Here he remained
different
ways, but most commonly as voracious
till the death of Leo the Armenian (A.
till the death of Leo the Armenian (A.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
xv.
c.
17).
When the iconoclastic party,
STRYMON (Etpuướv), a son of Oceanus and under the patronage of Leo V. the Armenian, re-
Tethys, was a river god of Thrace, and is called a gained the ascendancy, Joseph was among the
king of Thrace. (Hes. Theog. 339; Conon, Nurr. champions and sufferers in the cause of images.
4; Anton. Lib. 21. ). By Euterpe or Calliope, he He was confined in an island, apparently one of
became the father of Rhesus (Apollod. i. 3. $ 4; those in the Propontis, in one of which he had
Eurip. Rhes. 317), and by Neaera of Euadne. been before confined in A. D. 809 (Theodor. Studit.
(Apollod. ii. 1. & 2. )
[L. S. ] Epistola, apud Baron. Annales, ad ann. 815. xi.
STUDITA (JOSEPHUS). Under the article 816. xliv. &c. ). It is mentioned in the life of
JOSEPHUS we gave references to this article from St. Nicetas, the Bithynian confessor, that Joseph
the following Josephi : - No. 5, CONFESSOR ; attended at his funeral, which may be fixed in
No. 14, of SICILY; No. 15, STUDITA ; and No. A. D. 824 (Acta Sanctor. April, vol. i. pp. 253, 265,
16, of ThessALONICA. We were led to do this and Appendit, p. xxxii. ). Nothing seems to be
by the authority of Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. known of him after this, unless we accept as true
p. 79), who has confounded Josephus, the brother the statement of the Menologium Basilianum (l. c. ),
of Theodorus Studita, with Josephus Siculus. On that he was imprisoned by the emperor Theophilus
further examination we have found that they for refusing to renounce the adoration of images,
were distinct persons, and therefore give them here and died in prison. But the statement is rendered
distinctly.
doubtful by the addition that, at the time when he
1. JOSEPHUS STUDITA (i. e. monk of the was put in prison, his brother Theodore was ba-
conrent of Studium, TW Stovdiov, at Con- nished : for Theodore died in A. D. 826, three years
stantinople), brother of Theodore Studita is before the accession of Theophilus ; so that the
further known by the titles of Joseph the Con. account is, at any rate, inaccurate ; and whether
FESSOR (ó óuo oyntos ’Iwono) and Joseph of there is any truth in it can hardly be now ascer-
Thessa LONICA. His parents, Photinus and Theoc- tained. It is not certain that Joseph lived to the
tista, appear to have been resident at or near Con- accession of the emperor. He was dead before,
stantinople : and Joseph and his brother Theodore and apparently long before 844, in which year the
were monks in the convent of Studium (Anonym. relics of Theodore Studita were transferred with
De Monasterio Studii, apud Pagi, Critice in Ba- great pomp to the church of the Precursor (sc. John
ronii Annales, ad ann. 814, c. xvi. ), of which the Baptist), in the monastery of Studium, where
Theodore was afterwards abbot, and which was those of Joseph were already reposing (Vita S.
then eminent for the reputed sanctity of its in- | Nicolai Studitac, apud Acta Sanctorum Februar.
mates. In a eulogistic notice of Joseph in the vol. i. p. 547). There are some writings of Joseph
Menologium Basilianum (pars iii. p. 167, fol. / extant. Baronius has given (Annal, ad ann. 808,
6. )
e
## p. 929 (#945) ############################################
STUDITA.
929
STYMPHALUS.
;
xviii. xix. ) a Latin version of an Epistola ad Si- of him in some MS. of the Greek Synaxuria, by
meonem Áfonachum, or probably of a part of it ; which interpolations the emperor Leo the Armenian
and Gretserus, in his collection De Cruce, has (Leo V. ), in whose reign Joseph attempted to go
given, with a Latin version and notes, nóyos els to Rome, has been confounded with Leo the Jeau-
Tov díjlov kal GWOTOLÓv otaupòv toù ouoroyntoù rian (Lro III. ), who reigned nearly a century
a
'Iwono dp XieniOKÓTOU Oedoadovikas, Oratio in before. Joseph is chiefly celebrated as a writer of
venerandam et vivificam Crucem Confessoris Jo-Canones or llymni, of which several are extant in
sephi Archiepiscopi Thessalonicensis (Gretser. Operu, MS. ; but there is soine difficulty in distinguish.
vol. ii. p. 85, &c. , fol. Ratisbon, 1734). Joseph of ing his compositions from those of Joseph of Thes-
Thessalonica appears to have written several Ca- salonica (No. 1). His Canones in omnia Beatac
nones or hymns, but it is not easy to distinguish Virginis Mariae fesla, and his Theotocia, hymns in
these from the Canones of the other Joseph men- honour of the Virgin, scattered through the eccle-
tioned below (No. 2). (Acta Sanctorum, Aprilis, sinstical books of the Greeks, were published,
rol. i. p. 268, Julii, vol. iii. p. 710; Lambec. Com- with a learned commentary, and a life of Joseph,
.
monturius de Biblioth. Caesaraca, vol. v. col. 564, translated from the Greek of Joannes or John the
576, 721, ed. Kollar ; Oudin, De Scriptoribus Deacon, by Ippolito Maracci, under the title of
Ecclcs. vol. ii. col. 24, &c. ; Le Quien, Oriens Mariale S. Josephi lymnographi, 8vo. Rome, 166).
Christianus, vol. ii. col. 43, &c. ; Cave, list. Lite. The version of the life of Joseph was by Luigi
ad ann. 808, vol. ii. p. 6, ed. Oxford, 1740–1743 ; Maracci of Lucca, the brother of Ippolito. An-
Fabric. Biblioth. Graec. vol. x. p. 248, vol. xi. p. 79. ) Other Latin version of the same life but less exact,
2. Josephus HYMNOGRAPHUS (ó “Tuvoypd by the Jesuit Floritus, was published among
pos), or Melodus, or CANONUM SCRIPTOR (ó the Vitae Sanctorum Siculorum of Octavius Caje-
Toints TW Kavóvwv), or of Sicily. This Jo- tanus (Ottavio Gaetano), vol. ii. p. 43, fol. Palermo
sephus lived a little later than the preceding. He 1657, and reprinted in the Acta Sanctorum (vid.
was a Sicilian by birth, the son of Plotinus or infra).
Plutinus (TIA Outivos), and Agatha, persons ap- Some writers have supposed that there was a
parently of some property, and of eminent piety. third Joseph, a writer of hymns, mentioned in the
They were compelled, in consequence of the ra- title of a MS. Typicon at Rome, as of the Monas-
vages of the Saracens in Sicily, to flee into the tery of St. Nicolaus Casularum (TWV KADOÚAwv):
Peloponnesus ; and Joseph, fearing lest their but there seems reason to think that this Joseph
altered circumstances would interfere with his
was the subject of the present article ; and that
desire of leading a monastic life, left them, and, the Monastery of St. Nicolaus was the one built
. while yet a lad, repaired to Thessalonica, and by him, adjacent to the deserted Church of St. John
became an inmate of the convent of Latomus, Chrysostom. (Vita S. Josephi Hymnographi, in the
where he became eminent for his ascetic practices Acta Sanctorum, Aprilis, a. d. iii. vol. I. p. 269, &c. ,
and for the fluency and gracefulness of his utter with the Commentarius Praevius of Papebroche,
" so that he easily,” says his biographer, and Appendit, p. xxxiv. ; Fabricius, Biblioth. Graec.
“ threw the fabled sirens into the shade. " Having vol. xi. p. 79, Menologiuin Graecorum, jussu Basilii
been ordained presbyter, he accompanied to Con Imperatoris editum, a. d. iii. Aprilis, fol. Urbino,
stantinople Gregory of Decapolis, who there became 1727.
[J. C. M. ]
one of the leaders of the “ orthodox” party, in STYMPHA’LIDES (Etou anldes), the cele-
their struggle with the iconoclastic emperor, Leo brated rapacious birds near the Stymphalian lake
the Armenian, which began in A. D. 814. From in Arcadia, whence they were driven by Heracles
Constantinople Joseph repaired, at the desire of and compelled to take refuge in the island of Are-
this Gregory, to Rome, to solicit the support of the tias in the Euxine, where they were afterwards
pope ; but falling into the hands of pirates, was found by the Argonauts. They are described in
by them carried away to Crete.
Here he remained different ways, but most commonly as voracious
till the death of Leo the Armenian (A. D. 820), birds of prey, which attacked even men, and which
when he was, as his biographer asserts, miracu- were armed with brazen wings, from which they
lously delivered, and conveyed to Constantinople. could shoot out their feathers like arrows. (Apollod.
On his return he found his friend and leader, Gre- ii. 5. $2; Paus. viii. 22. $ 4; Hygin. Fab. 30;
gory, dead, and attached himself to another leader, Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1053. ) They are said
John, on whose death he procured that his body to have been brought up by Ares. (Serv. ad Aen.
and that of Gregory should be transferred to the viii. 300. ) According to Mnaseas (ap. Schol. ad
deserted church of St. John Chrysostom, in con- Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1054), they were not birds, but
nection with which he established a monastery, women and daughters of Stymphalus and Omis,
that was soon, by the attractiveness of his elo and were killed by Heracles because they did not
quence, filled with inmates. After this he was, receive him hospitably. In the temple of the
for his strenuous defence of image worship, banished Stymphalian Artemis, however, they were repre-
to Chersonae, apparently by the emperor Theophi- sented as birds, and behind the temple there were
lus, who reigned from A. D. 829 to 842: but, on white marble statues of maidens with birds' feet.
the death of the emperor, was recalled from exile (Paus. viii. 22. & 5. )
(L. S. ]
by the empress Theodora, and obtained, through STYYMPHALUS (ETúupalos). 1. A son of
the favour of the patriarch Ignatius, the office of Lycaon. (Apollod. ii. 8. $ 1. )
scenophylax, or keeper of the sacred vessels in the 2. A son of Elatus and Laodice, a grandson of
great church of Constantinople. Joreph was Arcas, and father of Parthenope, Agamedes, and
equally acceptable to Ignatius and to his compe- Gortys. (Apollod. ii. 7. $ 8, iii. 9. § 1; Paus. viji.
titor and successor Photius [IGNATIUS, No. 3 ; 4. $ 3, 22. $ 1. ) Pelops, who was unable to con-
Photius, No. 3). He died at an advanced age, quer him in war, murdered him by stratagem, and
in A. D. 883. The chronology of his life has been cut his body in pieces. For this crime Greece was
much perplexed by the interpolation of the notices I visited with a famine, which however was averted
30
ance ;
VOL. III.
## p. 930 (#946) ############################################
930
SUETIUS.
SUETONIUS.
p. 243. )
by the prayer of Aeacus. (Apollod. iii. 12. Verres, when he was accused by Cicero. (Cic.
§ 6. )
(L. S. ) Verr. i. 5, ii. 12, v. 47. )
STYPAX or STIPAX, of Cyprus, a statuary, SUETONIUS LENIS. [SUETONIUS TRAN-
to whom Pliny ascribes the execution of a cele- QUILLUS)
brated statue called Splanchnoptes, because it SUETONIUS OPTATIANUS, wrote the
represented a person roasting the entrails of the life of the emperor Tacitus. (Vopisc. Tac. 11. )
victim at a sacrifice, and blowing the fire with his SUETONIUS PAULI'NUS. [PAULINUS. )
breath. (H. N. xxxiv. 8. 19. 8. 21. ) According C. SUETOʻNIUS TRANQUILLUS. The
to Pliny, the person represented was a slave of little that is known of Suetonius is derived from
Pericles, evidently the same as the one of whom his lives of the Caesars and the letters of his friend,
he elsewhere relates the story, that he fell from the younger Plinius.
the summit of the Parthenon, but was henled by He states that he was a young man (adolescens)
the virtue of a herb which Minerva showed to twenty years after the death of Nero (Nero, c.
Pericles in a dream (H. N. xxii. 17. 6. 20), a story | 57. ), and Nero died A. D. 68. Accordingly he
which Plutarch tells of the architect MNESICLES. may have been born a few years after Nero's death.
Among the recent discoveries on the Acropolis, In his life of Domitian (c. 12) he speaks of being
fragments have been found which Ross supposes to present at a certain affair, as adolescentulus. It
have belonged to the base of the Splanchnoptes, appears from various passages in his work that he
and he has put forth the conjecture that the name might have received oral information about the
Stipax in Pliny is only a corruption of STRABAX ; emperors who lived before he was born, at least
but these matters are too doubtful and intricate to Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. His
be discussed here. (Ross, in the Kunstblatt, 1840, father Suetonius Lenis (Olho, c. 10), a tribune of
No. 37, and in Gerhard's Archäol. Zeitung, 1844, the thirteenth legion, was in the battle of Bebria-
[P. S. ] cum or Bedriacum, in which Otho was defeated
STYX (tú), connected with the verb otuyéw, by Vitellius. The words Lenis and Tranquillus
to hate or abhor, is the name of the principal river have the same meaning ; but there may be some
in the nether world, around which it flows seven doubt about the reading Lenis, in the passage in
times. (Hom. I. ii. 755, viii. 369, xiv. 271; Virg. the life of Otho. In the collection of the letters
Georg. iv. 480, Aen. vi. 439. ) Styx is described of the younger Plinius there are several to Sueto-
as a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys (Hes. Theog. nius Tranquillus, from one of which (i. 18) it ap-
361; Apollod. i. 2. $2; Callim. Hymn. in Jov. 36), pears that Suetonius was then a young man and
and as a nymph she dwelt at the entrance of entering on the career of an advocate. In another
Hades, in a lofty grotto which was supported by letter (i. 24) he speaks of his friend Tranquillus .
silver columns. (Hes. Theog. 778. ) As a river wishing to buy a snall estate, such as suited a
Styx is described as a branch of Oceanus, flowing man of studious habits, enough to amuse him,
from its tenth source (789), and the river Cocytus without occupying him too much. Suetonius does
again is a branch of the Styx. (Hom. Od. x. 511. ) not appear to have been desirous of public employ-
By Pallas Styx became the mother of Zelus (zeal), ment, for he requested Plinius to transfer to a
Nice (victory), Bia (strength), and Cratos (power). relation, Caesennius Silvanus, a tribuneship, which
She was the first of all the immortals that took Plinius had obtained for Suetonius (iii. 8). In a
her children to Zeus, to assist him against the letter of uncertain date (v. 11) Plinius urges Sue-
Titans; and, in return for this, her children were tonius to publish his works (scripta), but without
allowed for ever to live with Zeus, and Styx her-giving any intimation what the works were ; Pli-
self became the divinity by whom the most solemn nius says that he had already recommended the
oaths were sworn. (Hes. Theog. 383; Hom. Od. works of Suetonius in some hendecasyllabic verses,
v. 185, xv. 37 ; Apollod. i. 2. § 5; Apollon. Rhod. and jocularly expresses his danger of being called
ii. 191'; Virg. Aen. vi. 324, xii. 816; Ov. Met. iii. on to produce them by legal process (ne cogantur
290 ; Sil. Ital. xiii. 568. ) When one of the gods ad exhibendum formulam accipere). In a letter
was to take an oath by Styx, Iris fetched a cup to Trajanus (x. 95) Plinius commends to the em-
full of water from the Styx, and the god, while peror the integrity and learning of Suetonius, who
taking the oath, poured out the water. (Hes. Theog had become his intimate friend, and he says that
775. ) Zeus became by her the father of Per- he liked him the better, the more he knew him :
sephone (Apollod. i. 3. $ 1), and Peiras the father he requested the emperor to grant Suetonius the
of Echidna. (Paus. viii.
STRYMON (Etpuướv), a son of Oceanus and under the patronage of Leo V. the Armenian, re-
Tethys, was a river god of Thrace, and is called a gained the ascendancy, Joseph was among the
king of Thrace. (Hes. Theog. 339; Conon, Nurr. champions and sufferers in the cause of images.
4; Anton. Lib. 21. ). By Euterpe or Calliope, he He was confined in an island, apparently one of
became the father of Rhesus (Apollod. i. 3. $ 4; those in the Propontis, in one of which he had
Eurip. Rhes. 317), and by Neaera of Euadne. been before confined in A. D. 809 (Theodor. Studit.
(Apollod. ii. 1. & 2. )
[L. S. ] Epistola, apud Baron. Annales, ad ann. 815. xi.
STUDITA (JOSEPHUS). Under the article 816. xliv. &c. ). It is mentioned in the life of
JOSEPHUS we gave references to this article from St. Nicetas, the Bithynian confessor, that Joseph
the following Josephi : - No. 5, CONFESSOR ; attended at his funeral, which may be fixed in
No. 14, of SICILY; No. 15, STUDITA ; and No. A. D. 824 (Acta Sanctor. April, vol. i. pp. 253, 265,
16, of ThessALONICA. We were led to do this and Appendit, p. xxxii. ). Nothing seems to be
by the authority of Fabricius (Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. known of him after this, unless we accept as true
p. 79), who has confounded Josephus, the brother the statement of the Menologium Basilianum (l. c. ),
of Theodorus Studita, with Josephus Siculus. On that he was imprisoned by the emperor Theophilus
further examination we have found that they for refusing to renounce the adoration of images,
were distinct persons, and therefore give them here and died in prison. But the statement is rendered
distinctly.
doubtful by the addition that, at the time when he
1. JOSEPHUS STUDITA (i. e. monk of the was put in prison, his brother Theodore was ba-
conrent of Studium, TW Stovdiov, at Con- nished : for Theodore died in A. D. 826, three years
stantinople), brother of Theodore Studita is before the accession of Theophilus ; so that the
further known by the titles of Joseph the Con. account is, at any rate, inaccurate ; and whether
FESSOR (ó óuo oyntos ’Iwono) and Joseph of there is any truth in it can hardly be now ascer-
Thessa LONICA. His parents, Photinus and Theoc- tained. It is not certain that Joseph lived to the
tista, appear to have been resident at or near Con- accession of the emperor. He was dead before,
stantinople : and Joseph and his brother Theodore and apparently long before 844, in which year the
were monks in the convent of Studium (Anonym. relics of Theodore Studita were transferred with
De Monasterio Studii, apud Pagi, Critice in Ba- great pomp to the church of the Precursor (sc. John
ronii Annales, ad ann. 814, c. xvi. ), of which the Baptist), in the monastery of Studium, where
Theodore was afterwards abbot, and which was those of Joseph were already reposing (Vita S.
then eminent for the reputed sanctity of its in- | Nicolai Studitac, apud Acta Sanctorum Februar.
mates. In a eulogistic notice of Joseph in the vol. i. p. 547). There are some writings of Joseph
Menologium Basilianum (pars iii. p. 167, fol. / extant. Baronius has given (Annal, ad ann. 808,
6. )
e
## p. 929 (#945) ############################################
STUDITA.
929
STYMPHALUS.
;
xviii. xix. ) a Latin version of an Epistola ad Si- of him in some MS. of the Greek Synaxuria, by
meonem Áfonachum, or probably of a part of it ; which interpolations the emperor Leo the Armenian
and Gretserus, in his collection De Cruce, has (Leo V. ), in whose reign Joseph attempted to go
given, with a Latin version and notes, nóyos els to Rome, has been confounded with Leo the Jeau-
Tov díjlov kal GWOTOLÓv otaupòv toù ouoroyntoù rian (Lro III. ), who reigned nearly a century
a
'Iwono dp XieniOKÓTOU Oedoadovikas, Oratio in before. Joseph is chiefly celebrated as a writer of
venerandam et vivificam Crucem Confessoris Jo-Canones or llymni, of which several are extant in
sephi Archiepiscopi Thessalonicensis (Gretser. Operu, MS. ; but there is soine difficulty in distinguish.
vol. ii. p. 85, &c. , fol. Ratisbon, 1734). Joseph of ing his compositions from those of Joseph of Thes-
Thessalonica appears to have written several Ca- salonica (No. 1). His Canones in omnia Beatac
nones or hymns, but it is not easy to distinguish Virginis Mariae fesla, and his Theotocia, hymns in
these from the Canones of the other Joseph men- honour of the Virgin, scattered through the eccle-
tioned below (No. 2). (Acta Sanctorum, Aprilis, sinstical books of the Greeks, were published,
rol. i. p. 268, Julii, vol. iii. p. 710; Lambec. Com- with a learned commentary, and a life of Joseph,
.
monturius de Biblioth. Caesaraca, vol. v. col. 564, translated from the Greek of Joannes or John the
576, 721, ed. Kollar ; Oudin, De Scriptoribus Deacon, by Ippolito Maracci, under the title of
Ecclcs. vol. ii. col. 24, &c. ; Le Quien, Oriens Mariale S. Josephi lymnographi, 8vo. Rome, 166).
Christianus, vol. ii. col. 43, &c. ; Cave, list. Lite. The version of the life of Joseph was by Luigi
ad ann. 808, vol. ii. p. 6, ed. Oxford, 1740–1743 ; Maracci of Lucca, the brother of Ippolito. An-
Fabric. Biblioth. Graec. vol. x. p. 248, vol. xi. p. 79. ) Other Latin version of the same life but less exact,
2. Josephus HYMNOGRAPHUS (ó “Tuvoypd by the Jesuit Floritus, was published among
pos), or Melodus, or CANONUM SCRIPTOR (ó the Vitae Sanctorum Siculorum of Octavius Caje-
Toints TW Kavóvwv), or of Sicily. This Jo- tanus (Ottavio Gaetano), vol. ii. p. 43, fol. Palermo
sephus lived a little later than the preceding. He 1657, and reprinted in the Acta Sanctorum (vid.
was a Sicilian by birth, the son of Plotinus or infra).
Plutinus (TIA Outivos), and Agatha, persons ap- Some writers have supposed that there was a
parently of some property, and of eminent piety. third Joseph, a writer of hymns, mentioned in the
They were compelled, in consequence of the ra- title of a MS. Typicon at Rome, as of the Monas-
vages of the Saracens in Sicily, to flee into the tery of St. Nicolaus Casularum (TWV KADOÚAwv):
Peloponnesus ; and Joseph, fearing lest their but there seems reason to think that this Joseph
altered circumstances would interfere with his
was the subject of the present article ; and that
desire of leading a monastic life, left them, and, the Monastery of St. Nicolaus was the one built
. while yet a lad, repaired to Thessalonica, and by him, adjacent to the deserted Church of St. John
became an inmate of the convent of Latomus, Chrysostom. (Vita S. Josephi Hymnographi, in the
where he became eminent for his ascetic practices Acta Sanctorum, Aprilis, a. d. iii. vol. I. p. 269, &c. ,
and for the fluency and gracefulness of his utter with the Commentarius Praevius of Papebroche,
" so that he easily,” says his biographer, and Appendit, p. xxxiv. ; Fabricius, Biblioth. Graec.
“ threw the fabled sirens into the shade. " Having vol. xi. p. 79, Menologiuin Graecorum, jussu Basilii
been ordained presbyter, he accompanied to Con Imperatoris editum, a. d. iii. Aprilis, fol. Urbino,
stantinople Gregory of Decapolis, who there became 1727.
[J. C. M. ]
one of the leaders of the “ orthodox” party, in STYMPHA’LIDES (Etou anldes), the cele-
their struggle with the iconoclastic emperor, Leo brated rapacious birds near the Stymphalian lake
the Armenian, which began in A. D. 814. From in Arcadia, whence they were driven by Heracles
Constantinople Joseph repaired, at the desire of and compelled to take refuge in the island of Are-
this Gregory, to Rome, to solicit the support of the tias in the Euxine, where they were afterwards
pope ; but falling into the hands of pirates, was found by the Argonauts. They are described in
by them carried away to Crete.
Here he remained different ways, but most commonly as voracious
till the death of Leo the Armenian (A. D. 820), birds of prey, which attacked even men, and which
when he was, as his biographer asserts, miracu- were armed with brazen wings, from which they
lously delivered, and conveyed to Constantinople. could shoot out their feathers like arrows. (Apollod.
On his return he found his friend and leader, Gre- ii. 5. $2; Paus. viii. 22. $ 4; Hygin. Fab. 30;
gory, dead, and attached himself to another leader, Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1053. ) They are said
John, on whose death he procured that his body to have been brought up by Ares. (Serv. ad Aen.
and that of Gregory should be transferred to the viii. 300. ) According to Mnaseas (ap. Schol. ad
deserted church of St. John Chrysostom, in con- Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1054), they were not birds, but
nection with which he established a monastery, women and daughters of Stymphalus and Omis,
that was soon, by the attractiveness of his elo and were killed by Heracles because they did not
quence, filled with inmates. After this he was, receive him hospitably. In the temple of the
for his strenuous defence of image worship, banished Stymphalian Artemis, however, they were repre-
to Chersonae, apparently by the emperor Theophi- sented as birds, and behind the temple there were
lus, who reigned from A. D. 829 to 842: but, on white marble statues of maidens with birds' feet.
the death of the emperor, was recalled from exile (Paus. viii. 22. & 5. )
(L. S. ]
by the empress Theodora, and obtained, through STYYMPHALUS (ETúupalos). 1. A son of
the favour of the patriarch Ignatius, the office of Lycaon. (Apollod. ii. 8. $ 1. )
scenophylax, or keeper of the sacred vessels in the 2. A son of Elatus and Laodice, a grandson of
great church of Constantinople. Joreph was Arcas, and father of Parthenope, Agamedes, and
equally acceptable to Ignatius and to his compe- Gortys. (Apollod. ii. 7. $ 8, iii. 9. § 1; Paus. viji.
titor and successor Photius [IGNATIUS, No. 3 ; 4. $ 3, 22. $ 1. ) Pelops, who was unable to con-
Photius, No. 3). He died at an advanced age, quer him in war, murdered him by stratagem, and
in A. D. 883. The chronology of his life has been cut his body in pieces. For this crime Greece was
much perplexed by the interpolation of the notices I visited with a famine, which however was averted
30
ance ;
VOL. III.
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SUETIUS.
SUETONIUS.
p. 243. )
by the prayer of Aeacus. (Apollod. iii. 12. Verres, when he was accused by Cicero. (Cic.
§ 6. )
(L. S. ) Verr. i. 5, ii. 12, v. 47. )
STYPAX or STIPAX, of Cyprus, a statuary, SUETONIUS LENIS. [SUETONIUS TRAN-
to whom Pliny ascribes the execution of a cele- QUILLUS)
brated statue called Splanchnoptes, because it SUETONIUS OPTATIANUS, wrote the
represented a person roasting the entrails of the life of the emperor Tacitus. (Vopisc. Tac. 11. )
victim at a sacrifice, and blowing the fire with his SUETONIUS PAULI'NUS. [PAULINUS. )
breath. (H. N. xxxiv. 8. 19. 8. 21. ) According C. SUETOʻNIUS TRANQUILLUS. The
to Pliny, the person represented was a slave of little that is known of Suetonius is derived from
Pericles, evidently the same as the one of whom his lives of the Caesars and the letters of his friend,
he elsewhere relates the story, that he fell from the younger Plinius.
the summit of the Parthenon, but was henled by He states that he was a young man (adolescens)
the virtue of a herb which Minerva showed to twenty years after the death of Nero (Nero, c.
Pericles in a dream (H. N. xxii. 17. 6. 20), a story | 57. ), and Nero died A. D. 68. Accordingly he
which Plutarch tells of the architect MNESICLES. may have been born a few years after Nero's death.
Among the recent discoveries on the Acropolis, In his life of Domitian (c. 12) he speaks of being
fragments have been found which Ross supposes to present at a certain affair, as adolescentulus. It
have belonged to the base of the Splanchnoptes, appears from various passages in his work that he
and he has put forth the conjecture that the name might have received oral information about the
Stipax in Pliny is only a corruption of STRABAX ; emperors who lived before he was born, at least
but these matters are too doubtful and intricate to Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. His
be discussed here. (Ross, in the Kunstblatt, 1840, father Suetonius Lenis (Olho, c. 10), a tribune of
No. 37, and in Gerhard's Archäol. Zeitung, 1844, the thirteenth legion, was in the battle of Bebria-
[P. S. ] cum or Bedriacum, in which Otho was defeated
STYX (tú), connected with the verb otuyéw, by Vitellius. The words Lenis and Tranquillus
to hate or abhor, is the name of the principal river have the same meaning ; but there may be some
in the nether world, around which it flows seven doubt about the reading Lenis, in the passage in
times. (Hom. I. ii. 755, viii. 369, xiv. 271; Virg. the life of Otho. In the collection of the letters
Georg. iv. 480, Aen. vi. 439. ) Styx is described of the younger Plinius there are several to Sueto-
as a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys (Hes. Theog. nius Tranquillus, from one of which (i. 18) it ap-
361; Apollod. i. 2. $2; Callim. Hymn. in Jov. 36), pears that Suetonius was then a young man and
and as a nymph she dwelt at the entrance of entering on the career of an advocate. In another
Hades, in a lofty grotto which was supported by letter (i. 24) he speaks of his friend Tranquillus .
silver columns. (Hes. Theog. 778. ) As a river wishing to buy a snall estate, such as suited a
Styx is described as a branch of Oceanus, flowing man of studious habits, enough to amuse him,
from its tenth source (789), and the river Cocytus without occupying him too much. Suetonius does
again is a branch of the Styx. (Hom. Od. x. 511. ) not appear to have been desirous of public employ-
By Pallas Styx became the mother of Zelus (zeal), ment, for he requested Plinius to transfer to a
Nice (victory), Bia (strength), and Cratos (power). relation, Caesennius Silvanus, a tribuneship, which
She was the first of all the immortals that took Plinius had obtained for Suetonius (iii. 8). In a
her children to Zeus, to assist him against the letter of uncertain date (v. 11) Plinius urges Sue-
Titans; and, in return for this, her children were tonius to publish his works (scripta), but without
allowed for ever to live with Zeus, and Styx her-giving any intimation what the works were ; Pli-
self became the divinity by whom the most solemn nius says that he had already recommended the
oaths were sworn. (Hes. Theog. 383; Hom. Od. works of Suetonius in some hendecasyllabic verses,
v. 185, xv. 37 ; Apollod. i. 2. § 5; Apollon. Rhod. and jocularly expresses his danger of being called
ii. 191'; Virg. Aen. vi. 324, xii. 816; Ov. Met. iii. on to produce them by legal process (ne cogantur
290 ; Sil. Ital. xiii. 568. ) When one of the gods ad exhibendum formulam accipere). In a letter
was to take an oath by Styx, Iris fetched a cup to Trajanus (x. 95) Plinius commends to the em-
full of water from the Styx, and the god, while peror the integrity and learning of Suetonius, who
taking the oath, poured out the water. (Hes. Theog had become his intimate friend, and he says that
775. ) Zeus became by her the father of Per- he liked him the better, the more he knew him :
sephone (Apollod. i. 3. $ 1), and Peiras the father he requested the emperor to grant Suetonius the
of Echidna. (Paus. viii.
