Baccheius
reckons as by their insolence and oppression, of which the
seven modes (pp.
seven modes (pp.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
9) from one of Cicero's letters is in accordance with the account of Avianus, who
to Axius, and Gellius speaks (vii. 3) of a letter speaks (Praef. ) of Babrius before Phaedrus.
which Tiro, the freedman of Cicero, wrote to Axius, The work of Babrius, which was in Choliambic
the friend of his patron. Axius was a man of wealth, verses (see p. 47, b. ), was called Múño. and Mu
and was accustomed to lend money, if at least the Diaubou, and was comprised in ten books according
Axius to whom Cicero talked of applying in B. C. to Suidas (s. v. Bábpios), or two volumes (volumina)
61 (ad Att. i. 12), is the same as the above. In according to Avianus. His version, which is one
B. C. 49, however, we find that Axius was in of no ordinary merit, seems to have been the basis
Cicero's debt. (ad Att. x. 11, 13, 15. )
of all the Aesopean fables which have come down
AXUR. (ANXUR. ]
to us in various forms. Later writers of Aesopean
AZAN ('Afár), a son of Arcas and the nymph fables, such as Maximus Planudes, probably turn-
Erato, was the brother of Apheidas and Elatus, ed the poems of Babrius into prose, but they did
and father of Cleitor. The part of Arcadia which it in so clumsy a manner, that many choliambic
he received from his father was called, after him, verses may still be traced in their fables, as Bentley
Azania After his death, funeral games, which has shewn in his dissertation on Aesop's fables.
were believed to have been the first in Greece, (AESOPUS, p. 48, a. ) Bentley was the first writer
were celebrated in his honour. (Paus. viii. 4. &S 2, who called the attention of the learned to this fact,
3, v. 1. $ 6; Steph. Byz. s. v. 'AŠávia. ) [L. S. ] which was proved still more clearly by Tyrwhitt
AZANI'TES ('AŠavions), a physician whose in his dissertation “De Babrio, Fabularum Aeso-
medical formulae appear to have enjoyed some ce- pearum Scriptore," Lond. 1776, reprinted at Erlan-
lebrity, as they are quoted with approbation by gen, 1785, ed. Harles. To this treatise Tyrwhitt
Galen (de Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. v. 2. vol. xiii. added the fragments of Babrius, which were but
p. 784), Oribasius (Synops. iii. p. 43), Aëtius (Te few in pumber and chiefly taken from Suidas ; but
trab. iv. Serm. ii. 34. p. 705, and Tetrab. iv. Serm. several of his complete poems have been discovered
iii. 21. p. 772), Paulus Aegineta (iv. 55, p. 530, in a Florentine and Vatican MS. , and were first
vii. 19, p. 686), and others. As Galen is the ear- published by de Furia under the title of " Fabulae
liest writer by whom he is mentioned, he must Aesopicae, quales ante Planudem ferebantur,"
have lived some time in or before the second cen- Flor. 1809. They have also been edited by J. Gl.
tury after Christ.
(W. A. G. ) Schneider, “ Aesopi Fabulae, cum Fabulis Babrii,"
AZEMILCUS ('ASéukos), king of Tyre, was Vratisl. 1812; by Berger, Babplov uúowv Xwliau.
serving in the Persian fleet under Autophradates Bikwv Bibaía Tpla, &c. , Monach. 1816; and by
at the time when Alexander arrived at Tyre, B. C. Knoch,“ Babrii Fabulae et Fabularum Fragmenta,"
332. He was in the city when it was taken, but Halis Sax. 1835.
his life was spared by Alexander. (Arrian, ii. 15, BABU'LLIUS. [BACILLUS. )
24. )
BABYS (Bábus). 1. The same according to
AZE'SIA ('Agnola), a surname of Demeter and Hellanicus (ap. Athen. xv. p. 680, a. ) as the Egyp
Persephone, which is derived either from a šalverv | tian Typhon. [Typhon. ]
2G
## p. 450 (#470) ############################################
450
BACCHIADAE.
BACCHYLIDES.
&
same names.
2. The father of Pherecydes. (Strab. x. p. 487; |(Wess. ad Diod. I. c. ; Pind. Olymp. xiii. 17; Schol.
Diog. Laërt. i. 116. [PHERECYDES. ]
ad Pind. Nem. vii. 155; Paus. ii. 4; Müll. Dor.
3. A flute-player, who gave occasion to the pro- i. 5. & 9); while from Pausanias (1. c. ) it would
verb against bad flute-players," lle plays worse rather appear, that Bacchis was the founder of a
than Babys. ” (Athen. xiv. p. 624, b. ; comp. Zenob. new, though still a Heracleid, dynasty. In his line
iv. 81. )
the throne continued till, in B. c. 748. Telestes was
BACCHEIDAS (Baryeidas), of Sicyon, a murdered by Arieus and Perantas, who were them-
dancer and teacher of music, in honour of whom selves Bacchiads, and were perhaps merely the in-
there is an ancient epigram of four lines preserved struments of a general conspiracy of the clan to
by Athenaeus. (xiv. p. 629, a. )
gain for their body a larger share of power than
BACCHEIUS or BACCHI'US, of Miletus, the they enjoyed under the regal constitution. (Diod.
author of a work on agriculture (Var. R. R. i. 1), and Paus. I. cc. ) From Diodorus, it would seem
who is referred to by Pliny as one of the sources that a year, during which Automenes was king,
of his Natural History. (Elenchus, lib. viii. x. xiv. elapsed before the actual establishment of oligarchy.
xv. xvii. xviii. )
According to the same author, this forin of govern-
BACCHEIUS (Barxeios), surnamed Senior ment, with annual prytanes elected from and by
(ó yépwr), the author of a short musical treatise the Bacchiadae, lasted for ninety years (747–657);
in the form of a catechism, called cloaywy nor does it appear on what grounds a period of 200
Téxins poveikis. We know nothing of his his- years is assigned to it by Strabo. (Strab. viü. p.
tory. Fabricius (Bill. Graec. ii. p. 260, &c. ) gives 378; Müll. Dor. Append. ix. note x. ) It was in-
a list of persons of the same name, and conjectures deed of too narrow and exclusive a kind to be of
that he may have been the Baccheius mentioned by any very long duration ; the members of the ruling
M. Aurelius Antoninus (de Rebus suis, i. 6) as his clan intermarried only with one another (Herod. v.
first instructor. The treatise consists of brief and 92); and their downfall was moreover hastened by
clear explanations of the principal subjects belong their excessive luxury (Ael
. V. H. i. 19), as well
ing to Harmonics and Rhythm.
Baccheius reckons as by their insolence and oppression, of which the
seven modes (pp. 12, 18), corresponding to the atrocious outrage that drove Archias from Corinth,
seven species of octave anciently called by the and led to the founding of Syracuse and Corcyra,
Hence Meibomius (praef. in Arist. is probably no very unfair specimen. (Diod. Exc.
Quint. ) supposes that he lived after Ptolemy, who de Virt. et. Vit. 228; Plut. Amat p. 772, e. ; Schol.
adopts the same system, and before Manuel ad Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1212. ) On their deposition
Bryennius, in whose time an eighth (the Hyper-by Cypselus, with the help of the lower orders
mixolydian) had been added. But the former (Herod. v. 92 ; Aristot. Polit. v. 10, 12, ed.
supposition does not seem to rest on satisfactory Bekk. ), they were for the most part driven into
grounds.
banishment, and are said to have taken refuge in
The Greek text of Baccheius was first edited by different parts of Greece, and even Italy. (Plat.
Marinus Mersennus, in his Commentary on the Lysand. c. 1 ; Liv. i. 34; comp. Niebuhr, Hist. of
first six chapters of Genesis. (Paris, 1623, fol. , Rome, vol. i. 366, &c. ) Some of them, how.
p. 1887. ) It was also printed in a separate form, ever, appear to have still remained at Corinth,
with a Latin version, by Frederic Morelli, Paris, if we may consider as a Bacchiad the Heracleid
1623, 8vo. , and lastly by Meibomius, in the Anti- Phalius, who led the colony to Epidamnus in
quae Musicae Auctores Septem, Amst. 1652. An B. C. 627. (Thuc. i. 24. ) As men of the greatest
anonymous Greek epigram, in which Baccheius is distinction among the Bacchiadae, may be men-
mentioned, is printed by Meibomius in his preface, tioned Philolaus, the legislator of Thebes, about
from the same manuscript which contained the B. C. 728 (Aristot. Polit. ii
. 12, ed. Bekk. ), and
text ; also by Fabricius. (l. c. ) (W. F. D. ] Eumelus, the cyclic poet (Paus. ii. 1, 3, ir. 33;
BACCHEIUS (Barxeios), one of the earliest Athen. i. p. 22, c. ; Schol. ad Pind. Olymp. xij. 30;
commentators on the writings of Hippocrates, was Müll. Hist. of Greek Lit. c. x. $ 2. ) Strabo tells
a native of Tanagra in Boeotia. (Erot. Gloss. Hipe us also (vii. p. 326), that the Lyncestian kings
poer. p. 8. ) He was a follower of Herophilus (Gal. claimed descent from the Bacchiadae.
[E. E. ]
Comment. in Hippocr. “Aphor. " vii. 70. vol. xviii. BA'CCHIDES (Baxxidns), an eunuch of Mi-
pt. i. p. 187), and a contemporary of Philinus, thridates. After the defeat of the latter by
and must therefore have lived in the third century Lucullus, Mithridates in despair sent Bacchides to
Of his writings (which were both valuable put his wives and sisters to death, B. C. 71. (Plut.
and interesting) nothing remains but a few frag- Lucull. 18, &c. ) Appian (Mith. 82) calls the
ments preserved by Erotianus and Galen, by whom eunuch Bacchus. The Bacchides, who was the
he is frequently mentioned. (Erot. Gloss. Hippocr. governor of Sinope, at the time when this town
pp. 8, 32, 38, &c. ; Gal. Comment. in Hippocr. was besieged by Lucullus, is probably the same as
Epid. VI. ” i. prooem. vol. xvii. pt. i. p. 794; the above. (Sirab. xii. p. 546. )
Comment. in Hippocr. “de Med. Offic. " i. prooem. BACCHUS. [DIONYSUS. )
vol. xviij. p. ii. p. 631. )
[W. A. G. ] BACCHY'LIDES (Baxxutions). 1. One of
BACCHI'ADAE (Baxyıádai), a Heracleid clan, the great lyric poets of Greece, was a native of
derived their name from Bacchis, who was king of Tulis in the island of Ceos, and the nephew as well
Corinth from 926 to 891 B. C. , and retained the as fellow-townsman of Simonides. (Strab. X. p.
supreme rule in that state, first under a monarchical 426; Steph. Byz. $. v. 'lovais. ) His father is va-
form of government, and next as a close oligarchy, riously called Medon (Suidas, s. v. Baxxurions),
till their deposition by Cypselus, about B. C. 657. Meilon (Epigr. in novem Lyr. ap. Bockh, Schol
.
Diodorus (Fragm. 6), in his list of the Heracleid | Pind. p. 8), or Meidylus (Etym. M. p. 582. 20):
kings, seems to imply that Bacchis was a lineal | his paternal grandfather was the athlete Bac-
descendent from Aletes, who in B. C. 1074 deposed chylides. We know nothing of his life, except
the Sisyphidae and made himself master of Corintb that he lived at the court of Hiero in Syracuse,
.
"
B. C.
## p. 451 (#471) ############################################
BACCHYLUS.
BACHIARIUS.
451
9
togсther with Simonides and Pindar. (Aelian, V. | Jerome, de Viris Nlustr. c. 44, and the note of E.
H. iv. 15. ) Euscbius makes bim flourish in B. c.
to Axius, and Gellius speaks (vii. 3) of a letter speaks (Praef. ) of Babrius before Phaedrus.
which Tiro, the freedman of Cicero, wrote to Axius, The work of Babrius, which was in Choliambic
the friend of his patron. Axius was a man of wealth, verses (see p. 47, b. ), was called Múño. and Mu
and was accustomed to lend money, if at least the Diaubou, and was comprised in ten books according
Axius to whom Cicero talked of applying in B. C. to Suidas (s. v. Bábpios), or two volumes (volumina)
61 (ad Att. i. 12), is the same as the above. In according to Avianus. His version, which is one
B. C. 49, however, we find that Axius was in of no ordinary merit, seems to have been the basis
Cicero's debt. (ad Att. x. 11, 13, 15. )
of all the Aesopean fables which have come down
AXUR. (ANXUR. ]
to us in various forms. Later writers of Aesopean
AZAN ('Afár), a son of Arcas and the nymph fables, such as Maximus Planudes, probably turn-
Erato, was the brother of Apheidas and Elatus, ed the poems of Babrius into prose, but they did
and father of Cleitor. The part of Arcadia which it in so clumsy a manner, that many choliambic
he received from his father was called, after him, verses may still be traced in their fables, as Bentley
Azania After his death, funeral games, which has shewn in his dissertation on Aesop's fables.
were believed to have been the first in Greece, (AESOPUS, p. 48, a. ) Bentley was the first writer
were celebrated in his honour. (Paus. viii. 4. &S 2, who called the attention of the learned to this fact,
3, v. 1. $ 6; Steph. Byz. s. v. 'AŠávia. ) [L. S. ] which was proved still more clearly by Tyrwhitt
AZANI'TES ('AŠavions), a physician whose in his dissertation “De Babrio, Fabularum Aeso-
medical formulae appear to have enjoyed some ce- pearum Scriptore," Lond. 1776, reprinted at Erlan-
lebrity, as they are quoted with approbation by gen, 1785, ed. Harles. To this treatise Tyrwhitt
Galen (de Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. v. 2. vol. xiii. added the fragments of Babrius, which were but
p. 784), Oribasius (Synops. iii. p. 43), Aëtius (Te few in pumber and chiefly taken from Suidas ; but
trab. iv. Serm. ii. 34. p. 705, and Tetrab. iv. Serm. several of his complete poems have been discovered
iii. 21. p. 772), Paulus Aegineta (iv. 55, p. 530, in a Florentine and Vatican MS. , and were first
vii. 19, p. 686), and others. As Galen is the ear- published by de Furia under the title of " Fabulae
liest writer by whom he is mentioned, he must Aesopicae, quales ante Planudem ferebantur,"
have lived some time in or before the second cen- Flor. 1809. They have also been edited by J. Gl.
tury after Christ.
(W. A. G. ) Schneider, “ Aesopi Fabulae, cum Fabulis Babrii,"
AZEMILCUS ('ASéukos), king of Tyre, was Vratisl. 1812; by Berger, Babplov uúowv Xwliau.
serving in the Persian fleet under Autophradates Bikwv Bibaía Tpla, &c. , Monach. 1816; and by
at the time when Alexander arrived at Tyre, B. C. Knoch,“ Babrii Fabulae et Fabularum Fragmenta,"
332. He was in the city when it was taken, but Halis Sax. 1835.
his life was spared by Alexander. (Arrian, ii. 15, BABU'LLIUS. [BACILLUS. )
24. )
BABYS (Bábus). 1. The same according to
AZE'SIA ('Agnola), a surname of Demeter and Hellanicus (ap. Athen. xv. p. 680, a. ) as the Egyp
Persephone, which is derived either from a šalverv | tian Typhon. [Typhon. ]
2G
## p. 450 (#470) ############################################
450
BACCHIADAE.
BACCHYLIDES.
&
same names.
2. The father of Pherecydes. (Strab. x. p. 487; |(Wess. ad Diod. I. c. ; Pind. Olymp. xiii. 17; Schol.
Diog. Laërt. i. 116. [PHERECYDES. ]
ad Pind. Nem. vii. 155; Paus. ii. 4; Müll. Dor.
3. A flute-player, who gave occasion to the pro- i. 5. & 9); while from Pausanias (1. c. ) it would
verb against bad flute-players," lle plays worse rather appear, that Bacchis was the founder of a
than Babys. ” (Athen. xiv. p. 624, b. ; comp. Zenob. new, though still a Heracleid, dynasty. In his line
iv. 81. )
the throne continued till, in B. c. 748. Telestes was
BACCHEIDAS (Baryeidas), of Sicyon, a murdered by Arieus and Perantas, who were them-
dancer and teacher of music, in honour of whom selves Bacchiads, and were perhaps merely the in-
there is an ancient epigram of four lines preserved struments of a general conspiracy of the clan to
by Athenaeus. (xiv. p. 629, a. )
gain for their body a larger share of power than
BACCHEIUS or BACCHI'US, of Miletus, the they enjoyed under the regal constitution. (Diod.
author of a work on agriculture (Var. R. R. i. 1), and Paus. I. cc. ) From Diodorus, it would seem
who is referred to by Pliny as one of the sources that a year, during which Automenes was king,
of his Natural History. (Elenchus, lib. viii. x. xiv. elapsed before the actual establishment of oligarchy.
xv. xvii. xviii. )
According to the same author, this forin of govern-
BACCHEIUS (Barxeios), surnamed Senior ment, with annual prytanes elected from and by
(ó yépwr), the author of a short musical treatise the Bacchiadae, lasted for ninety years (747–657);
in the form of a catechism, called cloaywy nor does it appear on what grounds a period of 200
Téxins poveikis. We know nothing of his his- years is assigned to it by Strabo. (Strab. viü. p.
tory. Fabricius (Bill. Graec. ii. p. 260, &c. ) gives 378; Müll. Dor. Append. ix. note x. ) It was in-
a list of persons of the same name, and conjectures deed of too narrow and exclusive a kind to be of
that he may have been the Baccheius mentioned by any very long duration ; the members of the ruling
M. Aurelius Antoninus (de Rebus suis, i. 6) as his clan intermarried only with one another (Herod. v.
first instructor. The treatise consists of brief and 92); and their downfall was moreover hastened by
clear explanations of the principal subjects belong their excessive luxury (Ael
. V. H. i. 19), as well
ing to Harmonics and Rhythm.
Baccheius reckons as by their insolence and oppression, of which the
seven modes (pp. 12, 18), corresponding to the atrocious outrage that drove Archias from Corinth,
seven species of octave anciently called by the and led to the founding of Syracuse and Corcyra,
Hence Meibomius (praef. in Arist. is probably no very unfair specimen. (Diod. Exc.
Quint. ) supposes that he lived after Ptolemy, who de Virt. et. Vit. 228; Plut. Amat p. 772, e. ; Schol.
adopts the same system, and before Manuel ad Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1212. ) On their deposition
Bryennius, in whose time an eighth (the Hyper-by Cypselus, with the help of the lower orders
mixolydian) had been added. But the former (Herod. v. 92 ; Aristot. Polit. v. 10, 12, ed.
supposition does not seem to rest on satisfactory Bekk. ), they were for the most part driven into
grounds.
banishment, and are said to have taken refuge in
The Greek text of Baccheius was first edited by different parts of Greece, and even Italy. (Plat.
Marinus Mersennus, in his Commentary on the Lysand. c. 1 ; Liv. i. 34; comp. Niebuhr, Hist. of
first six chapters of Genesis. (Paris, 1623, fol. , Rome, vol. i. 366, &c. ) Some of them, how.
p. 1887. ) It was also printed in a separate form, ever, appear to have still remained at Corinth,
with a Latin version, by Frederic Morelli, Paris, if we may consider as a Bacchiad the Heracleid
1623, 8vo. , and lastly by Meibomius, in the Anti- Phalius, who led the colony to Epidamnus in
quae Musicae Auctores Septem, Amst. 1652. An B. C. 627. (Thuc. i. 24. ) As men of the greatest
anonymous Greek epigram, in which Baccheius is distinction among the Bacchiadae, may be men-
mentioned, is printed by Meibomius in his preface, tioned Philolaus, the legislator of Thebes, about
from the same manuscript which contained the B. C. 728 (Aristot. Polit. ii
. 12, ed. Bekk. ), and
text ; also by Fabricius. (l. c. ) (W. F. D. ] Eumelus, the cyclic poet (Paus. ii. 1, 3, ir. 33;
BACCHEIUS (Barxeios), one of the earliest Athen. i. p. 22, c. ; Schol. ad Pind. Olymp. xij. 30;
commentators on the writings of Hippocrates, was Müll. Hist. of Greek Lit. c. x. $ 2. ) Strabo tells
a native of Tanagra in Boeotia. (Erot. Gloss. Hipe us also (vii. p. 326), that the Lyncestian kings
poer. p. 8. ) He was a follower of Herophilus (Gal. claimed descent from the Bacchiadae.
[E. E. ]
Comment. in Hippocr. “Aphor. " vii. 70. vol. xviii. BA'CCHIDES (Baxxidns), an eunuch of Mi-
pt. i. p. 187), and a contemporary of Philinus, thridates. After the defeat of the latter by
and must therefore have lived in the third century Lucullus, Mithridates in despair sent Bacchides to
Of his writings (which were both valuable put his wives and sisters to death, B. C. 71. (Plut.
and interesting) nothing remains but a few frag- Lucull. 18, &c. ) Appian (Mith. 82) calls the
ments preserved by Erotianus and Galen, by whom eunuch Bacchus. The Bacchides, who was the
he is frequently mentioned. (Erot. Gloss. Hippocr. governor of Sinope, at the time when this town
pp. 8, 32, 38, &c. ; Gal. Comment. in Hippocr. was besieged by Lucullus, is probably the same as
Epid. VI. ” i. prooem. vol. xvii. pt. i. p. 794; the above. (Sirab. xii. p. 546. )
Comment. in Hippocr. “de Med. Offic. " i. prooem. BACCHUS. [DIONYSUS. )
vol. xviij. p. ii. p. 631. )
[W. A. G. ] BACCHY'LIDES (Baxxutions). 1. One of
BACCHI'ADAE (Baxyıádai), a Heracleid clan, the great lyric poets of Greece, was a native of
derived their name from Bacchis, who was king of Tulis in the island of Ceos, and the nephew as well
Corinth from 926 to 891 B. C. , and retained the as fellow-townsman of Simonides. (Strab. X. p.
supreme rule in that state, first under a monarchical 426; Steph. Byz. $. v. 'lovais. ) His father is va-
form of government, and next as a close oligarchy, riously called Medon (Suidas, s. v. Baxxurions),
till their deposition by Cypselus, about B. C. 657. Meilon (Epigr. in novem Lyr. ap. Bockh, Schol
.
Diodorus (Fragm. 6), in his list of the Heracleid | Pind. p. 8), or Meidylus (Etym. M. p. 582. 20):
kings, seems to imply that Bacchis was a lineal | his paternal grandfather was the athlete Bac-
descendent from Aletes, who in B. C. 1074 deposed chylides. We know nothing of his life, except
the Sisyphidae and made himself master of Corintb that he lived at the court of Hiero in Syracuse,
.
"
B. C.
## p. 451 (#471) ############################################
BACCHYLUS.
BACHIARIUS.
451
9
togсther with Simonides and Pindar. (Aelian, V. | Jerome, de Viris Nlustr. c. 44, and the note of E.
H. iv. 15. ) Euscbius makes bim flourish in B. c.
