No More Learning

59. Quoted in Glover, 1999, p. 53.
60. Quoted in Glover, 1999, pp. 37-38.
61. Bourke, 1999, pp. 63-64; Graves, 1992; Spiller, 1988.
62. Bourke, 1999; Glover, 1999; Horowitz, 2001.
63. Daly & Wilson, 1988; Glover, 1999; Schelling, 1960.
64. Chagnon, 1992; Daly & Wilson, 1988; Wrangham & Peterson, 1996.
65. Van den Berghe, 1981.
66. Epstein, 1994; Epstein & Axtell, 1996; Richardson, 1960; Saperstein, 1995.
67. Chagnon, 1988; Chagnon, 1992.
68. Glover, 1999.
69. Vasquez, 1992.
70. Rosen, 1992.
71. Wrangham, 1999.
72. Daly&Wilson, 1988.
73. Daly&Wilson, 1988, pp. 225-226.
74. Daly & Wilson, 1988; Frank, 1988; Schelling, 1960.
75. Brown, 1985; Horowitz, 2001.
76. Daly&Wilson, 1988.
77. Daly & Wilson, 1988; Fox & Zawitz, 2000; Nisbett & Cohen, 1996.
78. Daly & Wilson, 1988, p. 127.
79. Daly&Wilson, 1988, p. 229.
? 80. Chagnon, 1992; Daly&Wilson, 1988; Frank, 1988.
81. Nisbett & Cohen, 1996.
82. Nisbett & Cohen, 1996.
83. E. Anderson, "The code of the streets," Atlantic Monthly, May 1994, pp. 81-94. 84. See also Patterson, 1997.
85. E. Anderson, "The code of the streets," Atlantic Monthly, May 1994, pp. 81-94, quotation from p. 82.
86. Quoted in L. Helmuth, "Has America's tide of violence receded for good? " Science, 289, 2000, pp. 582-585, quotation from p. 582. 87. L. Helmuth, "Has America's tide of violence receded for good? " Science, 289, 2000, pp. 582-585, quotation from p. 583.
88. Wilkinson, 2000; Wilson & Daly, 1997.
89. Harris, 1998a, pp. 212-213.
90. Hobbes, 1651/1957, p. 190.
91. Hobbes, 1651/1957, p. 223.
92. Fry, 2000.
93. Daly & Wilson, 1988; Keeley, 1996.
94. Daly & Wilson, 1988; Nisbett & Cohen, 1996.
95. Daly&Wilson, 1988.
96. Daly&Wilson, 1988.
97. Wilson & Herrnstein, 1985.
98. L. Helmuth, "Has America's tide of violence receded for good? " Science, 289, 2000; Kelling&Sousa, 2001.
99. Time, October 17,1969, p. 47.
100. Kennedy, 1997.
101. National Defense Council Foundation, Alexandria, Va. , www. ndcf. org/index. htm.
102. Quoted by Glover, 1999, p. 227.
103. Horowitz, 2001; Keegan, 1976.
104. C. Nickerson, "Canadians remain gun-shy of Americans," Boston Globe, February 11, 2001.
105. Quoted in Wright, 2000, p. 61.
106. Chagnon, 1988; Chagnon, 1992.
107. Axelrod, 1984.
108. Glover, 1999, p. 159.
109. Glover, 1999, p. 202.
110. Axelrod, 1984; Ridley, 1997.
111. Glover, 1999, pp. 231-232.
112. M. J. Wilkinson, personal communication, October 29,2001; Wilkinson, in press.
113. See Chapters 3 and 13, and also Fodor & Pylyshyn, 1988; Miller, Galanter, & Pribram, 1960; Pinker, 1997, chap. 2; Pinker, 1999, chap. 1.
Chapter 18: Gender
1. Jaggar, 1983.
2. Quoted in Jaggar, 1983, p. 27.
3. J. N. Wilford, "Sexes equal on South Sea isle," New York Times, March 29,1994.
4. L. Tye, "Girls appear to be closing aggression gap with boys," Boston Globe, March 26, 1998.
5. M. Zoll, "What about the boys? " Boston Globe, April 23, 1998.
6. Quoted in Young, 1999, p. 247.
7. Crittenden, 1999; Shalit, 1999.
8. L. Kass, "The end of courtship," Public Interest, 126, Winter 1997.
9. Patai, 1998.
10. Grant, 1993; Jaggar, 1983; Tong, 1998. {456}
11. Sommers, 1994. See also Jaggar, 1983.
12. Quoted in Sommers, 1994, p. 22.
13. Gilligan, 1982.
14. Jaffe & Hyde, 2000; Sommers, 1994, chap. 7; Walker, 1984.
15. Belenkyetal. , 1986.
16. Denfeld, 1995; Kaminer, 1990; Lehrman, 1997; McElroy, 1996; Paglia, 1992; Patai, 1998; Patai & Koertge, 1994; Sommers, 1994; Taylor, 1992; Young, 1999.
17. Sommers, 1994.
18. Denfeld, 1995; Lehrman, 1997; Roiphe, 1993; Walker, 1995.
19. S.
Boxer, "One casualty of the women's movement: Feminism," New York Times, December 14, 1997.
20. C. Paglia, "Crying wolf," Salon, February 7,2001.
21. Patai, 1998; Sommers, 1994.
22. Trivers, 1976; Trivers, 1981; Trivers, 1985.
23. Trivers & WiUard, 1973.
24. Jensen, 1998, chap. 13.
25. Blum, 1997; Eagly, 1995; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999.
26. Salmon & Symons, 2001; Symons, 1979.
27. Daly & Wilson, 1988. Surgery anecdote from Barry, 1995.
? ? ? ? ? 28. Geary, 1998; Maccoby & Jacklin, 1987.
29. Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999.
30. Blum, 1997; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Hedges & Nowell, 1995; Lubinski & Benbow, 1992.
31. Hedges & Nowell, 1995; Lubinski & Benbow, 1992.
32. Blum, 1997; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999.
33. Blum, 1997; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999.
34. Provine, 1993.
35. Hrdy, 1999.
36. Fausto-Sterling, 1985, pp. 152-153.
37. Brown, 1991.
38. Buss, 1999; Geary, 1998; Ridley, 1993; Symons, 1979; Trivers, 1972.
39. Daly & Wilson, 1983; Geary, 1998; Hauser, 2000.
40. Geary, 1998; Silverman & Eals, 1992.
41. Gibbons, 2000.
42. Blum, 1997; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999.
43. Blum, 1997; Geary, 1998; Gur & Gur, in press; Gur et al, 1999; Halpern, 2000; Jensen, 1998; Kimura, 1999; Neisser et al. , 1996.
44. Dabbs & Dabbs, 2000; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999; Sapolsky, 1997.
45. A. Sullivan, "Testosterone power," Women's Quarterly, Summer 2000.
46. Kimura, 1999.
47. Blum, 1997; Gangestad & Thornhill, 1998.
48. Blum, 1997; Geary, 1998; Halpern, 2000; Kimura, 1999.
49. Symons, 1979, chap. 9.
50. Reiner, 2000.
51. Quoted in Halpern, 2000, p. 9.
52. Quoted in Colapinto, 2000.
53. Colapinto, 2000; Diamond & Sigmundson, 1997.
54. Skuse et al. , 1997.
55. Barkley et al. , 1977; Harris, 1998a; Lytton & Romney, 1991; Maccoby & Jacklin, 1987.
56. B. Friedan, "The future of feminism," Free Inquiry, Summer 1999.
57. "Land of plenty: Diversity as America's competitive edge in science, engineering, and . technology," Report of the Congressional Commission on the Advancement of Women and Minorities in Science, Engineering, and Technology Development, September 2000. 58. J. Alper, "The pipeline is leaking women all the way along," Science, 260, April 16,1993; J. Mervis, "Efforts to boost diversity face persistent problems," Science, 284, June 11,1999; J. Mervis, "Diversity: Easier said than done," Science, 289, March 16,2000; J. Mervis, "NSF searches for right way to help women," Science, 289, July 21,2000; J. Mervis, "Gender equity: NSF program targets institutional change," Science, 291, July 21, 2001.
59. J. Mervis, "Efforts to boost diversity face persistent problems," Science, 284, June 11, 1999, p. 1757.
60. P. Healy, "Faculty shortage: Women in sciences," Boston Globe, January 31,2001.
61. C. Holden, "Parity as a goal sparks bitter battle," Science, 289, July 21,2000, p. 380.
62. Quoted in Young, 1999, pp. 22, 34-35.
63. Estrich, 2000; Furchtgott-Roth & Stolba, 1999; Goldin, 1990; Gottfredson, 1988; Hausman, 1999; Kleinfeld, 1999; Lehrman, 1997; Lubinski & Benbow, 1992; Roback, 1993; Schwartz, 1992; Young, 1999.
64. Browne, 1998; Furchtgott-Roth & Stolba, 1999; Goldin, 1990.
65. In a random sample of 100 members of the International Association for the Study of Child Language, I counted 75 women and 25 men. The Stanford Child Language Research Forum lists 18 past keynote speakers on its web site (csli. stanford. edu/~clrf/history. html): 15 women and 3 men.
66. Browne, 1998; Furchtgott-Roth & Stolba, 1999; Goldin, 1990; Gottfredson, 1988; Kleinfeld, 1999; Roback, 1993; Young, 1999.
67. Lubinski & Benbow, 1992. {457}
68. See Browne, 1998, and the references in note 63.
69. Buss, 1992; Ellis, 1992.
70. Hrdy, 1999.
71. Browne, 1998; Hrdy, 1999.
72. Roback, 1993.
73. Becker, 1991.
74. Furchtgott-Roth & Stolba, 1999.
75. Quoted in C. Young, "Sex and science," Salon, April 12, 2001.
76. Quoted in C. Holden, "Parity as a goal sparks bitter battle," Science, 289, July 21, 2000.
77. Quoted in C. Holden, "Parity as a goal sparks bitter battle," Science, 289, July 21,2000.
78. Kleinfeld, 1999.
79. National Science Foundation, Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 1998, www. nsf. gov/sbe/ srs/nsf99338.
80. Thornhill & Palmer, 2000.
81. "Report on the situation of human rights in the territory of the former Yugoslavia," 1993. United Nations Document E/CN. 4/1993/50. 82. J. E. Beals, "Ending the silence on sexual violence," Boston Globe, April 10,2000.
83. R. Haynor, "Violence against women," Boston Globe, October 22,2000.
84. Brownmiller, 1975, p. 14.
85. Young, 1999, p. 139.
? ? ? 86. McElroy, 1996.
87. McElroy, 1996.
88. Thiessen &Young, 1994.
89. Dworkin, 1993.
90. J. Tooby & L. Cosmides, "Reply to Jerry Coyne," www. psych. ucsb. edu/research/cep/tnr. html.
91. Gordon &Riger, 1991, p. 47.
92. Rose & Rose, 2000, p.