1-9; Whitley
1994; Snodgrass 2000a [1988].
1994; Snodgrass 2000a [1988].
Ancient-greek-cults-a-guide
189-92; Sporn 2002.
277-78.
24 Ant. Lib. Met. 40; Paus. 2. 30. 3.
25 IG IV 1582; Schwandner 1976;Williams 1981, 1982.
26 Sinn 1988; Hoffelner 1999; Figueira 1991. 31-39.
27 Rudhardt 1999. 43-57.
28 Paus. 9. 25. 4 (Thebes); Miller 1974; Schachter 1981-, Vol. 3. 50-52.
29 Davies EGF 31, 37-38 (summary of Proclus and Cypria fr. 7); Stafford 2000. 45-
73.
219
NOTES
30 Cratinus frs. 114-27 Kassel-Austin PCG; Friendly and Karapanayiotis 1973; Petrakos 1991. 14-31; Lapatin 1992; Stafford 2000. 75-110.
31 Figueira 1993. 57-58.
32 Figueira 1991. 31-39.
14 ANOMALOUS IMMORTALS: HERO-GODS AND HEROINE-GODDESSES
1 Burkert 1979. 78-98; Salowey 2002 (Mycenaean).
2 Jourdain-Annequin 1986, 1992b.
3 Farnell 1921. 95-145, 155-74; Nilsson 1923, 1951 Vol. 1. 348-54 (Mt. Oita);
Verbanck-Pie? rard 1989; Le? ve^que and Verbanck-Pie? rard 1992; Georgoudi 1998.
4 Pache 2004. 49-57; Leitao 2002.
5 Boardman 1972, 1975, 1989; Vanderpool 1942, 1966.
6 Ath. 6. 234d-e (parasites); Woodford 1971. 215-19.
7 Wycherley 1959; Woodford 1976. 218-19; Georgoudi 1998.
8 IG I3 1016; Isaeus 9. 30 (thiasos of Herakles); Hch. and Phot. s. v. oiniste ? ria
(libation); Walter 1937; Woodford 1971. 214-15 (shrines); Tagalidou 1993. 7-
49.
9 Bonnet 1985, 1988. 346-71. Cf. Paus. 7. 5. 5-8; Graf 1985. 296-316 (Erythrai).
10 Launey 1944; Bergquist 1973, 1998; Courtils and Pariente 1988; Scullion 2000. 166-67.
11 Clem. Alex. Protr. 42 (statue); Salowey 1995. 21.
12 Paus. 3. 15. 3-9; Malkin 1994. 15-45.
13 Thuc. 5. 64. 5, 5. 66. 1 (Mantineia); Xen. Hell. 7. 1. 31 (Eutresis); Paus. 3. 14. 6-8
(Dromos, Planes).
14 Meiggs and Lewis 1969, no. 38; Martin 1979; Jourdain-Annequin 1992b. For
Italy, see the sixth-century dedication of Nikomachos: IG XIV 652 (Meta-
pontion).
15 Bonnet 1985; Burkert 1992. 87, n. 27; Tagalidou 1993. 104-22.
16 Farnell 1916, 1921. 35-47.
17 Lyons 1997. 64-67, 122-24; Pache 2004. 149-52.
18 Conon FGrH 26 F 1. 33 (Miletos); Graf 1985. 405-6.
19 Paus. 1. 42. 7 (Megara), 3. 23. 8 (Lakonia); Bonnet 1986; Kardulias 2001.
20 Gallet de Santerre 1958. 265-66; Hermary 1978. 56-62; Furley and Bremer 2001
Vol. 1. 166-71, 2. 117-19.
21 Ward 1970; West 1975; Sansone 1991.
22 Hdt. 5. 75 (kings); Plat. Leg. 796b (dance); Plut. Vit. Lyc. 15. 3 (bride-capture);
Farnell 1921. 229-33; Pendergraft and Hartigan 1994; Calame 1997. 187-91.
23 Tod and Wace 1906 nos. 7-15, 113-18, etc. ; Pirzio Birolli Stefanelli 1977; Guarducci 1984; Auge? and Linant de Bellefonds 1986 nos. 58-64 (Lakonian reliefs), 66-70 (Tarentine plaques). Another series of plaques in Messene: Themelis
1998.
24 Jeffery 1961. 210; Camp 1978.
25 Simon. fr. 11 West IE2; Paus. 4. 16. 5, 9 (Aristomenes); Strabo 6. 1. 10 (Sagra); van
Compernolle 1969; Sordi 1972b; Lorenz 1992; Moscati Castelnuovo 1995;
Hornblower 2001. 140-47.
26 Cf. Ath. 4. 147e; Jameson 1994.
27 Plat. Phdr. 243a-b; Isoc. Helen 64; Davies 1982.
28 Theoc. Id. 18. 1-8, 39-44 (Dromos and Planes). Cf. Paus. 3. 19. 9 (Rhodes); Calame
1997. 191-202; Larson 2001. 64-70, 80-83.
29 West 1975. 5-6; Catling 1976; Antonaccio 1995. 155-66.
220
NOTES
30 Chapouthier 1935. 132-51; Kearns 1989. 148, 158.
31 Edelstein and Edelstein 1975. 53-64, T 337.
32 Lambrinoudakis 2002.
33 Edelstein and Edelstein 1975. 76-91; Stafford 2000. 147-71.
34 LiDonnici 1992a, 1995. 85, 93.
35 SEG 32 (1982) 266; Ov. Met. 15. 626-744 (Rome); Paus. 2. 10. 3 (Sikyon), 3. 23. 7 (Epidauros Limera).
36 Beschi 1967-68, 1985; Aleshire 1989. 7-51; Garland 1992. 116-35.
37 van Straten 1995. 63-72.
15 THE POWERFUL DEAD: HEROES AND HEROINES
1 Ekroth 2000, 2002. 140-50, 242-69; Kearns 1989. 144, 149, 159, etc.
2 Morris 1988; Alcock 1991; Malkin 1993; Antonaccio 1994, 1995.
1-9; Whitley
1994; Snodgrass 2000a [1988].
3 Broneer 1942; Lambrinoudakis 1988; Carter 1997; Antonaccio 1995. 199-243.
4 Nagy 1979. 142-50; Lyons 1997. 71-77.
5 Antonaccio 1994; Larson 1995b. 83-84; Salapata 1997, 2002.
6 Jameson 1990; Antonaccio 1995. 147-52; Hall 1999. 55-57.
7 Antonaccio 1995. 152-55.
8 Ha? gg 1987; Antonaccio 1995. 166-69.
9 Mattusch 1988. 38-58; Kearns 1989. 83-92.
10 Paus. 3. 11. 10, 7. 1. 3; Boedeker 1998; McCauley 1999.
11 Pherecydes FGrH 3 F 84; Plut. De gen. 577e-579a; Vit. Lys. 28. 4-5; Schachter
1981-, Vol. 1. 13-16; Larson 1995. 92-93. A third claim by Megara: Paus.
1. 41. 1.
12 Brelich 1958. 129-51.
13 Cypria fr. 19 Davies EGF; Gantz 1993. 577-78.
14 Robert 1953; Gallet de Santerre 1958. 173-77, 268-70; Abramson 1978. 132-
35.
15 Hdt. 5. 89. 2, 8. 64. 1; Abramson 1978. 115; Figueira 1993. 83-84, 277; Stroud
1993, 1998. 85-108.
16 Malkin 1987. 204-60, 1994. 169-80; Antonaccio 1999; Calame 2003. 107-8.
17 Edmunds 1981; Henrichs 1983b; Kearns 1989. 208-9.
18 Fontenrose 1968.
19 Paus. 6. 6. 7-10; Visintin 1992. 9-30 (other primary sources); Cordiano 1998;
Tejeiro and Tejada 2000; Redfield 2003. 245-51.
20 Brelich 1958. 106-13; Visser 1982.
21 SEG 22 (1967) 370; Petropoulou 1981; Schachter 1981-, Vol. 1. 19-26.
22 Clark 1968; Schachter 1981-, Vol. 3. 66-89, 1984; Bonneche`re 1999, 2002.
23 Pind. Nem. 4. 49-50; Farnell 1921. 285-89; Diehl 1953; Nagy 1979. 167, 206;
Hommel 1980; Pinney 1983; Hedreen 1991.
24 Kearns 1989. 117-24; Simon 1996. 19-21; Calame 1996. 121-30; Connor 1996.
221
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abramson, Herbert. 1978. Greek hero shrines. Diss. University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA.
Accame, Silvio. 1941-43. Iscrizioni del Cabirio di Lemno. ASAA 19-21:75-105. Adamesteanu, D. 1970. ARGOI LITHOI a Metaponto. In Adriatica praehistorica et
antiqua, ed. G. Novaku et al. , 307-24.
Akurgal, Ekrem. 1983. Alt-Smyrna. Ankara: Tu? rk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi.
Alcock, Susan E. 1991. Tomb cult and the post-Classical polis. AJA 95 (3):447-67. Alcock, Susan E. , and Robin Osborne, eds. 1994. Placing the gods: sanctuaries and
sacred space in ancient Greece. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Alcock, Susan E. , John F. Cherry, and Jas Elsner, eds. 2001. Pausanias: travel and
memory in Roman Greece. New York: Oxford University Press.
Aleshire, Sara B. 1989. The Athenian Asklepieion: The people, their dedications, and
the inventories. Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben.
Amandry, Pierre. 1950. La mantique apollinienne a` Delphes: essai sur le
fonctionnement de l'oracle. Paris: E. de Boccard.
Antonaccio, Carla M. 1994. Contesting the past: Hero cult, tomb cult and epic in
early Greece. AJA 98 (3):389-410.
---- 1995. An archaeology of ancestors: Tomb cult and hero cult in early Greece,
Greek studies. Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
---- 1999. Colonization and the origins of hero cult. In Ancient Greek hero cult, ed.
R. Ha? gg, 109-21.
Antonetti, Claudia. 1990. Les E? toliens: Image et religion. Paris: Les Belles Lettres. Arafat, K. W. 1996. Pausanias' Greece: Ancient artists and Roman rulers. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Assante, Julia. 2003. From whores to hierodules: The historiographic invention of
Mesopotamian female sex professionals. In Ancient art and its historiography, ed.
A. A. Donohue and M. D. Fullerton, 13-47.
Assman, J. and A. I. Baumgarten, eds. 2001. Representation in religion: Studies in
honor of Moshe Barasch. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Atallah, W. 1966. Adonis dans la litte? rature et l'art grecs. Paris: C. Klincksieck. Athanassakis, Apostolos. 1989. From the phallic cairn to shepherd god and divine
herald. Eranos 87:33-49.
Auberson, Paul. 1968. Temple d'Apollon Daphne? phoros: Architecture. Eretria;
fouilles et recherches, l. Berne: E? ditions Francke.
---- 1974. La reconstitution du Daphne? phore? ion d'E? re? trie. AK 17:60-68. Auge? , C. , and P.
24 Ant. Lib. Met. 40; Paus. 2. 30. 3.
25 IG IV 1582; Schwandner 1976;Williams 1981, 1982.
26 Sinn 1988; Hoffelner 1999; Figueira 1991. 31-39.
27 Rudhardt 1999. 43-57.
28 Paus. 9. 25. 4 (Thebes); Miller 1974; Schachter 1981-, Vol. 3. 50-52.
29 Davies EGF 31, 37-38 (summary of Proclus and Cypria fr. 7); Stafford 2000. 45-
73.
219
NOTES
30 Cratinus frs. 114-27 Kassel-Austin PCG; Friendly and Karapanayiotis 1973; Petrakos 1991. 14-31; Lapatin 1992; Stafford 2000. 75-110.
31 Figueira 1993. 57-58.
32 Figueira 1991. 31-39.
14 ANOMALOUS IMMORTALS: HERO-GODS AND HEROINE-GODDESSES
1 Burkert 1979. 78-98; Salowey 2002 (Mycenaean).
2 Jourdain-Annequin 1986, 1992b.
3 Farnell 1921. 95-145, 155-74; Nilsson 1923, 1951 Vol. 1. 348-54 (Mt. Oita);
Verbanck-Pie? rard 1989; Le? ve^que and Verbanck-Pie? rard 1992; Georgoudi 1998.
4 Pache 2004. 49-57; Leitao 2002.
5 Boardman 1972, 1975, 1989; Vanderpool 1942, 1966.
6 Ath. 6. 234d-e (parasites); Woodford 1971. 215-19.
7 Wycherley 1959; Woodford 1976. 218-19; Georgoudi 1998.
8 IG I3 1016; Isaeus 9. 30 (thiasos of Herakles); Hch. and Phot. s. v. oiniste ? ria
(libation); Walter 1937; Woodford 1971. 214-15 (shrines); Tagalidou 1993. 7-
49.
9 Bonnet 1985, 1988. 346-71. Cf. Paus. 7. 5. 5-8; Graf 1985. 296-316 (Erythrai).
10 Launey 1944; Bergquist 1973, 1998; Courtils and Pariente 1988; Scullion 2000. 166-67.
11 Clem. Alex. Protr. 42 (statue); Salowey 1995. 21.
12 Paus. 3. 15. 3-9; Malkin 1994. 15-45.
13 Thuc. 5. 64. 5, 5. 66. 1 (Mantineia); Xen. Hell. 7. 1. 31 (Eutresis); Paus. 3. 14. 6-8
(Dromos, Planes).
14 Meiggs and Lewis 1969, no. 38; Martin 1979; Jourdain-Annequin 1992b. For
Italy, see the sixth-century dedication of Nikomachos: IG XIV 652 (Meta-
pontion).
15 Bonnet 1985; Burkert 1992. 87, n. 27; Tagalidou 1993. 104-22.
16 Farnell 1916, 1921. 35-47.
17 Lyons 1997. 64-67, 122-24; Pache 2004. 149-52.
18 Conon FGrH 26 F 1. 33 (Miletos); Graf 1985. 405-6.
19 Paus. 1. 42. 7 (Megara), 3. 23. 8 (Lakonia); Bonnet 1986; Kardulias 2001.
20 Gallet de Santerre 1958. 265-66; Hermary 1978. 56-62; Furley and Bremer 2001
Vol. 1. 166-71, 2. 117-19.
21 Ward 1970; West 1975; Sansone 1991.
22 Hdt. 5. 75 (kings); Plat. Leg. 796b (dance); Plut. Vit. Lyc. 15. 3 (bride-capture);
Farnell 1921. 229-33; Pendergraft and Hartigan 1994; Calame 1997. 187-91.
23 Tod and Wace 1906 nos. 7-15, 113-18, etc. ; Pirzio Birolli Stefanelli 1977; Guarducci 1984; Auge? and Linant de Bellefonds 1986 nos. 58-64 (Lakonian reliefs), 66-70 (Tarentine plaques). Another series of plaques in Messene: Themelis
1998.
24 Jeffery 1961. 210; Camp 1978.
25 Simon. fr. 11 West IE2; Paus. 4. 16. 5, 9 (Aristomenes); Strabo 6. 1. 10 (Sagra); van
Compernolle 1969; Sordi 1972b; Lorenz 1992; Moscati Castelnuovo 1995;
Hornblower 2001. 140-47.
26 Cf. Ath. 4. 147e; Jameson 1994.
27 Plat. Phdr. 243a-b; Isoc. Helen 64; Davies 1982.
28 Theoc. Id. 18. 1-8, 39-44 (Dromos and Planes). Cf. Paus. 3. 19. 9 (Rhodes); Calame
1997. 191-202; Larson 2001. 64-70, 80-83.
29 West 1975. 5-6; Catling 1976; Antonaccio 1995. 155-66.
220
NOTES
30 Chapouthier 1935. 132-51; Kearns 1989. 148, 158.
31 Edelstein and Edelstein 1975. 53-64, T 337.
32 Lambrinoudakis 2002.
33 Edelstein and Edelstein 1975. 76-91; Stafford 2000. 147-71.
34 LiDonnici 1992a, 1995. 85, 93.
35 SEG 32 (1982) 266; Ov. Met. 15. 626-744 (Rome); Paus. 2. 10. 3 (Sikyon), 3. 23. 7 (Epidauros Limera).
36 Beschi 1967-68, 1985; Aleshire 1989. 7-51; Garland 1992. 116-35.
37 van Straten 1995. 63-72.
15 THE POWERFUL DEAD: HEROES AND HEROINES
1 Ekroth 2000, 2002. 140-50, 242-69; Kearns 1989. 144, 149, 159, etc.
2 Morris 1988; Alcock 1991; Malkin 1993; Antonaccio 1994, 1995.
1-9; Whitley
1994; Snodgrass 2000a [1988].
3 Broneer 1942; Lambrinoudakis 1988; Carter 1997; Antonaccio 1995. 199-243.
4 Nagy 1979. 142-50; Lyons 1997. 71-77.
5 Antonaccio 1994; Larson 1995b. 83-84; Salapata 1997, 2002.
6 Jameson 1990; Antonaccio 1995. 147-52; Hall 1999. 55-57.
7 Antonaccio 1995. 152-55.
8 Ha? gg 1987; Antonaccio 1995. 166-69.
9 Mattusch 1988. 38-58; Kearns 1989. 83-92.
10 Paus. 3. 11. 10, 7. 1. 3; Boedeker 1998; McCauley 1999.
11 Pherecydes FGrH 3 F 84; Plut. De gen. 577e-579a; Vit. Lys. 28. 4-5; Schachter
1981-, Vol. 1. 13-16; Larson 1995. 92-93. A third claim by Megara: Paus.
1. 41. 1.
12 Brelich 1958. 129-51.
13 Cypria fr. 19 Davies EGF; Gantz 1993. 577-78.
14 Robert 1953; Gallet de Santerre 1958. 173-77, 268-70; Abramson 1978. 132-
35.
15 Hdt. 5. 89. 2, 8. 64. 1; Abramson 1978. 115; Figueira 1993. 83-84, 277; Stroud
1993, 1998. 85-108.
16 Malkin 1987. 204-60, 1994. 169-80; Antonaccio 1999; Calame 2003. 107-8.
17 Edmunds 1981; Henrichs 1983b; Kearns 1989. 208-9.
18 Fontenrose 1968.
19 Paus. 6. 6. 7-10; Visintin 1992. 9-30 (other primary sources); Cordiano 1998;
Tejeiro and Tejada 2000; Redfield 2003. 245-51.
20 Brelich 1958. 106-13; Visser 1982.
21 SEG 22 (1967) 370; Petropoulou 1981; Schachter 1981-, Vol. 1. 19-26.
22 Clark 1968; Schachter 1981-, Vol. 3. 66-89, 1984; Bonneche`re 1999, 2002.
23 Pind. Nem. 4. 49-50; Farnell 1921. 285-89; Diehl 1953; Nagy 1979. 167, 206;
Hommel 1980; Pinney 1983; Hedreen 1991.
24 Kearns 1989. 117-24; Simon 1996. 19-21; Calame 1996. 121-30; Connor 1996.
221
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abramson, Herbert. 1978. Greek hero shrines. Diss. University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley CA.
Accame, Silvio. 1941-43. Iscrizioni del Cabirio di Lemno. ASAA 19-21:75-105. Adamesteanu, D. 1970. ARGOI LITHOI a Metaponto. In Adriatica praehistorica et
antiqua, ed. G. Novaku et al. , 307-24.
Akurgal, Ekrem. 1983. Alt-Smyrna. Ankara: Tu? rk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi.
Alcock, Susan E. 1991. Tomb cult and the post-Classical polis. AJA 95 (3):447-67. Alcock, Susan E. , and Robin Osborne, eds. 1994. Placing the gods: sanctuaries and
sacred space in ancient Greece. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Alcock, Susan E. , John F. Cherry, and Jas Elsner, eds. 2001. Pausanias: travel and
memory in Roman Greece. New York: Oxford University Press.
Aleshire, Sara B. 1989. The Athenian Asklepieion: The people, their dedications, and
the inventories. Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben.
Amandry, Pierre. 1950. La mantique apollinienne a` Delphes: essai sur le
fonctionnement de l'oracle. Paris: E. de Boccard.
Antonaccio, Carla M. 1994. Contesting the past: Hero cult, tomb cult and epic in
early Greece. AJA 98 (3):389-410.
---- 1995. An archaeology of ancestors: Tomb cult and hero cult in early Greece,
Greek studies. Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
---- 1999. Colonization and the origins of hero cult. In Ancient Greek hero cult, ed.
R. Ha? gg, 109-21.
Antonetti, Claudia. 1990. Les E? toliens: Image et religion. Paris: Les Belles Lettres. Arafat, K. W. 1996. Pausanias' Greece: Ancient artists and Roman rulers. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Assante, Julia. 2003. From whores to hierodules: The historiographic invention of
Mesopotamian female sex professionals. In Ancient art and its historiography, ed.
A. A. Donohue and M. D. Fullerton, 13-47.
Assman, J. and A. I. Baumgarten, eds. 2001. Representation in religion: Studies in
honor of Moshe Barasch. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Atallah, W. 1966. Adonis dans la litte? rature et l'art grecs. Paris: C. Klincksieck. Athanassakis, Apostolos. 1989. From the phallic cairn to shepherd god and divine
herald. Eranos 87:33-49.
Auberson, Paul. 1968. Temple d'Apollon Daphne? phoros: Architecture. Eretria;
fouilles et recherches, l. Berne: E? ditions Francke.
---- 1974. La reconstitution du Daphne? phore? ion d'E? re? trie. AK 17:60-68. Auge? , C. , and P.
