"Magla naturalis, physique amusante uud auf-
geklarte
Wissenschaft.
Kittler-Friedrich-Optical-Media-pdf
?
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236
? ? ? absolutism
and bull's eye lanterns 70-1
and theater 87-8
acoustics
acoustic media 32-3
and film 154-5, 160-1, 162-3,
198-9, 200 Adorno, T. 2, 3, 36, 140
aesthetics 3, 6
aesthetic handicaps 120
and sound film 200-2 after-image effect
in photography 148-50
in television 209
Alberti, Leon Battista 54,61-5, 82,94
alchemy 121
Alewyn, Richard, Barockes Welttheater 87
Alpdriicken (Nighttnare) 115-16 alphabetical writing and the soul
34-5
analog media 11-12,45-6
analogies 12-13
ancient Greeks 7-8, 14-15
alphabetical writing and the soul 34-5
mathematics 51
painting 37-8,49
science of optics 50
animated cartoons 154 Annunzio, Gabriele D' 187 anthropometry 142 Antonius de Dominis 204 Arabs
mathematics 50-2
scrolls 47
Arago, D. F. J. 129,131,132,134,
136,141
Ardenne, Manfred von 213, 214 Arendt, Hannah 5, 10
Aristotle 9, 51, 52, 91, 93, 96
Poetics 88
theory of movement 147
Arnheim, Rudolf 40-1,63, 140, 141
asphalt and daguerreotypy 128, 129
astronomy 93
Athens, Theater of Dionysus 82 Augustus, Roman Emperor 64 the aura 47
auteur film 179-81
Babbage, Charles 22, 146, 147, 170-1
Bachman, Ingeborg 19
backwards projection in film 166-7 Bacon, Roger 53, 56-7, 58, 60 Bain, Alexander 208-9
INDEX
237
? Baird, John Logie 212
Balazs, Beta 174,201
Balzac, Honore de 139-40,141,
179
The Human Comedy 139
baroque architecture and the
lanterna magica 82-5
baroque theaters 85-8
Basserman, Albert 179
Baudrillard, Jean 37
Bauer, Felice 183
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) 212,216
Beccaria, C. 122
Belting, Hans 56
Benedict, Dr Moritz 35
Benjamin, Walter 24, 40, 43, 126 theory of the aura 47
Benn, Gottfried, The Journey 178 Bergson, H. 24
Berlin Olympics (1936) 212,214 Bertillon, Alphonse 141-2,145,
180
the Bible 47,57-8,78
Bidermann, Jakob, Cenodoxus 85-6, 87
Bischoff, Friedrich 199
Black Mary film studio 163,171,
173, 193
Blow Up (film) 43, 134
Blumenberg, Hans 39
bodies and technology 29-30,
34-41 Boltzmann, Ludwig 125
Bolz, Norbert 221
book technology and Hoffmann's
The Devil's Elixirs 110-11 Bosse, Heinrich 126
Boyle, Robert 8
Braun, Ferdinand 191-2,211-12 BraUD, Wernher von 202
Brecht, Bertolt 92, 150
Short Organon for the Theater
88
Brederkamp, Horst 20
Brockes, Barthold Hinrich 89-92, 93,97,139
Brannen, Arnolt 37, 181
Bruch, Walter 214, 217, 218, 220 Brunelleschi, Filippo 54-61, 62,
63, 82, 91, 94, 148
image panel 55-6,57,59-61 Blichner, Georg, Leonce and Lena
142-3
bull's eye lanterns 70-1
Burckhardt, Jacob 85
Busch, Bernd, Belichtete Welt 57,
60
Busch, Wilhelm 153-4
Byzantine Empire 56
Cabiria (film) 187
Cagliostro, Count Alessandro di
98, 102
camera obscura 11, 12, 22, 69
and Arabic mathematicians 51-2 and daguerreotypy 129-30
and the Enlightenment 93, 94,
100
and film 153, 157, 163, 164 implementation in the
Renaissance 52-4
and lanterna magica 70, 71, 72,
75,76
and linear perspective 57, 58,
60,61-3,68
and lithographs 128
and painters 120, 137
and photography 118, 133, 139 and print technology 65-7
and Romantic literature 110,
112, 114, 116-17
and television 214
candles
baroque theaters 87-8, 170 and lanterna magica 70
carbon arc lamps 161, 170, 206
carrier pigeons 134
cartoons, animated 154 Casanova, Giacomo 98, 101, 102
INDEX
238
? ? ? (:atholic Christianity
concept of visual rays 56-7 Jesuits in China 68-9
see also religious artwork
CBS television 219
Cenodoxus (Bidermann) 85-6 censorship, film 178-9 Chamberlain, Houston Steward
173
Chamisso, Adelbert von 141 Chappe, Claude 74, 129 Charcuterie mechanique
(Mechanical Delicatessen)
166-7,226
childhood figure recognition 39-40 China, linear perspective in 68-9,
76 chlorophyll 121
Chretien, Henri 207
chronophotographic guns 159-60
cinema see film ciphers 64-5
coffee houses 100 Cohen, Leonard 230 colors 119-20
color film 202-7
color television 205,219-21,222 and computers 228
Colt revolvers 16, 145-6, 154, 159,162,175,184
comic strip 153-4 computers 12, 25, 225-30
digital image-processing 27-8,
228
graphics 20, 228
and optical media 26 software 66
and television 225-6, 228 and three-dimensional user
interfaces 226-7
UNIX operating system 227 and virtual reality 227-8
con-artists 98, 121
copperplate engravings 66,69,
copyright law and
nineteenth-century
photography 143-4
cosmic theories 30-1 Counter-Reformation 15, 78-9
and the Enlightenment 93,97,
101, 105-7
and the lanterna magica 77-85,
87,88
and the printing press 22
and Romantic literature 105-7,
113-15
see also Jesuits Cracy, Jonathan 147-8 criminal detection
photography 141-3,145
television 211
Cros, Charles 206 cryptography 64-5, 225 ayptologia 74
cultural studies 7, 26, 33
Daguerre, Louis 1, 112, 120,
127-32, 134, 135, 136, 138,
152
and film 158, 164, 165, 191
daguerreotypy 128-32,133, 139-40
Dante 16
Divine Comedy 82
Paradiso 19
Data 64
death and the soul 35
decimal numbers 52
Demeny, Georges 160-1, 163 Derrida, J. 2,4, 10
Descartes, Rene 58, 75, 122 determinism, technological 6-7, 32 deus ex machina 49
Dialectic of Enlightenment
(Horkheimer and Adorno)
36
Diderot, Denis 92-3, 97, 142, 148 digital communication systems 45,
126, 129, 132, 204
46
INDEX
239
? digital photography 135
digital-ta-analog converters 46
dioramas 127-S, 164 documentary film 165-7, 16S doppelganger and film lS0-2 Doppler, Christian 152
Ducos du Hauroll, Louis Arthur
205,206,209
Dumas, Alexandre, The Three Musketeers lOS
Durer, Albrecht 58, 62, 63, 67, 84, 95, 133
ecto-photography 140-1 Eddington, Sir Arthur 167
Eder, Josef Maria 68, 122, 129-30,
145
Edgerton, Samuel 56
The Heritage of Giotto's Geometry 6S-9
Edison, Thomas 7, 24, 33, 34, 74, 81, 101, 127
and film 153, 154, 160, 161-4, 174, 196, 207
Black Mary film studio 163, 171, 173, 193
the Edison effect 189-91
kinetoscopes 74, 81, 153, 154,
162, 163, 189
light bulbs 161, 162, 163, 164,
173
phonographs 14,33, 74, 161,
163, 189
and television 221
Egyptian painting 49
Egyptian pyramids 59
Einstein, Albert 32,66, 69, 168 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 42,219 Eisner, Lotte, The Haunted Screen
108
Engl, Dr Joseph 194, 196
the Enlightenment 89-117 and phenomenology 93-S poetry 89-92, 112-17
see also Romantic literature
Enzensberger, Hans Magnus 66,
166
Erdmann, Margarethe 115-16 Euclid 95
Elements of Mathematics 50
Eugene of Savoy, Prince 100
Euler, Leonhard 52, 94, 124
Ewers, Hanns Heinz 179 the eyes
and the after-image effect in
photography 14S-50 and the Catholic concept of
visual rays 56-7
and colors 204, 205-6
and communication systems 46 and paintings l1S-19
and poets 90-1
and the science of optics 50
and technical media 29-30, 35-6 and telepresence 222-3
Eytelwein, Johann Albert 84
Faraday, Michael 22,124,150-1, 171
Faulstich, Werner 31
Critical Keywords in Media Studies 32
Faust 27,71, 85
Fechner, Gustav Theodor 148-9,
151,174
fiber-optic cables 2S, 224, 229, 230 figure recognition in
childhood 39-40
film 20,22,23-4,26, 145-207
acoustics 154-5
after-image effect 14S-50 backwards projection 166-7 censorship 178-9
Cinerama 227,228
color film 202-7
and cultural studies 33 documentaries 165-7, 168 horse's leg problem 155-9 implementation 154-60 literature adapted for lOS
INDEX
240
? ? ? ? and moving images 48, 108
and photography 146, 157 prehistory of 145-54 semiotics and the real 40-1 and the senses 35-6, 36-7 silent 160-89
silent reading and film viewing
112-13 and the soul 35
sound film 189-202
stop trick 157, 166, 16-8 stroboscope effect 150-2, 153,
156, 159-60, 171, 188 and television 31, 191-2,
199-200,222,226,227-8
war and military technology 42,
43,173,182-9,191,192-3,
207, 227-8
widescreen 207
and writing 14 films
Alpdrucken (Nightmare) 115-16 Blow Up 43, 134
The Cabinet of Dr Caligari 180 Cabiria 187
Charcuterie mechanique
(Mechanical Delicatessen)
166-7, 226
Frau im Mond (Woman in the
Moon) 202
Golden City 203
Gone with the Wind 203 Grand Illusion 188
Ivan the Terrible 203
The Jazz Singer 194
L'arrivee dJun train ala Ciotat
165-6
The Other 179, 180
The Student of Prague 179,
180-1,187,194
Women Are Better Diplomats
203
Flaubert, Gustave
Madame Bovary 139 Sentimental Education 137-8
Florence
Baptistry doors 54, 56, 59, 60 Cathedral (Santa Maria del
Fiore) 54,55,59, 60 church of S. Giovanni 55-6
Flusser, Vilem 226-7
Ford, Henry 174
Forest, Lee de 192
Foucault, M. 2,4,5,8,10,37,70,
147,192,202
The Discourse on Language 38
Fourier, Baron Joseph 131 Fox, William 162, 198 France
bull's eye lanterns 70
SECAM television system 216 France, Henri de 216,220 Franco-Prussian War (1870) 134 Frank, Manfred 142
Frankfurt School 2-3
Franz Joseph, Kaiser 152-3 Frau im Mond (Woman in the
Moon) 202 Frederick the Great 94
free perspective 94-6
Freemasons 97, 100
French Revolution 37,93,227, 131
Freud, Sigmund 8,24, 111, 166, 169, 181
Civilization and its Discontents
30
and linear perspective 59
Gambetta, Leon 134
Garbo, Greta 201
gaslight 161, 170
Gates, Bill 28
Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis 131 the gaze
cinematic 169, 170-3
and linear perspective 59 gender see women geometry 58
German idealism 96-7
INDEX
241
? ? German universities 9-10,20-1,25 Humboldt University, Berlin 2,
11,22-3,26 ghosts 92, 102-7, 109
Gilbert, John 201
the Gisela patent 197, 198
glass plates, photographic 135, 159 Glogau Jesuit church 82-5 Goebbels, Dr Joseph 115, 202,
203,214
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 8,
50, 71, 85, 124, 139, 142,
155
Elective Affinities 113
Heather Rose 196
Kunst und Handwerk (Art and
Craft) 119
negative after~image, 149
theory of colors 121, 122, 125,
147, 148,204 Goffman, Erving 10
Golden City (film) 203
Gall, Gerhard von 115
Gone with the Wind (film) 203 Goodwin, Reverend Hannibal 136 Gorbachev, M. 43
Gotz, Karl Otto 221-2 gramophone 45
Grand Illusion (film) 188
Greece see ancient Greeks
Gregory XV, Pope 76
Griffith, David 184-5, 189,207 gunpowder 58, 132, 136 Gutenberg printing press 62, 64,
65, 66-7, 68, 76, 81, 125, 126, 134, 204
Habermas, J. 14 Hadamovsky, Eugen 213 Harlan, Veit 203
Hanlll aI-Rashid 52 Hauptmann, Gerhard 179-80 Hawks, Howard 188
HDTV (high-definition
Hegel, G. W. f. 8,9, 13, 26, 59, 107, 112, 121, 134, 224
dialectical negation 119
Phenomenology ofSpirit 93,
96-7
Heidegger, Martin 1,4,22,32,47
Age of the World Picture 75-6, 91-2, 119
Heilig, Morton 1. 227 helIography 128
hell
Jesuit meditations on 77-8, 80,
82
in Jesuit theater 85-6, 87
Helmholtz, Ferdinand von 161, 174, 205, 209
Helmholtz, Hermann 3 hermeneutics 2, 3
Heron of Alexandria 49
Herr, Michael 181-2
Herschel, Friedrich Wilhelm 123,
124, 148, 202 Herschel, Sir John 149
high-definition television (HDTV) 213, 222-4, 225
Hitler, Adolf 214
Hobbes, T. 5
Hoffmann, E. T. A. 69, 118, 168
The Devi! 's Elixirs 109,113-15, 116-17,176-7
Nachtstiicke (Night Pieces) 82, 83, 100
The Serapion Brethren 100 The Jesuit Church in Glogau
82-5, 95 Holderlin, J. 27, 154
Holmes, Oliver Wendell 41, 132 Horkheimer, M. 2, 36
horse's leg problem 155-9 Hughes, Howard 177 Hiilsmeyer, Christian 216 human infants and figure
recognition 39-40 Humboldt University, Berlin 2, 11,
television) 213,222-4,225
22-3,26
INDEX
242
? ? Huygens, Christian 71-2, 73, 93,
122,124
illiteracy and audiovisual media
27-8
illusion and lanterna magica 73 image transmission 48-9
the imaginary and structuralism
39-40
mfrared light 124, 148
Ingres) Jean) La Source (The Spring) 131-2,137
Innis, Harold Adams 6, 29,47
Irigaray, Luce 48
ISDN (Integrated Systems Digital Network) 225
Issensee, Hermann 206
Ivan the Terrible (film) 203 James, William 174
Japan
and HDTV 222, 223-4 and linear perspective 68-9
Javanese shadow puppet theatre 49 The Jazz Singer (film) 194
Jesuits
churches and the lanterna magica 81-5,95
and the Enlightenment 93, 104-5, 106-7
Kircher's artwork 73-5
and linear perspective 68-9) 76
and optical media 76-81 theater 85-8
see also Counter-Reformation
Jews 47
Junger, Ernst 182, 183, 188-9
Kaes, Anton 179
Kafka, Franz, The Judgment 23 Kahn, David 64
Kant, Immanuel 37-8, 96, 97
Critique ofJudgment 105
Kapp, Ernst 30
Kennedy, John F. 43, 219
Kessler, Frank 16
kinetoscopes 74, 81) 153, 154,
162, 163, 164, 189
Kircher) Athanasius 73-5, 76, 77,
79-80, 85, 91, 98, 121, 140 and the stroboscope effect 151-2
Kittler, Friedrich 1-16 Aufschreibesysteme (Discourse
Networks) 2, 3-4, 7, 10, 14 background and education 1-2 Dichter, Mutter, Kind (Poet,
Mother, Child) 2
Eine Kulturgeschichte der Kulturwissenschaft 11
and the Frankfurt School 2-3
Gramophone, Film, Typewriter
7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15
Music and Mathematics 2, 8, 14-15
Klossowski, Pierre, Diana at Her Bath 48
the Koran 47 Kraker, Arthur 18
Lacan, Jacques 39-40,41, 82, 122
The Four Fundamental Concepts ofPsychoanalysis 59
Lambert, Johann Heinrich 94-6, 132, 147, 148
New Organon 95-7
Lang, Fritz 37, 202
languages
and sound film 198
and television 214 Lasteyrie-Dusaillant, Count
Philibert de 126
lanterna magica 22,70-88, 121
and bull's eye lanterns 70-1
and the camera obscura 70, 71, 72
and dioramas 127-8
and the Enlightenment 93, 98,
100-1
and film 153,154,171-2,173
INDEX
243
? ? lanterna magica (cont. )
and Heidegger's Age of the World Picture 75-6
implementation 71-2
and the Jesuits 76-88
in Kircher's artwork 73-5, 80
peep show cabinets 81
peep show theater 169-70, 173 and photography 118, 134, 140,
142
and Romantic literature 93, 109,
112,114,117 Schiller's The Ghost-Seer
103-4, 105-6 Lautenschlager, Karl 86-7
Ledoux, Claude-Nicolas 172 Leibniz, Gottfried 58, 72, 147 Leonardo da Vinci 16, 19,51,54,
58,60
and the camera obscura 53, 57 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim 93, 107 Levinas, Emmanuel 5
light bulbs 161, 162, 163, 164,
173, 191
light and lighting 16
carbon arc lamps 161, 170, 206 and daguerreotypy 132
and fiber-optic cables 224
and the science of optics 50 scientific experiments on 121-5 signal systems using 69
in theaters 169-73
wave theory of light 72, 122,
124, 131 light writing 121-2
Lindau, Paul 179
linear perspective 11,20,22,49,
93
Alberti and geometric paper
drawings 61-5
and Brunelleschi 54-61
and the camera obscura 52-3 in China and Japan 68-9, 76 and film 157, 165-6
and the gaze 59
Lambert on 97
and lanterna magica 75, 82, 84
and mathematics 50-2
I:Isle-Adam, Villiers de 162 lithography 126-7, 128, 129, 132,
138,204 Locke,John 94
Lorenz, Thorsten 23
Knowledge is Medium 33
Louis Philippe, king of the French 131, 138
Loyola, St Ignatius (Inigo Lopez de Recalde) 77-9, 80, 82, 84,
85, 89
Ludendorff, Erich von 182-3, 185 the Luftwaffe and radar 216-17 Luhmann, Niklas 3, 137
Lukacs, Georg 174, 177
Lumiere, Louis and Auguste 33,
160,164-6,169,173,175 Luther, Martin 76,77,78, 81
Mach, Ernst 125, 157, 169 McLuhan, Marshall 6,9, 12, 15, 16,29-31,32,33,34,65,
80, 133, 202, 207 and the monocle 138-9 and television 213, 222 Understanding Media 187
magic lanterns see lanterna magica magicians 121
Mallarme, Stephane 168-9 Malraux, Andre 199
Mandelbrot, Benoit 8, 25, 40, 228, 229
Manet, Edouard 53
Manetti, Antonino di Tuccio, life of
Brunelleschi 55-6, 60
Mann, Thomas, The Magic Mountain 124-5
Marcuse, Herbert 4
Marey, Etienne-Jules 155, 157, 158-60,162,165,174,
187
Masolle, Joseph 194
INDEX
244
? ? ? mathematics
Arabic 50-2
and Brunelleschi 54-6
Greek 51
and Lambert's free perspective
94-5
and phenomenology 96 Shannon's mathematical theory
of communication 43-6 Maurice of Nassau, Prince of
Orange 77
Maxwell, James Clark 204-5, 206 Mead, G. H. 9
media studies 31-2
medieval mystery plays 82 Meissonier, Jean Louis Ernest 158,
159
Melies, Georges 157, 166-8, 175,
180,226
messages and communication
systems 45
Messter, Oskar 185, 186, 200, 207 microphone 45
microscopes 72, 173
Microsoft
digital rights and optical media 28
Kittler's 1990s campaign against
7
military technology see war and military technology
Mill, J. S. 5
mirrors
figure recognition in 39-40 signalling systems using 69,74
modern information theory 32
Moltke, Helmuth, Count von 134
monastery churches and Hoffmann's The Devil's
Elixirs 109-12
the monocle 138-9
Morin, Edgar 169,174
Morley, David 5
Morse, Samuel 132-3,136,145,
mothers reading to children 7 multimedia systems 163 Munich, Residenztheater 86-7 Miinsterberg, Hugo 43,174-7,
196,201
The Photoplay 174
MUSE (Multiple Sub-Nyquist Encoding) 224, 225
Muvbridge, Eadweard 154, 156-9, 161-2, 166
My Pair Lady (musical) 155
Nahokov, Vladimir 181
Lolita 119-20
Nam June Paik 221,222
Napoleon, French Emperor 127,
131, 146, 158,208
Narcissus myth 48-9
nature prints 67-8, 118
naval warfare and television 216 Nazi Germany and television
212-19
negative after-image 149 negatives
colors in paintings 120
in photography 133-5
Nero, Roman emperor 72
Neumann, John von 226, 229
Newton, Isaac 50,58,90,93, 124,
229
solar spectrum 122-3
nickelodeons 162
Niepce, Joseph 112, 120, 127,
128-9, 130, 131, 135,
158
Nietzsche, Friedrich 36, 119
The Birth of Tragedy 22 On the Puture of Our
Educational Institutions
20-1
Nipkow, Paul 33, 209-12, 214 Nixon, Richard 219
noise and communication
systems 45-6
norms and standards 37
208
INDEX
245
? ? ? Navalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg) 137
Heinrich von Ofterdingen 176-7
NTSC (National Television Systems Committee) 219-20, 221
numbers
decimal 52
zero 50
occultism 140
Odyssey (Homer) 108 Ong, Walter J. 27 opera 22,23
see also Wagner, Richard optical lens systems, development
of 72,122
optical mobilization 168-9
optical telegraph 74, 129
Oresme, Nicolas 58, 147
oscilloscope 191-2
The Other (auteur film) 179, 180 Ovid, Metamorphoses 48-9, 108
painting
artistic styles and the senses
37-9
colors 119-21, 203, 205-6 and daguerreotypy 128-32 dioramas 127-8, 164 Greek panel painting 37-8 and optical media 118-19 panoramas 127
and photography 136-45 see also linear perspective
panoramas 127
paper
linear perspective geometric
drawings on 61-5
and photography 132, 133
parastatic smicroscope 74-5, 76,
77, 151-2 Pascal, Blaise 72, 91
peep show cabinets 81, 91, 162 peep show theater 81-5, 88, 113,
perspective
free perspective 94-6
see a/so linear perspective
phenomenology and the Enlightenment 93-8
phonographs 14,33, 74, 161, 163, 189
phosporus 121
photography 20, 22, 45, 118-4;
and the camera obscura 63 and color film 204-5, 206 criminal detection 141-3,145 daguerreotypy 128-32, 133,
139-40 digital 135
and film 146, 157, 160
glass plates 135, 159 implementation 119-25 light-sensitive emulsions 135 and lithography 126-7, 128,
129, 132, 138
negatives 133-5
and painting 136-45
and photometry 95, 132 prehistory 118-19
roll film 135-6, 145 spirit photographs 140-1 and television 208-9
and warfare 41
Photography and Revenge (Maltitz) 181
photometry 95, 132
pigments 119-21
plants, imprints from leaves of
67-8,118
Plateau, Joseph 151-2, 153,
160
Plato 34, 35, 39
allegory of the cave 48-9, 53, 63, 169
Plumpe, Gerhard, Der tote Blick (The Dead Look) 143-4,
145
Poe, Edgar Allan 140
169-70, 173, 175
The Man in the Crowd 143
INDEX
246
? poetry 9
Enlightenment 89-92 Romantic 14, 112-17
pointillism 205-6
police and criminal detection
photography 141-3
television 211
Pompeii 49
porcelain 121
Porta, Giambattista della 53, 71 Porten, Henny 182
positive after~image 149
Pozza, Andrea 85
praxinoscope 154
printing technology 22,65-7,76
and the Enlightenment 97, 107
Gutenberg letterpress 62, 64, 65,
66-7, 68, 76, 81, 125, 126,
134,204
and imprints of plant leaves 67-8 and the Reformation 76-7, 78,
81
rotary printing 125-6, 128
propaganda and lanterna magica 72-5
Proust, Marcel 175 psychoanalysis and film 166, 169 psychophysics, basic law of 149 psychotechnics 77
Ptolemy, Optics 149
Pygmalion (Shaw) 155
Pynchon, Thomas
Gravity's Rainbow 115, 173, 229-30
V 23, 37,41, 119, 135-6, 142, 144,176,179,192
Pythagoras 124
Racine, Jean 87-8
radar 25,42,216-17
radio
communication systems 45 early transmitters 193
the Horspiei (German radio
drama) 15
technology 33
and television 212,215,221 radio plays 189
Ranke, Winfried 80
reading 14-15
Reagan, Ronald 9,43,130, 156 the real 30-1
receivers in communication systems
46
the Reformation 22, 76-7
Regiomontanus 52, 62, 64
Reinhardt, Max 173
relativity, Einstein's theory of 168 religious artwork
Jesuit churches 81-5
optical model of the Stations of
the Cross 74-5, 79-80, 98,
151-2
Renaissance 52-4
see also linear perspective
Renoir, Jean 188
Reynaud, Emile 154, 157 Ricci, Father Matto 68 Richter, Gerhard 137
Ritter, Johann Wilhelm 123-4,
125, 130, 148, 202
Robertson, Etienne Gaspard 101,
109, 128, 140, 153 roll film 135-6, 145
Roman emperors 64, 72 Romantic literature 14,101-17,
118,139
and film 176, 178
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 219
rotary printing 125-6, 128 Rotman, Brian, Signifying Nothing
50-1
royalty, photographs of 138-9 Russell, Jane 177
Russo-Japanese War 173,184,217
Sartre, Jean-Paul 4-5, 24, 142
The Words 178
Schall von Bell, Father Johannes Adam 69
INDEX
247
? ? ? ? SchIller, Friedrich, The Ghost-Seer 102-7, 109
Schivelbusch, Wolfgang 158 Schllipmann, Heide 42, 177-8 Schmitt, Carl 4, 36
Schott, Kaspar 73, 77
Schr6pfer, Johann 128, 140, 153 Schulze, J. H. 121-2, 123, 148 Schwartz, Bertold 58
scientific experiments on light
121-5
scientific reports 8
scrolls 47
SECAM television system 216,221 secret societies 97, 121
security systems and media studies
32
Seeber, Guido 180, 187, 194 semiology 6
Senefelder, Aloys 126, 128, 204 sensory organs
and communication systems 46
and painting 37-9
and technical media 29-30,
35-7
Shannon, Claude Edward 32, 53,
64, 118, 125, 196 channel concept 146-7
The Mathematical Theory of
Communication 43-6 sampling theorem 150-2
and television technology 208,
218, 220
signalling systems in wartime 69,
74
silent film 160-89
and applied psychotechnics 175 auteur film 179-81
and optical mobilization 168-9 origin of 159-68
and sound film 200-2
and theater lighting 169-73 and war 173
and women 176-8
and World War I 182-9
silent reacimg and tUm vIewing
112-13
silicon technology
and computers 228-9 and television 222
silver and daguerreotypy 129, 130 silver salts 121-2, 148
Simmering, Klaus 210,218,223 Simon, Gerard 50
Sissy (feature film) 138 Skladanowsky brothers 164 smicroscope 74-5,76, 77, 151-2 snapshot photography 141 Socratic dialogue 34
solar eclipse 51
solar spectrum 122-3
Sophocles, Oedipus 100
the soul and technology 34-5 sound film 189-202
and aesthetics 200-2
and the Edison effect 189-91 electron tube 191-2, 196
the Gisela patent 197, 198 and languages 198 synchronization 198-200 Tri-Ergon 194-8, 200
Speer, Albert 217
Spigel, Lynn 5
spirit photographs 140-1 standards and technical media 37 Stanford, Leland Senior 156, 158 Starobinski, Jean 93
Stein, Gertrude 174
Steiner, Dr Rudolf 35
stenographia 74
stereophony 45
Stevenson, R. L. , Dr Jekylland Mr
Hyde 181
Stevin, Simon 52
stop trick in film 157, 166, 167-8
Strauss, Leo 5
stroboscope effect in film 150-2, 153,156,159-60,171,
188
Stroheim, Erich von 139
INDEX
248
? ? ? ? ? structuralism and the lmaginary
39-40
The Student of Prague (film) 179,
180-1, 187, 194
Suger, Abbot of St.
Faulstich, Werner, ed. Kritische Stichworte zur Medienwissenschaft. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1979.
Flaubert, Gustave. Sentimental Education. Trans. Robert Baldick. London: Penguin, 1964.
Freud, Sigmund. The Standard Edition o f the Complete Psychological Works ofSigmund Freud. 24 vols. Trans. James Strachey. London: Hogarth Press, 1953-74.
Greard, M. O. Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier, ses souvenirs - ses entretiens precedes d'une etude sur sa vie et son oeuvre. Paris: Librmne Hachette, 1897.
Greve, Ludwig, Pehle, Margot and Westhoff, Heide, eds. Hatte ich das Kino! Die Schriftsteller und der Stumm{ilm. Marbach: Deutsche Schillergesellschaft, 1976.
Halbach, Wulf R. "Reality Engines. " Computer als Medium. Ed. Norbert Bolz, Friedrich Kittler, and Christoph Tholen. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1993, pp. 231-44.
Heidegger, Martin. "The Age of the World Picture. " The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays. Trans. William Lovitt. London: Garland, 1977, pp. 115-54.
Herr, Michael. Dispatches. London: Picador, 1978.
Hoffmann, E. T. A. The Devil's Elixirs. Trans. Ronald Taylor. London:
John Calder, 1963.
Hoffmann, E. T. A. Eight Tales of Hoffmann. Trans. J. M. Cohen.
London: Pan Books, 1952.
Hoffmann, E. T. A. Fantasie- und Nachtstiicke. Ed. Walter Miiller-
Seidel. Munich: Winkler Verlag, 1967.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell. "The Stereoscope and the Stereograph. "
The Atlantic Monthly 3 (1859): 738-48.
Innis, Harold. Empire and Communications. London: Oxford Uni-
versity Press, 1950.
Jauss, Hans Robert. "Nachahmungsprinzip und Wirklichkeitsbegriff
in der Theorie des Romans von Diderot bis Stendhal. " Nachah- mung und Illusion. Ed. Janss. 2nd edn. Munich: Eidos Verlag, 1969, pp. 157-78.
Jay, Paul. Lumieres et images, la photographie: Histoire sommaire des techniques photographiques au XIXe siecle. Chalon-sur-Saone: Musee Nicephore Niepce, 1981.
Kaes, Anton, ed. Die Kino-Dehatte: Texte zum Verhaltnis von Literatur und Film 1909-1929. Tiibingen: Niemeyer, 1978.
Kant, Immanuel. Critique ofJudgment. Trans. J. H. Bernard. New York: Hafner, 1951.
233
? ? ? BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kraker, Arthur. Technology and the Canadian Mind: InnislMcLuhanl Grant. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984.
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236
? ? ? absolutism
and bull's eye lanterns 70-1
and theater 87-8
acoustics
acoustic media 32-3
and film 154-5, 160-1, 162-3,
198-9, 200 Adorno, T. 2, 3, 36, 140
aesthetics 3, 6
aesthetic handicaps 120
and sound film 200-2 after-image effect
in photography 148-50
in television 209
Alberti, Leon Battista 54,61-5, 82,94
alchemy 121
Alewyn, Richard, Barockes Welttheater 87
Alpdriicken (Nighttnare) 115-16 alphabetical writing and the soul
34-5
analog media 11-12,45-6
analogies 12-13
ancient Greeks 7-8, 14-15
alphabetical writing and the soul 34-5
mathematics 51
painting 37-8,49
science of optics 50
animated cartoons 154 Annunzio, Gabriele D' 187 anthropometry 142 Antonius de Dominis 204 Arabs
mathematics 50-2
scrolls 47
Arago, D. F. J. 129,131,132,134,
136,141
Ardenne, Manfred von 213, 214 Arendt, Hannah 5, 10
Aristotle 9, 51, 52, 91, 93, 96
Poetics 88
theory of movement 147
Arnheim, Rudolf 40-1,63, 140, 141
asphalt and daguerreotypy 128, 129
astronomy 93
Athens, Theater of Dionysus 82 Augustus, Roman Emperor 64 the aura 47
auteur film 179-81
Babbage, Charles 22, 146, 147, 170-1
Bachman, Ingeborg 19
backwards projection in film 166-7 Bacon, Roger 53, 56-7, 58, 60 Bain, Alexander 208-9
INDEX
237
? Baird, John Logie 212
Balazs, Beta 174,201
Balzac, Honore de 139-40,141,
179
The Human Comedy 139
baroque architecture and the
lanterna magica 82-5
baroque theaters 85-8
Basserman, Albert 179
Baudrillard, Jean 37
Bauer, Felice 183
BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) 212,216
Beccaria, C. 122
Belting, Hans 56
Benedict, Dr Moritz 35
Benjamin, Walter 24, 40, 43, 126 theory of the aura 47
Benn, Gottfried, The Journey 178 Bergson, H. 24
Berlin Olympics (1936) 212,214 Bertillon, Alphonse 141-2,145,
180
the Bible 47,57-8,78
Bidermann, Jakob, Cenodoxus 85-6, 87
Bischoff, Friedrich 199
Black Mary film studio 163,171,
173, 193
Blow Up (film) 43, 134
Blumenberg, Hans 39
bodies and technology 29-30,
34-41 Boltzmann, Ludwig 125
Bolz, Norbert 221
book technology and Hoffmann's
The Devil's Elixirs 110-11 Bosse, Heinrich 126
Boyle, Robert 8
Braun, Ferdinand 191-2,211-12 BraUD, Wernher von 202
Brecht, Bertolt 92, 150
Short Organon for the Theater
88
Brederkamp, Horst 20
Brockes, Barthold Hinrich 89-92, 93,97,139
Brannen, Arnolt 37, 181
Bruch, Walter 214, 217, 218, 220 Brunelleschi, Filippo 54-61, 62,
63, 82, 91, 94, 148
image panel 55-6,57,59-61 Blichner, Georg, Leonce and Lena
142-3
bull's eye lanterns 70-1
Burckhardt, Jacob 85
Busch, Bernd, Belichtete Welt 57,
60
Busch, Wilhelm 153-4
Byzantine Empire 56
Cabiria (film) 187
Cagliostro, Count Alessandro di
98, 102
camera obscura 11, 12, 22, 69
and Arabic mathematicians 51-2 and daguerreotypy 129-30
and the Enlightenment 93, 94,
100
and film 153, 157, 163, 164 implementation in the
Renaissance 52-4
and lanterna magica 70, 71, 72,
75,76
and linear perspective 57, 58,
60,61-3,68
and lithographs 128
and painters 120, 137
and photography 118, 133, 139 and print technology 65-7
and Romantic literature 110,
112, 114, 116-17
and television 214
candles
baroque theaters 87-8, 170 and lanterna magica 70
carbon arc lamps 161, 170, 206
carrier pigeons 134
cartoons, animated 154 Casanova, Giacomo 98, 101, 102
INDEX
238
? ? ? (:atholic Christianity
concept of visual rays 56-7 Jesuits in China 68-9
see also religious artwork
CBS television 219
Cenodoxus (Bidermann) 85-6 censorship, film 178-9 Chamberlain, Houston Steward
173
Chamisso, Adelbert von 141 Chappe, Claude 74, 129 Charcuterie mechanique
(Mechanical Delicatessen)
166-7,226
childhood figure recognition 39-40 China, linear perspective in 68-9,
76 chlorophyll 121
Chretien, Henri 207
chronophotographic guns 159-60
cinema see film ciphers 64-5
coffee houses 100 Cohen, Leonard 230 colors 119-20
color film 202-7
color television 205,219-21,222 and computers 228
Colt revolvers 16, 145-6, 154, 159,162,175,184
comic strip 153-4 computers 12, 25, 225-30
digital image-processing 27-8,
228
graphics 20, 228
and optical media 26 software 66
and television 225-6, 228 and three-dimensional user
interfaces 226-7
UNIX operating system 227 and virtual reality 227-8
con-artists 98, 121
copperplate engravings 66,69,
copyright law and
nineteenth-century
photography 143-4
cosmic theories 30-1 Counter-Reformation 15, 78-9
and the Enlightenment 93,97,
101, 105-7
and the lanterna magica 77-85,
87,88
and the printing press 22
and Romantic literature 105-7,
113-15
see also Jesuits Cracy, Jonathan 147-8 criminal detection
photography 141-3,145
television 211
Cros, Charles 206 cryptography 64-5, 225 ayptologia 74
cultural studies 7, 26, 33
Daguerre, Louis 1, 112, 120,
127-32, 134, 135, 136, 138,
152
and film 158, 164, 165, 191
daguerreotypy 128-32,133, 139-40
Dante 16
Divine Comedy 82
Paradiso 19
Data 64
death and the soul 35
decimal numbers 52
Demeny, Georges 160-1, 163 Derrida, J. 2,4, 10
Descartes, Rene 58, 75, 122 determinism, technological 6-7, 32 deus ex machina 49
Dialectic of Enlightenment
(Horkheimer and Adorno)
36
Diderot, Denis 92-3, 97, 142, 148 digital communication systems 45,
126, 129, 132, 204
46
INDEX
239
? digital photography 135
digital-ta-analog converters 46
dioramas 127-S, 164 documentary film 165-7, 16S doppelganger and film lS0-2 Doppler, Christian 152
Ducos du Hauroll, Louis Arthur
205,206,209
Dumas, Alexandre, The Three Musketeers lOS
Durer, Albrecht 58, 62, 63, 67, 84, 95, 133
ecto-photography 140-1 Eddington, Sir Arthur 167
Eder, Josef Maria 68, 122, 129-30,
145
Edgerton, Samuel 56
The Heritage of Giotto's Geometry 6S-9
Edison, Thomas 7, 24, 33, 34, 74, 81, 101, 127
and film 153, 154, 160, 161-4, 174, 196, 207
Black Mary film studio 163, 171, 173, 193
the Edison effect 189-91
kinetoscopes 74, 81, 153, 154,
162, 163, 189
light bulbs 161, 162, 163, 164,
173
phonographs 14,33, 74, 161,
163, 189
and television 221
Egyptian painting 49
Egyptian pyramids 59
Einstein, Albert 32,66, 69, 168 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 42,219 Eisner, Lotte, The Haunted Screen
108
Engl, Dr Joseph 194, 196
the Enlightenment 89-117 and phenomenology 93-S poetry 89-92, 112-17
see also Romantic literature
Enzensberger, Hans Magnus 66,
166
Erdmann, Margarethe 115-16 Euclid 95
Elements of Mathematics 50
Eugene of Savoy, Prince 100
Euler, Leonhard 52, 94, 124
Ewers, Hanns Heinz 179 the eyes
and the after-image effect in
photography 14S-50 and the Catholic concept of
visual rays 56-7
and colors 204, 205-6
and communication systems 46 and paintings l1S-19
and poets 90-1
and the science of optics 50
and technical media 29-30, 35-6 and telepresence 222-3
Eytelwein, Johann Albert 84
Faraday, Michael 22,124,150-1, 171
Faulstich, Werner 31
Critical Keywords in Media Studies 32
Faust 27,71, 85
Fechner, Gustav Theodor 148-9,
151,174
fiber-optic cables 2S, 224, 229, 230 figure recognition in
childhood 39-40
film 20,22,23-4,26, 145-207
acoustics 154-5
after-image effect 14S-50 backwards projection 166-7 censorship 178-9
Cinerama 227,228
color film 202-7
and cultural studies 33 documentaries 165-7, 168 horse's leg problem 155-9 implementation 154-60 literature adapted for lOS
INDEX
240
? ? ? ? and moving images 48, 108
and photography 146, 157 prehistory of 145-54 semiotics and the real 40-1 and the senses 35-6, 36-7 silent 160-89
silent reading and film viewing
112-13 and the soul 35
sound film 189-202
stop trick 157, 166, 16-8 stroboscope effect 150-2, 153,
156, 159-60, 171, 188 and television 31, 191-2,
199-200,222,226,227-8
war and military technology 42,
43,173,182-9,191,192-3,
207, 227-8
widescreen 207
and writing 14 films
Alpdrucken (Nightmare) 115-16 Blow Up 43, 134
The Cabinet of Dr Caligari 180 Cabiria 187
Charcuterie mechanique
(Mechanical Delicatessen)
166-7, 226
Frau im Mond (Woman in the
Moon) 202
Golden City 203
Gone with the Wind 203 Grand Illusion 188
Ivan the Terrible 203
The Jazz Singer 194
L'arrivee dJun train ala Ciotat
165-6
The Other 179, 180
The Student of Prague 179,
180-1,187,194
Women Are Better Diplomats
203
Flaubert, Gustave
Madame Bovary 139 Sentimental Education 137-8
Florence
Baptistry doors 54, 56, 59, 60 Cathedral (Santa Maria del
Fiore) 54,55,59, 60 church of S. Giovanni 55-6
Flusser, Vilem 226-7
Ford, Henry 174
Forest, Lee de 192
Foucault, M. 2,4,5,8,10,37,70,
147,192,202
The Discourse on Language 38
Fourier, Baron Joseph 131 Fox, William 162, 198 France
bull's eye lanterns 70
SECAM television system 216 France, Henri de 216,220 Franco-Prussian War (1870) 134 Frank, Manfred 142
Frankfurt School 2-3
Franz Joseph, Kaiser 152-3 Frau im Mond (Woman in the
Moon) 202 Frederick the Great 94
free perspective 94-6
Freemasons 97, 100
French Revolution 37,93,227, 131
Freud, Sigmund 8,24, 111, 166, 169, 181
Civilization and its Discontents
30
and linear perspective 59
Gambetta, Leon 134
Garbo, Greta 201
gaslight 161, 170
Gates, Bill 28
Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis 131 the gaze
cinematic 169, 170-3
and linear perspective 59 gender see women geometry 58
German idealism 96-7
INDEX
241
? ? German universities 9-10,20-1,25 Humboldt University, Berlin 2,
11,22-3,26 ghosts 92, 102-7, 109
Gilbert, John 201
the Gisela patent 197, 198
glass plates, photographic 135, 159 Glogau Jesuit church 82-5 Goebbels, Dr Joseph 115, 202,
203,214
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 8,
50, 71, 85, 124, 139, 142,
155
Elective Affinities 113
Heather Rose 196
Kunst und Handwerk (Art and
Craft) 119
negative after~image, 149
theory of colors 121, 122, 125,
147, 148,204 Goffman, Erving 10
Golden City (film) 203
Gall, Gerhard von 115
Gone with the Wind (film) 203 Goodwin, Reverend Hannibal 136 Gorbachev, M. 43
Gotz, Karl Otto 221-2 gramophone 45
Grand Illusion (film) 188
Greece see ancient Greeks
Gregory XV, Pope 76
Griffith, David 184-5, 189,207 gunpowder 58, 132, 136 Gutenberg printing press 62, 64,
65, 66-7, 68, 76, 81, 125, 126, 134, 204
Habermas, J. 14 Hadamovsky, Eugen 213 Harlan, Veit 203
Hanlll aI-Rashid 52 Hauptmann, Gerhard 179-80 Hawks, Howard 188
HDTV (high-definition
Hegel, G. W. f. 8,9, 13, 26, 59, 107, 112, 121, 134, 224
dialectical negation 119
Phenomenology ofSpirit 93,
96-7
Heidegger, Martin 1,4,22,32,47
Age of the World Picture 75-6, 91-2, 119
Heilig, Morton 1. 227 helIography 128
hell
Jesuit meditations on 77-8, 80,
82
in Jesuit theater 85-6, 87
Helmholtz, Ferdinand von 161, 174, 205, 209
Helmholtz, Hermann 3 hermeneutics 2, 3
Heron of Alexandria 49
Herr, Michael 181-2
Herschel, Friedrich Wilhelm 123,
124, 148, 202 Herschel, Sir John 149
high-definition television (HDTV) 213, 222-4, 225
Hitler, Adolf 214
Hobbes, T. 5
Hoffmann, E. T. A. 69, 118, 168
The Devi! 's Elixirs 109,113-15, 116-17,176-7
Nachtstiicke (Night Pieces) 82, 83, 100
The Serapion Brethren 100 The Jesuit Church in Glogau
82-5, 95 Holderlin, J. 27, 154
Holmes, Oliver Wendell 41, 132 Horkheimer, M. 2, 36
horse's leg problem 155-9 Hughes, Howard 177 Hiilsmeyer, Christian 216 human infants and figure
recognition 39-40 Humboldt University, Berlin 2, 11,
television) 213,222-4,225
22-3,26
INDEX
242
? ? Huygens, Christian 71-2, 73, 93,
122,124
illiteracy and audiovisual media
27-8
illusion and lanterna magica 73 image transmission 48-9
the imaginary and structuralism
39-40
mfrared light 124, 148
Ingres) Jean) La Source (The Spring) 131-2,137
Innis, Harold Adams 6, 29,47
Irigaray, Luce 48
ISDN (Integrated Systems Digital Network) 225
Issensee, Hermann 206
Ivan the Terrible (film) 203 James, William 174
Japan
and HDTV 222, 223-4 and linear perspective 68-9
Javanese shadow puppet theatre 49 The Jazz Singer (film) 194
Jesuits
churches and the lanterna magica 81-5,95
and the Enlightenment 93, 104-5, 106-7
Kircher's artwork 73-5
and linear perspective 68-9) 76
and optical media 76-81 theater 85-8
see also Counter-Reformation
Jews 47
Junger, Ernst 182, 183, 188-9
Kaes, Anton 179
Kafka, Franz, The Judgment 23 Kahn, David 64
Kant, Immanuel 37-8, 96, 97
Critique ofJudgment 105
Kapp, Ernst 30
Kennedy, John F. 43, 219
Kessler, Frank 16
kinetoscopes 74, 81) 153, 154,
162, 163, 164, 189
Kircher) Athanasius 73-5, 76, 77,
79-80, 85, 91, 98, 121, 140 and the stroboscope effect 151-2
Kittler, Friedrich 1-16 Aufschreibesysteme (Discourse
Networks) 2, 3-4, 7, 10, 14 background and education 1-2 Dichter, Mutter, Kind (Poet,
Mother, Child) 2
Eine Kulturgeschichte der Kulturwissenschaft 11
and the Frankfurt School 2-3
Gramophone, Film, Typewriter
7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15
Music and Mathematics 2, 8, 14-15
Klossowski, Pierre, Diana at Her Bath 48
the Koran 47 Kraker, Arthur 18
Lacan, Jacques 39-40,41, 82, 122
The Four Fundamental Concepts ofPsychoanalysis 59
Lambert, Johann Heinrich 94-6, 132, 147, 148
New Organon 95-7
Lang, Fritz 37, 202
languages
and sound film 198
and television 214 Lasteyrie-Dusaillant, Count
Philibert de 126
lanterna magica 22,70-88, 121
and bull's eye lanterns 70-1
and the camera obscura 70, 71, 72
and dioramas 127-8
and the Enlightenment 93, 98,
100-1
and film 153,154,171-2,173
INDEX
243
? ? lanterna magica (cont. )
and Heidegger's Age of the World Picture 75-6
implementation 71-2
and the Jesuits 76-88
in Kircher's artwork 73-5, 80
peep show cabinets 81
peep show theater 169-70, 173 and photography 118, 134, 140,
142
and Romantic literature 93, 109,
112,114,117 Schiller's The Ghost-Seer
103-4, 105-6 Lautenschlager, Karl 86-7
Ledoux, Claude-Nicolas 172 Leibniz, Gottfried 58, 72, 147 Leonardo da Vinci 16, 19,51,54,
58,60
and the camera obscura 53, 57 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim 93, 107 Levinas, Emmanuel 5
light bulbs 161, 162, 163, 164,
173, 191
light and lighting 16
carbon arc lamps 161, 170, 206 and daguerreotypy 132
and fiber-optic cables 224
and the science of optics 50 scientific experiments on 121-5 signal systems using 69
in theaters 169-73
wave theory of light 72, 122,
124, 131 light writing 121-2
Lindau, Paul 179
linear perspective 11,20,22,49,
93
Alberti and geometric paper
drawings 61-5
and Brunelleschi 54-61
and the camera obscura 52-3 in China and Japan 68-9, 76 and film 157, 165-6
and the gaze 59
Lambert on 97
and lanterna magica 75, 82, 84
and mathematics 50-2
I:Isle-Adam, Villiers de 162 lithography 126-7, 128, 129, 132,
138,204 Locke,John 94
Lorenz, Thorsten 23
Knowledge is Medium 33
Louis Philippe, king of the French 131, 138
Loyola, St Ignatius (Inigo Lopez de Recalde) 77-9, 80, 82, 84,
85, 89
Ludendorff, Erich von 182-3, 185 the Luftwaffe and radar 216-17 Luhmann, Niklas 3, 137
Lukacs, Georg 174, 177
Lumiere, Louis and Auguste 33,
160,164-6,169,173,175 Luther, Martin 76,77,78, 81
Mach, Ernst 125, 157, 169 McLuhan, Marshall 6,9, 12, 15, 16,29-31,32,33,34,65,
80, 133, 202, 207 and the monocle 138-9 and television 213, 222 Understanding Media 187
magic lanterns see lanterna magica magicians 121
Mallarme, Stephane 168-9 Malraux, Andre 199
Mandelbrot, Benoit 8, 25, 40, 228, 229
Manet, Edouard 53
Manetti, Antonino di Tuccio, life of
Brunelleschi 55-6, 60
Mann, Thomas, The Magic Mountain 124-5
Marcuse, Herbert 4
Marey, Etienne-Jules 155, 157, 158-60,162,165,174,
187
Masolle, Joseph 194
INDEX
244
? ? ? mathematics
Arabic 50-2
and Brunelleschi 54-6
Greek 51
and Lambert's free perspective
94-5
and phenomenology 96 Shannon's mathematical theory
of communication 43-6 Maurice of Nassau, Prince of
Orange 77
Maxwell, James Clark 204-5, 206 Mead, G. H. 9
media studies 31-2
medieval mystery plays 82 Meissonier, Jean Louis Ernest 158,
159
Melies, Georges 157, 166-8, 175,
180,226
messages and communication
systems 45
Messter, Oskar 185, 186, 200, 207 microphone 45
microscopes 72, 173
Microsoft
digital rights and optical media 28
Kittler's 1990s campaign against
7
military technology see war and military technology
Mill, J. S. 5
mirrors
figure recognition in 39-40 signalling systems using 69,74
modern information theory 32
Moltke, Helmuth, Count von 134
monastery churches and Hoffmann's The Devil's
Elixirs 109-12
the monocle 138-9
Morin, Edgar 169,174
Morley, David 5
Morse, Samuel 132-3,136,145,
mothers reading to children 7 multimedia systems 163 Munich, Residenztheater 86-7 Miinsterberg, Hugo 43,174-7,
196,201
The Photoplay 174
MUSE (Multiple Sub-Nyquist Encoding) 224, 225
Muvbridge, Eadweard 154, 156-9, 161-2, 166
My Pair Lady (musical) 155
Nahokov, Vladimir 181
Lolita 119-20
Nam June Paik 221,222
Napoleon, French Emperor 127,
131, 146, 158,208
Narcissus myth 48-9
nature prints 67-8, 118
naval warfare and television 216 Nazi Germany and television
212-19
negative after-image 149 negatives
colors in paintings 120
in photography 133-5
Nero, Roman emperor 72
Neumann, John von 226, 229
Newton, Isaac 50,58,90,93, 124,
229
solar spectrum 122-3
nickelodeons 162
Niepce, Joseph 112, 120, 127,
128-9, 130, 131, 135,
158
Nietzsche, Friedrich 36, 119
The Birth of Tragedy 22 On the Puture of Our
Educational Institutions
20-1
Nipkow, Paul 33, 209-12, 214 Nixon, Richard 219
noise and communication
systems 45-6
norms and standards 37
208
INDEX
245
? ? ? Navalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg) 137
Heinrich von Ofterdingen 176-7
NTSC (National Television Systems Committee) 219-20, 221
numbers
decimal 52
zero 50
occultism 140
Odyssey (Homer) 108 Ong, Walter J. 27 opera 22,23
see also Wagner, Richard optical lens systems, development
of 72,122
optical mobilization 168-9
optical telegraph 74, 129
Oresme, Nicolas 58, 147
oscilloscope 191-2
The Other (auteur film) 179, 180 Ovid, Metamorphoses 48-9, 108
painting
artistic styles and the senses
37-9
colors 119-21, 203, 205-6 and daguerreotypy 128-32 dioramas 127-8, 164 Greek panel painting 37-8 and optical media 118-19 panoramas 127
and photography 136-45 see also linear perspective
panoramas 127
paper
linear perspective geometric
drawings on 61-5
and photography 132, 133
parastatic smicroscope 74-5, 76,
77, 151-2 Pascal, Blaise 72, 91
peep show cabinets 81, 91, 162 peep show theater 81-5, 88, 113,
perspective
free perspective 94-6
see a/so linear perspective
phenomenology and the Enlightenment 93-8
phonographs 14,33, 74, 161, 163, 189
phosporus 121
photography 20, 22, 45, 118-4;
and the camera obscura 63 and color film 204-5, 206 criminal detection 141-3,145 daguerreotypy 128-32, 133,
139-40 digital 135
and film 146, 157, 160
glass plates 135, 159 implementation 119-25 light-sensitive emulsions 135 and lithography 126-7, 128,
129, 132, 138
negatives 133-5
and painting 136-45
and photometry 95, 132 prehistory 118-19
roll film 135-6, 145 spirit photographs 140-1 and television 208-9
and warfare 41
Photography and Revenge (Maltitz) 181
photometry 95, 132
pigments 119-21
plants, imprints from leaves of
67-8,118
Plateau, Joseph 151-2, 153,
160
Plato 34, 35, 39
allegory of the cave 48-9, 53, 63, 169
Plumpe, Gerhard, Der tote Blick (The Dead Look) 143-4,
145
Poe, Edgar Allan 140
169-70, 173, 175
The Man in the Crowd 143
INDEX
246
? poetry 9
Enlightenment 89-92 Romantic 14, 112-17
pointillism 205-6
police and criminal detection
photography 141-3
television 211
Pompeii 49
porcelain 121
Porta, Giambattista della 53, 71 Porten, Henny 182
positive after~image 149
Pozza, Andrea 85
praxinoscope 154
printing technology 22,65-7,76
and the Enlightenment 97, 107
Gutenberg letterpress 62, 64, 65,
66-7, 68, 76, 81, 125, 126,
134,204
and imprints of plant leaves 67-8 and the Reformation 76-7, 78,
81
rotary printing 125-6, 128
propaganda and lanterna magica 72-5
Proust, Marcel 175 psychoanalysis and film 166, 169 psychophysics, basic law of 149 psychotechnics 77
Ptolemy, Optics 149
Pygmalion (Shaw) 155
Pynchon, Thomas
Gravity's Rainbow 115, 173, 229-30
V 23, 37,41, 119, 135-6, 142, 144,176,179,192
Pythagoras 124
Racine, Jean 87-8
radar 25,42,216-17
radio
communication systems 45 early transmitters 193
the Horspiei (German radio
drama) 15
technology 33
and television 212,215,221 radio plays 189
Ranke, Winfried 80
reading 14-15
Reagan, Ronald 9,43,130, 156 the real 30-1
receivers in communication systems
46
the Reformation 22, 76-7
Regiomontanus 52, 62, 64
Reinhardt, Max 173
relativity, Einstein's theory of 168 religious artwork
Jesuit churches 81-5
optical model of the Stations of
the Cross 74-5, 79-80, 98,
151-2
Renaissance 52-4
see also linear perspective
Renoir, Jean 188
Reynaud, Emile 154, 157 Ricci, Father Matto 68 Richter, Gerhard 137
Ritter, Johann Wilhelm 123-4,
125, 130, 148, 202
Robertson, Etienne Gaspard 101,
109, 128, 140, 153 roll film 135-6, 145
Roman emperors 64, 72 Romantic literature 14,101-17,
118,139
and film 176, 178
Roosevelt, Franklin D. 219
rotary printing 125-6, 128 Rotman, Brian, Signifying Nothing
50-1
royalty, photographs of 138-9 Russell, Jane 177
Russo-Japanese War 173,184,217
Sartre, Jean-Paul 4-5, 24, 142
The Words 178
Schall von Bell, Father Johannes Adam 69
INDEX
247
? ? ? ? SchIller, Friedrich, The Ghost-Seer 102-7, 109
Schivelbusch, Wolfgang 158 Schllipmann, Heide 42, 177-8 Schmitt, Carl 4, 36
Schott, Kaspar 73, 77
Schr6pfer, Johann 128, 140, 153 Schulze, J. H. 121-2, 123, 148 Schwartz, Bertold 58
scientific experiments on light
121-5
scientific reports 8
scrolls 47
SECAM television system 216,221 secret societies 97, 121
security systems and media studies
32
Seeber, Guido 180, 187, 194 semiology 6
Senefelder, Aloys 126, 128, 204 sensory organs
and communication systems 46
and painting 37-9
and technical media 29-30,
35-7
Shannon, Claude Edward 32, 53,
64, 118, 125, 196 channel concept 146-7
The Mathematical Theory of
Communication 43-6 sampling theorem 150-2
and television technology 208,
218, 220
signalling systems in wartime 69,
74
silent film 160-89
and applied psychotechnics 175 auteur film 179-81
and optical mobilization 168-9 origin of 159-68
and sound film 200-2
and theater lighting 169-73 and war 173
and women 176-8
and World War I 182-9
silent reacimg and tUm vIewing
112-13
silicon technology
and computers 228-9 and television 222
silver and daguerreotypy 129, 130 silver salts 121-2, 148
Simmering, Klaus 210,218,223 Simon, Gerard 50
Sissy (feature film) 138 Skladanowsky brothers 164 smicroscope 74-5,76, 77, 151-2 snapshot photography 141 Socratic dialogue 34
solar eclipse 51
solar spectrum 122-3
Sophocles, Oedipus 100
the soul and technology 34-5 sound film 189-202
and aesthetics 200-2
and the Edison effect 189-91 electron tube 191-2, 196
the Gisela patent 197, 198 and languages 198 synchronization 198-200 Tri-Ergon 194-8, 200
Speer, Albert 217
Spigel, Lynn 5
spirit photographs 140-1 standards and technical media 37 Stanford, Leland Senior 156, 158 Starobinski, Jean 93
Stein, Gertrude 174
Steiner, Dr Rudolf 35
stenographia 74
stereophony 45
Stevenson, R. L. , Dr Jekylland Mr
Hyde 181
Stevin, Simon 52
stop trick in film 157, 166, 167-8
Strauss, Leo 5
stroboscope effect in film 150-2, 153,156,159-60,171,
188
Stroheim, Erich von 139
INDEX
248
? ? ? ? ? structuralism and the lmaginary
39-40
The Student of Prague (film) 179,
180-1, 187, 194
Suger, Abbot of St.
