No More Learning

Who thereupon informed him, that might
the way protestation, and one
sent Rome, who might take the oath, and
every thing my name. Which when un
derstood, said, should super animam
suam and indeed, bona fide made my pro Inartyr decreed Contumar, that sturdily, fro testation, that did not acknowledge his autho wardly, and wilfully absent, and pain the rity any further, than agreed with the same his absence condemned and put death. express word God, and that might
lawful for me times speak against him,
and impugn his errors, when time and occa
sion should serve me. And this my protesta
enrolled, and there
pope was dated about the day January him also that was mar and was delivered here England about the ried, which confessed. Whereupon Dr. midst February. Upon the receipt which Martin said, that his children were bond-men letters another session was appointed for the
the see Canterbury. At which saying Archbishop appear the 14th day Feb. before
the archbishop smiled, and asked hiu priest certain Counissioners directed down the WOL.
tion did cause think remaineth.
Dr. Thurlby and Dr. Bonner come with new Commission upon the Archbishop the 14th February, 1556.
This Letter sentence definitive the
They objected
said) appear Itoine within fourscore days, make there his personal answers: which
thence was continually was coin
see may these pre
executory unto the king and queen degrade and deprive him his dignity: which thing
did not only before the days were ended,
said the king and queen would send him,
would content do, and
Wherein men that have eyes easily perceive the crafty practice
more, whereas the said Archbishop was first detained strait prison that could not appear (as was notorious both England and also the Romish court) and therefore had lawful and most just excuse his absence
laws, both popish and other: yet the end the said fourscore days, was that wortly
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sog] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARy, 1553–Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [804
queen, the chief whereof was the bishop of Ely, Bonner's chaplains, thy lord I trust to see you Dr. Thurlby. Concerning which lor. Thurlby say moss this. you quoth he? the way here noted, that albeit that shall you never see, nor will ever it. —
was not the said archbishop's houshold chap Then they invested him Inanner robes
lain, yet was familiarly acquainted with
him, dearly beloved, inwardly accepted
and advanced him (not like chaplain, but
rather like natural brother) that there was and old clouts, with mitre and pall the never anything the archbishop's house
dear, were plate, jewel, horse, maps, books, any thing else, but Thurlby did never
same suit done upon him mockery, and then the crosier staff was put his hand.
This done after the pope's pontifical form and subtle kind begging) the manner, Bonner, who the space many and by, either gave him, years had borne, see meth, great good after him his house. will towards him, and now rejoiced see this greaty was the archbishop emainoured with him, day wherein unight triumph over him, and
little commend archbishop shortly sent
that whosoever would obtain any thing him, take his pleasure
full, began
oration sort.
stretch out the assem
the Arch
most commonly would make their way before Dr. Thurlby. Which matter the said
eloquence, making bly, after this inauner
Dr. Thurlby, thought here recite,
much upbraid the man with the vice thankfulness, chiefly and only for this,
and favour the cause and quarrel him This the man who hath pulled down whom was singularly boundcu unto. many churches, and now come judged With the said Dr. Thursby bishop Ely, was church. This the man that condemned also assigned the same commission Dr. Bon the blessed sacrament the altar, and now
ad monish him old benefits received, whereby may the better remember his old benefactor,
“This the man that hath cver despised the pope's holiness, and now judged him.
not
un
Bishop Bonner’s Of Ation against bishop Cranmer.
*
bishop and archbishop,
stalling, saving that every thing then most rich and costly, every thing this canvas
ner bishop London, which two coming Oxford upon St. Valentine's day, the pope's delegates, with new commission from loome,
come be condemned before that blessed sa
crament hanging over the altar. This the man that like Lucifer sat the place Christ upon altar judge other, and now come
the virtue thereof commanded the arch
bishop aforesaid come before them, the before altar judged himself. ”
choir Chi-t’s church, before the high altar, where they sitting (according their manner)
their pontificalibus, first begun the fashion read their commission: wherein was con tained, how that the count Rome things
being indiffe contly examined, both the articles laid his chargc, with the answers made unto
Wi. ereunto the Archbishop interrupting him said, That that belied him, did
many other things: for that which would now seem charge him withal, was his own fault, was any, and none his. For the thing you mean, was Paul's church, said he, where cause sit Commission and there
them, and witness. cs examined and council heard well queen's behalf his accusers,
nor once suspected wherefore you wit wanted nothing appertaining his necessary tingly evil charge me with it. —But Bonner defence, &c. Which foresaid commission, went still his rhetorical repetition, lying was reading, Lord, said the archbishop, and railing against the archbishop, begon. ing
Thomas Cranmer the party guilty, that
what lies these, that being continually prison, and never could suffered have
every sentence with ‘this the man, this the man,’ till length there was never man but was weary the unmannerly
both parts, was scaffold prepared for me and others,
the ling and the bellalf
you and your officers, and whether there were any altar under not, could not perceive
counsel advocate home, should produce
witness and appoint my counsel Rome? usage him that time and place: insomuch God inust needs punish this open and shameless that the bishop Ely aforesaid divers times lying. They read the commission which pulled him the sleeve make end, and came from the pope, Plenitudine potestatis, said him afterward when they went din
supplying manner defects law pro ner, that had broken promise with him for
cess, committed dealing with the archbishop,
had intreated him earnestly use him with revere ce
After this done and finished, they began
then bustle towards degrading, and first take from him his crosier staff out of his
and giving them full authority deprivation and degradation
upon excommunication deliver
secular power, Omni appellation, remota.
procced them, and
him the
When the Commission was lead thus, they hands which held fast, and refused deli proceeding thereupon his degradation, first ver, and withal, imitating the example \lar cloathed and disguised him putting him tin Luther, pulled appeal out his left surplus, and then albe; after that the vesti sleeve under the wrist, which there and then ment subde icon, and every other surni delivered unto them, saying, “I appeal the ture, priest ready masse. When they next General Council; and herein have com had apparelled him far, What, said be, think prehended my cause and form which
shall say mass Yea, said Cosius, one desire may admitted;" and prayed divers
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805] STATE TRIALS, 1 May, 1553–for Treason and IIercy. [806
the standers by, by name to be witnesses, and abroad myself, licence notary and wit especially M. Curtop, to whom he spoke twice, nesses. But further than am able do, &c. The copy of which his Appellation, be know well not required the laws. 1st
cause it was not printed before, I thought here say and pullisi, that James to exhibit, ad rei memoriam, as in form here God priest, called Cardinal
Canterbury from the Pope, to the next Gene ral Council,
“IN the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the holy Ghost. —First, my plain pro
testation made, that I intend to speak nothing against one holy, catholic and apostolical church, or the authority thereof, the which au thority I have in great reverence, and to whom
followeth:
the mercy the Pit, and the church
the title our lady the way
The tenor of the Apprail of the Archbishop of Rome, judge and commissary specially deputed
my mind is in things
thing peradventure, either
tongue, indignation
the provocation mine adversaries spoken
done otherwise than well, not with such reverence becometh me, am most ready
our most holy lord the pope, atti med, caused me cited Itoine, there ap pear fourscore days after the citation served on me, make answer certain articles touching the peril my state and life and whereas was kept prison with most straight ward, that could wise suffered
Rome, nor come out prison, and grievous causes concerning state and life,
amend it. —Although the bishop whom they call pope, beareth the
Christ earth, and path authority
Rome,
room God, yet
and charges, quite taken from me, neverthe less the most reverend cardinal aforesaid doth
sore threaten me, that whether shall appear not, will nevertheless yet proceed injudgment against me. Wherein feel myself grieved,
by that power authority unsinnable, neither hath
not become that nothing can imagined more mischievous received that power or further from reason. —2. The reverend father
therein obeyed.
And
must not
away, uttered much
every body
the very law nature: forso for most just causes, which
done, good part,
ought case
af take pa firmed, the most reverend cardinal, causcd not me cited Oxford, where was then
obey, and any slipperiness
man bound would never
reason poverty had, wherewith
send proctor, and though sain send my proctor, yet by
am not able, for that ever should bearmy proctor's costs
abuses, else
destroy,
Therefore not right
tiently and
obeyed, kept prison, answer certain articles, command any thing against the precepts concerning the danger my state and life.
but edify
shall command any thing that Glocester, judge and under-deputy,
the congregation. James Brooks, the mercy God bishop
may lawfully resisted, And when being unlearned and ignorant
God: rather
even Paul withstood Peter. And
aided help princes deceived perchance law, that thing was most unrighteously denied
being the laws, desired council the learned the
false suggestion, with evil counsel, cannot me, contrary the equity laws both resisted, but the remedies withstanding God and man. Where again feel me most
lin taken away, there nevertheless one wrongfully grieved. —3. And remedy appealing, which prince can take the said bishop Gloucester
when refused my judge,
then declared, certain defence, which meet for nevertheless went on still, and made process
the law God, nature, and against me, contrary the rule the |. . . of
man. -And whereas the laws permit man appealing, which say, “A judge that refused appeal, not only from the griefs and injuries ought not proceed the cause, but leave done, but also from such sholl done here off. ” And when had required me answers
after, threatened done, much certain Articles, resused make him any tlat the inferior cannot make laws not ap answer: said would yet gladly make answer pealing superior power; and since the most renowned king and queen's deputies openly enough confessed, that holy general attorneys then present, with this condition council lawfully gathered together the holy notwithstanding, that mine answer should Ghost, and representing the holy Catholic extrajudicial, and that was permitted nie. And church, above the pope, especially mat with this my protestation made and admitted, ters concerning faith; that cannot make made answer; but mine answer was sudden decrees that men shall not appeal from him and unprovided for and therefore desired
general council therefore Thomas Cran have copy mine answers, that might put mer, archbishop Canterbury, time past to, take away, change and amend them and ruler the metropolitical church Canter this was also permitted me. Nevertheless, con bury, doctor divinity, say and publish be trary his promise made unto me, respect
fore you the public notary, and witnesses here had my protestation, nor licence given present, with mind and intent challenge and amend mine answer, the said reverend iather appeal from the persons and gricts underneath bishop Gloucester, hear, commanded written, and proffer myself place and time mine answers inacted contrary the convenient and meet prove the articles that equity the law. which thing again feel follow. And openly confess, that would ine much grieved. —4. Furthermore, could lawfully have published then before this day, not for many causes admit the bishop itone's
might have had either liberty come usurped authority this realin, nor consent
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soil STATE TRIALS, IMARY, 1553. —Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [SCŞ t-----
Pirst my solemn oath letting me, which foresaid and many other griefs and abuses, made the time king Henry the 8th, which intend prove, and proffer myself
most famous memory, according the laws time convenient prove hereafter, since re England: Secondly, because knew the autho formation the above mentioned abuses, rity the bishop Rome, which usurpeth, not looked for the bishop Rome,
against the crown, customs, and laws neither can hope reason his wicked abuses this realm England, insomuch, that neither and usurped authority, have him equal the king can be crowned this realm, without judge his own cause: Therefore chal the most grievous crime perjury, nor may lenge and appeal these writings from the bishops enjoy their bishoprics, nor judgments pope, having good council, and from the be used according the laws and customs above named pretences, commissions, and this realin, except the bishop Rome's au judges, from their citations, processes, and
thority, accused both the king and queen, from other things that have shall follow the judges, writers, and executors the laws thereupon, and from every one them, and customs, with all that consent them. and from their sentences, censures, pains, Finally, the whole realm shall accursed. — and punishments, cursing, suspension, and
Moreover, that heinous and usurped autho interdicting, and from others whatsoever
their denouncings and declarations (as they pretend) schism, heresy, adultery, depri vation, degrading them any them, any manner wise attempted, done, and set forward atteropted, done, and set forward hereafter, saving always
rity the bishop Rome, through reserva
tions the bishoprics, provisions, annuates,
dispensations, pardons, appellations, bulls, and
other curred merchandise Itome, was wont
exceedingly spoil and consume the riches
and substance this realm, which things
should follow again recognising and receiv their honours and reverences, unequal and ing that usurped authority unto the unmea unrighteous, most tyrannical and violent, and
surable loss this realm. –6. Finally,
most evident that usurped authority, not only the crown England under yoke, the laws and customs this realm be thrown
from every grief come, which shall happen me, well for myself for and every one that cleaveth me, will hereafter be my side, unto free general council, that
shall hereafter lawfully be, and sure place, the which place proctor deputed
down and trodden under foot, but also the most
holy decrees councils, together with the pre
cepts both the gospel and God. —When me, may freely and with safety come, and
times past the sun righteousness being
risen the world, Christian religion the preaching the apostles began spread
very far abroad and flourish, insomuch that their sound went out into the world innu mcrable people, which walked darkness, saw
him them, whom man may the law, privilege, custom, otherwise challenge and appeal. —And desire the first, the second, and the third time, instantly, more instantly, and most instantly, that may have messen gers, there any man that will and can give me them. And make open promise
great light, God's glory every where published
did flourish, the only cark and care ministers prosecuting this mine Appellation, the way
the church was purely and sincerely
disannulling abuse, inequality, and unrighte ousness, otherwise shall better able: choice and liberty reserved me, put to, dominish, change, correct, and interpret my
preach Christ, the people
low Christ's doctrine.
Rome, were lady
embrace and fol Then the church of
the world, both was,
and also was counted worthily the mother
other churches, for much then the first
sayings, and reform fashion, saving always
things after better me every other bene
the law, and
doctrine, did help them with their riches, suc will my part. —And touching my doctrine
begat Christ, nourished with the food pure
them that either be,
coured the oppressed, and was sanctuary for the Sacrament, and other my doctrine, the miserable, she rejoiced with them that re what kind soever be, protest that was
joiced, and 'wept with them that wept. Then never my mind write, speak, understand the examples the bishops Rome, riches any thing contrary the most holy word
were despised, worldly glory and pomp was God, else against the holy catholic church trodden under foot, pleasures and riot nothing Christ, but purely and simply imitate and
regarded. Then this frail and uncertain life, teach those things only, which had learned being full miseries, was laughed scorn, the sacred Scripture, and the holy catho while through the example Romish Martyrs, church Christ from the beginning, and men did every where press forward the life also according the exposition the most
coine. But afterward when the ungracious holy and learned fathers and martyrs the ness damnable ambition, never satisficq ava Church. -And any thing hath peradventure
rice, and the horrible enormity vices had
corrupted and taken the see Rome there
followed every where almost the deformities
all churches, growing out kind into the
magners the church their mother, leaving catholic Church, desiring none other thing, their former innocency and purity, and slip than meekly and gently taught, any
Ping into foul and heinous usages. —For the where, which God forbid, have swerved fruin
chanced otherwise than thought; may err, but heretic cannot be, forasmuch am ready things follow the judgment
the most sacred word God, and the holy
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809] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553. − or Treason and Hercy.
[810
the truth. -And I protest and openly confess, jacket, and put upon him poor yeoman bea that in my doctrine and preaching, both dle's gown, full bare and nearly worn, and the Sacrament, and other my doctrine what evil savouredly made, one might lightly see, soever be, not only incan and judge those and townsman's cap his head, and things, the catholic Church, and the most delivered him the secular power. —After this holy fathers old with one accord have meant pageant degradation, and was finished,
and judged, but also would gladly use the same words that they used, and not use any
other words, but set my hand and sin gular their speeches, phrases, ways and forms
of speech, which they use their treatises
then spake lord Bonner, saying him, Now
are you lord any more and whensoever spake the people him, was con tinually barking against him, ever used this
term, This gentleman here, Sco,
upon the Sacrament, and keep still their And thus with great compassion and pity
interpretation. But this thing only am accused for an heretic, because allow not the doctrine lately brought the Sacrament, and because consent not words not ac
customed Scripture, and unknown the ancient fathers, but newly invented and brought
every inan
this evil-favoured gown was prison. Whom there followed
talking with him, said, the bishop Ely pro tested his friendship with tears. Yet, said he,
might have used great deal more friend ship towards me, and never have been the worse thought on, for have well deserved
and going into the prison with him, asked him would drink. Who answered him, saying, had piece salt-fish, that had better will eat for he had been that
day somewhat troubled with this matter, and
had eaten little, but now that past, my judge his own cause. —Well, quoth heart, said he, well quieted. Whereupon the Ely, may admitted shall, and re gentleman said, would give him money with ceived him. And then began per all his heart, for he was able do But he suade earnestly with the archbishop consider being one toward the law, and fearing master
his state, and weigh well, while there was Partner's case, durst therefore give him nothing, time him good, promising become but gave money the bailiffs that stood by,
men, and belonged souls, and overthrowing
religion. Given, &c. ” This Appeal being put
Gloucestershire with the arch bishop's own gown, who, standing by, and being thought toward one the bishops, had delivered unto him; who the way
the bishop Ely, said, My lord, our Commission
the destruction
the pure and old
carried gentleman
-
proceed against you, Omnia appellatione remota,
Why, quoth he, then you me the more wrong: for my case not every private man's case. The
and therefore we cannot admit
matter between the pope and me immediate, and none otherwise: and think man ought
suitor the king and queen for him and and said, that they were good men, they protested his great love and friendship that had would bestow him, for my lord Canter been between them, heartily weeping, that bury had not one penny purse help for time could not with his tale. him, and left him, my lord bidding him earn After going forward, earnestly affirmed, that
had not been the king and queen's com
mandment, whom could not deny, else
worldly commodity should have made him this money and but for the help friends, have done concluding that one the had been sent the council. Such was sorrowfullest things that ever happened unto him. the cruelty and iniquity the time, that men The archbishop gently seeming comfort
him, said,
procecded they came
take off his pati, which solemn archbishop, then said he, Which
IIcre followeth the RECANTATION the Arch bishop, with his Repentance the same.
was very well content withal: and they his degradation. —When
could not good without punishment.
vesture
you hath pall, take my pall? Which
this mean time, while the Archbishop was thus remaining durance, whom they had kept
imported much they being his inferiors,
could not degrade him. Whereunto one
them said, that they were but bishops, they selves that ever they could about master were his inferiors, and not competent judges: Cranmer, have him recant, assaying all but being the pope's delegates, they might take crafty practices and allureinents they might
his pall, and took every thing
put on. Then
they did, and proceeding devise how bring their purpose pass. order from him, was And the intent they might win him easily,
barber clipped his hair round they had him the dean's house Christ's about, and the bishop scraped the tops his Church the said university, where lacked fingers where had been anointed, wherein delicate fare, played the bowls, had his bishop Bonner behaved himself, roughly and pleasure for walking, and other things that unmannerly, the other bishop was him soft might bring him from Christ, over and besides and gentle. Whilst they were thus doing, All this, secretly and slightly they suborned cer this, quoth the archbishop, needed not had tain men, which when they could not expugn myself done with this gear long ago. Last him arguments and disputation, should
estly farewel, commending himself his prayers and his friends. That night this gentleman was staid Bonner and Ely, for giving him
now prison almost the space three years, the doctors and divines of Oxford busied them
they stripped him out his gown into his entreaty and fair promises, any other means
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811] STATE TRIALS, I MARy, 1553. −Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [s]2
allure him to Recantation ; perceiving other provocations these fair flatterers ceased not wise what a great wound they should receive, solicit and urge him, using means they isthe archbishop had stood stedfast in sen could draw him their side; whose force tence and again the other side, how great his manly constancy did great while resist. profit they should get, the principal But last when they made end calling standard-bearer, should overthrown. By and crying upon him, the archbishop being
reason whereof the wily papists flocked about overcome, whether through their importunity,
him, with threatening, flattering, intreating,
and promising, and other means; specially
Henry Sydall, and Friar John Spaniard,
Villa Garcina, the end drive him, the the hope life, and better days come. But
uttermost their possibility, from his former sentence to recantation.
First, they set forth how acceptable would both the king and queen, and especially
might supposed, that was done for we may since perceive letter
how gainful him, and for his soul's health the
same should be. They added moreover, how
the council and the noblemen bare him good
will. They put him hope, that should friars and doctors, whereto subscribed, was
The form which Recantation made the this
Cranmer's Recasta
“I THOMAS Cranmer late Archbishop Canterbury, renounce, abhor, and detest, all manner of heresies and errors of Luther and Zwingiius, and other teachings which
contrary sound and true doctrines. And believe most constantly my heart, and
with my mouth confess one holy and catholic church visible, without the which there no
thereof acknowledge the supreme head earth,
the highest bishop all. Therefore he should chuse whether he and pope, and Christ's vicar, unto whom
thought better end his life shortly the Christian people ought subject. —And flames and firebrands now ready kindled, concerning the sacraments, believe and wor than with much honour prolong his life, un ship the sacrament the altor the very
the course nature did call him for there body and blood Christ, being contained was middle way. —Moreover, they exhorted most truly under the forms bread and wine; him that he would look his wealth, his es the bread through the mighty power God timation and quietness, saying, that was not being turned into the body our Saviour Je
not only have his life, but also restored
his antient dignity, saying, was but small matter, and easy that they required him
do, only that would subscribe few words with his own hand; which did, there should nothing the realm that the queen
The Copy and Words TION.
little leaf there was hope
paper; but refused, health and pardon for
salvation and purposed, that she would bishop Rome
the queen was
have Cranmer catholic, else Cranmer whom knowledge
old, but that many years yet remained
this his lusty age; and would not respect the queen, yet should
sus Christ, and the wine into his blood. And the other six sacraments also, like this, believe and hold as the universal church
for
respect his life, and not suffer that other holdeth, and the church Rome judgeth and
men should be more careful for his health determineth. -Furthermore, believe that than was himself: saying, that this was there place purgatory, where souls de
agreeable his notable learning and virtues; parted punished for time, for whom the which being adjoined with his life would Church doth godly and wholesomely pray, like profitable both himself, and many other; doth honour saints and make prayers but being extinct death, should fruitful them. Finally, things profess, that
man that should take good heed do not otherwise believe, than the catholic that went not too far; yet there was time church and the ciurch of Rome holdeth and
enough restore wanted, wanted
things safe, and nothing not himself. There
lay hold upon the occa was offered, lest
teacbeth. am sorry that ever held thought otherwise. And beseech Almighty God, that his mercy will vouchsafe forgive me, whatsoever have offended against God his church, and also desire and be secch Christian people pray me. And such have been drceived either by mine example doctrine, require them
the blood Jesus Christ, that they will return the unity the church, that we may ail one mind, without schism division. —Aud
fore they would him
sion his health while
he would now refuse while was offered,
might hereafter seek it.
when could not have
life did nothing move
Finally, him, yet
grievous
the desire
years and flower ous: but die most grievous
dignity were more griev the fire and such torments,
should remember that die ages, and especially these his
his own imbecility, what mind cannot tell, length gave his hand.
sent lawyer,
most cause why de delayed, was that would
sired his time
make end
had already begun but howsoever was, plain was, against his conscience.
conclude, submit myself the catholic all. With these and like church Christ, and the supreme head
Marcus Antonius, which
would not easily grant him, whether
have riches dignity, else
live private life quiet rest,
place listed, without public ministery,
only that would set his name two words
would had rather whatsoever
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813]
STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553. − for Treason and Heresy. [814
thereof, so I submit myself unto the most ex- catholic faith; Cole departing for that time, cellent majesties of l'hilip and Mary, king and the next day following repaired to the arch. queen of this realm of England, &c. and to bishop again, giving signification yet
other their laws and ordinances, being ready his death that was prepared and therefore always faithful subject ever obey them. the morning, which was the 21st day March, And God my witness that have not done appointed for Cranmer's execution, the said this for favour fear any person, but wil Cole coming him, asked had any lingly and mine own mind, well the money. To whom when answered that discharge mine own conscience, the in had none, he delivered him fifteen crowns struction of other. ” give the poor whom would and ex
This Recantation the archbishop was not horting him much could constancy
soon conceived, but the doctors and pre
faith, departed thence about business, his sermon appertained.
By this partly, and other like arguments, the
W. delay
lates without caused the
same im men's hands. first was added
rinted, and set abroad
Archbishop began
credit,
the name Thomas Cranmer, with solemn they ! . day
subscription, then followed the witnesses
this Recantation, Henry Sydall, and Friar John that were looked were not yet come, there
de Villa Garcina. All this while Cranmer came him the Spanish friar, witness his was certain assurance his life, although Recantation, bringing paper with Articles, the same was faithfully promised him the which Cranmer should openly profess doctors; but after that they had their purpose, recantation before the people, earnestly de
for better
more and more surmise
the rest they committed adventure, became men that religion do. The queen, having now gotten time revenge her old
grief, received his Recantation very gladly but her purpose put him death she would
siring him that would write the said instru ment with the articles with own hand, and sign with his name: which when had done, the said friar desired that he would write ano ther copy thereof, which should remain with him, and that did also. But yet the arch
what went about. Then because the
was not far and the lords and knights
nothing relent.
Now was Cranmer's cause miserable bishop being not ignorant whereunto their
taking, who neither inwardly had any quiet ness his own conscience, nor yet outwardly
secret devices tended, and thinking that the
any help his adversaries.
the one side was praise,
scorn, both sides danger,
could die honestly, nor yet unhonestly live. which
Besides this,
the other side people,
put secretly exhortation, written
bosom prayer another paper, the people, before
that neither with
minded recite
And whereas sought profit, fell into dou should make the last profession faith,
ble disprofit, that neither with good men fearing lest they had heard the confession could avoid secret shame, nor yet with evil men his faith first, they would not afterward have the note of dissimulation. suffered him exhort the people.
the mean time, while these things were Soon after about nine the clock, the lord doing, said, the prison amongst the Williams, Thomas Bridges, John Brown, doctors, the queen taking secret counsel, how and the other justices, with certain other noble
dispatch Cranmer out the way, who men, that were sent the queen's council, yet knew nothing her secret hate, and look came Oxford with great train waiting for nothing less than death, appointed ir. men. Also the other multitude every
Cole, and secretly gave him commandment, side (as wont such matter) was made that against the 21st March, should pre great concourse, and greater expectation. For
pare Funeral Sermon for Cranmer's burning, first all, they that were the pope's side
and instructing him orderly and diligently
her will and pleasure that behalf, - sendeth him away.
were great hope that day hear something
Cranmer that should stablish the vanity their opinion the other part, which were en
Soon after, the lord Williams Tame, and dued with better mind, could not yet doubt, the lord Shandoys, Tho. Bridges, and that which continual study and labour John Brown were sent for, with other worship for many years, had set forth the doctrine ful men and justices, commanded the queen's the gospel, either would could now the name Oxford the same day, with last act life forsake part. Briefly, their servants and retinue, lest Cranmer's death every man's will inclined, either this part should rai-e there any tumult. that, according the diversity their
Cole the doctor having this lesson given him desires, every man wished and hoped for. And before, and charged her commandment, re yet because uncertain thing the certainty turned Oxford, ready play his part; who could known none what would be the
the day execution drew near, even the end their minds were hanging between day before, came into the prison Cranmer; hope and doubt. that the greater the ex try whether abode the catholic faith pectation was doubtful matter, the more
wherein before he had left him. To whom, was the multitude, that was gathered thither when Cranmer had answered, that God's hear and behold.
grace would daily more confirmed the this great frequency and expectation,
time was hand which dissemble the profession
could longer his faith with Christ's
to as
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$15] STATE TRIALS, I MARy, 1553–1'roceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [sld
Cranmer at the length cometh from Bocardo according the merits offenders, nor yet prison unto Mary's Church, because was sometimes suffered the same altogether
a foul and rainy day, the chief church in the unpunished, yea though they had repeated. university, this order. The mayor went David, who when was bidden choose before, next him the aldermen their place three kinds punishments which would, and degree; after them was Cranmer brought and had chosen pestilence for three days; between two friars, which mumbling and the Lord forgave him half the time, but did
fro certain psalms the streets, answered one not release and that the same thing came another until they came the church door, pass him also, whom although pardon and there they began the song Sineon, and reconciliation was due according the Nunc dinitt's, and entering into the church, canons, seeing repented him his errors, the psalm-saying friars brought him stand yet there were causes why the queen and the ing, and there left him. There was stage set council this time judged him death: over against the pulpit, mean height from which, lest should marvel too much,
the ground, where Cranmer had standing, should hear some. First, that being Traitor,
waiting until Cole inade him ready his settnoll.
The lamentable case and sight that man
gave sorrowful spectacle Christian eyes that beheld him. He that late was Archbishop, Metropolitane, and Primate England, and the king's privy Chancellor, being now
bare and ragged gown, and favourably
had dissolved the lawful matrimony between the king her father and mother; besides the driving out the pope's authority, while
was metropolitan. Scoondly, that had been an Heretick, from whom from an author and only fountain heretical doctrine and schismatical opinions, that many years have prevailed England, did first rise and spling;
cloathed, with old square cap, exposed of which he had not been secret favourer
the contempt men, did admonish men only, but also most earnest defender even
not only his own calaurity, but also their the end his life, sowing them abroad
state and fortune. For who would not pity his writings and arguments, privately and openly,
case, and bewail his fortune, and might not not without great ruin and decay the catho
fear his own chance, see such prelate, church. And further, seemed meet, ac
grave counsellor, and long continued cording the law equality, that the death
honour, after many dignities, old the duke Northumberland late, made years deprived estate, adjudged even with Thomas Moie chancellor that died
die, and painful death end his life, for the church, there should one that
this habit, when had stood good not able make even with that man, space upon the stage, turning piliar near seemed that Cranmer should joined adjoining thereunto, lified hands then their part equality. Besides heaven, and prayed unto God once twice, these there were other just and weighty causes,
and now presently from such fresh ornaments, should make even with Fisher
descend such vile and ragged apparel. and because that Ridley, Hooper, Ferrar, were
till the length Dr. Cole coming into the pulpit, and beginning Sermon, entered first into mention Tobias and Zachariah. Whom
which seemed the queen and council, which was not meet that time opened the common people.
After this, turning his tale the hearers,
had praised the beginning
after
custom the schools) intending the mercy God secondly,
the true wor whole ser
this man's example, high, that can
for their perseverance
God, then divided mon into three parts (according
bade men beware that among men nothing
sermon shipping
the solemn promise itself safety
speak first God's vengeance equally stretched against his justice men, and spareth none therefore they
shewed: and last all, how the prince's should beware and learn fear their prince. secrets are not opened. And proceed And seeing the queen's majesty would not
ing little from the beginning, took occa
spare notable man this, inuch less
the like cause she would spare other men, that man should think make thereby any de
fence his error, either riches any kind authority, they had now example teach
Cranmer, and with many hot words reproved him, that once being induct with the savour and
sion and turn tale
feeling wholesome and catholic doctrine, fell
into the contrary opinion pernicious error; them all, whose cal:unity every man might
which had not only defended writings,
and his power, but also allured other men the like, with great liberality gifts,
were, appointing rewards for error and
consider his own fortune; who foun the top dignity, none being more honourable than
the whole realm, and next the king, was fallen into great misery, they might now
after had allured them cherish them.
were too long repeat
long order were pronounced. The sum
his tripartite declamation was, that said God's mercy was tempered with his justice, that did not altogether require punishment
being man high degree, sometime the chiefest prelates the church, and
incans did
things, that
cabishop, the chief the council, the 2nd person the realin long time, man thought greatest assurance, having king on his side notwithstanding his authority and de
fence, debascq from high estate low
one
Rochester;
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s17] STATE TRIALS, 1 MAry, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy. [815
degree, of a counsellor to become a caitiff, and back the people that were ready depart,
to be set in so wretched a state, that the poor prayers. Brethren, said he, lest any man est wretch would not change condition with should doubt of this man's earnest conversion
him; briefly so heaped with misery on sides, and repentance, you shall hear him speak be
that neither was left him any hope better fore you, and therefore pray you master
fortune, nor place for worse.
The latter part his Sermon
Cranmer, that you will now perform that you promised not long ago; namely, that you would
converted comforted and encouraged take his death well, many places Scripture, with these and such like;
openly express the true and undoubted pro fession your faith, that you may take away suspicion from men, and that men may
the archbishop, whom
bidding him not mistrust, but should in understand that you are Catholic indeed. continently receive that the thief did, whom will said the Archbishop, and that with Christ said, Hodie mecum eris Paradiso, good will; who and rising up, and put
That “This day thou shalt with me Paradise:’ and out of St. Paul he armed him
against the terror the fire, this, Dominis fidelis est, non sinet cos tentari ultra quam ferre potestis, That “The Lord faithful, which
will not suffer you tempted above your strength the example the three chil dren, whom God made the flame seem like pleasant dew, adding also the rejoicing
St. Andrew his cross, the patience St. Laurence the fire, assuring him, that God,
called on him, and such die his
faith, either would abate the fury the flame, or give him strength abide
He glorified God much his conversion, be cause appeared only his work, declaring what travel and conference had been with him
ting off his cap, began speak thus unto the people:
“I desire you, well beloved brethren the
Lord, that you will pray God for me, for
give me my sins, which above men, both
number and greatness, have committed. But
among the rest, there one offence which most of all this time doth vex and trouble
me, whereof process my talk you shall hear more his proper place; and then putting his
hand into his boson, drew forth Prayer, which recited the people this sense:
The PRAY Dr. Cranmer.
“Good Christian people, my dearly beloved brethren and sisters Christ, beseech you most heartily pray for me Almighty God,
convert him, and prevailed not, till that that will forgive me my sins and offences, pleased God mercy reclaim him, which many, without number, and great
and call him home. discoursing which place, much commended Cranmer, and qualified his former doings, thus tempering his
above measure. But yet one thing grieveth my conscience more than all the rest, whereof God
willing, intend speak more hereafter. But how great and how many soever my bins be, beseech you pray God his mercy par
judgment and talk
him, that the time
riches and honour, his life and now that
(said he) flowed
was unworthy
might not live, was unworthy death. But
lest should carry with him comfort,
would diligently labour (he said) and also
did promise the name the priests that persons and one God, have mercy upon me
were present, that immediately after his death
there should dirges, masses, and funerals have offended both against heaven and earth, executed for him all the churches of Oxford more than my tongue can express. Whither for the succour of his soul. then may go, whither shall flee To
Cranmer all this mean time, with what heaven may ashamed lift mine eyes, great grief mind stood hearing this Ser and earth find place refuge suc mon, the outward shews his body and coun cour. To thee, therefore, Lord, run; tenance did better express, than any man can thee humble myself, saying, Lord declare; one while lifting his hands and my God, my sins great, but yet have mercy eyes unto heaven, and then again for shame upon me thy great mercy. The great mys
letting them down the earth. man might have seen the very image and shape perfect
téry that God became man, was not wrought for little few offences. Thou didst not give thy Son, heavenly Father, unto death for small
sis only, but the greatest sins the world, that the sinner return thee with his whole heart, here this present.
sorrow lively him expressed. More than
several times the tears gushed out abundantly,
dropping down marvellously from his fatherly
face. They which were present, testify that
they never saw any child more tears, than Wherefore have mercy me God, whose burst out from him at that time, all the scrimon
while but especially when they recited his
prayer before the people. marvellous
what commiseration and pity moved men's
hearts, that beheld heavy countenance, thy dear Son, Jesus Christ's sake. And now and such abundance of tears an old man of therefore, our Father heaven, hallowed
don and forgive them all. ”
And here kneeling down, said:
God, Re deemer the world Holy Ghost, three
reverend dignity. thy name, &c. ”—And then rising, said: the
Cole, after had ended his Sermon, called “Every man, good people, desireth
VOL. -
-
Father heaven, Son
most wretched caitiú and miserable sinner.
property always have mercy, have mercy upon me Lord, for thy great mercy. crave nothing for mine own merits, but for thy name's sake, that may hallowed thereby, and for
3 G
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*10] STATE TRIALS, MAux, 1553–Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [820 e
may be alorified, and you edified. —First, it is an heavy case to see that so many folk so much
time of his death to give some good exhortation come, either live with my master Christ for that others may remember the same before ever joy, else pain for ever, with their death, and be the better thereby : so I wicked devils hell, and see before mine beseech God grant me grace, that I may speak eyes presently either heaven ready receive something at this my departing, whereby God
dote upon the love of this false world, and be
so careful for that the love God, the
world come, they seem care very little First, believe God the Father Almighty,
nothing. Therefore this shall my first ex hortation, that you set not your minds over much upon this glozing world, but upon God,
and upon the world come; and learn know what this lesson meaneth, which St. John teacheth, “that the love this world hatred
against God. ”—The second exhortation that
next under God you obey your king and queen
willingly and gladly, without murmuring
maker leavoen and earth, &c. And believe
grudging; not for fear them only, but much
more than any thing that ever did said my whole life, and that the setting abroad
writing contrary the truth; which now here
renounce and refuse, things written with my hand, contrary the truth which thought
more for the fear God; knowing that they be God's ministers, appointed God rule
my heart, and written for fear death, and and govern you and therefore whosoever re save my life might be, and that
sisteth them, resisteth the ordinance God. —
The third exhortation that you love al
together like brethren and sisters. For alas,
pity see what contention and hatred And forasmuch my hand offended, writing one Christian man beareth another, not contrary my heart, my hand shall first
taking each other brother and sister, but ra– punished therefore for may come the fire ther strangers and mortal enemies. But shall first burned. —And for the pope,
pray you learn and bear well away this one lesson, To good unto all men, much
you lieth, and hurt man, more than you would hurt your own natural loving brother sister. For this you may sure of, that whosoever hateth any person, and goeth about
maliciously hinder hurt him, surely, and without doubt God not with that man,
although think himself never much God's favour. —The fourth exhortation shall be
them that have great substance and riches
this world, that they will well consider and weigh three sayings the Scripture. One
our Saviour Christ himself, who saith, Luke 18. “It hard for rich man enter into
Briefly
guiled great
never cruelty more notably
deluded and deceived. For
doubted but they looked for glorious victory and perpetual triumph this man's retracta tion. Who soon they heard these things, began down their ears, rage, fret, and fume; and much the more, because they could not revenge their grief; for they could now longer threaten hurt him. For the nost miserable man the world can
your gold and silver doth canker and rust, and
their rust shall bear witness against you, and
consume you like fire: you gather hoard pists had been never well pleased now treasure God's indiguation against the last being never much offended with him, yet day. " Let the that rich ponder well these could he not be twice killed them. And so three sentences: for they ever had occasion when they could nothing else unto him, yet
the kingdom
yet spoken
The second
saying this, “He that hath the substance this world, and seeing brother necessity, and shutteth his mercy from him, how can
hope.
heaven. ' sore saying, and him that knoweth the truth. St. John, John whose
think there was better time not to be
say that loveth God? " The third
Saint James, who speaketh the covetous
rich man after this manner, “Weep you and
howl for the misery that shall come upon you your riches rot, your cloaths moth-eaten,
slew their charity, they have now this present, the poor people being many, and victuals dear. -And now for much
am come the last end my life, whereupca
ugeti, my life past, and my life so. Always since lived hitherto, have been
me, and else hell ready swallow me
shall therefore declare unto you my very faith how believe, without any colour dissimu lation for now time dissemble, what soever have said written times past.
every article the catholic faith, every word,
and sentence taught our Saviour Jesus Christ, his apostles and prophets, the new and old
Testament. now come the
great thing, that much troubleth my conscience,
such bills and papers which have written signed with my hand since my degradation;
wherein have written many things untrue.
refuse him, Christ's enemy and Antichrist,
with all his false doctrine. And as for the Sa
crament, believe have taught my book
against the bishop Winchester, the which
my book teacheth true doctrine the Sa
crament, that shall stand the last day be fore the judgment God, where the papis
tical doctrine contrary thereto shall asham ed shew her face. ”
Here the standers were astonished, marvelled, were amazed, did look one upon
another, whose expectation had
notably him his
deceived. Some Recantation, and
began admonish accuse him
was
falshood. world see the doctors he
die but once and whereas necessity must needs die that day, though the Pa
lest they should say nothing, they ceased not object unto him his falshood and dissimula
tion. Unto which accusation answered,
Ah my masters (quoth he) not you take
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821] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy. [322
a hater of falshood, and a lover of simplicity, and never before this time have I dissembled ; and in saying this, the tears that remained
his body, appeared his eyes. And when
began speak more the Sacrament and the Papacy, some them began cry out, yelp, and bawl, and specially Cole cried out upon him Stop the heretic's mouth and take
him away. —And then Cranmer being pulled down from the stage was led the fire, accom
panied with those friars, vexing, troubling, and
threatening him most cruelly. What madness
(say they) hath brought thce again into this
error, which thou wilt draw innumerable
souls with thee into hell? To whom he an
swered nothing, but directed his talk the
people, saving that one troubling him the been common here England, ran the lord way spake, and exhorted him get him Williams Tame, crying that the archbishop home his study, and apply bis book diligent was vexed mind, and died great despera ly, saying, did diligently call upon God, tion. But which was not ignorant the
by reading more should get knowledge. But the other Spanish barker, raging and foaming, was almost out his wits, always having this
his mouth, Non fecist Didest thou not
place holy But when came the {. where the
Hugh
bishops and martyrs Latimer
and Ridley, were burnt before him for the con fession the truth, kneeling down prayed God, and not long tarrying his prayers, putting off his garments his shirt, prepared
himself death. His shirt was made long down to his feet. His feet were barc. Like
wise his head, when both his caps were off, was bare, that one hair could not seen upon His beard was long and thick, covering
archbishop's constancy, being unknow the Spaniards, smiled only, and (as were) silence rebuked the friar's folly. And this was
this learned archbishop, whom, lost
his face with marvellous gravity. Such coun John Lambert and Mr. Allen, there were
tenance gravity moved the hearts both his friends, and his enemies.
Then the Spanish friars John and Richard, whom mention was made before, began
any other, with whose burning and blood his hands had been before any thing polluted. But especially had rejoice, that dying such cause was numbered amongst
exhort him and play their parts with him, afresh Christ's martyrs, much more worthy the name
but with vain and lost labour. Cranmer with stedfast purpose abiding the profession his doctrine, gave his hand certain old men, and
Saint Thomas Canterbury, than whom the pope falsely before did canonise.
And thus have you the full Story concerning other that stood bidding them farewell. — the Life and Death this revereud archbishop
And when had thought have done like wise Ely, the said Ely drew back his hand
and refused, saying, was not lawful salute heretics, and specially such one falsely re
and martyr God, Thomas Cranmer, and also of divers other the learned sort of Christ's martyrs burned queen Mary's time, whom this archbishop was the last, being burnt about the very middle time the reign that queen,
turned unto the opinions that had forsworn.
And he had known before that he would and almost the very middle man the mar
have done so, would never have used his tyrs which were burned
her reign Lesides. this forestid adjoin withal his Letters, beginning first with his famous Letter queen Miary, which wrote unto her in
continent after was cited Rome
On the same day that Crammer ended his could moved from his sentence, they com life, (says bishop Godwin) cardinal Pole took manded the fire be set unto him. sacerdotal orders Greenwich and the next And when the wood was kindled, and the day, Naboth being dead, possessed himself
fire began burn near him, stretching out his his vineyard, being consecrated archbishop arms, put his right band into the flame, Canterbury. Three days afterwards, which he held so stedfast and immoveable the feast annunciation, attended many (saving that once with the same hand wiped the nobility Bow-church, received the his face) that men might see hand pall with great pomp and ceremony.
company familiarly, and chid those sergeants and citizens, which had not refused give him their hands. This Ely was priest lately made, and student divinity, being then one the fellows of Brasen-nose. Then was an iron
chain tied about Cranmer, whom when they
Now after the Life and Story archbishop discoursed,
perceived more stedfast than that
burned before his body was touched. His body did abide the burning the flame with such constancy and steadfastness, that standing always one place without moving his body, he seemed move no more than the stake
which was bound his eyes were lifted
into heaven, and oftentimes repeated his unworthy right hand, long his voice would
suffer him; and using often the words Stephen, Lord Jesus receive my spirit,' the greatness
the flame gave the ghost. *
This fortitude mind, which perchance
rare aund not found among the Spaniards, when friar John saw, said came not fortitude, but desperation, although such manner
examples which are the like constancy, have
the end evil well
subscribing recanting
perished, and lest
God
should have lived longer with shame and re
proof, pleased God rather take him away, the glory his name and profit his church. So good was the Lord both his church fortifying the same with the testi
mony and blood such martyr, and good
also the man with this cross
purge his offences this world, not only his recantation, but also his standing against
should have preserved;
tribulation,
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s23] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARY, 1553. —Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [S24
bishop Brooks and his fellows, the tenour whereof here followeth. -
LETTERs or DR. Thom As CRAN MER, ARch Bishop or CAN TER BURY.
this realm the king coronation, and justices when they receive their offices,
sworn, and the whole realm bound de fend and maintain. But contrary hereunto, the pope authority maketh void, and com mandeth blot out our books, laws and customs being repugnant his laws, and de
clareth accursed rulers and governors, the your highness. But very necessity constraineth makers, writers, and executers such laws
Ilighness. “IT may please your majesty
To Queen's
presumption, that dare bold write
me, that your majesty may know my mind,
rather mine own writing than other men's reports. So that upon Wednesday, being
the twelfth day this month, was cited appear Rome the 80th day after, there make answer to such matters as should be
objected against me upon the behalf the
where the king and queen, they were sub jects within their own realm, shall complain,
and require justice stranger's hands against their own subject, being already condemned death their own laws. As though the king and queen could not have justice within their own realius against their own subjects, but they must seek strangers hands
strange land; the like whereof think) was never seen. would have wished to have had some meaner adversaries: and think that death shall not grieve me much more, than bave my most dread and most gracious sove reign lord and lady, whom under God
own all obedience, mine accusers judgment within their own realm, before any
stranger and outward power. But forasunuch
the time the prince most famous memory king Henry 8th your grace's father, was sworn
customs; appeareth many the pope's laws, whereof one two shall rehearse.
the decrees dist. 10. written thus, ‘Constitu tiones contra canones decreta praesulum Ro manorum vel bonos mores, nullius sunt monu menti. ” That The constitutions statutes enacted against the canons and decrees the bishops Rome their good customs, are of
pardon my
king, and your most excellent majesty, which
matters the Thursday following were objected none effect. Also “extra. de sententia excom against me Dr. Martin, and Dr. Story your municationis, noverit, excommunicamus omnes majesty’s proctors before the bishop Glou haereticos utriusque sexus, quocumque nomine cester, sitting judgment commission from
Rome. But' (alas) cannot but grieve the
heart natural subject, accused the
king and queen his own realm; and speci.
ally before outward judge, authority
coming from any person out this realm: sententia fecerint amoveri. Item, excommu
censeantur, sautores, receptores, defen
sores eorum; nec non qui castero servari fecerint statuta edita consuetudines contra
ecclesiae libertatem, nisi capitularibus suis intra duos menses posthujuslnodi publicationem
never consent, that the bishop have exercise any authority
Rome should jurisdiction
consiliarios locorum, ubi caetera hu)usino statuta consuetudines editae suerint vel
servatae; nec non illos qui secundum pre sumpserint judicare, vel publicam forniam
scribere judicata. ” That say, We excom municate heretics both sexes, what name
soever they called by, and their fautors, and receptors, and defenders; and also them that shall hereafter cause be observed the statutes
and customs made against the liberty the
church, except they cause the same put
out their records and chapters within two
months after the publication thereof. Also we excommunicate the statute makers and writers
those statutes, and the potestates, consuls, governors and counsellors places, where such statutes and customs shall made kept; and also those that shall presume give judg
this realm England, therefore
allow authority contrary mine oath, re fused make answer the bishop Gloucester
ment according
form the matter laws, the bishop
them, shall notify adjudged. —Now
pub these which
judgment the pope's autho should run into perjury. —Another refused the pope's authority this, that his authority, claimeth repugneth
the crown perial this realm, and the laws the same; which every true subject
bound defend. First, for that the popesaith, that manner power, well temporal
your realm, being contrary nought, and well your majesty, your judges, justices, and other
sitting here rity, lest
the pope's laws,
cause why
executors the same, stand accused amongst heretics, which God forbid. And yet this curse
can never avoided the pope have such power claimeth) until such times the laws and customs this realm, being contrary
lest
should
spiritual, given first him God; and that his laws, taken away and blotted out
the law books. And although there many laws this realm contrary the laws Rome, yet named but few convict clerk
the temporal power giveth unto emperors
and kings, use under him, but
always his commandment and beck–But
contrary this claim, the imperial crown and before any temporal judge this realm for
jurisdiction temporal this realm taken im mediately from God, used under him only, and subject unto none, but God alone.
Moreover, the imperial laws and customs
debt, felony, murder, for any other crime;
which clerks the pope's laws exempt from the king's laws, that they can nowhere sued but before their ordinary. —Also the pope
nicamus statutarios, scriptores statutorum ip sorum, nec non potestates, consules, rectores.
claimeth God, laws and customs
Rome's authority
lawful, your grace's
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825] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy. [826
by his laws may give bishoprics and bene your most gracious highness, and also your fices spiritual; which the laws this realm realm should ever continue accursed, until can given but only the king and other shall cease from the execution your own laws patrons the same, except they fall into the and customs your realm; could not think lapse. By the pope's laws, jus patronatus shall myself true either your highness, this
sued only before the ecclesiastical judge my natural country, knowing that know. but the laws the realm shall sued Ignorance, know, may excuse other men; before the temporal judge. —And short, but that knoweth how prejudicial and in
the laws this realm agree with the pope's jurious the power and authority which chal
laws like fire and water. And yet the kings this realm have provided for their laws the pramunire; that any man have let the execution the laws this realm any au thority from the see Rome, falleth into the pramunire. But meet with this, the
lengeth every where, the crown, laws, and customs this realm, and yet will allow the same, cannot see any wise how can keep his due allegiance, fidelity, and truth the crown and state of this realm. —Another cause alledged, why could not allow the authority the pope, which this; that
popes have provided for their laws cursing.
For whosoever letteth the pope's laws have
full course within this realm, the pope's
power standeth accursed. that the pope's
power treadeth the laws and customs this
realm under his feet, cursing that execute
them, until such time they give place unto
his laws. -But may said, that notwith Christian people bounden diligently learn standing the pope's decrees, yet we exe
his authority subverteth not only the laws this realm, but also the laws God: that
whosoever under his authority, suffereth them not under Christ's religion purely, Christ did command. And for one example
brought forth, that whereas God's laws
cute still the laws and customs this realm.
Nay, not quietly without interruption the
pope. And where we execute them, yet we unjustly, the pope's power
force, and for the same we stand excommuni cate, and shall do, until we leave the execution of our own laws and customs. Thus we be well
reconciled Rome, allowing such authority,
These things, suppose, were not fully open ed the parliament-house, when the pope's authority was received again within this realm
his word, that they may know how believe and live accordingly, for that purpose or dained holidays, when they ought, leaving apart other business, give themselves wholly
know and serve God. Therefore God's will and
commandment that when the people bega thered together, ministers should use such lan guage the people may understand and take profit thereby, else hold their peace. For
harp lute, give certain sound God, the pope have any such authority. — that men may know what stricken, who can
whereby the realm standeth accursed before
mighty God the mouth saint Paul, the for they had, not believe that either the priest speak the people language which king queen's majesty, the nobles this they know not; for else may profit himself: realin, the commons the same would ever but profiteth not the people, saith saint Paul. have consented receive again such foreign But herein was answered thus; that saint
authority, injurious, hurtful, and prejudicial Paul spake only preaching, that the preacher well the crown, the laws and cus should preach tongue which the people did toms and state this realm, whereby they know, else his preaching availeth nothing;
must needs acknowledge themselves ac but the preaching availeth nothing, being cursed. But none could open this matter spoken language which the people under
well but the clergy, and such them had stand not, how should any other service avail read the pope's laws, whereby the pope had them, being spoken the same language And made himself were god. These seek yet that saint Paul meant not only preach
maintain the pope whom they desired have their chief head, the intent they might have were kingdom and laws within themselves, distinct from the laws the crown, and where with the crown may not meddle and being exempted from the laws the realm, might live this realm like lords and kings, without damage fear any man, that they please their high and supreme head
Rome. For this consideration, ween, some that knew the truth, held their peace the parliament, whereas they had done their du
ties the crown and whole realm, they should
have opened their mouths, declared the truth,
and shewed the perils and dangers that might ensue the crown and realm. —And
ing, appeareth plainly his own word. For
and voices with them, and say amen, that should agree allow such authority within say, allow what the priests say, that the rehear this realm, whereby must needs contess, that sal God's universal works and benefits, the
dance after it? for the sound vain; vain, and profiteth nothing, saith Al
speaketh name expressly
ing, and thanking God, and
things which the priests say
whereunto the people say amen; which they use not preaching, but other divine ser vice that whether the priests rehearse the wonderful works God, the great benefits
God unto mankind above other creatures, give thanks unto God, make open pro fession their faith, humble confession of
their sins, with earnest request mercy and forgiveness, make suit request unto God
for any thing; then the people understand ing what the priests say, might give their minds
praying, sing other
the churches,
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827] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553–Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [szs
giving of thanks, the profession of faith, the service said the church: but also reason giv confession of sins, and the requests and peti eth the same, that men commanded tions of the priests and of the people might hear any thing, must spoken language
ascend up into the ears of God altogether, and
be as a sweet savour, odour, and incense in his
nose; and thus was it used many hundred
years after Christ's ascension. . But the afore
said things cannot be done when the priests
speak to the people in a language not known, not whereto, taketh upon him command, and so they, or their clerk in their name, say not only against reason, but also directly against Amen, but they cannot tell whereunto. Whereas God. —And again said, whereas our Saviour saint Paul saith, How can the people say Amen Christ ordained the sacrament his most pre to thy well saying, when they understand not cious body and blood received
what thou say est? And thus was saint Paul Christian people under the forms bread and understood of interpreters, both the Greeks wine, and said the cup, ‘Drink this. " and Latins, old and new, school authors and the pope giveth clean contrary commandment, other that have read, until above thirty years. that lay man shall drink the cup their
ast. At which time one Eckius with other of salvation though the cup salvation by
sort began devise new exposition, un the blood Christ pertained not lay inen. derstanding St. Paul preaching only. —But And whereas Theophilus Alexandrinus, whose
when good number the best learned men reputed within this realm, some favouring the old, some the new learning, they term
works saint Hierome did translate about ele ven hundred years past, saith, “That Christ had been crucified for the devils, his cup should not denied them;’ yet the pope denieth the cup Christ Christian people, for whom
(where indeed that which they call the old,
the new, and that which they call the new,
indeed the old) but when great number Christ was crucified. So that should
which the hearers understand, else, saint Paul saith, what availeth hear? So that the pope giving contrary commandment, that the people coming the church shall hear they wou not what, and shall answer they know
such learned men both sorts, were gathered together Windsor, for the reformation
the service the church; was agreed both, without controversy, not one saying con
trary, that the service the church ought the mother tongue, and that saint Paul
ner “Jubemus omnes Episcopi pariter form bread, And moreover, the bread presbyteri non tacito modo, sed clara yoce, not the sacrament his blood, but his flesh qua, fideli populo exaudiatur, sacram oblatio only nor the cup the sacrament his flesh, nem preces sacro Baptismate adhibitas but blood only. And the pope keep celebrent, quo majori exiude devotione de
promendis Domini Dei laudibus audientium animi afficiantur. Ita enim Divus Paulus
docet Epistola Corinth. solummodo benedicat spiritus, quomodo qui privati locum tenet; dicet gratiarum actionem tuam, Amen quandoquidem quid dicas non videt. Tu quidem pulchre gratias agis, alter autem non
obey the pope these things, must needs disobey my Saviour Christ. — But was an swered hereunto, commonly the papists do answer, that under the form of bread whole Christ's flesh and blood that who
soever receiveth the form bread, receiveth well Christ's blood his fiesh. Let
so, yet the form bread only, Christ's be understood the civil law, more than blood not drunk, but eaten; nor re thousand years past, where Justinianus, most ceived the cup the form wine, Christ godly emperor synod writeth on this inan commanded, but eaten with the flesh under the
the fourteenth chapter the Corinthians was be understood. And saint Paul
dificatur. ” That say, We command that lay people receive not the whole sacrament bishops and priests celebrate the holy ob whereby Christ's death represented
lation and prayers used holy baptism, not commanded. —Moreover, the pope taketh after still close manner, but with clear loud upon him give the temporal sword, royal voice, that they may plainly heard the and imperial power, kings and princes:
faithful people, the hearers minds may be listed thereby with the greater devotion,
uttering the praises the Lord God. For Paul teacheth also the Epistle the Corin thians, “If the spirit only bless, say well, how shall that occupieth the place private person, say, Amen, thy thanks
iving? for perceiveth not what thou sayest.
years continually together have expounded To whom St. Gregory writeth, that therein saint Paul not preaching, only, but other did injury his three brethren, which were
'hou doest give thanks well, but the other
not edified. ' And not only the civil law, and
all other writers thousand and five hundred claimed superiority above other bishops.
lay persons, the sacrament their Christ's blood, which Christ given unto them. —And fur
eth from redemption
representation his death, where his blood was separated from his flesh, which not represented one kind alone: So that the
commandeth
thermore, Christ ordained the sacrament two kinds, the one separated from the other,
doth likewise take upon him depose them from their imperial states, they disobedi
ent him, and commandeth the subjects disobey their princes, assoyling the subjects
well their obedience, their lawful oaths made unto their true kings and princes, direct
contrary God's commandment, who com mandeth subjects obey their kings, their rulers under then. —One John, patriarch
Constantinople, the time St. Gregory
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s29] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARy, 1553. −for Treason and Herety.
[830
equal with him, that is to say, the bishop of know not, but shall pray God give Rome, the bishop of Alexandria, and of Anti him grace, that may seek above things ochia: which three were patriarchal sees, as promote God's honour and glory, and not well as Constantinople, and were brethren follow the trade his predecessors these one to another. But, saith St. Gregory, if latter days. -Nor have spoken for fear any one shall exalt himself above the rest, punishment, and avoid the same, thinking
the universal bishop, the same passeth rather occasion aggravate than dimi pride. But now the bishop Rome exalteth nish my trouble; but have spoken for my himself not only above kings and emperors, most bounden duty the crown, liberties, laws,
and above the whole world, but takes upon and customs this realm England, but
him give and take away, set and pull down, shall think good. And the devil having such authority, yet took upon
him give unto Christ the kingdoms the world, would fall down and worship him
like manner the pope taketh upon him give empires and kingdoms being none his,
such will fall down and worship him, and kiss his feet. —And moreover, his layers and glosers flatter him, that they fain may
command emperors and kings hold his stir rup when lighteth upon his horse, and
most specially discharge my conscience uttering the truth God's glory, casting away fear the comfort which have Christ,
who saith; “Fear not them that kill the body, and cannot kill the soul, but fear him that can cast both body and soul into hell fire. ’ He that for fear lose this life will forsake the truth, shall lose the everlasting life: And that for the truth's sake will spend his life, shall find everlasting life. And Christ promiseth stand fast with them before his Father, which will stand fast with him here. Which com
his footmen and that, any emperor and fort great, that whosoever hath eyes king give him any thing, they give him nothing fixed upon Christ, cannot greatly pass this but that his own, and that may dispense life, knowing that may sure have against God's word, against both the old and Christ stand him the presence his Fa new Testament, against St. Paul's epistles, and ther heaven. —And touching the sacra against the gospel. And furthermore whatso ment, said; Forasmuch the whole matter ever doth, although he draw innumerable standeth the understanding these words people heaps with himself into hell, yet may Christ “This my body; this my blood. ’
mo mortal man reprove him, because judge men, may judged
being
man.
said that Christ these words made demon
stration the bread and wine, and spake figu ratively, calling bread his body, and wine his
God,
were god, and nameth himself God's vi blood, because ordained them sacra
And thus sitteth the temple
car, and yet dispenseth against God.