violent death, but this is
probably
only a repetition
peios.
peios.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
The list of
Maximus, are given by Combéfis in his edition of Patriarchs of Constantinople comprehends two
the works of that father. (Vol. ii. p. 116, &c. fol. Theodores: Theodore I. , from a. D. 676 to 678,
Paris, 1675. )
when he was deposed, on what account is not
19. Of CARA. [No. 2. )
known. But on the death of George, who had
20. Of Caria, one of the supporters of Photius been appointed to succeed him, he recovered his
[Photius, No. 3] in his contest with Ignatius patriarchate, which he held only for a short time,
[IGNATIUS, No. 3] for the patriarchate of Con- probably from A. D. 683 to 686. Theodore II. was
stantinople, in the ninth century. He is noticed sumamed Irenicus or Copas ; he had previously
here only to guard against his being confounded, held the office of Summus Philosophorum, "Tratos
as he has been by some writers, with Theodore Twv pilooópwv, and Chartophylax of the Great
Abucara (No. 2].
Church at Constantinople; and was patriarch for
21. Of Chios, a Stoic philosopher mentioned by sixteen months only, A. D. 1213-1215, while
Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 104).
Constantinople was in the bands of the Latin in-
22. Coetonita, a Greek Hymnographer, who raders. (Le Quien, Oriens Christianus, vol. i.
wrote Canon in Joannem Euchaitorum Episcopum col. 232, 233, 277. )
cognomento Mauropodem (JOANNES, No. 58), of 27. CRONUS; more correctly Diodorus Cronus.
which Allatius (Contra Hottingcr. p. 180) makes (DIODORUS, literary, No. 6. ]
some extracts. As Joannes lived in the middle of 28. Cutula (& Kousára), the contemporary
the eleventh century, and the Canon of Theodore and friend of Nicephorus Gregoras, the Byzantine
was written on occasion of his death, we are en- historian (GREGORAS, NICEPHORUS], and writer
abled to fix the time at which Theodore lived. of a commendatory letter to Nicephorus, which is
23. Of COLOPHON, a Greek poet of unknown given by Boivin among the Elogia prefixed to his
age, author of a song entitled åñtis," the wander- first volume of his edition of the works of that
ing," because sung at the Athenian festival called historian, fol. Paris, 1702. It is reprinted in
åñtis or alwpai, instituted in commemoration of Schopen's edition (2 vols. 8vo. Bonn, 18-29-30),
the wandering of Erigone, in search of her father vol. i. col. lxxxviii. Comp. Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
Icarius. (Pollux iv. 7. § 55. ) [ICARIUS) Aris- vol. vii. p. 655, vol. x. p. 385.
totle, in his account of the constitution of Colophon 29. Of CYNOPOLIS, a Greek rhetorician of un-
(év tñ Koopwviwv Toliteia, apud Athen. xiv. p. certain date. Allatius published under his name
618) mentions a tradition that Theodore was a an Ethopoeia ('HOоnoita). The piece was, however,
self-indulgent, luxurious person, which he thinks published by Gale among the Ethopoeias of Se-
is apparent also from his poetry; and states that verus (SEVERUS), to whom it is also assigned by
he perished by violence.
Walz. (Gale, Rhetores Selecti, 8vo. Oxon. 1676, p.
24. The Comedian (d kwurkós), mentioned by 219 ; Allatius, Exempla Varia Graecor. Rhetor. ac
Hesychius as being surnamed, or rather nicknamed Sophistarum, 8vo. Rome, 1641, p. 235 ; Walz,
πελεθόβαψ, dung-diver. ” According to some Rhetores Graeci, vol. i. p. 540, Stuttgard, 1832. )
accounts he was a poet. Nothing is known of his 30. CYNULCUS (8 Kúvoukos), one of the
time or country. (Hesych. 8. v. TeleOobay. ) speakers in the Deipnosophistae of Athenaeus
25. CONSTANTINI PORPHYROGENITI PAEDAGO- (Epit. lib. i. p. 1, d. , iv. p. 156, a, p. 159, e. , p.
GUS. Theodore, tutor to the emperor Constan- 160, d. , viii. p. 347, d. , &c. , xv. p. 669, b. e. , ed.
tine Porphyrogenitus [CONSTANTINUS VII. ] en Casaub. ). He is represented as a Cynic philoso-
joyed during the minority of that accomplished pher, a native of Megalopolis, and as laying aside
but weak prince, considerable influence in the bis true name of Theodore for the epithet Cy-
palace. The attempt of Leo Phocas and his nulcus. Whether he was a real or imaginary per-
brother-in-law, the chamberlain Constantine, to sonage is not known. The epithet Cynulcus, "one
## p. 1051 (#1067) ##########################################
THEODORUS.
1061
THEODORUS.
“
NEIUS,
whom the Cynics (xúves) followed," was borne by Senec. de Trang. An. c. 14; Val. Max. vi. 2, ex-
other teachers of the Cynic philosophy, e. g. CAR- tern. 3):-“ Employ such threats to those cour-
tiers of yours; for it matters not to Theodoro
31. Of CYRENE, a Pythagorean philosopher whether he rots on the ground or in the air. ”
of the age of Pericles. According to Proclus (In From the court or camp of Lysimachus he returned
Euclid. Element. Lib. 1. Commentarius, lib. ii
. apparently to that of Prolemy (Diog. Laërt ii.
p. 19, ed. Gryn. fol. Basil. 1533), he was a little 102). We read also of his going to Corinth with
younger than Anaxagoras (ANAXAGORAS), and a number of his disciples (ibid. ): but this was
was eminent as a mathematician.
Apuleius (De perhaps only a transient visit ring his residence
Dogmate Platonis, lib. i. B. De Philos. Natural. at Athens. He returned at length to Cyrene, and
haud longe ab init, and Diogenes Laërtius (iii. 6, lived there, anys Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 103), with
comp. ii. 103) state that Plato went to Cyrene to Marius. This Roman name is very questionable ;
study geometry under Theodore the mathema- and Grantmesnil (apud Menag. Ols. in Diog.
tician, apparently the subject of this article. He Laërt. l. c. ) not improbably conjectures that we
is one of those enumerated by lamblichus (De should read Magas, who was stepson of Ptolemy
Pythag. Vita, c. ult. ) in his catalogue of the the son of Lagus, and ruled over Cyrene for fifty
eminent Pythagoreans. (Fabric. Bill. Gracc. vol. i. years (from B. C. 308 to B. C. 258), either as viceroy
p. 876, vol. 2. p. 385. )
or king. The account of Laërtius leads to the in-
32. CYRINAICUS, & philosopher of the Cy- ference that Theodore ended his days at Cyrene.
renaic school (ARISTIPPUS), to one branch of Athenaeus (xiii. p. 611, a) states that he died a
which he gave the name of " Theodorians," Deodw.
violent death, but this is probably only a repetition
peios. He is usually designated by ancient writers of the erroneous statement of Amphicrates already
Atheus (& &deos), the Atheist, a name for which noticed. Various characteristic anecdotes of Theo-
that of Theus (los) was afterwards substituted. dore are preserved by the ancients (especially by
He was apparently a native of Cyrene (comp. Laërtius, ii. 97—103, 116; Plutarch, De Anini
Diog. Laërt. ii. 103), and was a disciple of the Tranquill. Opp. vol. vii. p. 829, De Easilio, Opp.
younger Aristippus (ib. ii. 86), who was grandson vol. viii. p. 391, ed. Reiske ; Val. Max. l. c. ; Philo
of the elder (Suidas, s. o. 'AplotInTOS) and more Jud. Quod omnis probus liber, c. 18, vol. ii. p. 465,
celebrated Aristippus, by his daughter Arete ed. Mangey, p. 884, ed. Pfeiffer. 8. Paris, vol. v. p.
(ARISTIPPUS; ARETE). Theodore belonged to 295, ed. Richter, Leipsic, 1828 ; Suidas, s. v.
the age of Alexander and his successors, a circum- Hpa), from which he appears to have been a man
stance which, as well as the opposite character of of keen and ready wit, unrestrained either by fear
his opinions, distinguishes him from the subject of or a sense of decency.
the preceding notice. He heard the lectures of a It has been already noticed that Theodore was
number of philosophers beside Aristippus ; as An- the founder of that branch of the Cyrenaic sect
niceris (ANNICERIS), and Dionysius the dialec- which was called after him “ 'Theodorei” (€0-
tician (Laërt. ii. 98), Zeno of Citium, Bryson, and Júpeloi), “ Theodoreans. " The general character-
Pyrrhon (Suidas, s. v. Ochdwpos); but not Crates, istics of the Cyrenaic philosophy are described
as Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. p. 189) has from elsewhere (ARISTIPPUS). The opinions of Theo-
a hasty and inaccurate interpretation of a passage dore, as we gather them from the perplexed state-
in Diogenes Laërtius (iv. 23) erroneously stated. ment of Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 98, foll. ) partook of
Nor could he have been, as Suidas states (s. v. the lax character of the Cyrenaic school. He
Lwxpétns), a hearer of Socrates. He was banished taught that the great end of human life is to obtain
from Cyrene, but on what occasion is not stated joy and avoid grief, the one the fruit of prudence,
(Laërt. ii. 103); and it is from the saying re- the other of folly ; that prudence and justice are
corded of him on this occasion, “ Ye men of Cy- good, their opposites evil ; that pleasure and pain
rene, ye do ill in banishing me from Cyrene to are indifferent. He made light of friendship and
Greece” (ib. ), as well as from his being a disciple patriotism, and affirmed that the world was his
of Aristippus, that we infer that he was a native country. He taught that there was nothing really
of Cyrene. Of his subsequent history we have disgraceful in theft, adultery, or sacrilege ; but that
no connected account; but unconnected anecdotes they were branded only by public opinion, which
of him show that he was at Athens, where he had been formed in order to restrain fools. But
narrowly escaped being cited before the court of the great charge against him was atheism. " He
Areiopagus. The influence, however, of Demetrius did away with all opinions respecting the Gods,"
Phalereus shielded him (ib. č. 101); and this inci- says Laërtius (ib. ), but some critics doubt whether
dent may therefore probably be placed during Deme- he was absolutely an atheist, or simply denied the
trius' ten years' administration at Athens, B. C. 317 ) existence of the deities of popular belief. The
-307 [DEMETRIUS, literary, No. 28). As Theo charge of atheism is sustained by the popular de-
dore was banished from Athens, and was after-signation of Theodorus “ Atheus,” by the au-
wards in the service of Ptolemy son of Lagus, first thority of Cicero (de Nat. Deor. i. 1), Laërtius
king of the Macedonian dynasty in Egypt, it is (l. c. ), Plutarch (De Placit. Philos. i. 7), Sextus
not unlikely that he shared the overthrow and Empiricus (Pyrrhon. Hypotyp. lib. iii. p. 182, ed.
exile of Demetrius. The account of Amphicrates Fabric. 1718, p. 172, ed. Bekker, 1842), and some
cited by Laërtius (ii. 101), that he was condemned of the Christian Fathers; while some other au-
to drink hemlock and so died, is doubtless an thorities (e. g. Clem. Alex. Protrept, ad Gentes, p.
While in the service of Ptolemy, Theodore 7, ed. Sylburg. pp. 20, 21, ed. Pott. vol. i, p. 20,
was sent on an embassy to Lysimachus, whom he ed. Klotz. Leipsic, 1831) speak of him as only re-
offended by the freedom of his remarks. One jecting the popular theology. The question is dis-
answer which he made to a threat of crucifixion (cussed and the authorities cited by Reimmann
which Lysimachus had used, has been celebrated (Hist. Atheismi, sect. ii. c. xxiv. & 3), and Brucker
by many ancient writers (Cic. Quacst. Tusc. i. 43;l (Hist
. Crit. Philos. pars ii. lib. ii. c. iii. $ 11)
.
error.
## p. 1052 (#1068) ##########################################
1052
THEODORUS.
THEODORUS.
6
Theodore wrote a book nepl Owv, De Diis, which peror, during his retirement (from B. c. 6 to A. d. 2)
Laërtius who had seen it, says (ii. 97) was not to to that island, was one of his hcarers (Quintil.
be contemned ; and he adds that it was said to Instit. Orat. lib. iii. c. i. &$ 17, 18 ; comp. Seneca,
have been the source of many of the statements or Suasoria, iii. sub fin. ) According to Suidas he was
arguments of Epicurus. According to Suidas (s. r. also settled at Rome, where he was the rival of
cóbwpos) he wrote many works both on the doc- Polemon and Antipater, the rhetoricians (Suidas,
trines of his sect and on other subjects. (Fabric. s. v. eodwpos radapeús). Whether his settle-
Bibl. Gracc. vol. iii. pp. 189, 615, vol. x. pp. 373, ment at Rome preceded that at Rhodes is un.
385. )
certain : it is likely that it did, and that Tiberius
33. DAPHNOPATES. (DAPIINOPATES. ) received instruction from him in rhetoric in his
34. DECAPOLITA (8 Dekatolítns), called also boyhood, as well as in maturer years, during his
Patricius and Quaestor, lived under Constantine reirent at Rhodes. By this supposition we may
VII. Porphyrogenitus, several of whose Novellae reconcile the statement given above from Quintilian
were drawn up by our Theodore. (Codinus, De with the following remarkable passage from Sueto-
Oriyinibus CPolitanis, p. 78, ed. Paris, p. 155, ed. nius (Tiber. c. 57): –
:-“lis (Tiberius's) cruel and
Bonn. cum notis Lambecii ; Lambec. De Biblioth. sluggish temperament did not escape notice even
Cacsaraea, vol. vi. pars i. col. 37. )
in his boyhood ; Theodore of Gadara, his teacher
35. Of Edessa, was first a monk of that city, in rhetoric, seems to have been the first who sa-
and then archdeacon (Cave says archbishop) of the gaciously perceived and aptly expressed it by a
Church there. Possin and Cave place hiin in the comparison, calling him from time to time when
twelfth century; and Cave observes that the capture reproving him (myndu aluatı tepupuévov), clay
of Edessa by the Saracens prevents our placing him tempered with blood. "" Theodorus was one of the
later, Ex Cupitibus Theodori Edesseni L. were most eminent rhetoricians of his time (comp. Juve.
give in a Latin version subjoined to Pontanus's nal, Sat. vii. 177); and was in fact the founder of
edition of the works of Symeon of St.
Maximus, are given by Combéfis in his edition of Patriarchs of Constantinople comprehends two
the works of that father. (Vol. ii. p. 116, &c. fol. Theodores: Theodore I. , from a. D. 676 to 678,
Paris, 1675. )
when he was deposed, on what account is not
19. Of CARA. [No. 2. )
known. But on the death of George, who had
20. Of Caria, one of the supporters of Photius been appointed to succeed him, he recovered his
[Photius, No. 3] in his contest with Ignatius patriarchate, which he held only for a short time,
[IGNATIUS, No. 3] for the patriarchate of Con- probably from A. D. 683 to 686. Theodore II. was
stantinople, in the ninth century. He is noticed sumamed Irenicus or Copas ; he had previously
here only to guard against his being confounded, held the office of Summus Philosophorum, "Tratos
as he has been by some writers, with Theodore Twv pilooópwv, and Chartophylax of the Great
Abucara (No. 2].
Church at Constantinople; and was patriarch for
21. Of Chios, a Stoic philosopher mentioned by sixteen months only, A. D. 1213-1215, while
Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 104).
Constantinople was in the bands of the Latin in-
22. Coetonita, a Greek Hymnographer, who raders. (Le Quien, Oriens Christianus, vol. i.
wrote Canon in Joannem Euchaitorum Episcopum col. 232, 233, 277. )
cognomento Mauropodem (JOANNES, No. 58), of 27. CRONUS; more correctly Diodorus Cronus.
which Allatius (Contra Hottingcr. p. 180) makes (DIODORUS, literary, No. 6. ]
some extracts. As Joannes lived in the middle of 28. Cutula (& Kousára), the contemporary
the eleventh century, and the Canon of Theodore and friend of Nicephorus Gregoras, the Byzantine
was written on occasion of his death, we are en- historian (GREGORAS, NICEPHORUS], and writer
abled to fix the time at which Theodore lived. of a commendatory letter to Nicephorus, which is
23. Of COLOPHON, a Greek poet of unknown given by Boivin among the Elogia prefixed to his
age, author of a song entitled åñtis," the wander- first volume of his edition of the works of that
ing," because sung at the Athenian festival called historian, fol. Paris, 1702. It is reprinted in
åñtis or alwpai, instituted in commemoration of Schopen's edition (2 vols. 8vo. Bonn, 18-29-30),
the wandering of Erigone, in search of her father vol. i. col. lxxxviii. Comp. Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
Icarius. (Pollux iv. 7. § 55. ) [ICARIUS) Aris- vol. vii. p. 655, vol. x. p. 385.
totle, in his account of the constitution of Colophon 29. Of CYNOPOLIS, a Greek rhetorician of un-
(év tñ Koopwviwv Toliteia, apud Athen. xiv. p. certain date. Allatius published under his name
618) mentions a tradition that Theodore was a an Ethopoeia ('HOоnoita). The piece was, however,
self-indulgent, luxurious person, which he thinks published by Gale among the Ethopoeias of Se-
is apparent also from his poetry; and states that verus (SEVERUS), to whom it is also assigned by
he perished by violence.
Walz. (Gale, Rhetores Selecti, 8vo. Oxon. 1676, p.
24. The Comedian (d kwurkós), mentioned by 219 ; Allatius, Exempla Varia Graecor. Rhetor. ac
Hesychius as being surnamed, or rather nicknamed Sophistarum, 8vo. Rome, 1641, p. 235 ; Walz,
πελεθόβαψ, dung-diver. ” According to some Rhetores Graeci, vol. i. p. 540, Stuttgard, 1832. )
accounts he was a poet. Nothing is known of his 30. CYNULCUS (8 Kúvoukos), one of the
time or country. (Hesych. 8. v. TeleOobay. ) speakers in the Deipnosophistae of Athenaeus
25. CONSTANTINI PORPHYROGENITI PAEDAGO- (Epit. lib. i. p. 1, d. , iv. p. 156, a, p. 159, e. , p.
GUS. Theodore, tutor to the emperor Constan- 160, d. , viii. p. 347, d. , &c. , xv. p. 669, b. e. , ed.
tine Porphyrogenitus [CONSTANTINUS VII. ] en Casaub. ). He is represented as a Cynic philoso-
joyed during the minority of that accomplished pher, a native of Megalopolis, and as laying aside
but weak prince, considerable influence in the bis true name of Theodore for the epithet Cy-
palace. The attempt of Leo Phocas and his nulcus. Whether he was a real or imaginary per-
brother-in-law, the chamberlain Constantine, to sonage is not known. The epithet Cynulcus, "one
## p. 1051 (#1067) ##########################################
THEODORUS.
1061
THEODORUS.
“
NEIUS,
whom the Cynics (xúves) followed," was borne by Senec. de Trang. An. c. 14; Val. Max. vi. 2, ex-
other teachers of the Cynic philosophy, e. g. CAR- tern. 3):-“ Employ such threats to those cour-
tiers of yours; for it matters not to Theodoro
31. Of CYRENE, a Pythagorean philosopher whether he rots on the ground or in the air. ”
of the age of Pericles. According to Proclus (In From the court or camp of Lysimachus he returned
Euclid. Element. Lib. 1. Commentarius, lib. ii
. apparently to that of Prolemy (Diog. Laërt ii.
p. 19, ed. Gryn. fol. Basil. 1533), he was a little 102). We read also of his going to Corinth with
younger than Anaxagoras (ANAXAGORAS), and a number of his disciples (ibid. ): but this was
was eminent as a mathematician.
Apuleius (De perhaps only a transient visit ring his residence
Dogmate Platonis, lib. i. B. De Philos. Natural. at Athens. He returned at length to Cyrene, and
haud longe ab init, and Diogenes Laërtius (iii. 6, lived there, anys Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 103), with
comp. ii. 103) state that Plato went to Cyrene to Marius. This Roman name is very questionable ;
study geometry under Theodore the mathema- and Grantmesnil (apud Menag. Ols. in Diog.
tician, apparently the subject of this article. He Laërt. l. c. ) not improbably conjectures that we
is one of those enumerated by lamblichus (De should read Magas, who was stepson of Ptolemy
Pythag. Vita, c. ult. ) in his catalogue of the the son of Lagus, and ruled over Cyrene for fifty
eminent Pythagoreans. (Fabric. Bill. Gracc. vol. i. years (from B. C. 308 to B. C. 258), either as viceroy
p. 876, vol. 2. p. 385. )
or king. The account of Laërtius leads to the in-
32. CYRINAICUS, & philosopher of the Cy- ference that Theodore ended his days at Cyrene.
renaic school (ARISTIPPUS), to one branch of Athenaeus (xiii. p. 611, a) states that he died a
which he gave the name of " Theodorians," Deodw.
violent death, but this is probably only a repetition
peios. He is usually designated by ancient writers of the erroneous statement of Amphicrates already
Atheus (& &deos), the Atheist, a name for which noticed. Various characteristic anecdotes of Theo-
that of Theus (los) was afterwards substituted. dore are preserved by the ancients (especially by
He was apparently a native of Cyrene (comp. Laërtius, ii. 97—103, 116; Plutarch, De Anini
Diog. Laërt. ii. 103), and was a disciple of the Tranquill. Opp. vol. vii. p. 829, De Easilio, Opp.
younger Aristippus (ib. ii. 86), who was grandson vol. viii. p. 391, ed. Reiske ; Val. Max. l. c. ; Philo
of the elder (Suidas, s. o. 'AplotInTOS) and more Jud. Quod omnis probus liber, c. 18, vol. ii. p. 465,
celebrated Aristippus, by his daughter Arete ed. Mangey, p. 884, ed. Pfeiffer. 8. Paris, vol. v. p.
(ARISTIPPUS; ARETE). Theodore belonged to 295, ed. Richter, Leipsic, 1828 ; Suidas, s. v.
the age of Alexander and his successors, a circum- Hpa), from which he appears to have been a man
stance which, as well as the opposite character of of keen and ready wit, unrestrained either by fear
his opinions, distinguishes him from the subject of or a sense of decency.
the preceding notice. He heard the lectures of a It has been already noticed that Theodore was
number of philosophers beside Aristippus ; as An- the founder of that branch of the Cyrenaic sect
niceris (ANNICERIS), and Dionysius the dialec- which was called after him “ 'Theodorei” (€0-
tician (Laërt. ii. 98), Zeno of Citium, Bryson, and Júpeloi), “ Theodoreans. " The general character-
Pyrrhon (Suidas, s. v. Ochdwpos); but not Crates, istics of the Cyrenaic philosophy are described
as Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. p. 189) has from elsewhere (ARISTIPPUS). The opinions of Theo-
a hasty and inaccurate interpretation of a passage dore, as we gather them from the perplexed state-
in Diogenes Laërtius (iv. 23) erroneously stated. ment of Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 98, foll. ) partook of
Nor could he have been, as Suidas states (s. v. the lax character of the Cyrenaic school. He
Lwxpétns), a hearer of Socrates. He was banished taught that the great end of human life is to obtain
from Cyrene, but on what occasion is not stated joy and avoid grief, the one the fruit of prudence,
(Laërt. ii. 103); and it is from the saying re- the other of folly ; that prudence and justice are
corded of him on this occasion, “ Ye men of Cy- good, their opposites evil ; that pleasure and pain
rene, ye do ill in banishing me from Cyrene to are indifferent. He made light of friendship and
Greece” (ib. ), as well as from his being a disciple patriotism, and affirmed that the world was his
of Aristippus, that we infer that he was a native country. He taught that there was nothing really
of Cyrene. Of his subsequent history we have disgraceful in theft, adultery, or sacrilege ; but that
no connected account; but unconnected anecdotes they were branded only by public opinion, which
of him show that he was at Athens, where he had been formed in order to restrain fools. But
narrowly escaped being cited before the court of the great charge against him was atheism. " He
Areiopagus. The influence, however, of Demetrius did away with all opinions respecting the Gods,"
Phalereus shielded him (ib. č. 101); and this inci- says Laërtius (ib. ), but some critics doubt whether
dent may therefore probably be placed during Deme- he was absolutely an atheist, or simply denied the
trius' ten years' administration at Athens, B. C. 317 ) existence of the deities of popular belief. The
-307 [DEMETRIUS, literary, No. 28). As Theo charge of atheism is sustained by the popular de-
dore was banished from Athens, and was after-signation of Theodorus “ Atheus,” by the au-
wards in the service of Ptolemy son of Lagus, first thority of Cicero (de Nat. Deor. i. 1), Laërtius
king of the Macedonian dynasty in Egypt, it is (l. c. ), Plutarch (De Placit. Philos. i. 7), Sextus
not unlikely that he shared the overthrow and Empiricus (Pyrrhon. Hypotyp. lib. iii. p. 182, ed.
exile of Demetrius. The account of Amphicrates Fabric. 1718, p. 172, ed. Bekker, 1842), and some
cited by Laërtius (ii. 101), that he was condemned of the Christian Fathers; while some other au-
to drink hemlock and so died, is doubtless an thorities (e. g. Clem. Alex. Protrept, ad Gentes, p.
While in the service of Ptolemy, Theodore 7, ed. Sylburg. pp. 20, 21, ed. Pott. vol. i, p. 20,
was sent on an embassy to Lysimachus, whom he ed. Klotz. Leipsic, 1831) speak of him as only re-
offended by the freedom of his remarks. One jecting the popular theology. The question is dis-
answer which he made to a threat of crucifixion (cussed and the authorities cited by Reimmann
which Lysimachus had used, has been celebrated (Hist. Atheismi, sect. ii. c. xxiv. & 3), and Brucker
by many ancient writers (Cic. Quacst. Tusc. i. 43;l (Hist
. Crit. Philos. pars ii. lib. ii. c. iii. $ 11)
.
error.
## p. 1052 (#1068) ##########################################
1052
THEODORUS.
THEODORUS.
6
Theodore wrote a book nepl Owv, De Diis, which peror, during his retirement (from B. c. 6 to A. d. 2)
Laërtius who had seen it, says (ii. 97) was not to to that island, was one of his hcarers (Quintil.
be contemned ; and he adds that it was said to Instit. Orat. lib. iii. c. i. &$ 17, 18 ; comp. Seneca,
have been the source of many of the statements or Suasoria, iii. sub fin. ) According to Suidas he was
arguments of Epicurus. According to Suidas (s. r. also settled at Rome, where he was the rival of
cóbwpos) he wrote many works both on the doc- Polemon and Antipater, the rhetoricians (Suidas,
trines of his sect and on other subjects. (Fabric. s. v. eodwpos radapeús). Whether his settle-
Bibl. Gracc. vol. iii. pp. 189, 615, vol. x. pp. 373, ment at Rome preceded that at Rhodes is un.
385. )
certain : it is likely that it did, and that Tiberius
33. DAPHNOPATES. (DAPIINOPATES. ) received instruction from him in rhetoric in his
34. DECAPOLITA (8 Dekatolítns), called also boyhood, as well as in maturer years, during his
Patricius and Quaestor, lived under Constantine reirent at Rhodes. By this supposition we may
VII. Porphyrogenitus, several of whose Novellae reconcile the statement given above from Quintilian
were drawn up by our Theodore. (Codinus, De with the following remarkable passage from Sueto-
Oriyinibus CPolitanis, p. 78, ed. Paris, p. 155, ed. nius (Tiber. c. 57): –
:-“lis (Tiberius's) cruel and
Bonn. cum notis Lambecii ; Lambec. De Biblioth. sluggish temperament did not escape notice even
Cacsaraea, vol. vi. pars i. col. 37. )
in his boyhood ; Theodore of Gadara, his teacher
35. Of Edessa, was first a monk of that city, in rhetoric, seems to have been the first who sa-
and then archdeacon (Cave says archbishop) of the gaciously perceived and aptly expressed it by a
Church there. Possin and Cave place hiin in the comparison, calling him from time to time when
twelfth century; and Cave observes that the capture reproving him (myndu aluatı tepupuévov), clay
of Edessa by the Saracens prevents our placing him tempered with blood. "" Theodorus was one of the
later, Ex Cupitibus Theodori Edesseni L. were most eminent rhetoricians of his time (comp. Juve.
give in a Latin version subjoined to Pontanus's nal, Sat. vii. 177); and was in fact the founder of
edition of the works of Symeon of St.
