No More Learning

i. pp. 704, foll. ; Welcker, Welcker, die Griech. Trag. pp. 1006, 1007; Kayser,
Prolegomena ad Theognidem, comp. the Review by Hist. Crit. Trag. Graec. pp. 325, 326 ; Wagner,
Geel, in the Bibl. Crit. Nov. vol. iv. pp. 209–245; Frag. Trag. Graec. pp. 92, 93, in Didot's Biblia
Schneidewin, Thcogn. Eleg. Prooemium, in his theca Scriptorum Graecorum).
Delectus, pp. 46-56; Müller, History of the Lite- 3. The author of a work περί των εν Ρόδω
rature of Ancient Greece, vol. i. pp. 120—124 ; Juoiwy, from the second book of which is a quota-
Ulrici ; Bode ; Theognis Restitutus, The personal tion made by Athenaeus (viii. p. 360, b. ; Vossius,
history of the poet Thcognis deduced from an analysis de Hist. Gracc. p. 504, ed. Westermann). [P. S. ]
of his existing Fragments, Malta, 1842, 4to. ; this THEOGNOSTUS (Oebywotos). 1. A Chris-
last work we have not seen ; it is favourably men- tian writer, a native of Alexandria, the author of a
tioned by Schneidewin, who says, “ manches ist work entitled toù makapiou Ocoyvuotou 'Alejav-
sehr sinnreich aufgefasst u. anregend,” in Mühl- opéws kai 5019Toù ÚTOTUTKOELS. Photius, who
mann and Jenicke's Repertorium d. class. Philologie, speaks in very disrespectful terms of him,' gives
1844, vol. i. p. 41, in which periodical also will be a brief account of the contents of the work. (Cod.
found references to several recent papers in the 106. ) It seems, from what he says, that Theo-
German periodicals on matters relating to Theognis: gnostus closely followed Origenes. The style is
for an account of other illustrative works, see described by Photius as being of a rery inferior
Hoffmann, Ler. Bibliogr. s. v. )
description. Athanasius, however, speaks in much
2. A tragic poet, contemporary with Aristo- higher terms of Theognostus. (Fabric. Bibl. Gracc.
phanes, who mentions him only in three passages, vol. x. p. 709. )
but they are rich ones. In the first (Acharn. 11) 2. A Byzantine grammarian, who lived at the
attend
Laat
TH
Az
TE
Pert
Tert
Т.
Green
La:
Bay
I
these
ka


## p. 1079 (#1095) ##########################################

1
;
3
THEOMNESTUS.
THEON.
1079
beginning of the ninth century after Christ. He that is known of him is contained in the statement
was the author of a work on prosody, which is of Pliny, that Mnason, the tyrant (of Elateia),
still extant in manuscript, addressed to the em- gave him one hundred minae apiece for certain
peror Leo, the Armenian. He also wrote a history pictures, each of which represented a single hero.
of the reign of Michael II. , surnamed the Stam (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 10. 6. 36. & 21. ) [P. S. )
merer, the successor of Leo. (Villoison, Anecd. THEON (éwv). Of three of this name whose
Graec. vol. ii. p. 127 ; Fabric. Bibl. Gracc. vol. vi. writings yet remain, two are mathematicians who
p. 350. )
(C. P. M. ] are often confounded together. The first is Theon
THEO'LYTUS (ÓAUTOS), of Methymna, in the elder, of Smyrna, best known as an arithme-
Lesbos, an epic poet of an unknown, but certainly tician, who lived in the time of Hadrian. The
not an early period, who is mentioned once by the second is Theon the younger, of Alexandria, the
Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius, and twice hy father of HYPATIA, best known as an astronomer
Athenaens. The latter author, in one passage and geometer, who lived in the time of Theodosius
(vii. p. 296, a b. ) quotes three lines from his Baxthe elder. Both were heathens, a fact which the
Xixà čan, that is, an epic poem on the adventures date of the second makes it desirable to state ; and
of Dionysus, to whose contest with the sea-god each held the Platonism of his period. The confusion
Glaucus, his rival in the love of Ariadne, the lines would probably be avoided, if they were named
quoted by Athenaeus refer. The other reference after their leaders in science: they would then be
to Theolytus is a quotation from him, &v DEUTÉPY called Theon the Pythagorean, and Theon the
Npw (Ath. xi. p. 470, c. ), not 'Opwv, as the read- Ptolemaist.
ing was before Schweighäuser, who shows that The date of “Theon of Smyrna the philosopher,"
here, and in other references to similar works, the to quote in full the account which Suidas gives of
genitive is not that of úpa, but of ūpos, a word of him, depends upon the assumption (which there
the same meaning as wpa, but used in the plural in seems no reason to dispute) that he is the Theon
the specific sense of Annals. (See Liddell and whom Ptolemy and the younger Theon mention as
Scott, and Seiler and Jacobitz, s. v. ) Another cor- having made astronomical observations in the time
rection made by Schweighäuser in this latter pas- of Hadrian. Theon of Smyma certainly wrote on
sage is the restoration of the true form of the astronomy. On the assumption just made, Ptolemy
poet's name, which Casaubon had altered to €6- has preserved his observations of Mercury and
KAUTOS. (Plehn, Lesbiaca, p. 201. )
[P. S. ) Venus (A. D. 129–133). Bouillaud supposes that
THEO'MEDON (Oeouéoww), a physician who it is Thcon of Smyrna to whom Proclus alludes as
accompanied Eudoxus the astronomer and phy- having written on the genealogies of Solon and
sician in his first visit to Athens, about the year Plato, and Plutarch as having written on the lunar
B. C. 386, and who supported him while he was spots. (See Bouillaud's preface, or the quotations in
attending Plato's lectures in that city. (Diog. Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. p. 35. )
Laërt. viii. 8. $ 86. )
(W. A. G. ] All that we have left is a portion of a work en-
ΤΗ EOMESTOR (Θεομήστωρ), a Samian, εon | titled, Των κατα μαθηματικών χρησίμων εις την
of Androdamas, commanded a vessel in the Persian Toù Diátwvos åváyuwow. The portion which now
fleet at Salamis ( B. C. 480), and for his services in exists is in two books, one on arithmetic, and one
that battle was made tyrant of Samos by Xerxes. on music: there was a third on astronomy, and a
(Herod. viii. 85, ix. 90. )
(E. E. ) fourth Περί της εν κόσμω αρμονίας. The work on
THEOMNASTUS, one of the instruments of arithmetic is of the same character as that of
Verres in his oppression of the Sicilians. (Cic. NicoMACHUS ; and as both these writers name
Verr. ii. 21, 51, iv. 66. )
Thrasyllus, and neither names the other, it may be
THEOMNESTUS (edurnotos), one of the supposed that the two were nearly contemporary.
Greek writers on veterinary surgery, who may The book on music is on the simplest appli-
perhaps have lived in the fourth or fifth century cation of arithmetic. The two books were pub-
after Christ. None of his works remain, but some lished by Bouillaud, from a manuscript in De
fragments are to be found in the collection of Thou's library, Paris, 1644, quarto (Gr. Lat. ). The
writers on veterinary surgery, first published in book on arithmetic has been recently published,
Latin by John Ruellius, 1530, fol. Paris, and after- with Bouillaud's Latin, various readings, and new
wards in Greek by Simon Grynaeus, 1537, 4to. notes, by Professor J. J. de Gelder, Leyden, 1827,
Basil.
(W. A. G. ] 8vo: the preface is the fullest disquisition on
THEOMNESTUS (edurnotos), artists. 1. Theon which exists. We may refer to it for an
A statuary of Sardis, of unknown time, who made account of the bust which was found in Smyrna by
the statue of the Olympic victor Ageles of Chios. Fouquier, with the inscription OENNANAATAN
(Paus. vi. 15. $ 2. ) He may safely be identified IKONDIAOC OʻONOIEPETCOEONTONDATEPA,
with the Theomnestus mentioned by Pliny among now in the museum at Rome. There are scattered
those who made athletas et armatos et venatores notices (for which see De Gelder) by which it
sacrificantesque (H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 34). seems that Theon had written other works: a
2.
A sculptor, the son of Theotimus, flourished manuscript headed Deodoyoúpeva is mentioned as
in Chios, under the early Roman emperors, as we attributed to him, which is probably only the work
learn from a Chian inscription, in which his name known under that name, with an assumed author-
occurs as the maker, in conjunction with Dionysius, ship. Bouillaud mentions an astronomical fragment
the son of Astius, of the monument erected to the which he found ; and also the assertion of Isaac
memory of Claudius Asclepiades, a freedman of the Vossius, made to him, that an astronomical treatise
emperor, by his wife, Claudia Tertulla. (Murator. existed in the Ambrosian library at Milan.
vol. ii. p. mxiv. 11; Boeckh, Corp. Inscr. No. 2241, Of the life of Theon of Alexandria, called the
vol. ii. p. 210 ; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, younger (described by Suidas as d &K TOÙ uovo elou),
pp. 417, 418, 2d ed )
nothing is known except the melancholy history of
3. A painter, contemporary with Apelles. All his daughter Hypatia. We shall now take the
1
3 2 4


## p. 1080 (#1096) ##########################################

1080
THEON.
THEON.
:
THEO
Scholia do Aristophanes w
Bentary on the Odyssey
çested in the Etymolunca
In one of the Scholia on
the genuineness of which,
Drandori, denok ud le. )
te of the commentata!
It is tery possibie, bow
these Cortimentaries o
should be assigned to À
Nab, kor. (Fabric
DEL TI. p. 300, vol.
2. A later gramma
friend of Plutarch, in
las he is often mentio
101 Al xandria
fourished under Au
wrote a Commentar
to Parsilogy, this
εγωής υπόμνημα,
της τεχνων ρητορ
4. Of Anunch,
face of Socrates
various writings to which his name is attached, in commentary on the first and second books (Gr.
order.
Fr. ) in two volumes, quarto, Paris, 1821 and 1822.
1. Scholia on Aratus. Of these there are at least 4. Commentary on the manual tables of Ptolemy,
two sets, the second first printed by Buhle, in his Knowledge of this work is very recent, and as it
edition, as emendatiora. Grotius is of opinion that involves a work of Ptolemy himself which we have
the first are not the work of Theon, but of several not mentioned in its place, a few words of expla-
hands : this he infers from their containing repeti- nation will be necessary. It was long known that
tions and contradictions, which is not a very safe certain unpublished tables (as they were called) of
premise for the conclusion. Kuster (Suidas, s. v. ) | Theon existed in manuscript : and there is in
attributes them, without reason given, rather to Fabricius and others a frequent confusion of these
Theon the sophist. That they are unworthy of tables with the chronological table presently men.
the astronomer, is true enough ; but rejections made tioned. Not but what accurate information might
on such a ground are dangerous things. These have been found. Kuster, speaking of an emend-
scholia were printed in the Aldine edition of ation of Suidas, who attributes to Theon a work
Aratus, in that of Valder's collection (PTOLE-eis toy Nto eualou apóxelpov Kavára, says that
MAEUS, p. 573), in Morell's edition, Paris, 1559, Theon wrote a commentary on the canon of Ptolemy,
4to. , in Fell's, Oxford, 1672, 8vo, and also in which canon existed in manuscript in the Imperial
Buhle's. Halma, in his edition (Gr. Fr. ) Paris, library. Delambre found a manuscript in the Royal
1822, 4to, has given selections, which his critics Library at Paris, which he has described (Hist.
have asserted to be very ill chosen. (Huffinan, Astr. Anc. vol. ii. p. 616) under the head oéwvos
Lexic. Bibliogr. vol. i. p. 233).
'Αλεξανδρέως κάνονες πρόχειροι. Tales manuelles
2. Edition of Euclid. Of the manner in which de Théon Alexandric. This work was afterwards
Theon is asserted to have edited Euclid we have published by Halma, but under the title “ Com-
already said enough. [EUCLEIDES, pp. 68, b, 69, mentaire de Théon . . . sur les tables manuelles as-
b, 70, a. ]
tronomiques de Ptolémée,” in three parts, Paris,
3. Eis Tiv Toû Uroleualov yeyánnu oúvtaţiY 1822, 1823, 1825, 4to. Having only very recently
Únouvnuátwv Biblia sa'. This is the great work of seen this last work, we have only as recently
Theon, the commentary on the Almagest
, addressed known that there is a distinct work of Ptolemy
to his son Epiphanius. But the Almagest has thir- himself, the kávoves apó xeipon. Ptolemy's part
teen books, while Theon's commentary is marked as is addressed to Syrus; Theon's to his son Epi-
having only eleven. The commentary on the third phanius. The contents are, prolegomena, tables of
book has not come down to us with the name of latitude and longitude, and a collection of astrono.
Theon, but with that of Nicolas Cabacillas ; and inical tables, somewhat more extensive than those
those on the tenth and eleventh books are joined in the syntaxis. The prolegomena are separately
together. The commentary on the later books is headed ; one set is given to Ptolemy, another to
obviously mutilated by time ; for a circumstance Theon. But the tables themselves are headed
connected with that on the fifth book, see PAPPUs. | Πτολεμαίου Θέωνος, και Υπατίας πρόχειροι κά.
On this commentary, Delambre (who has given a voves. Dodwell had previously printed a fragment
full account of it, Hist. Astron. Anc. vol. ii. pp. 550 of the prolegomena in his “ Dissertationes Cy.
-616) passes the following judgment : “ Theon prianae," Oxford, 1684, 8vo.
commences by announcing that he will not follow 5. The continuation of the regal canon (PTOLE-
the example of ordinary commentators, who show MAEUS, p. 572] down to his own time is attributed
themselves very learned on passages which offer no to Tbeon. In the manual tables it is carried
difficulty, and are silent upon all which would give down to the fall of the Eastern empire with the
trouble to understand or to explain. He has not heading Stoneualov, Oéwvos, K. T. 1. A very full
always kept this promise ; I have often referred for dissertation on this canon is to be found in an
information, and I have only found Ptolemy's anonymous work“ Observationes in Theonis Fastos
words faithfully copied or slightly modified. It is Graecos priores. " Amsterdam 1735, quarto.
a paraphrase which may give some explanation of The list of works attributed to Theon of Alex-
methods, but which really presents nothing which | andria by Suidas is Μαθηματικά, 'Αριθμητικά, Περί
a little attention would not find in the text, none σημείων και σκοπής ορνέων και της των κοράκων
of those lost traditions, which must then have | φωνής, Περί της του κυνός επιτολής, Περί της του
existed at the Observatory of Alexandria, nothing Νείλου αναβάσεως, Εις τον Πτολεμαίου πρόχειρον
new upon the instruments of the method of using | κανόνα, εις τον μικρόν 'Αστρολάβουν υπόμνημα.
them. Theon seems to know no one but Ptolemy In the last, Fabricius proposes to read ảotpo-
and to have read nothing but the Syntaxis . . . . Abyov, taking the work to be a commentary
This commentary is not what could have been on the collection of minor writers, which went
made then, nor even what could have been made by the name of the lesser Syntaxis. (Fa-
now.
bricius, Halma, Delambre, &c. opp. citt. edit.
We have mentioned in the article PTOLEMAEUS citat. )
(A. De M. )
all the editions of the commentary which accom- THEON (Déwv), literary. 1. A grammarian,
pany those of the text. The only separate edition who taught at Rome in the reigns of Augustus and
(if it be right so to call it) is that of Halma, Tiberius,. and was succeeded by Apion. (Suid. s. v.
forming a continuation of the four volumes already 'ATáv. ) He was the author of a Lexicon to the
mentioned in PTOLEMAEUS. It includes only the Greek comedians (Kwulkai déters), which is quoted
by Hesychius in the Provemium to his Lexicon.
This Aldine edition, Venice, 1499, folio, is (Also, s. v. Ekitalot: see Ruhnken, Praef. ad
not a separate work, but part of what is frequently Hesych. pp. ix. foll. ) It is doubtful whether he
catalogued as Scriptores Astronomici Veteres, con- was the author of the comic lexicon quoted by the
taining Julius Firmicus, Manilius, &c. as well as Scholiast to Apollonius Rhodius (iv. pp. 280, 305).
Aratus.
He is one of the authors from whose works the
5. Azlics Tu
reconcian, wrot
EL TEDA TP
read the text of
твал дату и
en Senopbon,
wrical Theme
respecting the
τις συνταξει
(Suid. s. t;
pata is still
teuse ont
tie professio
kad down
was first pr
tatus, Rom
tert anda
Hasi. 154
Ti press,
with the
1670 or 1
Notes,
1834,87
i. pp. 137
Aelius I
ar
of the e
to the
To vi
Script
6.
Comu
which
500 a
bass
"
7.
and
:


## p. 1081 (#1097) ##########################################

THEON.
108]
THEON.
23
wak
.
a
are not now extant.
58
7. 736
Scholia to Aristophanes were derived. A Com- | the descendant of S. Marcella, and the son and
mentary on the Odyssey by a certain Theon is pupil of Ecdicius. The passage of Damascius,
quoted in the Etymologicum Magnum (s. v. Túedos). quoted by Photius, is to the effect that Theon was
In one of the Scholia on Aristophanes (Nub. 397), naturally somewhat ohtuse, but so fond of learning
the genuineness of which, however, is doubtful (see and so laborious was he, that he acquired the most
Dindorf, Annot. cul loc. ), Theon is mentioned as perfect knowledge of the ancient poets and orators,
one of the commentators on Apollonius Rhodius. and the most thorough technical acquaintance with
It is very possible, however, that one or both of the art of both ; but he was nerer able, though
these Commentaries on Homer and Apollonius, very desirous, to reduce his knowledge to practice,
should be assigned to Aelius Theon, of Alexandria, and to write either poems or orations. His only
No. 5, below. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol i. p. 525, work known to Suidas was a Treatise on Rhetoric,
vol. ii. p. 500, vol. vi. p. 380. )
τέχνη ρητορική.
2. A later grammarian, the contemporary and A list of some other persons of this name is
friend of Plutarch, in whose Quaestiones Convivia- given by Fabricius. (Bibl. Gracc. vol. vi. pp. 98,
les he is often mentioned.
99).
[P. S. )
3. Of Alexandria, a Stoic philosopher, who THEON (wv), the name of three phy-
flourished under Augustus, later than Areios, and sicians: - 1. A native of Alexandria (Galen,
wrote a Commentary on Apollodorus's Introduction De San.