornelius uerum,
seems to have lived after the time of Alexander Liv. viii. 17), and dictator in 320, the latter of
the Great, as one of his works was a statue of which years he defeated the Samnites in a hard-
queen Stratonice, a name not unfrequent in the fought battle, though some of the ancient authori-
Asiatic kingdoms after that time.
ties attributed this victory to the consuls of the
2. A sculptor, in the first century after Christ, year. (Liv. viii. 38, 39; Niebuhr, iii. p. 200, &c. )
and, in conjunction with Pythodorus, adorned the 2. A. CORNELIUS ARVINA, the fetialis, sent to
palaces of the Caesars on the Palatine with statues, restore to the Samnites the prisoners who had
(Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. § 11. ) [C. P. M. ] been set free by them after the baitle of Caudium,
ARTO'CES ('Aptukns), king of the Iberians, B. C. 321. (Liv. ix. 10. )
against whom Pompey marched in B. C. 65. Pom- 3. P. CORNELIUS A. F. P. X. ARVINA, ap-
pey crossed the Cyrnus and defeated Artoces; and parently a son of No. 1, consul B. C. 306, coin-
when he also crossed the Pelorus, Artoces sent to manded in Samnium. He was censor in B. C.
him his sons as hostages, and concluded a peace 294, and consul a second time in 288. (Liv. ix.
with him. (Dion Cass. xxxvii. 1, 2; Appian, Mithr. 42, &c. , X. 47 ; Fusti. )
103, 117; Flor. iii. 5, who calls him Arthoces ; ARULE'NUS RU'STICUS. [Rusticus. )
Plut. Pomp. 36. )
ARUNS. l. The son of Demeratus of Corinth,
ARTONIS. (Artabazus, No. 4. ]
and the brother of Lucumo, afterwards L. Tarqui-
M. ARTOʻRIUS ('Apropios), a physician at nius Priscus, died in the life-time of his father.
Rome, who was one of the followers of Asclepiades (Liv. i. 34; Dionys. iii. 46. )
(Cael. Aurel. De Morb. Acut. iii. 14, p. 224), and 2. The brother of L. Tarquinius Superbus,
afterwards became the friend and physician of married to the younger Tullia, was murdered by
Caesar Octavianus. He attended him in his cam- his wife, who despised her husband's want of an-
paign against Brutus and Cassius, B. C. 42, and it bition and was anxious to marry his brother. (Liv.
was by his advice, in consequence of a dream, that i. 46. )
Octavianus was persuaded to leare his camp and 3. The son of Tarquinius Superbus, went with
assist in person at the battle of Philippi, notwith Brutus to consult the oracle at Delphi, and after
standing a severe indisposition. This was probably the expulsion of the Tarquins killed, and was
the means of saving his life, as that part of the at the same time killed by, Brutus in battle.
army was cut to pieces by Brutus. (Vell. Paterc. (Liv. i. 56, ii. 6 ; Cic. Tusc. iv. 22. )
ij. 70; Plut. Brut. c. 41, where some editions 4. The son of Porsena, accompanied his father
have Antonius instead of Artorius; Lactant. Dirin. to the Roman war, and was afterwards sent to be-
Instit. ii. 8 ; Dion Cass. xlvii. 41 ; Valer. Max. i. siege Aricia, before wbich he fell in battle. (Liv.
7. $ 1; Tertull
. De Anima, c. 46 ; Sueton. Aug. ii. 14; Dionys. v. 30, 36, vii. 5. 6. )
c. 91 ; Appian, De Bell. Civil. ir. 110; Florus, iv. 5. Of Clusium, according to the legend, invited
7. ) He was drowned at sea shortly after the the Gauls across the Alps. He had been guardian
battle of Actium, B. c. 31. (S. Hieron. in Euseb. to a wealthy Lucumo, who, when he grew up,
Chron. ) St. Clement of Alexandria quotes (Pae- seduced the wife of Aruns. The husband in re-
dug. ü. 2, p. 153) a work by a person of the same venge carried wine, oil, and figs, across the Alps,
name, Tepi Makpoeotias. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. and by these tempted the Gauls to invade Italy.
xiii. p. 86, ed. vet. ; Caroli Patini Comment. in (Liv. v. 33; Plut. Camill. 15. )
antiq. Cenotaph. 11. Artorii, in Poleni Thes. Antig. ARU'NTIUS. [ARRUNTIUS. ]
Rom. et Gr. Supplem. vol. ii. p. 1133. ) (W. A. G. ) ARUSIANUS, MESSUS or ME’SSIUS, a
ARTY'BIUS ('Aptúblos), a Persian general in Roman grammarian, who lived under one of the
the reign of Dareius Hystaspis, who, after the later emperors. He wrote a Latir. phrase-book,
lonian revolt had broken out, sailed with a fleet to entitled Quadriga, vel Exempla Elocutionan ex
Cyprus to conquer that island. He was killed in Virgilio, Sallustio, Terentio, et Cicerone per literas
battle by Onesilus, the principal among the chiefs digesta. ” It is called Quadriga from its being
of Cyprus. (Herod. v. 108-110. ) [L. S.
) composed from four authors. The work is valuable
## p. 379 (#399) ############################################
ASANDER.
379
ASANDER.
as prescrving many passages from some of Cicero's | dia and the other parts of the satrapy of Spithri-
lost writings, and from Sallust's History. He first dates, and also placed under his command an army
gives a phrase generally, then an example, thus : strong enough to maintain the Macedonian autho-
* Firmatus illius rei, Sallust. Hist. iii. * Ad Cyzi- rity. (Arrian, Anal. i. 18. ) In the beginning of
cum perrerit firmatus animi. — Prudens illarum the year B. C. 328, Asander and Nearchus led a
rerum, Sall. Hist. i. Prudens omnium quae senatus number of Greek mercenaries to Alexander, who
consuerat. "
The following words he arranges was then staying at Zariaspa. (iv. 7. ) In tho
under the letter K:- K’ave, kareo, kaptus, khao division of the empire after the death of Alexander,
(abl. of chaos) kassus, klaudus, kalleo, kalco, kausa- in B. c. 323, Asander obtained Caria for his satrapy,
tus, klam,
in wbich he was afterwards confirmed by Antipa-
In some MSS. the work is called “ M. Fron- ter. (Phot. Bill. p. 64, a, 69, b, 72, a, ed. Bekk. ;
tonis Exempla Elocutionum," &c. ; in others, Diod. xviii. 3, 39, who in these and other passages
“ Arusiani (or Volusiani) Messi Quadriga. " On uses the name of Cassander instead of Asander,
the authority of the former MSS. it has often and thus produces a confusion in his account; Jus-
passed under the name of Fronto, and under his tin, xü. 4; Curtius, x. 10. ) At the command of
name it was published by Angelo Mai, from a MS. Antipater he fought against Attalus and Alcetas,
much mutilated, especially in the latter part. But both partizans of Perdiccas (Phot. Bibl. p. 72, b. ),
after what Fronto says on Cicero and other authors, but was conquered by them. In B. c. 317, while
it seems highly improbable that he would have Antigonus was engaged in Persia and Media,
employed himself in composing such a work from Asander incrcased his power in Asia Minor, and
these authors. He would have chosen some of his was undoubtedly a member of the confederacy
favourite writers, Ennius, &c. It is possible that which was formed by Ptolemy Lagi and Cassander
the work may be an extract by Arusianus from a of Macedonia against Antigonus, although he is
larger work by Fronto, which larger work would not mentioned by Diodorus (xix. 57) on account
have been composed from a greater number of of the above mentioned confusion with Cassander.
authors, including those which Fronto most ad- In B. c. 315, when Antigonus began his operations
mired. The best edition is that by Lindemann, against the confederates, he sent one Ptolemy, a
in his Corpus Grummaticorum Lutin. Vet. vol. i. nephew of his, with an army to relieve Amisus,
p. 199, from a MS. in the Wolfenbüttel collection, and to expel from Cappadocia the army with which
in excellent condition, and which, with the excep Asander had invaded that country ; but as Asan-
tion of a few passages, gives the work complete. It der was supported by Ptolemy Lagi and Cassander
contains more than half as much again as Mai's (Diod. xix. 62, 68), he maintained himself until
edition. This new part contains many of the most B. C. 313, when Antigonus himself marched against
valuable passages, those from Cicero's lost writings | him, and compelled him to conclude a treaty by
and from Sallust's History. The transcriber has which he was bound to surrender his whole army,
prefixed the following remark : -" In aliquibus to restore the Greek towns on the coast to free
Codicibus pro Arusiani Messi male irrepsit Cornelii dom, to regard his satrapy of Caria as the gift of
Frontonis. ” Lindemann gives in the notes the Antigonus, and to give his brother Agathon as
exact references to the passages which in the MS. hostage. But after a few days Asander broke this
are referred to only by the book. [Fronto. ] bumiliating treaty: he contrived to get his brother
(Niebuhr, in his edit. of Fronto, Berlin, 1816, p. out of the hands of Antigonus, and sent ambassa-
xxxi. , &c. ; Lindemann, Praefat. in Corp. Gramm. dors to Ptolemy and Seleucus for assistance. An-
Lat. l'et. i. p. 201, &c. ).
(A. A. ] tigonus indignant at these acts, immediately sent
ARYANDES ('Apvávdns), a Persian, who was out an army to restore the Greek towns to freedom
appointed by Cambyses governor of Egypt. During by force of arms. Caria too appears to have been
his administration Pheretime, the mother of Arce conquered, and Asander from this time disappears
silaus of Cyrene, is said to have come to Aryandes from history. (Diod. xix. 75. )
as a suppliant, and to have solicited his assistance 2. A man of high rank in the kingdom of the
in avenging the death of her son, who had been Bosporus. He first occurs in history as a general
murdered at Barca, as she pretended, because he of Pharnaces II. of the Bosporus, whose sister
had been a friend of the Persians. Aryandes ac- Dynamis was the wife of A sander. In B. C. 47,
cordingly placed an army and a fleet at her com- he revolted against his brother-in-law who had
mand. Herodotus thinks that this whole affair appointed him regent of his kingdom during his
was a mere pretext under which the Persian satrap war against Cn. Domitius Calvinus. Asander
concealed his desire of conquering Libya. After hoped by thus deserting his brother-in-law to win
the conquest of Barca, some of the Persians want- the favour of the Romans, and with their assist-
ed to take possession of Cyrene also, but before ance to obtain the kingdom for himself. When,
they came to any determination, Aryandes sent a therefore, Pharnaces was defeated by the Romans
messenger to call the troops back to Egypt. Da- and took refuge in his own dominions, Asander
reius Hystaspis wished to perpetuate his own had him put to death. A sander now usurped the
memory in a manner in which no king had yet throne, but was unable to maintain himself upon
done, and for this purpose he struck gold coins of it, for Julius Caesar commanded Mithridates of
the purest metal. Aryandes imitated the king by Pergamus, on whom he conferred the title of king
coining money of the purest silver ; but Dareius, of the Bosporus, to make war upon Asander.
indignant at such presumption, had him put to death. (Dion Cass. xlii. 46-48, liv. 24 ; Appian, Mithrid.
(Herod. iv. 1654-167, 200—203. ) (L. S. ] 120; Caesar, de Bello Aler. 78. ) The results of
ARYBAS or ARYMBAS. [ARRIBAS. ] this undertaking are not mentioned, but if we may
ARYE'NIS. (ASTYAGES. )
believe the authority of Lucian (Macrob. 17) Asan-
ASANDER ("Agavāpos). 1. A son of Philo der was deprived of his kingdom and afterwards
tas and brother of Parmenion. Alexander the restored by Augustus. He died of voluntary star-
Great appointed him in B. c. 334, gorernor of Ly- vation at the advanced age of ninety-three, from
## p. 380 (#400) ############################################
380
ASCALAPIIUS.
ASCLEPIADES.
despair at seeing his troops desert to Scribonius. declared that she had caten part of a pomegranate.
Stravo (vii. p. 311) speaks of a wall or a ditch Demeter (according to Apollodorus, l. c. , ii. 5. $ 1:2)
which Asander constructed across the Isthmus of punished him by burying him under a huge stone,
the Crimea, of 360 stadia in length, to protect the and when subsequently this stone was removed by
peninsula against the incursions of the nomadic lleracles, she changed Ascalaphus into an owi.
tribes. (Mannert, Geogr. der Griech. u. Rom. iv. According to Ovid, Persephone herself changed
P. 293. )
(L. S. ] him into an owl by sprinkling him with water of
ASBAMAEUS ('Aobauaios), a surname of the river Phlegethon. There is an evident resem-
Zeus, the protector of the sanctity of oaths. It blance between the mythus of Ascalabus and that
was derived from a well, Asbamaeon near Tyana, of Ascolaphus. The latter secms to be only a
in Cappadocia, the water of which was said to be moditication or continuation of the former, and the
beneficial and pleasant to honest persons, but pes- confusion may have arisen from the resemblance
tilential to those who were guilty of perjury. between the words dorénabos, a lizard, and do.
When perjured persons drank of the water, it pro- Kalapos, an owl.
(LS. )
duced a disease of the eyes, dropsy, and lameness, A'SCALUS ("Arralos), a son of Hymenaeus,
so that the guilty persons were unable to walk and a general of the Lydian king Aciamus, who is
away from the well, and were obliged to own said to have built the town of Ascalon in Syria.
their crime. (Philostr. Vit. Apolion. i. 6. ; Pseudo- (Steph. Ryz. s. r. 'Aokádwv. ) [L. S. ]
Aristot. Mirab. Auscult. 163; Ammian. Marcellin. ASCANIUS ('Aoravios), a son of Acneas by
xxiii. 6. )
(L. S. ) Creusa (Virg. Acn. ii. 666), or by Lavinia. (Liv.
A'SBOLUS (^Aobolos), a centaur, whom Hesiodi. 1, 3 ; Serv. ad Aen. vi. 760. ) From Livy it
(Scut. Herc. 185) calls oiwviotns, probably from would seem that some traditions distinguished be-
his skill in observing or prophesying from the tween an earlier and a later Ascanius, the one a
flight of birds.
