No More Learning

XIX
1. Duke Ai asked how to keep the people in order. He said : Promote the straight and throw out the twisty, and the people will keep order; promote the twisty and throw out the straight and they won't.
xx
1. Chi K'ang asked how to instil that sincere rever- ence which would make people work. He said : Approach them seriously [verso it popolo], respectful and deferent to everyone; pron1ote the just and teach those who just cannot, and they will try.
XXI
1. Someone asked Confucius why he was not in the government.
2. He said: The Historic Documents say: filiality, simply filiality and the exchange between elder and younger brother, that spreads into govern1nent; why should one go into the government?
[P. turns this admirably : Pourquoi con- siderer seulement ceux qui occupent des emplois publics, co1nme rernplissant des fonc- tions publiques. ]
XXII
l. He said : Men don't keep their word, I don't know what can be done for them : a great cart without a wagon-pole, a small cart and no place to hitch the traces.
16
BOOK TWO
XXIII
1. Tze-Chang asked if there were any knowledge "good for ten generations.
2. He said : Yin, because there was wisdom in the rites of Hsia, took over some and added, and one can know this; Chou because it was in the rites of Yin took some and added; and one can know what; someone will
thread along after Chou, be it to an hundred generations one can know.
XXIV
1. He said : To sacrifice to a spirit not one's own is flattery.
2. To see justice and not act upon it is cowardice.
17
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -------------------------~? --~? -
? BOOK THREE
Pa Yih
The Eight Rows
I
1. Corps de ballet eight rows deep in Head of Chi's courtyard. Kung-tze said : If he can stand for that, what won't he stand for?
II
1. The Three Families used the Yung Ode while the
sacrificial vessels were cleared away. He said : "The Princes are facing the Dukes, the Son of Heaven is like a field of grain in the sunlight," does this apply to their family halls?
III
1. A man without manhood, is this like a rite? Is there any music to a man without n1anhood?
IV
1. Lin Fang asked what was the root of the rites.
2. He said : That is no small question.
3. Better to be economical rather than extravagant in
festivities and take funerals sorrowfully rather than lightly. [Poignancy rather than nuances (of ceremony). ]
BOOK THREE
VI
1. The head of the Chi sacrificing to T'ai Shan (the Sacred East Mountain), Confucius said to Zan Yu: Can't you save him? The reply was : I cannot. Kung said: Too bad, that amounts to saying that T'ai Shan is below the level of Lin Fang. [Vide supra, IV, L]
VII
1. He said : The proper man has no squabbles; if he
contends it is in an archery contest, he bows politely and
goes up the hall, he comes down and drinks (his forfeit if he loses), contending like a gentleman.
VIII
1. Tze-Hsia asked the meaning of :
" T h e dimpled smile, the eye's clear white and
black,
Clear ground whereon hues lie. "
2. He said : The broidery is done after the simple
weaving.
3. (Hsia) said: You mean the ceremonial follows . . ?
4. He said : Shang's on, I can start discussing poetry with him.
IX
1. He said : I can speak of the Hsia ceremonial but you can't prove it by Chi (data) ; I can speak of the Yin ceremonies but Sung (data) won't prove it. The inscribed offerings ar. e insufficient to argue from, were they ade- quate they could bear me out. [I should think this hsien 4. M. 2699, might refer to the inscribed sacrificial bones, which Karlgren has done so much work on. ]
vx
1. I--Ie said : Eastern and northern tribes have princes
1. He said : When the Emperor has poured the liba- tion in the Sacrifice to the Source of the dynasty, I have no wish to watch the rest of the service.
19
not like this Hsia country has lost. them. ]
18
[Or: which has lost
? ? ? ? ? ? ? --------------
? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
XI
1. Someone said : What does the sacrifice mean? He said: I do not know. If one knew enough to tell that, one could govern the empire as easily as seeing the palm of one's hand.
XII
1. He sacrificed as if he had taken root-hold in the earth, he- sacrificed to the circumvolant spirits as if they took root.
2. He said: If I do not enter into this light, it is as if I did not sacrifice. [Or, H I do not give, i. e. myself, to it. ]
XIII
1. " stove versus altar "
Wang-sun Chia asked the meaning of : It is better to pay court to the hearth [pre. rnnt lexicons: stove] than to the mysterious (the household gods).
2. He said: It simply isn't. Who sins against heaven has nothing to pray to. [No means of getting light with the seasons. ]
XIV
I. He said : Chou revised the two dynasties, how full and precise was its culture, I fo11ow Chou.
xv
1. B:ntering the Great Ten1ple, he asked about every detail. Son1eone said : Who says the Man from Tsau knows the rites? He goes into the Great Temple and asks about everything. He said : That is the etiquette.
XVI
" bullseye better than shooting thru the target "
1. He said : In archery the going clean thru the leather is not. the first requisite. Men aren't equally
20
BOOK THREE
strong. That was the old way [? when they were ex- p. ected to be all of them fit for itJ.
XVII
1. Tze-Kung wanted to eliminate the sheep from the sacrifice to the new moon.
2. He said : You, Ts'ze, love the sheep, I love the rite.
XVIII
1. He said : Some people consider it sycophancy to serve one's prince with all the details of the rites.
XIX
1. The Duke of Ting asked how a prince should employ his ministers, and how ministers should serve their prince. Kung-tze answered : The prince uses his ministers according to the prescribed ceremonial, minis- ters serve the prince by their sincerity. [The prince to judge the propriety, the ministers (middle-heart) not to fake in the execution. ]
xx
I. He said : The fish-hawk song [the first of the folk- songs in the anthology] is pleasant without being licen- tious, its melancholy does no hurt (does not wound).
XXI
1. The Duke Ai asked Tsai Wo about the chthonian altars. * Tsai Wo replied: The Hsia dynasty's clans planted pines, the Yin cypress, and the men of Chou chestnut trees (Ii) in order to instil awe (Ii) in the populace.
*P. Q? Ufels ou tertres de terre; rather than P's" w11tour," I should take " amid " pines, etc.
21
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
2. Kung heard this and said : Perfect acts do not use
words, prolonged customs are not sentenced, what for-
merly was is not to be blamed. XXII
1. He said : Kwan Chung is a small dish, and how I
2. Someone said : Is Kwan Chung stingy?
3. He said: Kwan Chung had the Triple-Return
(pagoda), court functionaries did not work overtime, how can he have been stingy?
4. "Did Kwan Chung, then, know the ceremonies? "
5. (He) said: Princes of States plant gate-screens; Kwan Chung also set up a gate-screen. When State Princes meet they have a small table for inverted cups; Kwan also had a small table, if Kwan knew how to
XXIII
1. Talking with the superintendent of music in Lu,
he said : On? e can understand this music; a rousing start in unison, then the parts follow pure, clear one from another, (brilliant) explicit to the conclusion.
XXIV
1. The Border Warden at I asked to see him, saying
when gentlemen come here I have always seen them.
(Kung's) escort introduced him. He came out saying: Small group of friends [lvt: you two three gentlemen] how can you regret his loss of office. The empire has long been in anarchy. Heaven will use the big man as a watchman's rattle. [L. (Legge): bell with wooden tongue. M. : with clapper. ]
xxv
I. He said : The Shao (songs) are completely beauti- ful and wholly good. The Wu are beautiful, completely, but not completely good (morally proportioned).
22
BOOK THREE
XXVI
1. He said: Dwelling on high without magnanimity,
p~rfonning the rites without reverence, corning to funerals without regrets; why should I bother about 'em?
23
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? BOOK FOUR
I
1. He said : A neighbourhood's humanity is its beauty. If a man doesn't settle among real people, how can he
know.
II
1. He said : Without n1anhood one cannot stand diffi- culties, nor live for long atnid pleasures, The real man is at rest in his inanhood, the wise man profits by it.
III
1. He said : Only the complete man can love others, or hate them.
BOOK FOUR
VI
"1. He said : I have not seen anyone who loves whole- h~manity and who hates un-whole manhood_; if he lo_ve this whole-manhood (humanity) he cannot nse above 1t; if he hate the un-whole manhood, he would go to work on his own manhood, he would not try to get incomplete men to heighten his character for him.
2. If a man can direct his energy for one day towai:d 1nanhood, ch? I have not seen anyone's energy insufficient.
1. He said : If the will is set toward manhood, there
you may. ]
is no criminality.
cf/mustard seed. ]
[The graph of kou' suggests grass-root
v
IX
1.
}le said: Riches with honour are what men desire; if not obtained in the right way, they do not last. Poverty and penny-pinching are what men hate, but are only to be avoided in the right way.
2. If a gentleman give up manhood, what does his title really mean, what does the complete name gentle- man mean?
3. A proper man doesn't merely lay off his manhood after dinner. He must have it to make a sequence, he must have it in sudden disasters.
24
1. He said : A scholar with his will on learning the process, who is ashamed of poor clothes, and fusses over bad food, is not worth talking to.
x
1. I-le said: A proper 1nan is not absolutely bent on, or absolutely averse from, anything in particular, he will be just.
XI
1. The proper man is concerned with exan1ining his consciousness and acting on it, the sma11 man is concerned about land; the superior man about legality, the small man about favours.
25
3.
A case may exist, but I have not seen it.
VII
VIII
He said : A man's errors, every one of 'em, belong
? 1.
to his environment (clique, party, gang he associates with); watch his faults and you can judge his humanity.
1. He said: Hear of the process at sunrise, you can die in the evening. [Word order is: morning hear pro- IV cess, evening die can? may, you may, it is possible that
? ? ? ? ? ? ? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
XII
1. He said : Always on the make : many complaints.
XIII
1. I-Ie said : Can with ceremony and politeness manage a state, what difficulty will he have; unable to govern a state with ceremonies and courtesy, what ordered en- lightenment has he?
XIV
1. He said: Not worried at being out of a job, but about being fit for one; not \Vorried about being unknown but about doing something knowable.
xv
1. He said : Shan, my process is unified, penetrating, it holds things together and sprouts. Tsang said: Only? 2. (Kung)2-tze went out. A disciple asked : what does he mean? Tsang-tze said: the big man's way con-
sists in sincerity and sympathy, and that's all.
XVI
1. He said : The proper man understands* equity, the small man, profits.
XVII
1. He said : See solid talent and think of measnring up to it; see the un-solid and examine your own insides.
*yu: mouth answering in the affirmative, parable. responds to, all out for.
26
BOOK FOUR XVIII
1. He said: In being useful to father and mother, o~e can almost reprove them; but if they won't do what one wants one must respect them and not oppose* them, work and not grumble.
XIX
1. He said: During their lifetime one must not go far abroad, or if one does, must leave an address.
xx
1. I-Ie said : To carry on in a father's way for three
years, can be called continuing as a son.
XXI
1. He said: One must recognize the age of one's father and mother both as a measure of good and of anxiety.
XXII
1. He said : The men of old held in their words for fear of not matching then1 in their character.
XXIII
1. Those who consume their own smoke seldom get lost. The concise seldom err.
XXIV
1. He said : The proper man wants to put a meaning into his words (or to be slow in speech), ready in action.
xxv
1. He said : Candidness is not fatherless, it is bound to have neighbours.
*<wei cf/II. , v. I.
27
? ? ? ? ? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
XXVI
1. Tze-Yu said: Harping on things with a prince brings disgrace, and between friends estrangement.
BOOK FIVE
Kung-Ye Ch'ang
I
1. He described Kung-Ye Ch'ang as a suitable hus- band: although he was fettered with the black (criminal's) rope he was not guilty; completing the idea he gave him his daughter to wife.
2. Of Nan Yung he said: if the country were well governed he would not be out of office; if the country were in chaos he would escape punishment and disgrace; he gave him his elder brother's daughter to wife.
II
1. He said of Tze-Chien : a proper man, and how ! If there weren't proper men in Lu, where did he get it from?
III
1. Tze-Kung said: What about me, Ts'ze? Con- fucius said : You're a dish. "What kind? " Confucius said : Oh, a jewelled one for the altar.
IV
1. Someone said : Y ung is a full man but not elo- quent. [Persuasive, ideogram: man tranquillizing a ivoman. ]
2. He said : How would he use verbal cleverness? Resist n1en with glibness, it will get you constant detesta- tions from them; how would he use clever talk?
v
On not wishing to be forced into insincerity.
1. He was urging Ch'i-tiao to go into government employ, who answered : I couldn't keep my word (if I did). Confucius was pleased. [Word order: I this, or
thus, is not can stand by my word. ] 29
28
---? ----?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? What about Ch'ih? " Confucius said : Ch'ih, in
-~-------------~~
? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
VI
1. He said : The process is not acted upon [old style: "the way is not trodden"]. I will get onto a raft and floatatseaand. . . eh. . . Yuwillfollowme. Tsze-lu (Y u) was pleased to hear this. Confucius said: Y u likes audacity more than I do, he wouldn't bother to get the logs (to make his raft).
VII
1. Mang Wu the elder asked if Tze-Lu was a whole man. Confucius said : I don't know.
2. He (Mang) asked again, and Confucius said : In a state of a thousand cars he could manage military enrollment, but I do not know if he is a total man.
3. "What about Ch'iu? " Confucius said : He could
govern a city of a thousand families, or a clan mounting
a hundred war cars, I do not know if he is all one can
ask of a man.
11
4.
an immaculate sash, could be used to talk to visitors and court guests, I do not know if he is ail one can ask of a man.
VIII
1. He asked Tze-Kung: Who comprehends most, you
or Hui?
2. The answer : No comparison, Hui hears one point and relates it to ten (understands its bearing on ten, I on one only); I hear one point and can only get to the next.
3. He said : Not the same, I agree you are not alike. IX
1. Tsai Y u was sleeping in day-time. Confucius said: Rotten wood cannot be carved; a wall of dung won't hold plaster, what's the use of reproving him?
30
BOOK F IV E
2. He said : When I started, I used to hear words, and believe they would be acted on; now I listen to what men? say and watch what they do. Yu has caused that adjustment.
x
1. I-Ie said : I do not see anyone constant.
answered: Shan Ch'ang. He said : Ch'ang is moved by his passions, how can he achieve constancy?
XI
l. Tze-Kung said: What I don't waat done to me,
I don't want to do to anyone else.
Ts'ze, you haven't got that far yet.
XII
Confucius said : No,
1. Tze-Kung said: The big man's culture shows, one can manage to hear about that; the big man's words about the inborn-nature and the process of heaven, one cannot manage to hear. [They don't go in through the ear. ]
XIII
l. When Tze-Lu had heard of anything he couldn't practice he was only worried about having heard it.
[Doubtful reading. ]
XIV
1. Tze-Kung asked how . Kung-Wan got to be called
u Wan," the accomplished. Confucius said: He was active, loved study and was not ashamed to question his inferiors, therefore described as "the accomplished. "
31
Someone
? ? ? ? ? ? CONFUCIAN ANALECTS
xv
1. IIe said to Tze-Ch'an: there are four components in a proper man's doing: 1Ie is rev. erent in his personal conduct, scrupulously honourable in serving his prince, considerate in provisioning the people, and just in employing them.
XVI
I. He said : Yen P'ing understood friendship, how- ever long the intercourse his scruples remained as at first.
XVII
I. He said : Tsang Wan the elder kept a large tor- toise; his capitals showed dCpicted mountains, and the little columns were adorned as if with duckweed; just what sort of kuowl. edge had he? fLegge's punctuation. Shift the comma and it cd/mean, dwelt on Tsan (Tor- toise) mountain. ]
XVIII
1. Tze-Chang asked about Tsze-Wan made minister three times and his face showed no pleasure, retired three tim. es and his face showed no displeasure, felt constrained to tell the new minister about the old minister's (mode of) governing? Confucius said : a sincere man. (Chang) said : and as to his being the total man? Confucius said : I don't know how he ean be called fully human.
2. Ch'ui-tze killed the Ch'i prince, Ch'an Wan had forty tea1ns of horses, he abandoned them and went abroad, coming to another state he said : " ~fhey are like the great officer Ch'ui" and departed fron1 that first state, to a second, and again saying: "They are like the great officer Ch'ui," he departed. What about him? Confucius said : pure. (Chang) said : total manhood? Confucius said : I do not know how this ean amount to being total manhood.
32
BOOK SIX r/ XIX
I. , ~hi Wan ! ? ought three times before taking action. Confucms heard it and said: Twice might be enough.
xx
I. He said : Ning Wu when the country was well governed behaved as a savant; when the country was in c~aos he acted as a simple rustic; one can attain this wisdom but not this simplicity.
XXI
I. When he was in Ch'an he said : Return, let me return. My ~ssociates are little children, uppish, short- cutters, ;cersatile and accomplished up to the end of the chapter, but do not know how to moderate.
XXII
I. He said : Po-i and Shu-ch'i did not think about antient hates (birds hidden under the grass), you might say they moulted off their resentments.