121, and also in the
which would become a Christian minister.
which would become a Christian minister.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
These are :-
curious particulars of the art of dancing among the 'Aλκύων ή περί Μεταμορφώσεως, Halcyon seu de
ancients. Acádegis após 'Holodov, Dissertatio cum | Transforinatione. This dialogue is completely op-
Hesiodo. A charge against that poet that he cannot posed to Lucian's manner, as the fabulous tale of
predict futurity, as he gave out. The genuineness the Halcyon, which he would have ridiculed, is
is doubtful.
treated seriously. It has been attributed to Leo
6. MISCELLANEOUS Pieces. We are now to the academician. For the rest, the style is agree-
enumerate those few works of Lucian which do not able enough. Nepi tñs 'Aotpodoylns, De Astro-
fall under
any of the preceding divisions, and which logia, containing a serious defence of astrology, can
not being in the form of dialogues, bear some never have been Lucian's. The Ionic dialect, too,
analogy to the modern essay. Ipos tòv eimóvta condemns it; the affected use of which Lucian
Ilpoundeús el év nóyous, Ad eum qui dixerat Pro- ridicules in his Quom. Hist. § 18.
The same
metheus es in Verbis. A reply to somebody who objections apply to the ſlepi tñs Lupins Seow, De
had compared him to Prometheus. Allusion has Dea Syria, also in the Ionic dialect. Though the
already been made to this piece, which, as the scholiast on the Nubes of Aristophanes ascribes it
title implies, turns chiefly on his own works. Teved to Lucian we may safely reject it. Such a narrative
Juoiwv, De Sacrificiis. The absurdities of the of superstitious rites could never have come from
heathen worship, especially of the Egyptian, are his pen, without at least a sneer, or a word of cas-
pointed out in a serious style. This was probably tigation. Nor would he have sacrificed his beard
an early production. Tepl Twv én uloq ovvóvtwv, at the temple of Hierapolis, as in the last sentence
De Mercede Conductis, was written to dissuade a the author represents himself as having done. The
Greek philosopher from accepting a place in a Kuvirós, Cynicus, is abjudicated by the scholiast,
Roman household, by giving a humorous description and with reason ; for the cynic worsts Lucian in
of the miseries attending it. This little piece the argument about his tenets. The Χαρίδημος η
abounds with wit and good sense, and may be repi kaldous, Charidemus seu de Pulchro, is a frigid
placed among Lucian's most amusing productions. imitation of Plato, bearing no mark of Lucian's
It is likewise valuable for the picture it contains of hand, and has been rejected by the best critics.
Roman manners, which Lucian has here painted in Népwv nepi tñs úpuxñs Toû 'lo@nov, Nero, seu
highly unfavourable colours, but perhaps with some de Fossione Isthmi. Wieland seems to have stood
exaggeration and caricature. The 'Atuloyla nepi alone in asserting this dialogue to be Lucian's.
TWV ÉTTà this ouv. , Apologia pro de Merc. Cond. , is From the concluding part the author appears to
Lucian's defence against a charge of inconsistency, have been alive at the time of Nero's death. It
in having accepted his Egyptian office, after having contains some curious particulars of that emperor's
written the foregoing piece. The chief ground of singing. The spuriousness of the Philopatris has
defence is the difference between a public and been already shown.
private office, and indeed the charge was absurd. It is probable that several of Lucian's works
As already mentioned, this piece contains some are lost. In the Life of Demonax, § 1, he mentions
particulars of Lucian's life. 'TTÈP TOû ev Tŷ Tpoo- having written a life of Sostratus, which is not now
ayopevoel atalouatos, Pro Lapsu in Salutando, a extant. Of his rhetorical pieces perhaps the greater
playful little piece, though containing some curious part is lost, as Suidas says of them gérpantai
learning, in which Lucian excuses himself for auto & telpa.
having saluted a great man with úziaive in the Lucian's merits as a writer consist in his know-
morning, instead of xaipe. In the Tepi mevbolls, ledge of human nature, which, however, he gene-
De Luctu, the received opinion concerning the in- rally viewed on its worst side ; his strong conimon
## p. 821 (#837) ############################################
LUCIANUS.
821
LUCIANUS.
:
Bense ; the fertility of his invention ; the raciness of Lucian's works:- Florence, 1496, fol. (printer
of his humour ; and the simplicity and Attic grace unknown) Editio Princeps. First Aldine edition,
of his diction. His knowledge was probably not Venice, 1503, fol. This edition, printed from bad
very profound, and it may be suspected that he MSS. and very incorrect, was somewhat improved
was not always master of the philosophy that he in the second Aldine, 1522, fol. , but is still inferior
attacked. He nowhere grapples with the tenets to the Florentine. In this edition the Peregrinus
of a sect, but confines himself to ridiculing the and Philopulris are generally wanting, which had
manners of the philosophers, or at most some of the been put into the Index Expurgutorius, by the
salient and obvious points of their doctrines. Du court of Rome. The Aldine, however, served as
Soul, in a note on the Hippias, $ 3, has collected the basis of subsequent editions, till 1615, when
two or three passages to show Lucian's ignorance Bourdelot published at Paris a Greck and Latin
of the elements mathematics ; and from this edition in folio, the text corrected from MSS. and
charge he has hardly, perhaps, been rescued by the Editio Princeps. This was repeated with
the defence of Belin de Ballu. He had, however, emendations in the Saumur edition, 1619. Le
the talent of displaying what he did know to the Clerc's edition, 2 vols. 8vo. , Amsterdam, 1687, is
best advantage ; and as he had travelled much and very incorrect. In 1730 Tib. Hemsterhuis begin
held extensive intercourse with mankind, he had to print his excellent edition, but dying in 1736.
opportunities to acquire that sort of knowledge before a quarter of it had been finished, the editor-
which books alone can never give. Gesner justly ship was assigned to J. F. Reitz, and the book was
calls him Holkúratos, and affirms that there is published at Amsterdam, in 3 vols. 4to. , in 1743.
scarcely a sect or race of men whose history or In 1746 K. K. Reitz, brother of the editor, printed
chief characteristics he has not noted: presenting at Utrecht an Index, or Lericon Luciuneum, in 1
us with the portraits of philosophers of almost vol. 4to. , which, though extensive, is not complete.
every sect ; rhetors, flatterers, parasites ; rich and The edition of Hemsterhuis, besides his own notes,
poor, old and young ; the superstitions and the also contains those of Jensius, Kuster, L. Bos,
atheistic ; Romans, Athenians, Scythians ; im- Vitringa, Du Soul, Gesner, Reitz, and other com-
postors, actors, courtezans, soldiers, clowns, kings, mentators. An appendix to the notes of Hems-
tyrants, gods and goddesses. (Dissert. de Philop. xvi. ) terhuis, taken from a MS. in the Leyden library,
His writings have a more modern air than those of was published at that place by J. Geel, 1824, 4to.
any other classic author ; and the keenness of his Hemsterhuis corrected the Latin version for his
wit, the richness, yet extravagance of his humour, edition as far as De Sacrificiis; and of the re-
the fertility and liveliness of his fancy, his proneness mainder a new translation was made by Gesner.
to scepticism, and the clearness and simplicity of his The reprint by Schmidt, Mittau 1776–80, 8 vols.
style, present us with a kind of compound between 8vo. , is incorrect. The Bipont edition, in 10 vols.
Swift and Voltaire. There was abundance to 8vo. , 1789—93, is an accurate and elegant reprint
justify his attack in systems against which of Hemsterhuis's edition, with the addition of col-
they were directed. Yet he establishes nothing in lations of Parisian MSS. ; but the omission of the
their stead. His aim is only to pull down ; to Greek index is a drawback to it. A good edition
spread a universal scepticism. Nor were his assaults of the text and scholia only is that of Schmieder,
confined to religion and philosophy, but extended to Halle, 1800—1801, 2 vols. 8vo. Lehman's edition,
every thing old and venerated, the poems of Homer Leipzig, 182)-31, 9 vols. 8vo. , is well spoken of.
and Hesiod, and the history of Herodotus. Yet There is a very convenient edition of the text by
writing as he did amidst the doomed idols of an W. Dindorf, with a Latin version, but without
absurd superstition, and the contradictory tenets of notes, published at Paris, 1840, 8vo.
an almost equally absurd philosophy, his works had Amongst editions of separate pieces may be
undoubtedly a beneficial influence on the cause of named Colloquia Selecta, by Hemsterhuis, Amst.
truth. That they were indirectly serviceable to 1708, 12mo. , and 1732. Dialogi Selecti, by Edward
Christianity, can hardly be disputed ; but, though Leedes, London, 8vo. , 1710 and 1726. Mythologie
Lucian is generally just in his representations of Dramatique de Lucien, avec le texte Grecque par
the Christians, we may be sure that such a result J. B. Gail, Paris, 1798, 4to. Dialogues des Morts,
was as far from his wishes as from his thoughts. par le même, Paris, 1806, 8voLa Luciade, avec
Photius (Cod. 128) gives a very high character le texte Grecque par Courier, Paris, 1818, 12mo.
of Lucian's style, of the purity of which he Toxaris, Halle, 1825, and Alexander, Cöln, 18:28
piqued himself, as may be seen in the Bis Acc. S 8vo. , with notes and prolegomena by K. G. Jacob.
34, and other places, though occasional exceptions Alexander, Demonax, Gallus, Icaromenirpus, &c. ,
might perhaps be pointed out. Erasmus, who was by Fritzsche, Leipzig, 1826. Dialogi Deorum,
a great admirer of Lucian, and translated many Ibid. 1829.
of his works into Latin, gives the following cha- Lucian has been translated into most of the
racter of his writings in one of his epistles, and European languages. In German there is an excel-
which, making a little allowance for the studied lent version by Wieland (Leipzig, 1788–9, 6 vols.
antithesis of the style, is not far from the truth. 8vo. ), accompanied with valuable comments and
“Tantum obtinet in dicendo gratiae, tantum in in- illustrations. " The French translation of D’Ablan-
veniendo felicitatis, tantum in jocando leporis, in court (Paris, 1654, 2 vols. 4to. ) is elegant but un-
mordendo aceti ; sic titillat allusionibus, sic seria faithful. There is another version by B. de Ballu,
nugis, nugas seriis miscet ; sic ridens vera dicit, Paris, 1788, 6 vols. 8vo. In Italian there is a
vera dicendo ridet ; sic hominum mores, affectus, translation by Manzi, 1819–20. Among the
studia, quasi penicillo depingit, neque legenda, sed English versions may be named one by several
plane spectanda, oculis exponit, ut nulla comoedia, hands, including W. Moyle, Sir H. Shere, and
nulla satyrah
, cum hujus dialogis conferri debeat, Charles Blount, London, 1711. For this edition,
seu voluptatem spectes, seu spectes utilitatem. ” which had been undertaken several years before it
The following are some of the principal editions was published, Dryden wrote a life of Lucian, a
a
!
3 G 3
## p. 822 (#838) ############################################
822
LUCIFER.
LUCILIUS.
hasty performance, containing some gross errors. The works of this fierce polemic, which, although
The best English version is that of Dr. Franklin, all alike deformed by the same unseemly harshness
2 vols. 4to. London, 1780, and 4 vols. 8vo. London, and passion, are extremely valuable, on account of
1781 ; but some of the pieces are omitted. Mr. the numerous quotations from Scripture every
Tooke's version (2 vols. 4 to. London, 1820) is of where introduced, may be arranged in the follow-
little value.
[T. D. ] ing order:
LUCIE'NUS, a Roman senator, a friend of M. 1. Epistola ad Eusebium, written in the month
Varro, and one of the speakers in his dialogue De of March or April, 355. II. De non conveniendo
Re Rustica (ii. 5). He is supposed to be the same cum Haereticis, written between 356 and 358, at
person with Lucienus or Luscienus mentioned by Germanica, while suffering under the persecution
Cicero (ad Att. vii. 5).
(W. B. D. ] of Eudoxius, the Arian bishop of that place. 111.
LUCIFER. [PHOSPHORUS. )
De Regibus Apostolicis, written at Eleutheropolis in
LUCIFER, bishop of Cagliari, hence sumamed 358. IV. Ad Constantium Aurustum pro Suncto
Caluritanus, first appears in ecclesiastical history Athanasio, Liliri 11. , written at the same place,
as joint legate with Eusebius of Vercelli [EUSEBIUS about 360. V. De non parcendo in Deum delin-
VerceLLENSIS) from pope Liberius to the council quentibus, written about the same time with the
of Milan (A. D. 354), where, along with his col- preceding. VI. Muriendum pro Filio Dei, written
league, he displayed such determined firmness in about the beginning of 301, on being interrogated
withstanding the demands of the Arian emperor, respecting the authorship of the tract Ad Constun-
that he was first cast into prison, and then trans- tium. VII. Epistolu al Florentium Magistrum
ported from place to place as an exile, every where Officiorum, written at the same time with the pre-
enduring hardships and cruelty. While residing ceding. An Epistola ad Cutholicos, written while
at Eleutheropolis in Syria he composed in vigorous imprisoned at Milan, is lost.
but coarse and unpolished style his chief work, en- The Editio Princeps of the works of Lucifer
titled Ad Constantium Augustum pro Sancto Atha- appeared at Paris, 8vo. 1568, superintended by
ausio Libri 11. , which, although containing forcible Joannes Tillius, bishop of Meaux (Meldensis), and
arguments in favour of the truth, is characterised dedicated to pope Pius the Fifth. Although in
by such outrageous intemperance of expression, that many respects very imperfect, it was reprinted
many passages bear more resemblance to the ravings without alteration in the Alagna Bibliotheca Patrum,
of a furious madman than to the calm reasoning fol. Colon. 1618, vol. iv. p.
121, and also in the
which would become a Christian minister. Con- Paris collection. But even these are superior to
stantius, either in anger or contempt, inquired of the text exhibited in the Biblioth. Patrum Mar.
Lucifer, through Florentius, the magister officiorum, fol. Lugdun. 1687, vol. iv. p. 181, since here we
whether he was really the author of this invective, find not only many changes introduced without
but no immediate punishment appears to have MS. authority, but all the scriptural quotations
followed the bold acknowledgment, and any scheme accommodated to the vulgate version. Much better
of vengeance which might have been meditated than any of the preceding is the edition contained
was frustrated by the death of the tyrant. The in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland, vol. vi. p. 115
violent and ungovernable temper of the Sardinian (fol. Venet. 1770), but by far the best is that pub-
prelate, who was now restored to freedom, along lished by the brothers Coleti (fol. Venet. 1778),
with other victims of religious persecution, soon whose labours presented this father for the first
began to introduce confusion and discord among time in a satisfactory form. (Hieronym. de Viris
his own friends. He increased the disorders which IU. 95, Advers. Luciferian. Dial. ; Rufin. H. E.
agitated the church at Antioch by interfering in i. 30 ; Sulp. Sever. H. S. ii. 48 ; Socrat. H. E. ii.
their disputes, and ordaining Paulinus bishop, in 5 ; Sozomen. H. E. v. 12 ; Theodoret. H. E. iii. 4;
opposition to Meletius ; and when his proceedings Schönemann, Biblioth. Patr. Lat. i. $ 8, where very
were censured by Eusebius, who had been de- full information concerning the different editions
spatched to Antioch by the Alexandrian synod to will be found. )
(W. R. )
quell these tumults, he did not hesitate to anathe- LUCI'LIA GENS, plebeian, produced only
matise his old tried friend, so long the companion one person of any celebrity, the poet Lucilius ; but
of his dangers and misfortunes. Finding that his none of its members obtained any of the higher
extreme opinions received no sanction from the offices of the state. Under the republic we find
ecclesiastical authorities either in the East or West, the cognomens Balbus and Bassus, and under the
and that he was disclaimed even by Athanasius, empire Capito and LONGUS. On coins we find
who at one time had spoken of his writings in the cognomen Rufus, which does not, however,
terms of the warmest admiration, he retired to his occur in any ancient writer (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 239).
native island, and there founded the small sect of A few persons of the name of Lucilius are men-
the Luciferiani. The distinguishing tenet of these tioned without any cognomen.
schismatics was, that no Arian bishop, and no LUCI’LIUS. 1. Sext. Lucilius, tribune of
bishop who had any measure yielded to the the plebs, B. C. 86, a partizan of Sulla, was in the
Arians, even although he repented and confessed following year thrown down the Tarpeian rock by
his errors, could enter the bosom of the church his successor P. Laenas, who belonged to the
without forfeiting his ecclesiastical rank, and that Marian party. (Vell. Pat. ii. 24. )
all bishops and others who admitted the claims of 2. Sext. LUCILIUS, the son of T. Gavius Caepio,
such persons to a full restoration of their privileges was tribune of the soldiers in the army of M.
became themselves tainted and outcasts-a doctrine Bibulus, and was slain at Mount Amanus, B. c. 50.
which, had it been acknowledged at this period in (Cic. ad Att. v. 20. $ 4. )
its full extent, would have had the effect of excom- 3. L. LUCILIUS, was with App. Claudius Pul-
municating nearly the whole Christian world. cher (CLAUDIUS, No. 38] in Cilicia, B. c. 38 (Cic.
Lucifer died during the reign of Valentinian, pro- ad Fam. iii. 5. $ 1). He is probably the same as
Lubly about A. D. 370.
the Lucilius who is mentioned by Cicero as como
## p. 823 (#839) ############################################
LUCILIUS.
823
LUCILIUS.
erroneous.
manding the fleet of Dolabella in Cilicia, R. C. 43 Hor. Sat. i. 4. 6, i. 10. 1, &c. , 46, &c; Cic. dc
(Cic. ad Fum. xii. 13. $ 3). Instead of Lucilius, Orat. ii. 1, de Fin. i. 3. )
Manutius wishes, on the authority of some MSS. , It must not be concealed that the accuracy of
to read Lucius, understanding thereby L. Figulus, many of the above statements with regard to
whom Appian (B. C. iv. 60) mentions as the legate matters of fact, although resting upon the best
of Dolabella.
evidence that antiquity can supply, have been
4. C. LUCILIUS, was, on account of his intimacy called in question. Bayle adduces three arguments
with Cicero, a friend of Milo. (Ascon. in Mil. p. to prove that the dates given by Jerome must be
37, ed. Orelli. )
5. LUCILIUS, fought on the side of Brutus at the 1. If Lucilius was born in B. C. 148, since
battle of Philippi, B. c. 42, and when the repub- Numantin was taken in B. c. 133, he could have
lican arıny was in flight and the enemy had nearly scarcely been fifteen years old when he joined the
overtaken Brutus, he represented himself to be the army; but the military age among the Romans was
latter in order to save his friend. He was brought seventeen or, at the earliest, sixteen.
before M. Antony, who was so struck with his 2. A. Gellius (ii. 21) gives a quotation from
magnanimity, that he not only forgave him, but Lucilius, in which mention is made of the Liciniin
trented him ever afterwards as one of his most sumptuary law; but this law was p:issed about
intiinate friends. (Appian, B. C. iv. 129; Plut. B. c. 98, therefore Lucilius must have been alive at
Brut. 50, Anton. 69. )
least five years after the period assigned for his
LUCI'LIUS, C. Our information with regard to death.
this poet, although limited in extent, is sufficiently 3. Horace (Sat, ji. ). 28), when describing the
precise. In the version of the Eusebian Chronicle, devotion of Lucilius to his books, to wluich he coni-
by Jerome, it is recorded that he was born B. C. mitted every secret thought, and which thus present
148, that he died at Naples B. c. 103, in the 46th a complete and vivid picture of his life and cha-
year of his age, and that he received the honour racter, uses the expression
of a public funeral. From the words of Juvenal,
compared with those of Ausonius, we learn that
quo fit ut omnis
Votiva pateat veluti descripta tabella
Suessa of the Aurunci was the place of his nati-
Vita senis
vity ; from Velleius, that he served in the cavalry
under Scipio in the Numantine war; from Horace but the epithet scnis could not with any propriety
and the old scholiast on Horace, that he lived upon be applied to one who died at the age of forty-six.
terms of the most close and playful familiarity with To these arguments we may briefly reply-
Africanus and Laelius ; from Acro and Porphyrio, 1. It can be proved by numerous examples that
that he was either the maternal grand-uncle, or, not only was it common for youths under the
which is less probable, the maternal grandfather of regular military age to serve as volunteers, but that
Pompey the Great. Ancient critics agree that, if such service was frequently compulsory. This
not absolutely the inventor of Roman satire, he appears clearly from the law passed by C. Gracchus
was the first to mould it into that form which after- B. C. 124, to prevent any one from being forced to
wards assumed consistency, and received full de- enter the army who had not attained to the age of
velopeinent in the hands of Horace, Persius, and seventeen. (See Stevech. ad Veget. i. 7; Liv. xxv.
Juvenal. The first of these three great masters, 5 ; Sigon. de Jure Civ. Rom. i. 15; Manut, de Ley.
while he censures the harsh versification and turbid 12. )
redundancy which resulted from the slovenly haste 2. It is here taken for granted that the Les
with which Lucilius threw off his compositions, Licinia sumptuaria was passed in the year B. c. 98,
and from his impatience of the toil necessary for or rather, perhaps, B. c. 97, in the consulship of
their correction, acknowledges, with the same ad- Cn.
curious particulars of the art of dancing among the 'Aλκύων ή περί Μεταμορφώσεως, Halcyon seu de
ancients. Acádegis após 'Holodov, Dissertatio cum | Transforinatione. This dialogue is completely op-
Hesiodo. A charge against that poet that he cannot posed to Lucian's manner, as the fabulous tale of
predict futurity, as he gave out. The genuineness the Halcyon, which he would have ridiculed, is
is doubtful.
treated seriously. It has been attributed to Leo
6. MISCELLANEOUS Pieces. We are now to the academician. For the rest, the style is agree-
enumerate those few works of Lucian which do not able enough. Nepi tñs 'Aotpodoylns, De Astro-
fall under
any of the preceding divisions, and which logia, containing a serious defence of astrology, can
not being in the form of dialogues, bear some never have been Lucian's. The Ionic dialect, too,
analogy to the modern essay. Ipos tòv eimóvta condemns it; the affected use of which Lucian
Ilpoundeús el év nóyous, Ad eum qui dixerat Pro- ridicules in his Quom. Hist. § 18.
The same
metheus es in Verbis. A reply to somebody who objections apply to the ſlepi tñs Lupins Seow, De
had compared him to Prometheus. Allusion has Dea Syria, also in the Ionic dialect. Though the
already been made to this piece, which, as the scholiast on the Nubes of Aristophanes ascribes it
title implies, turns chiefly on his own works. Teved to Lucian we may safely reject it. Such a narrative
Juoiwv, De Sacrificiis. The absurdities of the of superstitious rites could never have come from
heathen worship, especially of the Egyptian, are his pen, without at least a sneer, or a word of cas-
pointed out in a serious style. This was probably tigation. Nor would he have sacrificed his beard
an early production. Tepl Twv én uloq ovvóvtwv, at the temple of Hierapolis, as in the last sentence
De Mercede Conductis, was written to dissuade a the author represents himself as having done. The
Greek philosopher from accepting a place in a Kuvirós, Cynicus, is abjudicated by the scholiast,
Roman household, by giving a humorous description and with reason ; for the cynic worsts Lucian in
of the miseries attending it. This little piece the argument about his tenets. The Χαρίδημος η
abounds with wit and good sense, and may be repi kaldous, Charidemus seu de Pulchro, is a frigid
placed among Lucian's most amusing productions. imitation of Plato, bearing no mark of Lucian's
It is likewise valuable for the picture it contains of hand, and has been rejected by the best critics.
Roman manners, which Lucian has here painted in Népwv nepi tñs úpuxñs Toû 'lo@nov, Nero, seu
highly unfavourable colours, but perhaps with some de Fossione Isthmi. Wieland seems to have stood
exaggeration and caricature. The 'Atuloyla nepi alone in asserting this dialogue to be Lucian's.
TWV ÉTTà this ouv. , Apologia pro de Merc. Cond. , is From the concluding part the author appears to
Lucian's defence against a charge of inconsistency, have been alive at the time of Nero's death. It
in having accepted his Egyptian office, after having contains some curious particulars of that emperor's
written the foregoing piece. The chief ground of singing. The spuriousness of the Philopatris has
defence is the difference between a public and been already shown.
private office, and indeed the charge was absurd. It is probable that several of Lucian's works
As already mentioned, this piece contains some are lost. In the Life of Demonax, § 1, he mentions
particulars of Lucian's life. 'TTÈP TOû ev Tŷ Tpoo- having written a life of Sostratus, which is not now
ayopevoel atalouatos, Pro Lapsu in Salutando, a extant. Of his rhetorical pieces perhaps the greater
playful little piece, though containing some curious part is lost, as Suidas says of them gérpantai
learning, in which Lucian excuses himself for auto & telpa.
having saluted a great man with úziaive in the Lucian's merits as a writer consist in his know-
morning, instead of xaipe. In the Tepi mevbolls, ledge of human nature, which, however, he gene-
De Luctu, the received opinion concerning the in- rally viewed on its worst side ; his strong conimon
## p. 821 (#837) ############################################
LUCIANUS.
821
LUCIANUS.
:
Bense ; the fertility of his invention ; the raciness of Lucian's works:- Florence, 1496, fol. (printer
of his humour ; and the simplicity and Attic grace unknown) Editio Princeps. First Aldine edition,
of his diction. His knowledge was probably not Venice, 1503, fol. This edition, printed from bad
very profound, and it may be suspected that he MSS. and very incorrect, was somewhat improved
was not always master of the philosophy that he in the second Aldine, 1522, fol. , but is still inferior
attacked. He nowhere grapples with the tenets to the Florentine. In this edition the Peregrinus
of a sect, but confines himself to ridiculing the and Philopulris are generally wanting, which had
manners of the philosophers, or at most some of the been put into the Index Expurgutorius, by the
salient and obvious points of their doctrines. Du court of Rome. The Aldine, however, served as
Soul, in a note on the Hippias, $ 3, has collected the basis of subsequent editions, till 1615, when
two or three passages to show Lucian's ignorance Bourdelot published at Paris a Greck and Latin
of the elements mathematics ; and from this edition in folio, the text corrected from MSS. and
charge he has hardly, perhaps, been rescued by the Editio Princeps. This was repeated with
the defence of Belin de Ballu. He had, however, emendations in the Saumur edition, 1619. Le
the talent of displaying what he did know to the Clerc's edition, 2 vols. 8vo. , Amsterdam, 1687, is
best advantage ; and as he had travelled much and very incorrect. In 1730 Tib. Hemsterhuis begin
held extensive intercourse with mankind, he had to print his excellent edition, but dying in 1736.
opportunities to acquire that sort of knowledge before a quarter of it had been finished, the editor-
which books alone can never give. Gesner justly ship was assigned to J. F. Reitz, and the book was
calls him Holkúratos, and affirms that there is published at Amsterdam, in 3 vols. 4to. , in 1743.
scarcely a sect or race of men whose history or In 1746 K. K. Reitz, brother of the editor, printed
chief characteristics he has not noted: presenting at Utrecht an Index, or Lericon Luciuneum, in 1
us with the portraits of philosophers of almost vol. 4to. , which, though extensive, is not complete.
every sect ; rhetors, flatterers, parasites ; rich and The edition of Hemsterhuis, besides his own notes,
poor, old and young ; the superstitions and the also contains those of Jensius, Kuster, L. Bos,
atheistic ; Romans, Athenians, Scythians ; im- Vitringa, Du Soul, Gesner, Reitz, and other com-
postors, actors, courtezans, soldiers, clowns, kings, mentators. An appendix to the notes of Hems-
tyrants, gods and goddesses. (Dissert. de Philop. xvi. ) terhuis, taken from a MS. in the Leyden library,
His writings have a more modern air than those of was published at that place by J. Geel, 1824, 4to.
any other classic author ; and the keenness of his Hemsterhuis corrected the Latin version for his
wit, the richness, yet extravagance of his humour, edition as far as De Sacrificiis; and of the re-
the fertility and liveliness of his fancy, his proneness mainder a new translation was made by Gesner.
to scepticism, and the clearness and simplicity of his The reprint by Schmidt, Mittau 1776–80, 8 vols.
style, present us with a kind of compound between 8vo. , is incorrect. The Bipont edition, in 10 vols.
Swift and Voltaire. There was abundance to 8vo. , 1789—93, is an accurate and elegant reprint
justify his attack in systems against which of Hemsterhuis's edition, with the addition of col-
they were directed. Yet he establishes nothing in lations of Parisian MSS. ; but the omission of the
their stead. His aim is only to pull down ; to Greek index is a drawback to it. A good edition
spread a universal scepticism. Nor were his assaults of the text and scholia only is that of Schmieder,
confined to religion and philosophy, but extended to Halle, 1800—1801, 2 vols. 8vo. Lehman's edition,
every thing old and venerated, the poems of Homer Leipzig, 182)-31, 9 vols. 8vo. , is well spoken of.
and Hesiod, and the history of Herodotus. Yet There is a very convenient edition of the text by
writing as he did amidst the doomed idols of an W. Dindorf, with a Latin version, but without
absurd superstition, and the contradictory tenets of notes, published at Paris, 1840, 8vo.
an almost equally absurd philosophy, his works had Amongst editions of separate pieces may be
undoubtedly a beneficial influence on the cause of named Colloquia Selecta, by Hemsterhuis, Amst.
truth. That they were indirectly serviceable to 1708, 12mo. , and 1732. Dialogi Selecti, by Edward
Christianity, can hardly be disputed ; but, though Leedes, London, 8vo. , 1710 and 1726. Mythologie
Lucian is generally just in his representations of Dramatique de Lucien, avec le texte Grecque par
the Christians, we may be sure that such a result J. B. Gail, Paris, 1798, 4to. Dialogues des Morts,
was as far from his wishes as from his thoughts. par le même, Paris, 1806, 8voLa Luciade, avec
Photius (Cod. 128) gives a very high character le texte Grecque par Courier, Paris, 1818, 12mo.
of Lucian's style, of the purity of which he Toxaris, Halle, 1825, and Alexander, Cöln, 18:28
piqued himself, as may be seen in the Bis Acc. S 8vo. , with notes and prolegomena by K. G. Jacob.
34, and other places, though occasional exceptions Alexander, Demonax, Gallus, Icaromenirpus, &c. ,
might perhaps be pointed out. Erasmus, who was by Fritzsche, Leipzig, 1826. Dialogi Deorum,
a great admirer of Lucian, and translated many Ibid. 1829.
of his works into Latin, gives the following cha- Lucian has been translated into most of the
racter of his writings in one of his epistles, and European languages. In German there is an excel-
which, making a little allowance for the studied lent version by Wieland (Leipzig, 1788–9, 6 vols.
antithesis of the style, is not far from the truth. 8vo. ), accompanied with valuable comments and
“Tantum obtinet in dicendo gratiae, tantum in in- illustrations. " The French translation of D’Ablan-
veniendo felicitatis, tantum in jocando leporis, in court (Paris, 1654, 2 vols. 4to. ) is elegant but un-
mordendo aceti ; sic titillat allusionibus, sic seria faithful. There is another version by B. de Ballu,
nugis, nugas seriis miscet ; sic ridens vera dicit, Paris, 1788, 6 vols. 8vo. In Italian there is a
vera dicendo ridet ; sic hominum mores, affectus, translation by Manzi, 1819–20. Among the
studia, quasi penicillo depingit, neque legenda, sed English versions may be named one by several
plane spectanda, oculis exponit, ut nulla comoedia, hands, including W. Moyle, Sir H. Shere, and
nulla satyrah
, cum hujus dialogis conferri debeat, Charles Blount, London, 1711. For this edition,
seu voluptatem spectes, seu spectes utilitatem. ” which had been undertaken several years before it
The following are some of the principal editions was published, Dryden wrote a life of Lucian, a
a
!
3 G 3
## p. 822 (#838) ############################################
822
LUCIFER.
LUCILIUS.
hasty performance, containing some gross errors. The works of this fierce polemic, which, although
The best English version is that of Dr. Franklin, all alike deformed by the same unseemly harshness
2 vols. 4to. London, 1780, and 4 vols. 8vo. London, and passion, are extremely valuable, on account of
1781 ; but some of the pieces are omitted. Mr. the numerous quotations from Scripture every
Tooke's version (2 vols. 4 to. London, 1820) is of where introduced, may be arranged in the follow-
little value.
[T. D. ] ing order:
LUCIE'NUS, a Roman senator, a friend of M. 1. Epistola ad Eusebium, written in the month
Varro, and one of the speakers in his dialogue De of March or April, 355. II. De non conveniendo
Re Rustica (ii. 5). He is supposed to be the same cum Haereticis, written between 356 and 358, at
person with Lucienus or Luscienus mentioned by Germanica, while suffering under the persecution
Cicero (ad Att. vii. 5).
(W. B. D. ] of Eudoxius, the Arian bishop of that place. 111.
LUCIFER. [PHOSPHORUS. )
De Regibus Apostolicis, written at Eleutheropolis in
LUCIFER, bishop of Cagliari, hence sumamed 358. IV. Ad Constantium Aurustum pro Suncto
Caluritanus, first appears in ecclesiastical history Athanasio, Liliri 11. , written at the same place,
as joint legate with Eusebius of Vercelli [EUSEBIUS about 360. V. De non parcendo in Deum delin-
VerceLLENSIS) from pope Liberius to the council quentibus, written about the same time with the
of Milan (A. D. 354), where, along with his col- preceding. VI. Muriendum pro Filio Dei, written
league, he displayed such determined firmness in about the beginning of 301, on being interrogated
withstanding the demands of the Arian emperor, respecting the authorship of the tract Ad Constun-
that he was first cast into prison, and then trans- tium. VII. Epistolu al Florentium Magistrum
ported from place to place as an exile, every where Officiorum, written at the same time with the pre-
enduring hardships and cruelty. While residing ceding. An Epistola ad Cutholicos, written while
at Eleutheropolis in Syria he composed in vigorous imprisoned at Milan, is lost.
but coarse and unpolished style his chief work, en- The Editio Princeps of the works of Lucifer
titled Ad Constantium Augustum pro Sancto Atha- appeared at Paris, 8vo. 1568, superintended by
ausio Libri 11. , which, although containing forcible Joannes Tillius, bishop of Meaux (Meldensis), and
arguments in favour of the truth, is characterised dedicated to pope Pius the Fifth. Although in
by such outrageous intemperance of expression, that many respects very imperfect, it was reprinted
many passages bear more resemblance to the ravings without alteration in the Alagna Bibliotheca Patrum,
of a furious madman than to the calm reasoning fol. Colon. 1618, vol. iv. p.
121, and also in the
which would become a Christian minister. Con- Paris collection. But even these are superior to
stantius, either in anger or contempt, inquired of the text exhibited in the Biblioth. Patrum Mar.
Lucifer, through Florentius, the magister officiorum, fol. Lugdun. 1687, vol. iv. p. 181, since here we
whether he was really the author of this invective, find not only many changes introduced without
but no immediate punishment appears to have MS. authority, but all the scriptural quotations
followed the bold acknowledgment, and any scheme accommodated to the vulgate version. Much better
of vengeance which might have been meditated than any of the preceding is the edition contained
was frustrated by the death of the tyrant. The in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland, vol. vi. p. 115
violent and ungovernable temper of the Sardinian (fol. Venet. 1770), but by far the best is that pub-
prelate, who was now restored to freedom, along lished by the brothers Coleti (fol. Venet. 1778),
with other victims of religious persecution, soon whose labours presented this father for the first
began to introduce confusion and discord among time in a satisfactory form. (Hieronym. de Viris
his own friends. He increased the disorders which IU. 95, Advers. Luciferian. Dial. ; Rufin. H. E.
agitated the church at Antioch by interfering in i. 30 ; Sulp. Sever. H. S. ii. 48 ; Socrat. H. E. ii.
their disputes, and ordaining Paulinus bishop, in 5 ; Sozomen. H. E. v. 12 ; Theodoret. H. E. iii. 4;
opposition to Meletius ; and when his proceedings Schönemann, Biblioth. Patr. Lat. i. $ 8, where very
were censured by Eusebius, who had been de- full information concerning the different editions
spatched to Antioch by the Alexandrian synod to will be found. )
(W. R. )
quell these tumults, he did not hesitate to anathe- LUCI'LIA GENS, plebeian, produced only
matise his old tried friend, so long the companion one person of any celebrity, the poet Lucilius ; but
of his dangers and misfortunes. Finding that his none of its members obtained any of the higher
extreme opinions received no sanction from the offices of the state. Under the republic we find
ecclesiastical authorities either in the East or West, the cognomens Balbus and Bassus, and under the
and that he was disclaimed even by Athanasius, empire Capito and LONGUS. On coins we find
who at one time had spoken of his writings in the cognomen Rufus, which does not, however,
terms of the warmest admiration, he retired to his occur in any ancient writer (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 239).
native island, and there founded the small sect of A few persons of the name of Lucilius are men-
the Luciferiani. The distinguishing tenet of these tioned without any cognomen.
schismatics was, that no Arian bishop, and no LUCI’LIUS. 1. Sext. Lucilius, tribune of
bishop who had any measure yielded to the the plebs, B. C. 86, a partizan of Sulla, was in the
Arians, even although he repented and confessed following year thrown down the Tarpeian rock by
his errors, could enter the bosom of the church his successor P. Laenas, who belonged to the
without forfeiting his ecclesiastical rank, and that Marian party. (Vell. Pat. ii. 24. )
all bishops and others who admitted the claims of 2. Sext. LUCILIUS, the son of T. Gavius Caepio,
such persons to a full restoration of their privileges was tribune of the soldiers in the army of M.
became themselves tainted and outcasts-a doctrine Bibulus, and was slain at Mount Amanus, B. c. 50.
which, had it been acknowledged at this period in (Cic. ad Att. v. 20. $ 4. )
its full extent, would have had the effect of excom- 3. L. LUCILIUS, was with App. Claudius Pul-
municating nearly the whole Christian world. cher (CLAUDIUS, No. 38] in Cilicia, B. c. 38 (Cic.
Lucifer died during the reign of Valentinian, pro- ad Fam. iii. 5. $ 1). He is probably the same as
Lubly about A. D. 370.
the Lucilius who is mentioned by Cicero as como
## p. 823 (#839) ############################################
LUCILIUS.
823
LUCILIUS.
erroneous.
manding the fleet of Dolabella in Cilicia, R. C. 43 Hor. Sat. i. 4. 6, i. 10. 1, &c. , 46, &c; Cic. dc
(Cic. ad Fum. xii. 13. $ 3). Instead of Lucilius, Orat. ii. 1, de Fin. i. 3. )
Manutius wishes, on the authority of some MSS. , It must not be concealed that the accuracy of
to read Lucius, understanding thereby L. Figulus, many of the above statements with regard to
whom Appian (B. C. iv. 60) mentions as the legate matters of fact, although resting upon the best
of Dolabella.
evidence that antiquity can supply, have been
4. C. LUCILIUS, was, on account of his intimacy called in question. Bayle adduces three arguments
with Cicero, a friend of Milo. (Ascon. in Mil. p. to prove that the dates given by Jerome must be
37, ed. Orelli. )
5. LUCILIUS, fought on the side of Brutus at the 1. If Lucilius was born in B. C. 148, since
battle of Philippi, B. c. 42, and when the repub- Numantin was taken in B. c. 133, he could have
lican arıny was in flight and the enemy had nearly scarcely been fifteen years old when he joined the
overtaken Brutus, he represented himself to be the army; but the military age among the Romans was
latter in order to save his friend. He was brought seventeen or, at the earliest, sixteen.
before M. Antony, who was so struck with his 2. A. Gellius (ii. 21) gives a quotation from
magnanimity, that he not only forgave him, but Lucilius, in which mention is made of the Liciniin
trented him ever afterwards as one of his most sumptuary law; but this law was p:issed about
intiinate friends. (Appian, B. C. iv. 129; Plut. B. c. 98, therefore Lucilius must have been alive at
Brut. 50, Anton. 69. )
least five years after the period assigned for his
LUCI'LIUS, C. Our information with regard to death.
this poet, although limited in extent, is sufficiently 3. Horace (Sat, ji. ). 28), when describing the
precise. In the version of the Eusebian Chronicle, devotion of Lucilius to his books, to wluich he coni-
by Jerome, it is recorded that he was born B. C. mitted every secret thought, and which thus present
148, that he died at Naples B. c. 103, in the 46th a complete and vivid picture of his life and cha-
year of his age, and that he received the honour racter, uses the expression
of a public funeral. From the words of Juvenal,
compared with those of Ausonius, we learn that
quo fit ut omnis
Votiva pateat veluti descripta tabella
Suessa of the Aurunci was the place of his nati-
Vita senis
vity ; from Velleius, that he served in the cavalry
under Scipio in the Numantine war; from Horace but the epithet scnis could not with any propriety
and the old scholiast on Horace, that he lived upon be applied to one who died at the age of forty-six.
terms of the most close and playful familiarity with To these arguments we may briefly reply-
Africanus and Laelius ; from Acro and Porphyrio, 1. It can be proved by numerous examples that
that he was either the maternal grand-uncle, or, not only was it common for youths under the
which is less probable, the maternal grandfather of regular military age to serve as volunteers, but that
Pompey the Great. Ancient critics agree that, if such service was frequently compulsory. This
not absolutely the inventor of Roman satire, he appears clearly from the law passed by C. Gracchus
was the first to mould it into that form which after- B. C. 124, to prevent any one from being forced to
wards assumed consistency, and received full de- enter the army who had not attained to the age of
velopeinent in the hands of Horace, Persius, and seventeen. (See Stevech. ad Veget. i. 7; Liv. xxv.
Juvenal. The first of these three great masters, 5 ; Sigon. de Jure Civ. Rom. i. 15; Manut, de Ley.
while he censures the harsh versification and turbid 12. )
redundancy which resulted from the slovenly haste 2. It is here taken for granted that the Les
with which Lucilius threw off his compositions, Licinia sumptuaria was passed in the year B. c. 98,
and from his impatience of the toil necessary for or rather, perhaps, B. c. 97, in the consulship of
their correction, acknowledges, with the same ad- Cn.
