His published volumes include "Lays of Mel-
pomene) (1824); "Cities of the Plain (1828);
Poems and Prose Writings) (1840).
pomene) (1824); "Cities of the Plain (1828);
Poems and Prose Writings) (1840).
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
; in 1893
was elected to Congress. Mr. Everett has pub-
lished (On the Cam) (1865) ; (Changing Base)
(1868) and Double Play) (1870), two books
for boys; a poem, (Hesione, or Europe Un-
chained? (1869); "School Sermons) (1881);
together with many pamphlets on political, lit-
erary, and religious subjects.
Ewald, Georg Heinrich August (ā'vält). A
German Biblical scholar and interpreter of
Hebrew literature; born Göttingen, Nov.
16, 1803; died there, May 4, 1875. He studied
profoundly Arabic, Hebrew, and other Oriental
languages and literatures. His works include:
(The Metres of Arab Songs) (1825); (Critical
1
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176
EWALD-EYTH
Yorkshire, 1841 ; died at Bath, May 13, 1885.
Her stories for children long enjoyed a uni-
versal popularity. They comprise "Daddy Dar-
win's Dovecot); (Dandelion Clocks and Other
Tales); A Flat-Iron for a Farthing'; A
Great Emergency and Other Tales); Jack-
anapes); Jan of the Windmill); and many
more.
Grammar of the Hebrew Language) (1827);
(Hebrew Manual for Beginners) (1842); and
(Critical Grammar of the Arabic Tongue)
(1831-33). His great fame, however, rests upon
his History of the People of Israel, of which
a third edition appeared 1864-68, and which was
succeeded by many works of importance.
Ewald, Herman Frederik. A Danish nov-
elist; born at Copenhagen, Dec. 13, 1821. The
most noteworthy of his novels are: (Valdemar
Krone: Story of his Youth) (1860), a tale of
high life; (The Nordby Family) ( 1862 ) ;
(Johannes Falk) (1865); "Charles Lyng,' a fine
character-study. He also wrote several histor-
ical novels popular both in the original and
in German translations : (The Swedes at Kron-
borg) (1867); Anna Hardenberg' ( 1880 );
(Clara Bille) (1892).
Ewald, Johannes. The foremost of Danish
lyric poets; born at Copenhagen, Nov. 18, 1743;
died March 17, 1781. When a boy he ran away
to the army, and was in several battles of the
Seven Years' War; returning, studied for the
Lutheran ministry; then gave himself to study-
ing poetry and drama. He produced (The
Temple of Fortune (1764); the Dirge-Cantata
on the Death of Frederic V. (1766); the drama
(Adam and Eve) ( 1765, remodeled 1769), with
fine lyric interludes. His finest plays are
(Balder's Death) (1773) and The Fishers)
(1778). In the latter occurs the lyric “King
Christian stood by the lofty mast,” which is
now the Danish national song, ( The Brutal
Clacqueurs) (1771) and (Harlequin the Patriot)
(1772) were successful farces. He left a nota-
ble autobiography, ‘J. Ewald's Life and Opin-
ions. *
Ewbank, Thomas. An American scientist
and writer; born in Durham County, England,
March 11, 1792 ; died in New York, Sept. 16,
1870. In 1836 he retired from commercial life
for literary and scientific work. His publica-
tions include: (The World a Workshop, or the
Physical Relation of Man to the Earth' (1855);
(Life in Brazil, with an appendix on a collec-
tion of American antiquities (1857); ( Thoughts
on Matter and Force) (1858); (Reminiscences
in the Patent Office (1859); and Inorganic
Forces ordained to Supersede Human Slavery,'
an essay.
Ewen, John. A Scotch song-writer; born
in Montrose, 1741; died near Aberdeen, Oct.
21, 1821. «() weel may the boatie row" is a
lay that has given him celebrity.
Ewing, Hugh Boyle. An American prose-
writer; born in Lancaster, O. , Oct. 31, 1826;
received his education at West Point, and
served during the Civil War. From 1866 to 1870
he was minister to Holland. He is author of
(The Grand Ladron, a Tale of Early Califor-
nia, and (A Castle in the Air) (1887).
Ewing, Juliana Horatia. An English story-
writer and poet; born (Gatty) at Ecclesfield,
Expilly, Jean Charles Marie (ex-pēl-e'). A
French novelist and historian; born in Salon,
Bouches-du-Rhône, Sept. 8, 1814; died at Tain,
Drôme, Feb. 12, 1886. The years 1852-58 he
spent in South America studying the state of
the country, writings on which gave him great
distinction. Among his many publications are :
(The Truth concerning the Conflict involving
Brazil, Buenos Ayres, Montevideo, and Para-
guay in Presence of Civilization' (1866); (The
Political and Commercial Consequences of the
Opening of the Amazon (1809); and several
novels, including (The Sword of Damocles)
(1843) and (The Black Pirate (1838).
Eye, August von (i'ė). A German ästhetic
historian and critic; born in Fürstenau, Han.
növerschen, May 24, 1825. (The Kingdom of
the Beautiful) (1878), «The Life and Work of
Albert Dürer' (1860), together with studies in
art developments and tendencies, have been
widely read and generally accepted.
Eyma, Louis Xavier (i-mä'). A French
writer; born in St. Pierre, Martinique, West
Indies, Oct. 16, 1816; died in Paris, March 29,
1876. After a tour through the United States,
he returned to France and published several
works, of which the best-known are: Les
Femmes du Nouveau Monde) (1853); "Les
Peaux Rouges) (1854); "Les Peaux Noires
(1856); "La Republique Americaine: Ses In-
stitutions ; ses Hommes) (2 vols. , 1861); (La
Chasse à l'Esclave) (1866); and many novels.
Eyre, Edmund John. An English dramatist;
born in Cambridgeshire (? ), May 20, 1767; died
at London (? ), April 11, 1816. He wrote (The
Dreamer Awake (1791), a farce; (The Maid
of Normandy) (1793), a tragedy; and a few
other plays.
Eyster, Nellie. An American story-writer;
born in Frederick, Md. , 1831. She has pub-
lished (Sunny Hours) (1865); “On the Wing)
(1869) ;' Robert Brent's Three Christmas Days);
(Lionel Wintour's Diary) (1882).
Eyth, Eduard (it). A German poet; born
in Heilbronn, Würtemberg, July 2, 1809; died
at Neu-Ulm, April 28, 1884. He is the author
of a volume of Poems) (1843); Pictures in
Frames) (1856); and a version of the Odyssey.
Eyth, Julie. A German romantic and sen.
timental impressionist, wife of Eduard; born
Capoll. Her Pictures without Frames: From
the Papers of an Unknown; Communicated
- not by Herself (1852) won considerable
popularity at the time of their appearance.
## p. 177 (#193) ############################################
FAASEN – FAGIUOLI
177
F
3
Faasen, Pieter Jacobus or Robier (fä'sen).
A Dutch playwright; born at The Hague,
Sept. 9, 1833. He was one of the most celebrated
,
Netherland actors of his time, and wrote plays
remarkable for character-drawing and very suc-
cessful. Among them are: “The Old Cashier)
(1875); Manus! (1878); Anne Mie) (1878),
which won the first prize in an international
competition and was acted in London.
Fabbri, Cora Randall (fäb're). An Ameri-
can poet; born in New York, 1871; died 1892.
She was of Italian descent. A volume of her
(Lyrics) appeared but a few days before her
death.
Fabens, Joseph Warren. An American mis-
cellaneous writer; born in Massachusetts, 1821 ;
died 1875. Among his works are: (The Camel
Hunt,' a narrative of personal adventure ;(Facts
about Santo Domingo); and (The Last Cigar,'
a book of poems.
Faber, Cecilia Böhl de. See Caballero.
Faber, Frederick William. An English
hymn-writer; born in Calverley, Yorkshire, June
28, 1814; died at the Oratory, Brompton, Sept.
26, 1863. He was long in the Anglican priest-
hood, and wrote hymns of singular sweetness
and spirituality; going over at last to Rome
and voicing his new fervor in much sacred
song. A collection of the (Hymns) (1848) has
gone through more than one edition.
Fabié, François Joseph (fä-byā'). A French
poet; born at Durenque, Aveyron, Nov. 3, 1846.
He has filled important chairs in different col-
leges, attaining distinction as the author of
“The Poesie of the Foolish Ones) (1879), a col.
lection of his verse, succeeded by others of equal
merit; and by 'Roupeyrac's Mill,' a rustic drama,
and other plays.
Fabre, Amant Joseph (fäbr). An influential
French historical and philosophical writer,
dramatist, and publicist; born in Rodez, Dec.
10, 1842 (or 1843). A drama, Joan of Arc)
(1890), has made his name most widely known;
his other work being largely represented by
such books as “A Course in Philosophy) (1870)
and "Washington, the Liberator of America)
(1882).
Fabre, Ferdinand. A French novelist; born
at Bédarieux, Hérault, in 1830. He first pub.
lished (Ivy Leaves,' poems (1853); then the
novels (The Courbezons) (1861), and Julien
Savignac) (1863). But the remarkable novel
'Abbé Tigrane) (1873) --- one of the most note.
worthy in contemporary French fiction, espe-
cially by the insight it gives into the French
priestly life - first won him great distinction;
"Lucifer) (1884), portraying the struggle
among the clergy between Gallicanism and
Ultramontanism, is doubtless his greatest work.
Shorter stories like 'The Abbé Roitelet (1891),
(Norine (1890), (Germany) (1891) are admira-
ble for tenderness and sympathy with nature;
(Ma Vocation (1889) is a very interesting
little volume of leaves from his student diary.
Fabre, Jean Raymond Auguste. A French
poet, brother of Ferdinand; born in Jaujac,
June 24, 1792; died in Paris, Oct. 23, 1839. He
succeeded in journalism; and in Caledonia,
or the Patriotic War) (1823), «The Story of
the Siege of Missolonghi) (1827), and other
books, displayed a felicitous gift for poesy.
Fabre, Victorin. A French rhetorician and
versifier; born in Jaujac, Languedoc, July 19,
1785; died in Paris, May 19, 1831. Euphony
and elegance are the characteristics of Little
Works in Prose and Verse) (1806); (The Death
of Henry IV. (1808), a poem; and the eulo-
gies on Boileau, Montaigne, and La Bruyère,
which constitute his most important work.
Fabre d'Eglantine, Philippe François Na-
zaire (fäbr dā-glon-tēn'). A French poet; born
at Carcassonne, Dec. 28, 1755; died April 5,
1794. The “eglantinedenotes the prize he
won in the "floral plays ) at Toulouse. Going
on the stage with little success, he turned to
play-writing; and his comedy (Molière's Phi-
linte, a biting satire on the best society,"
was received with extraordinary favor. (The
Epistolary Intrigue); (The Convalescent of
Quality); (The Preceptors); and others, fol-
lowed with great acceptance. They are spirited,
and bold in drawing, but literarily faulty. The
song “'Tis raining, Shepherdess, 'tis raining,"
became a popular favorite.
Fabre d'Olivet, Antoine (fäbr dol-e-vā). A
French fanciful writer; born in Ganges, Hérault,
1768; died 1825. He came as a lad to Paris
to learn silk-making, but speedily began to
pour forth mystical works based on Oriental
word-and-letter symbolism : (The Fourteenth
of ly) (1790), and similar dramas; Philo-
sophic History of the Human Race) (1824);
and a score of other productions.
Fadeyev, Rostislav Andreievitch (fä'de-
yev). A Russian military writer; born 1824 ;
died in Odessa, Jan. 12, 1884. He made more
than one campaign in the Caucasus; achieving
a reputation as a scientific soldier that com-
mands respect for his (Russian Military Power)
(1868); My Opinions of the Oriental Problem)
(1870); Letters on Russia's Present Position)
(1881); and many similar writings.
Fagluoli, Giambattista (fä-jo-oʻlē). An Ital.
ian poet (1660-1742). His lyric poems, partly
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178
FAGUET - FALKE
a
burlesque, appeared in six volumes (1729-34),
and a seventh volume in 1743, under the title
(Pacific Rimes. ) Later he published his twenty-
two (Comedies) in six volumes. He hits off
the manners of the time admirably; his dia.
logue is fluent and free : but he lacks the true
comic vein and has little dramatic power.
Faguet, Émile (fä-gā'). A French historian
of literature ; born in La Roche-fur-Yon, Dec.
17, 1847. As a writer for periodicals he has
attracted a wide circle of readers. Among the
volumes upon which his fame rests are in-
cluded (French Tragedy of the Sixteenth Cen-
tury) (1883) and (Corneille) (1888); but in
(The Great Masters of the Seventeenth Cen-
tury) (1885) his learning and ability appear at
their best.
Fahlcrantz, Christian Erik (fälſkränts). A
Swedish poet and theological writer (1790-
1866). He was a bishop in the Swedish State
Church. His poem (Noah's Ark) is the work
of a wit and a thinker. His lyrico-epic (Ans-
garius,' in 14 cantos, gives proof of a lively
fancy. He wrote several volumes of religious
polemic; in particular one against the Roman
propaganda, (Rome Formerly and Rome Now. '
Faidit, Gaucelm (fa-e-de). A Provençal
troubadour; born in Uzerche, Limousin, and
flourished 1180-1216 or 1190-1240. Ile was evi-
dently both gifted and magnetic, as Richard
the Lion-Hearted, various prelates, and the
beautiful Guillelma were all fascinated by him.
For years he wandered, singing as he went,
with Guillelma following him; accompanying
Richard on his crusade to the Holy Land, and
mourning that monarch's death in a magnifi.
cent song. Some sixty of his pieces are pre-
served, and they are tender and sweet.
Faillon, Michel Étienne (fä-yôn'). A
French historical writer; born in Tarascon,
France, in 1799 ; died in Paris, Oct. 25, 1870.
He visited Canada in 1854. He wrote lives of
the (Ven. M. Olier) (1853); Marguerite Bour-
geoys); ^Mlle. Maure); “Madame d'Youville );
(Mlle. le Ber'; and a comprehensive history
of the French in Canada, three volumes of
which appeared before his death.
Fairchild, Ashbel Green. An American
clergyman and author; born in Hanover, N. J. ,
May 1, 1795; died in Smithfield, Pa. , in 1864.
He wrote many contributions to the religious
press. His most popular work, The Great
Supper,' was translated into German, and had
an immense sale. He also published Baptism,
Faith and Works, and Confession of Faith. '
Fairchild, James Harris. An American
educator and author; born in Stockbridge,
Mass. , Nov. 25, 1817. He was elected presi-
dent of Oberlin College in 1886, after a service
of twenty-six years as successively tutor, pro-
fessor of languages, professor of mathematics,
and professor of moral philosophy and theol-
ogy. Besides editing the Memoirs of Charles
G. Finney) (1876) and Finney's (Systematic
Theology) (1878), he is the author of (Moral
Philosophy) (1869); "Oberlin, the Colony and
the College) (1833); and (Woman's Right to
the Ballot) (1870).
Fairfax, Edward. An English poet; died
about 1635; the time of his birth is unknown.
He made a metrical translation, Godfrey of
Boulogne) (1600), of Tasso's (Jerusalem De-
livered, and dedicated it to Queen Elizabeth;
it was highly esteemed by James I. , is still
highly valued ; and on this, rather than on his
own Eclogues,' the fame of Fairfax as a poet
rests. He is also author of a Discourse on
Witchcraft,' first published in 1858.
Fairfield, Genevieve Genevra. An Ameri-
can miscellaneous writer; born in New York,
1832. She has written (Genevra); (The Wife
of Two Husbands); “Irene'; etc.
Fairfield, Sumner Lincoln. An American
poet and prose-writer; born in Warwick, Mass. ,
June 25, 1803; died at New Orleans, La. , March
6, 1844. He began the publication of the
North American Magazine in 1833; and con-
tinued to edit and publish it for five years.
His published volumes include "Lays of Mel-
pomene) (1824); "Cities of the Plain (1828);
Poems and Prose Writings) (1840).
Falconer, William. A Scotch poet (1732 ? -
69). All his family but himself were deaf-
mutes. He was orphaned in boyhood, and at
18 was a seaman on board a Mediterranean
vessel that foundered in a storm off Cape Co-
lonna, Greece. He with two others was saved,
and his poem (The Shipwreck) (1762) com-
memorates the event: it was received with
great favor. The author was made midshipman
and afterward purser in the navy through the
influence of the Duke of York; and in grati-
tude he wrote ' The Demagogue) (1765), a satire
against Chatham, Wilkes, and Churchill. He
wrote other poems (odes, satires, etc. ); and a
valuable Universal Dictionary of the Marine)
(1769).
Falenski, Felicyan (fä-len'skē). A Polish
poet; born in Warsaw, 1825. Flowers and
Thorns, (Mountain Echoes, and other poems
of his, display vigor and imagination. He has
tried his hand successfully at play-writing, with
(Althea); and his versions of Horace, Dante,
and Béranger are fine.
Falk, Johannes Daniel (fälk). A German
humorist, philanthropist, and man of letters ;
born in Danzig, Oct. 28, 1768; died Feb. 14,
1826. His capacity for satire was considerable :
a Pocket Book for Friends of Jest and Satire)
(1797) proving very popular, as did Men and
Heroes) (1796), a satire in verse, and Prome-
theus) (1804), a dramatic poem. His volume
on Goethe is still valuable.
Falke, Jacob von (fälke). A German con-
noisseur and historian of taste; born in Ratze-
burg, June 21, 1825. His administrative capacity
has placed many art galleries and repositories
of art treasures in Germany and Austria upon
a successful basis. His writings, particularly
## p. 179 (#195) ############################################
FALLMERAYER-FARINA
179
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(Knightly Society in the Days of Homage to
Womanhood' (1862); History of Modern
Taste) (1866); (Art and Art Study) (1878);
(Hellas and Rome) (1879); and History of
Taste in the Middle Ages (1893), are notable
for both learning and judgment.
Fallmerayer, Jacob Philipp (fäl-mer-i'er).
A German historian and voyager; born in the
Tyrol, Dec. 10, 1790 ; died in Munich, April 26,
1861. As a scholar, especially linguist, and as
an explorer of the Orient, his fame is inter-
national and his work authoritative; witness
"Fragments from the Orient) (1845), History
of the Peninsula of Morea in the Middle Ages)
(1830), and other important writings.
Falloux, Alfred Frédéric Pierre (fä-lö'). A
French historical, political, and controversial
writer and publicist; born in Angers, May 7,
1811; died there, Jan. 7, 1886. Legitimist and
clerical sympathies influenced his career, his
typical writings being : Madame Swetchine,
her Life and Works) (15th ed. 1884); (Story
of Louis XVI. ) (6th ed. 1881); and Political
Speeches and Miscellany) (1882).
Falsen, Enevold de (fäl'sen). A Danish poet
(1755-1808). He held several high offices, judi-
cial and political. His dramas long enjoyed
public favor. Among them are (Idda, a tra-
gedy; and the comedies (The Droll Cousins,
(The Art-Deemster, (The Child that Brings
Luck. In despair over the ills that had be-
fallen his country in the Napoleonic times, he
ended his life by his own hand.
Falster, Christian (fäl'stēr). A Danish poet
(1600-1752). His "Satires) on his age, mod-
eled on Juvenal, give him eminent rank among
the native poets. He wrote three volumes of
Philological Amenities or Various Discourses,
containing a mass of highly interesting observa-
tions on the affairs of the time. His translation
of Ovid's (Tristia) also is worthy of mention.
Fambri, Paul (fam'bre). An Italian dram-
atist, story-writer, military and literary essay-
ist, and scholar; born in Venice, about 1827.
His energies have expended themselves in a
great variety of ways. "The Corporal of a
Week,' a comedy; Agrippa Postumus, a
tragedy; Pietro Aretino,' a metrical play;
(The Law of Dueling,' a text-book of the
code of honor; 'Giddy Outsets [Pazzi Mezzi]
and a Serious End [e Serio Fine), a novel;
and Mary Queen of Scots, according to Tenny-
son and according to Hugo,' a critique, show
his versatility.
Fanfani, Pietro (fän-fä'nē). An Italian phi-
lologist, humorist, and novelist (1815-79). He
founded in 1847 the Philological Record, and
afterward edited several other periodicals of
a like character. His Vocabulary of Tuscan
l'sage) and other "vocabularies » are works
of high authority. The Writ at Random,' and
the whimsical satire (The Laughing Demo-
critus : Literary Recreations, are specimens of
his brimming humor. His novels are: (Cecco
of Ascoli); (Paolina); (The Coachman and
his Family); etc.
Fanshawe, Anne Harrison, Lady. An Eng.
lish memoirist; born (Harrison) in London,
March 25, 1625; died there, Jan. 30, 1679 or
1680. Her admirably written and accurate ob-
servations of life and manners in many lands,
preserved in Memoirs,' from which extracts
have been published, are of historical value.
Fanshawe, Catherine Maria. An English
poet; born in Chipstead, Surrey, July 6, 1765;
died at Putney Heath, April 17, 1834. A lively
fancy, brilliant wit, sound sense, and personal
charm made this lady and her poetry admired
in her own circle ; but she rarely consented to
publication, and only her riddle on the letter
II, sometimes credited to Byron, is generally
known, her stanzas not having been collected.
Faraday, Michael. An English physicist
and chemist of great authority ; born in New-
ington Butts, near London, Sept. 22, 1791 ; died
in Hampton Court, Aug. 25, 1867. His achieve-
ments in the departments of chemistry and
electrical induction and magnetism are of per-
manent importance; and his works, particularly
Experimental Researches in Electricity' (1832–
55); (Chemical Manipulations) (1843); (Exper-
imental Researches in Chemistry) (new ed.
1882); and Lectures on the Chemical History
of a Candle) (3d ed. 1874), are repositories of
valuable knowledge.
Fargus, Frederick John. (“Hugh Con-
way. ")) An English novelist (1847-85). His
death cut short what seemed a promising ca.
He is best known by his novel “Called
Back, but he wrote (Dark Days) and other
stories.
Faria, Manoel Severim de (fä-rē'ä). A Por-
tuguese biographer, essayist, and scholar; born
in Lisbon, 1583; died at Evora, Sept. 25, 1655.
He devoted many years to the study of his
country's literature, giving his researches and
thought a lasting form in (Various Essays)
(1624), containing appreciations and biogra-
phies of Camoens and other great writers. He
also wrote Jottings of Portugal (1655).
Faria y Sousa, Manoel de (fä-re'ä ē so'zä).
A Portuguese poet and historical writer (1590-,
1649). His four volumes (Fount of Aganippe)
of sonnets, eclogues, songs, and madrigals, are
eccentric but original. He wrote a (History
of the Kingdom of Portugal, a history of
Portuguese Asia, Portuguese Africa, etc. ,
besides many essays in literary criticism. Most
of his works are in Spanish.
Farina, Salvatore (fä-rē'nä). A distin-
guished Italian novelist; born at Sorso in Sar-
dinia, Jan. 10, 1846. His tales were successful
from the first, which was (Two Amours) (1869).
Among the others are (A Secret! (1870); (For-
bidden Fruit); Romance of a Widower);
Dounina's Treasure); 'Courage and Onward);
(Little Don Quixote) (1890); 'Living for Love)
(1890); (For Life and for Death' (1891). The
reer.
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180
FARINI – FASTENRATH
sympathy with lowly life and the rich humor
of his stories have gained him the title of
(The Italian Dickens. He is the best known
abroad of all Italian novelists.
Farini, Carlo Luigi. An Italian statesman
and historian; born at Russi, Oct. 22, 1812;
died Aug. 1, 1866. He studied medicine at
Bologna, but early entered upon a political
career, becoming Minister of Public Instruc-
tion in 1850, of Commerce in 1861, and Presi-
dent of the Council in 1862 during Cavour's
administration. His influence contributed much
to the union of Central Italy with the king-
dom of Victor Emmanuel II. His History of
the Roman State from 1815 to 1850) (1850)
was translated into English; and his History
of Italy, a continuation of Botta's celebrated
work, is a performance of standard merit.
Farjeon, Benjamin Leopold. An English
journalist and novelist; born in London in
1833. He went to Australia in early life, and
after some experience in the gold diggings of
Victoria, migrated to New Zealand, where he
became business manager of the Otago Daily
Times at Dunedin. He returned to London
in 1869 and devoted himself to literature. His
first novel, «Grif) (1870), a story of Australian
life, made his reputation; and has been fol.
lowed by Joshua Marvel) (1871); (Christmas
Stories) (1874); "Jessie Trim) (1874); (Duchess
of Rosemary Lane) (1876); “The Sacred Nug-
get) (1885); (Toilers of Babylon (1888); (A
Fair Jewess) (1894); (The King of No Land);
and numerous others.
Farley, Harriet. An American editor and
writer; born in New Hampshire, 1815 (? ). She
was employed in a mill at Lowell, Mass. , and
became editor of the Lowell Offering, a peri-
odical supported by the factory operatives, who
were also contributors to it. Her works in-
clude Mind among the Spindles,' a collec-
tion of her miscellany, and (Fancy's Frolics.
Farley, James Lewis. An Irish journalist,
topical and descriptive writer; born in Dublin,
Sept. 9, 1823; died in London, Nov. 12, 1885.
Established in Turkey as a bank official, he
became correspondent of two or three great
London dailies and speedily made himself an
authority on Turkish questions. His books in-
clude : (The Resources of Turkey) ( 1862 );
(Turkey: Its Rise, Progress, and Present Con-
dition) (1866); and (Modern Turkey' (1872).
Farlow, William Gilson. An American bot-
anist; born in Boston, Mass. , Dec. 17, 1844.
After graduating at Ilarvard, he spent several
years in Europe pursuing his favorite study.
His publications treat mainly of marine algæ,
fungi, and diseases of plants. Upon these sub-
jects, and particularly upon cryptogamic bot-
any, he is considered an authority. He also
published (The Potato Rot) (1875); Diseases
of Olive and Orange Trees) (1876); (The
Marine Algæ of New England (1881).
Farman, Ella. See Pratt.
Farmer, Henry Tudor. An American poet;
born in England in 1782; died in Charleston,
S. C. , January 1828. While very young he emi-
grated to Charleston, S. C. , where he continued
to reside until his death. He published a
small volume of poems entitled "Imagination,
the Maniac's Dream, and Other Poems) (1819).
He also published an “Essay on Taste.
Farmer, Mrs. Lydia Hoyt. An American
miscellaneous writer; born in Ohio, 1842. Her
books include (Aunt Belindy's Points of View)
and "The Doom of the Holy City'
Farnham, Eliza Woodson. An American
prose-writer ; born in Rensselaerville, N. Y. ,
Nov. 17, 1815; died in New York city, Dec.
15, 1864. A philanthropist, and the author of
(California, Indoors and Out); My Early
Days! (1859); and Woman and her Era) (2
vols. , 1864), which is her most finished work.
Farquhar, George. An Irish playwright
(1678-1707). On leaving Dublin University he
joined a troop of players, but quitted the stage
before long, having accidentally stabbed to
death one of his fellows. He wrote eight com-
edies which are ranked among the best of the
Restoration drama. Among them are : "Love
and a Bottle) (1698); (The Constant Couple
(1699), and its sequel (Sir Harry Wildair)
(1701); (The Recruiting Officer) (1706); (The
Beaux' Stratagem (1707).
Farrar, Charles A. J. An American mis-
cellaneous writer, born 18—-; died 1893. He
published Moosehead Lake and the North
Maine Wilderness); Camp Life in the Wil-
derness); (From Lake to Lake); etc.
Farrar, Eliza Ware. An American story.
writer; born in Flanders (Belgium), in 1791;
died in Springfield, Mass. , April 22, 1870. Her
works include: "The Children's Robinson
Crusoe); (The Story of Lafayette); (The
Youth's Love Letters); (Congo in Search of
his Master' (1854); and (Recollections of Sev-
enty Years) (1865).
Farrar, Frederick William. An English
clergyman, dean of Canterbury ; born at Bom-
bay, India, Aug. 7, 1831. Of his religious and
theological writings the most notable are: “The
Witness of History to Christ' (1871); (The
Life of Christ) (2 vols. , 1874), a work written
for the people and which has had a large
circulation ; Life and Works of St. Paul 12
vols. , 1879); (The Early Days of Christianity)
(2 vols. , 1882); «Eternal Hope, a work which
has been severely criticized by the strait or-
thodox school on account of its lax doctrine
regarding the question of everlasting punish-
ment. He is author also of works on language,
as (The Origin of Language) (1800); (Chap-
ters on Language) (1865); Families of Speech
(1870); Language and Languages) (1878); and
handbooks on Greek grammar. *
Fastenrath, Johannes (fäs'ten-rät). A Ger-
man poet and story-teller; born at Remscheid,
May 3, 1839. A brief sojourn in Spain (1864)
filled him with a permanent enthusiasm for
:
:
(
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FAURIEL - FAY
181
1
the land and literature which has inspired
nearly all his life-work. He translated Juan
Diana's comedy (Receipt against Mothers-in-
Law); and compiled a series of volumes which
are less translations than transcriptions in the
spirit of the originals,-(A Wreath of Spanish
Romances); Hesperian Blooms); “The Book
of my Spanish Friends); Voices of Christmas,
He also wrote many works on the history of
Spanish literature; and in Spanish, Passion-
Books of a German-Spaniard,' a description
of the Oberammergau Passion-Play; and “Wal-
halla and the Glories of Germany. A volume
of war songs dedicated (To the German Heroes
of 1870) is also his.
Fauriel, Claude (fo-rē-el'). A French his-
torian ; born in St. Etienne, Oct. 21, 1772;
died in Paris, July 15, 1844. He shone in the
most brilliant literary society of his time and
studied diligently before producing his great
History of Southern Gaul under its German
Conquerors) (1836). Other noteworthy books
by him are: (The Origin of the Epic of
the Middle Ages) (1833); (History of Pro-
vençal Poetry) (1846); and (Dante and the
Origin of the Italian Language and Literature)
(1854); all charmingly written.
Fava, Onorato (fä'vä). An Italian story.
writer, versifier, and essayist; born in Collo.
biano, Piedmont, July 7, 1859. He is versatile
and sprightly in Against the Majority) (1888);
a novel, “In the Country of the Stars) (1889);
a juvenile, “Our Life' (1885); and many other
capitally written and original things.
Favart, Charles Simon (fä-vär'). A French
dramatist; born at Paris, Nov. 13, 1710; died
May 18, 1792. His very youthful poem France
Freed by the Maid of Orleans, won the prize
of the Floral Plays; and at 24 he was writing
successful comedies. These and his operettas
number about 150 (his wife, Marie Justine
Bénédicte Duronceray, 1727-72, being his con-
stant collaborator), and are for the most part
pretty and realistic scenes of love in the coun.
try; but some of them are amusing drolleries
like the mediæval fabliaux. His most celebrated
compositions are (Annette and Lubin); (The
Village Astrologer); (Ninette at Court); (The
Three Sultanas); (The Englishman at Bor-
deaux.
was elected to Congress. Mr. Everett has pub-
lished (On the Cam) (1865) ; (Changing Base)
(1868) and Double Play) (1870), two books
for boys; a poem, (Hesione, or Europe Un-
chained? (1869); "School Sermons) (1881);
together with many pamphlets on political, lit-
erary, and religious subjects.
Ewald, Georg Heinrich August (ā'vält). A
German Biblical scholar and interpreter of
Hebrew literature; born Göttingen, Nov.
16, 1803; died there, May 4, 1875. He studied
profoundly Arabic, Hebrew, and other Oriental
languages and literatures. His works include:
(The Metres of Arab Songs) (1825); (Critical
1
(
## p. 176 (#192) ############################################
176
EWALD-EYTH
Yorkshire, 1841 ; died at Bath, May 13, 1885.
Her stories for children long enjoyed a uni-
versal popularity. They comprise "Daddy Dar-
win's Dovecot); (Dandelion Clocks and Other
Tales); A Flat-Iron for a Farthing'; A
Great Emergency and Other Tales); Jack-
anapes); Jan of the Windmill); and many
more.
Grammar of the Hebrew Language) (1827);
(Hebrew Manual for Beginners) (1842); and
(Critical Grammar of the Arabic Tongue)
(1831-33). His great fame, however, rests upon
his History of the People of Israel, of which
a third edition appeared 1864-68, and which was
succeeded by many works of importance.
Ewald, Herman Frederik. A Danish nov-
elist; born at Copenhagen, Dec. 13, 1821. The
most noteworthy of his novels are: (Valdemar
Krone: Story of his Youth) (1860), a tale of
high life; (The Nordby Family) ( 1862 ) ;
(Johannes Falk) (1865); "Charles Lyng,' a fine
character-study. He also wrote several histor-
ical novels popular both in the original and
in German translations : (The Swedes at Kron-
borg) (1867); Anna Hardenberg' ( 1880 );
(Clara Bille) (1892).
Ewald, Johannes. The foremost of Danish
lyric poets; born at Copenhagen, Nov. 18, 1743;
died March 17, 1781. When a boy he ran away
to the army, and was in several battles of the
Seven Years' War; returning, studied for the
Lutheran ministry; then gave himself to study-
ing poetry and drama. He produced (The
Temple of Fortune (1764); the Dirge-Cantata
on the Death of Frederic V. (1766); the drama
(Adam and Eve) ( 1765, remodeled 1769), with
fine lyric interludes. His finest plays are
(Balder's Death) (1773) and The Fishers)
(1778). In the latter occurs the lyric “King
Christian stood by the lofty mast,” which is
now the Danish national song, ( The Brutal
Clacqueurs) (1771) and (Harlequin the Patriot)
(1772) were successful farces. He left a nota-
ble autobiography, ‘J. Ewald's Life and Opin-
ions. *
Ewbank, Thomas. An American scientist
and writer; born in Durham County, England,
March 11, 1792 ; died in New York, Sept. 16,
1870. In 1836 he retired from commercial life
for literary and scientific work. His publica-
tions include: (The World a Workshop, or the
Physical Relation of Man to the Earth' (1855);
(Life in Brazil, with an appendix on a collec-
tion of American antiquities (1857); ( Thoughts
on Matter and Force) (1858); (Reminiscences
in the Patent Office (1859); and Inorganic
Forces ordained to Supersede Human Slavery,'
an essay.
Ewen, John. A Scotch song-writer; born
in Montrose, 1741; died near Aberdeen, Oct.
21, 1821. «() weel may the boatie row" is a
lay that has given him celebrity.
Ewing, Hugh Boyle. An American prose-
writer; born in Lancaster, O. , Oct. 31, 1826;
received his education at West Point, and
served during the Civil War. From 1866 to 1870
he was minister to Holland. He is author of
(The Grand Ladron, a Tale of Early Califor-
nia, and (A Castle in the Air) (1887).
Ewing, Juliana Horatia. An English story-
writer and poet; born (Gatty) at Ecclesfield,
Expilly, Jean Charles Marie (ex-pēl-e'). A
French novelist and historian; born in Salon,
Bouches-du-Rhône, Sept. 8, 1814; died at Tain,
Drôme, Feb. 12, 1886. The years 1852-58 he
spent in South America studying the state of
the country, writings on which gave him great
distinction. Among his many publications are :
(The Truth concerning the Conflict involving
Brazil, Buenos Ayres, Montevideo, and Para-
guay in Presence of Civilization' (1866); (The
Political and Commercial Consequences of the
Opening of the Amazon (1809); and several
novels, including (The Sword of Damocles)
(1843) and (The Black Pirate (1838).
Eye, August von (i'ė). A German ästhetic
historian and critic; born in Fürstenau, Han.
növerschen, May 24, 1825. (The Kingdom of
the Beautiful) (1878), «The Life and Work of
Albert Dürer' (1860), together with studies in
art developments and tendencies, have been
widely read and generally accepted.
Eyma, Louis Xavier (i-mä'). A French
writer; born in St. Pierre, Martinique, West
Indies, Oct. 16, 1816; died in Paris, March 29,
1876. After a tour through the United States,
he returned to France and published several
works, of which the best-known are: Les
Femmes du Nouveau Monde) (1853); "Les
Peaux Rouges) (1854); "Les Peaux Noires
(1856); "La Republique Americaine: Ses In-
stitutions ; ses Hommes) (2 vols. , 1861); (La
Chasse à l'Esclave) (1866); and many novels.
Eyre, Edmund John. An English dramatist;
born in Cambridgeshire (? ), May 20, 1767; died
at London (? ), April 11, 1816. He wrote (The
Dreamer Awake (1791), a farce; (The Maid
of Normandy) (1793), a tragedy; and a few
other plays.
Eyster, Nellie. An American story-writer;
born in Frederick, Md. , 1831. She has pub-
lished (Sunny Hours) (1865); “On the Wing)
(1869) ;' Robert Brent's Three Christmas Days);
(Lionel Wintour's Diary) (1882).
Eyth, Eduard (it). A German poet; born
in Heilbronn, Würtemberg, July 2, 1809; died
at Neu-Ulm, April 28, 1884. He is the author
of a volume of Poems) (1843); Pictures in
Frames) (1856); and a version of the Odyssey.
Eyth, Julie. A German romantic and sen.
timental impressionist, wife of Eduard; born
Capoll. Her Pictures without Frames: From
the Papers of an Unknown; Communicated
- not by Herself (1852) won considerable
popularity at the time of their appearance.
## p. 177 (#193) ############################################
FAASEN – FAGIUOLI
177
F
3
Faasen, Pieter Jacobus or Robier (fä'sen).
A Dutch playwright; born at The Hague,
Sept. 9, 1833. He was one of the most celebrated
,
Netherland actors of his time, and wrote plays
remarkable for character-drawing and very suc-
cessful. Among them are: “The Old Cashier)
(1875); Manus! (1878); Anne Mie) (1878),
which won the first prize in an international
competition and was acted in London.
Fabbri, Cora Randall (fäb're). An Ameri-
can poet; born in New York, 1871; died 1892.
She was of Italian descent. A volume of her
(Lyrics) appeared but a few days before her
death.
Fabens, Joseph Warren. An American mis-
cellaneous writer; born in Massachusetts, 1821 ;
died 1875. Among his works are: (The Camel
Hunt,' a narrative of personal adventure ;(Facts
about Santo Domingo); and (The Last Cigar,'
a book of poems.
Faber, Cecilia Böhl de. See Caballero.
Faber, Frederick William. An English
hymn-writer; born in Calverley, Yorkshire, June
28, 1814; died at the Oratory, Brompton, Sept.
26, 1863. He was long in the Anglican priest-
hood, and wrote hymns of singular sweetness
and spirituality; going over at last to Rome
and voicing his new fervor in much sacred
song. A collection of the (Hymns) (1848) has
gone through more than one edition.
Fabié, François Joseph (fä-byā'). A French
poet; born at Durenque, Aveyron, Nov. 3, 1846.
He has filled important chairs in different col-
leges, attaining distinction as the author of
“The Poesie of the Foolish Ones) (1879), a col.
lection of his verse, succeeded by others of equal
merit; and by 'Roupeyrac's Mill,' a rustic drama,
and other plays.
Fabre, Amant Joseph (fäbr). An influential
French historical and philosophical writer,
dramatist, and publicist; born in Rodez, Dec.
10, 1842 (or 1843). A drama, Joan of Arc)
(1890), has made his name most widely known;
his other work being largely represented by
such books as “A Course in Philosophy) (1870)
and "Washington, the Liberator of America)
(1882).
Fabre, Ferdinand. A French novelist; born
at Bédarieux, Hérault, in 1830. He first pub.
lished (Ivy Leaves,' poems (1853); then the
novels (The Courbezons) (1861), and Julien
Savignac) (1863). But the remarkable novel
'Abbé Tigrane) (1873) --- one of the most note.
worthy in contemporary French fiction, espe-
cially by the insight it gives into the French
priestly life - first won him great distinction;
"Lucifer) (1884), portraying the struggle
among the clergy between Gallicanism and
Ultramontanism, is doubtless his greatest work.
Shorter stories like 'The Abbé Roitelet (1891),
(Norine (1890), (Germany) (1891) are admira-
ble for tenderness and sympathy with nature;
(Ma Vocation (1889) is a very interesting
little volume of leaves from his student diary.
Fabre, Jean Raymond Auguste. A French
poet, brother of Ferdinand; born in Jaujac,
June 24, 1792; died in Paris, Oct. 23, 1839. He
succeeded in journalism; and in Caledonia,
or the Patriotic War) (1823), «The Story of
the Siege of Missolonghi) (1827), and other
books, displayed a felicitous gift for poesy.
Fabre, Victorin. A French rhetorician and
versifier; born in Jaujac, Languedoc, July 19,
1785; died in Paris, May 19, 1831. Euphony
and elegance are the characteristics of Little
Works in Prose and Verse) (1806); (The Death
of Henry IV. (1808), a poem; and the eulo-
gies on Boileau, Montaigne, and La Bruyère,
which constitute his most important work.
Fabre d'Eglantine, Philippe François Na-
zaire (fäbr dā-glon-tēn'). A French poet; born
at Carcassonne, Dec. 28, 1755; died April 5,
1794. The “eglantinedenotes the prize he
won in the "floral plays ) at Toulouse. Going
on the stage with little success, he turned to
play-writing; and his comedy (Molière's Phi-
linte, a biting satire on the best society,"
was received with extraordinary favor. (The
Epistolary Intrigue); (The Convalescent of
Quality); (The Preceptors); and others, fol-
lowed with great acceptance. They are spirited,
and bold in drawing, but literarily faulty. The
song “'Tis raining, Shepherdess, 'tis raining,"
became a popular favorite.
Fabre d'Olivet, Antoine (fäbr dol-e-vā). A
French fanciful writer; born in Ganges, Hérault,
1768; died 1825. He came as a lad to Paris
to learn silk-making, but speedily began to
pour forth mystical works based on Oriental
word-and-letter symbolism : (The Fourteenth
of ly) (1790), and similar dramas; Philo-
sophic History of the Human Race) (1824);
and a score of other productions.
Fadeyev, Rostislav Andreievitch (fä'de-
yev). A Russian military writer; born 1824 ;
died in Odessa, Jan. 12, 1884. He made more
than one campaign in the Caucasus; achieving
a reputation as a scientific soldier that com-
mands respect for his (Russian Military Power)
(1868); My Opinions of the Oriental Problem)
(1870); Letters on Russia's Present Position)
(1881); and many similar writings.
Fagluoli, Giambattista (fä-jo-oʻlē). An Ital.
ian poet (1660-1742). His lyric poems, partly
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## p. 178 (#194) ############################################
178
FAGUET - FALKE
a
burlesque, appeared in six volumes (1729-34),
and a seventh volume in 1743, under the title
(Pacific Rimes. ) Later he published his twenty-
two (Comedies) in six volumes. He hits off
the manners of the time admirably; his dia.
logue is fluent and free : but he lacks the true
comic vein and has little dramatic power.
Faguet, Émile (fä-gā'). A French historian
of literature ; born in La Roche-fur-Yon, Dec.
17, 1847. As a writer for periodicals he has
attracted a wide circle of readers. Among the
volumes upon which his fame rests are in-
cluded (French Tragedy of the Sixteenth Cen-
tury) (1883) and (Corneille) (1888); but in
(The Great Masters of the Seventeenth Cen-
tury) (1885) his learning and ability appear at
their best.
Fahlcrantz, Christian Erik (fälſkränts). A
Swedish poet and theological writer (1790-
1866). He was a bishop in the Swedish State
Church. His poem (Noah's Ark) is the work
of a wit and a thinker. His lyrico-epic (Ans-
garius,' in 14 cantos, gives proof of a lively
fancy. He wrote several volumes of religious
polemic; in particular one against the Roman
propaganda, (Rome Formerly and Rome Now. '
Faidit, Gaucelm (fa-e-de). A Provençal
troubadour; born in Uzerche, Limousin, and
flourished 1180-1216 or 1190-1240. Ile was evi-
dently both gifted and magnetic, as Richard
the Lion-Hearted, various prelates, and the
beautiful Guillelma were all fascinated by him.
For years he wandered, singing as he went,
with Guillelma following him; accompanying
Richard on his crusade to the Holy Land, and
mourning that monarch's death in a magnifi.
cent song. Some sixty of his pieces are pre-
served, and they are tender and sweet.
Faillon, Michel Étienne (fä-yôn'). A
French historical writer; born in Tarascon,
France, in 1799 ; died in Paris, Oct. 25, 1870.
He visited Canada in 1854. He wrote lives of
the (Ven. M. Olier) (1853); Marguerite Bour-
geoys); ^Mlle. Maure); “Madame d'Youville );
(Mlle. le Ber'; and a comprehensive history
of the French in Canada, three volumes of
which appeared before his death.
Fairchild, Ashbel Green. An American
clergyman and author; born in Hanover, N. J. ,
May 1, 1795; died in Smithfield, Pa. , in 1864.
He wrote many contributions to the religious
press. His most popular work, The Great
Supper,' was translated into German, and had
an immense sale. He also published Baptism,
Faith and Works, and Confession of Faith. '
Fairchild, James Harris. An American
educator and author; born in Stockbridge,
Mass. , Nov. 25, 1817. He was elected presi-
dent of Oberlin College in 1886, after a service
of twenty-six years as successively tutor, pro-
fessor of languages, professor of mathematics,
and professor of moral philosophy and theol-
ogy. Besides editing the Memoirs of Charles
G. Finney) (1876) and Finney's (Systematic
Theology) (1878), he is the author of (Moral
Philosophy) (1869); "Oberlin, the Colony and
the College) (1833); and (Woman's Right to
the Ballot) (1870).
Fairfax, Edward. An English poet; died
about 1635; the time of his birth is unknown.
He made a metrical translation, Godfrey of
Boulogne) (1600), of Tasso's (Jerusalem De-
livered, and dedicated it to Queen Elizabeth;
it was highly esteemed by James I. , is still
highly valued ; and on this, rather than on his
own Eclogues,' the fame of Fairfax as a poet
rests. He is also author of a Discourse on
Witchcraft,' first published in 1858.
Fairfield, Genevieve Genevra. An Ameri-
can miscellaneous writer; born in New York,
1832. She has written (Genevra); (The Wife
of Two Husbands); “Irene'; etc.
Fairfield, Sumner Lincoln. An American
poet and prose-writer; born in Warwick, Mass. ,
June 25, 1803; died at New Orleans, La. , March
6, 1844. He began the publication of the
North American Magazine in 1833; and con-
tinued to edit and publish it for five years.
His published volumes include "Lays of Mel-
pomene) (1824); "Cities of the Plain (1828);
Poems and Prose Writings) (1840).
Falconer, William. A Scotch poet (1732 ? -
69). All his family but himself were deaf-
mutes. He was orphaned in boyhood, and at
18 was a seaman on board a Mediterranean
vessel that foundered in a storm off Cape Co-
lonna, Greece. He with two others was saved,
and his poem (The Shipwreck) (1762) com-
memorates the event: it was received with
great favor. The author was made midshipman
and afterward purser in the navy through the
influence of the Duke of York; and in grati-
tude he wrote ' The Demagogue) (1765), a satire
against Chatham, Wilkes, and Churchill. He
wrote other poems (odes, satires, etc. ); and a
valuable Universal Dictionary of the Marine)
(1769).
Falenski, Felicyan (fä-len'skē). A Polish
poet; born in Warsaw, 1825. Flowers and
Thorns, (Mountain Echoes, and other poems
of his, display vigor and imagination. He has
tried his hand successfully at play-writing, with
(Althea); and his versions of Horace, Dante,
and Béranger are fine.
Falk, Johannes Daniel (fälk). A German
humorist, philanthropist, and man of letters ;
born in Danzig, Oct. 28, 1768; died Feb. 14,
1826. His capacity for satire was considerable :
a Pocket Book for Friends of Jest and Satire)
(1797) proving very popular, as did Men and
Heroes) (1796), a satire in verse, and Prome-
theus) (1804), a dramatic poem. His volume
on Goethe is still valuable.
Falke, Jacob von (fälke). A German con-
noisseur and historian of taste; born in Ratze-
burg, June 21, 1825. His administrative capacity
has placed many art galleries and repositories
of art treasures in Germany and Austria upon
a successful basis. His writings, particularly
## p. 179 (#195) ############################################
FALLMERAYER-FARINA
179
(
1
1
(Knightly Society in the Days of Homage to
Womanhood' (1862); History of Modern
Taste) (1866); (Art and Art Study) (1878);
(Hellas and Rome) (1879); and History of
Taste in the Middle Ages (1893), are notable
for both learning and judgment.
Fallmerayer, Jacob Philipp (fäl-mer-i'er).
A German historian and voyager; born in the
Tyrol, Dec. 10, 1790 ; died in Munich, April 26,
1861. As a scholar, especially linguist, and as
an explorer of the Orient, his fame is inter-
national and his work authoritative; witness
"Fragments from the Orient) (1845), History
of the Peninsula of Morea in the Middle Ages)
(1830), and other important writings.
Falloux, Alfred Frédéric Pierre (fä-lö'). A
French historical, political, and controversial
writer and publicist; born in Angers, May 7,
1811; died there, Jan. 7, 1886. Legitimist and
clerical sympathies influenced his career, his
typical writings being : Madame Swetchine,
her Life and Works) (15th ed. 1884); (Story
of Louis XVI. ) (6th ed. 1881); and Political
Speeches and Miscellany) (1882).
Falsen, Enevold de (fäl'sen). A Danish poet
(1755-1808). He held several high offices, judi-
cial and political. His dramas long enjoyed
public favor. Among them are (Idda, a tra-
gedy; and the comedies (The Droll Cousins,
(The Art-Deemster, (The Child that Brings
Luck. In despair over the ills that had be-
fallen his country in the Napoleonic times, he
ended his life by his own hand.
Falster, Christian (fäl'stēr). A Danish poet
(1600-1752). His "Satires) on his age, mod-
eled on Juvenal, give him eminent rank among
the native poets. He wrote three volumes of
Philological Amenities or Various Discourses,
containing a mass of highly interesting observa-
tions on the affairs of the time. His translation
of Ovid's (Tristia) also is worthy of mention.
Fambri, Paul (fam'bre). An Italian dram-
atist, story-writer, military and literary essay-
ist, and scholar; born in Venice, about 1827.
His energies have expended themselves in a
great variety of ways. "The Corporal of a
Week,' a comedy; Agrippa Postumus, a
tragedy; Pietro Aretino,' a metrical play;
(The Law of Dueling,' a text-book of the
code of honor; 'Giddy Outsets [Pazzi Mezzi]
and a Serious End [e Serio Fine), a novel;
and Mary Queen of Scots, according to Tenny-
son and according to Hugo,' a critique, show
his versatility.
Fanfani, Pietro (fän-fä'nē). An Italian phi-
lologist, humorist, and novelist (1815-79). He
founded in 1847 the Philological Record, and
afterward edited several other periodicals of
a like character. His Vocabulary of Tuscan
l'sage) and other "vocabularies » are works
of high authority. The Writ at Random,' and
the whimsical satire (The Laughing Demo-
critus : Literary Recreations, are specimens of
his brimming humor. His novels are: (Cecco
of Ascoli); (Paolina); (The Coachman and
his Family); etc.
Fanshawe, Anne Harrison, Lady. An Eng.
lish memoirist; born (Harrison) in London,
March 25, 1625; died there, Jan. 30, 1679 or
1680. Her admirably written and accurate ob-
servations of life and manners in many lands,
preserved in Memoirs,' from which extracts
have been published, are of historical value.
Fanshawe, Catherine Maria. An English
poet; born in Chipstead, Surrey, July 6, 1765;
died at Putney Heath, April 17, 1834. A lively
fancy, brilliant wit, sound sense, and personal
charm made this lady and her poetry admired
in her own circle ; but she rarely consented to
publication, and only her riddle on the letter
II, sometimes credited to Byron, is generally
known, her stanzas not having been collected.
Faraday, Michael. An English physicist
and chemist of great authority ; born in New-
ington Butts, near London, Sept. 22, 1791 ; died
in Hampton Court, Aug. 25, 1867. His achieve-
ments in the departments of chemistry and
electrical induction and magnetism are of per-
manent importance; and his works, particularly
Experimental Researches in Electricity' (1832–
55); (Chemical Manipulations) (1843); (Exper-
imental Researches in Chemistry) (new ed.
1882); and Lectures on the Chemical History
of a Candle) (3d ed. 1874), are repositories of
valuable knowledge.
Fargus, Frederick John. (“Hugh Con-
way. ")) An English novelist (1847-85). His
death cut short what seemed a promising ca.
He is best known by his novel “Called
Back, but he wrote (Dark Days) and other
stories.
Faria, Manoel Severim de (fä-rē'ä). A Por-
tuguese biographer, essayist, and scholar; born
in Lisbon, 1583; died at Evora, Sept. 25, 1655.
He devoted many years to the study of his
country's literature, giving his researches and
thought a lasting form in (Various Essays)
(1624), containing appreciations and biogra-
phies of Camoens and other great writers. He
also wrote Jottings of Portugal (1655).
Faria y Sousa, Manoel de (fä-re'ä ē so'zä).
A Portuguese poet and historical writer (1590-,
1649). His four volumes (Fount of Aganippe)
of sonnets, eclogues, songs, and madrigals, are
eccentric but original. He wrote a (History
of the Kingdom of Portugal, a history of
Portuguese Asia, Portuguese Africa, etc. ,
besides many essays in literary criticism. Most
of his works are in Spanish.
Farina, Salvatore (fä-rē'nä). A distin-
guished Italian novelist; born at Sorso in Sar-
dinia, Jan. 10, 1846. His tales were successful
from the first, which was (Two Amours) (1869).
Among the others are (A Secret! (1870); (For-
bidden Fruit); Romance of a Widower);
Dounina's Treasure); 'Courage and Onward);
(Little Don Quixote) (1890); 'Living for Love)
(1890); (For Life and for Death' (1891). The
reer.
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180
FARINI – FASTENRATH
sympathy with lowly life and the rich humor
of his stories have gained him the title of
(The Italian Dickens. He is the best known
abroad of all Italian novelists.
Farini, Carlo Luigi. An Italian statesman
and historian; born at Russi, Oct. 22, 1812;
died Aug. 1, 1866. He studied medicine at
Bologna, but early entered upon a political
career, becoming Minister of Public Instruc-
tion in 1850, of Commerce in 1861, and Presi-
dent of the Council in 1862 during Cavour's
administration. His influence contributed much
to the union of Central Italy with the king-
dom of Victor Emmanuel II. His History of
the Roman State from 1815 to 1850) (1850)
was translated into English; and his History
of Italy, a continuation of Botta's celebrated
work, is a performance of standard merit.
Farjeon, Benjamin Leopold. An English
journalist and novelist; born in London in
1833. He went to Australia in early life, and
after some experience in the gold diggings of
Victoria, migrated to New Zealand, where he
became business manager of the Otago Daily
Times at Dunedin. He returned to London
in 1869 and devoted himself to literature. His
first novel, «Grif) (1870), a story of Australian
life, made his reputation; and has been fol.
lowed by Joshua Marvel) (1871); (Christmas
Stories) (1874); "Jessie Trim) (1874); (Duchess
of Rosemary Lane) (1876); “The Sacred Nug-
get) (1885); (Toilers of Babylon (1888); (A
Fair Jewess) (1894); (The King of No Land);
and numerous others.
Farley, Harriet. An American editor and
writer; born in New Hampshire, 1815 (? ). She
was employed in a mill at Lowell, Mass. , and
became editor of the Lowell Offering, a peri-
odical supported by the factory operatives, who
were also contributors to it. Her works in-
clude Mind among the Spindles,' a collec-
tion of her miscellany, and (Fancy's Frolics.
Farley, James Lewis. An Irish journalist,
topical and descriptive writer; born in Dublin,
Sept. 9, 1823; died in London, Nov. 12, 1885.
Established in Turkey as a bank official, he
became correspondent of two or three great
London dailies and speedily made himself an
authority on Turkish questions. His books in-
clude : (The Resources of Turkey) ( 1862 );
(Turkey: Its Rise, Progress, and Present Con-
dition) (1866); and (Modern Turkey' (1872).
Farlow, William Gilson. An American bot-
anist; born in Boston, Mass. , Dec. 17, 1844.
After graduating at Ilarvard, he spent several
years in Europe pursuing his favorite study.
His publications treat mainly of marine algæ,
fungi, and diseases of plants. Upon these sub-
jects, and particularly upon cryptogamic bot-
any, he is considered an authority. He also
published (The Potato Rot) (1875); Diseases
of Olive and Orange Trees) (1876); (The
Marine Algæ of New England (1881).
Farman, Ella. See Pratt.
Farmer, Henry Tudor. An American poet;
born in England in 1782; died in Charleston,
S. C. , January 1828. While very young he emi-
grated to Charleston, S. C. , where he continued
to reside until his death. He published a
small volume of poems entitled "Imagination,
the Maniac's Dream, and Other Poems) (1819).
He also published an “Essay on Taste.
Farmer, Mrs. Lydia Hoyt. An American
miscellaneous writer; born in Ohio, 1842. Her
books include (Aunt Belindy's Points of View)
and "The Doom of the Holy City'
Farnham, Eliza Woodson. An American
prose-writer ; born in Rensselaerville, N. Y. ,
Nov. 17, 1815; died in New York city, Dec.
15, 1864. A philanthropist, and the author of
(California, Indoors and Out); My Early
Days! (1859); and Woman and her Era) (2
vols. , 1864), which is her most finished work.
Farquhar, George. An Irish playwright
(1678-1707). On leaving Dublin University he
joined a troop of players, but quitted the stage
before long, having accidentally stabbed to
death one of his fellows. He wrote eight com-
edies which are ranked among the best of the
Restoration drama. Among them are : "Love
and a Bottle) (1698); (The Constant Couple
(1699), and its sequel (Sir Harry Wildair)
(1701); (The Recruiting Officer) (1706); (The
Beaux' Stratagem (1707).
Farrar, Charles A. J. An American mis-
cellaneous writer, born 18—-; died 1893. He
published Moosehead Lake and the North
Maine Wilderness); Camp Life in the Wil-
derness); (From Lake to Lake); etc.
Farrar, Eliza Ware. An American story.
writer; born in Flanders (Belgium), in 1791;
died in Springfield, Mass. , April 22, 1870. Her
works include: "The Children's Robinson
Crusoe); (The Story of Lafayette); (The
Youth's Love Letters); (Congo in Search of
his Master' (1854); and (Recollections of Sev-
enty Years) (1865).
Farrar, Frederick William. An English
clergyman, dean of Canterbury ; born at Bom-
bay, India, Aug. 7, 1831. Of his religious and
theological writings the most notable are: “The
Witness of History to Christ' (1871); (The
Life of Christ) (2 vols. , 1874), a work written
for the people and which has had a large
circulation ; Life and Works of St. Paul 12
vols. , 1879); (The Early Days of Christianity)
(2 vols. , 1882); «Eternal Hope, a work which
has been severely criticized by the strait or-
thodox school on account of its lax doctrine
regarding the question of everlasting punish-
ment. He is author also of works on language,
as (The Origin of Language) (1800); (Chap-
ters on Language) (1865); Families of Speech
(1870); Language and Languages) (1878); and
handbooks on Greek grammar. *
Fastenrath, Johannes (fäs'ten-rät). A Ger-
man poet and story-teller; born at Remscheid,
May 3, 1839. A brief sojourn in Spain (1864)
filled him with a permanent enthusiasm for
:
:
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FAURIEL - FAY
181
1
the land and literature which has inspired
nearly all his life-work. He translated Juan
Diana's comedy (Receipt against Mothers-in-
Law); and compiled a series of volumes which
are less translations than transcriptions in the
spirit of the originals,-(A Wreath of Spanish
Romances); Hesperian Blooms); “The Book
of my Spanish Friends); Voices of Christmas,
He also wrote many works on the history of
Spanish literature; and in Spanish, Passion-
Books of a German-Spaniard,' a description
of the Oberammergau Passion-Play; and “Wal-
halla and the Glories of Germany. A volume
of war songs dedicated (To the German Heroes
of 1870) is also his.
Fauriel, Claude (fo-rē-el'). A French his-
torian ; born in St. Etienne, Oct. 21, 1772;
died in Paris, July 15, 1844. He shone in the
most brilliant literary society of his time and
studied diligently before producing his great
History of Southern Gaul under its German
Conquerors) (1836). Other noteworthy books
by him are: (The Origin of the Epic of
the Middle Ages) (1833); (History of Pro-
vençal Poetry) (1846); and (Dante and the
Origin of the Italian Language and Literature)
(1854); all charmingly written.
Fava, Onorato (fä'vä). An Italian story.
writer, versifier, and essayist; born in Collo.
biano, Piedmont, July 7, 1859. He is versatile
and sprightly in Against the Majority) (1888);
a novel, “In the Country of the Stars) (1889);
a juvenile, “Our Life' (1885); and many other
capitally written and original things.
Favart, Charles Simon (fä-vär'). A French
dramatist; born at Paris, Nov. 13, 1710; died
May 18, 1792. His very youthful poem France
Freed by the Maid of Orleans, won the prize
of the Floral Plays; and at 24 he was writing
successful comedies. These and his operettas
number about 150 (his wife, Marie Justine
Bénédicte Duronceray, 1727-72, being his con-
stant collaborator), and are for the most part
pretty and realistic scenes of love in the coun.
try; but some of them are amusing drolleries
like the mediæval fabliaux. His most celebrated
compositions are (Annette and Lubin); (The
Village Astrologer); (Ninette at Court); (The
Three Sultanas); (The Englishman at Bor-
deaux.
