He was
ordained
a Presbyterian minis-
ter in 1795.
ter in 1795.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
(1873); (The Impec- See Lenau.
cable Théophile Gautier (1883); and (La Fon- Niemcewicz, Julian Ursin (nyem-se'vitch).
taine and the Human Comedy' (1885).
A Polish poet, historian, and publicist ; born in
Lithuania, 1758; died at Paris, 1841. His public
Nicolay, John George. An American jour-
career was quite distinguished ; and he accom-
nalist and historical writer ; born at Essingen,
panied Kosciuszko to this country. He married
Rhenish Bavaria, Feb. 26, 1832. He came to
Mrs. Livingston Kean of New York. His prin-
the United States in 1838. He was engaged
cipal works are: Historical Songs of Poland);
in journalism in the West; was private secre-
(History of the Reign of Sigismund III. ! ; 'Con-
tary of President Lincoln, 1861-65; United
tributions to the Ancient History of Poland);
States consul at Paris, 1865-69; and marshal
and a romance called John of Tenczyn.
of the United States Supreme Court, 1872–87.
His chief work is (Abraham Lincoln: A His- Nieriker, Mrs. May (Alcott) (nē'rik-ėr). An
tory) (1891), written in collaboration with John American artist and author, daughter of A. B.
Hay. He has also published (The Outbreak Alcott; born in Massachusetts in 1840; died
of the Rebellion) (1881).
in 1879. Her works are : "Concord Sketches!
(1869), and (Studying Art Abroad) (1879).
Nicole, François Léon Etienne (nē-kõl).
A Haytian poet; born near Grande Rivere in Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (nētsh'é). A
1731 ; died at Cap Français in 1773. He was
German writer; born in Röcken, Oct. 15, 1844.
a mulatto. Educated in a Jesuit college, he
His writings have attracted a great deal of at-
went to Paris in 1750, where Voltaire introduced tention owing to their extreme character. His
him to literary circles. Louis XV. granted
principal works include : (The Birth of Tragedy
him a pension in recognition of his talents.
from the Spirit of Music) (4th ed. 1895); (Thus
He published: (The Romance of the Slave) Spake Zarathustra (4th ed. 1895); Beyond
(1766); (Tropical Flowers) (1770); and New
Good and Evil) (5th ed. 1895); (The Genealogy
Poems) (1772).
of Morality) (4th ed. 1895); (The Overturning
(Umwertung) of all Values [Werte), the last
Nicole, Pierre. A French theological and
remaining incomplete, although deemed his
philosophical writer; born at Chartres, 1625;
masterpiece.
died 1695. He is best known for his Moral
Essays and Theological Instructions) (25 vols. ,
Nievo, Ippolito (nyā'vo). An Italian poet
1671-), a collection of treatises, of which the
and story-writer; born in Padua, Nov. 30, 1832;
one entitled “On the Means of Preserving
died at sea, March 4, 1801. His best-known
Peace) is very famous. He also wrote (Trea-
work is (The Confessions of an Octogenarian
tise on Human Faith (1064), and “The Imagi-
(new ed. 1887), a historical novel. His Poems)
native and the Visionary) (1667).
(1883) are admired.
Nikitin, Ivan Savich (nē-kit'in). A Rus-
Nicoll, Robert. A Scotch poet; born in
Perthshire, 1814; died 1837. His Poems)
sian poet; born in Varonesh, Oct. 3. 1824;
died Oct. 28, 1861. His (Peasant Hangman'
(1835) were very popular, but he died at so
(1858), and Poems) (1856), «Taras,' and other
early an age that the promise of his first book
remained unfulfilled.
verse, have given him a conspicuous place.
Nicoll, William Robertson. A Scotch cler-
Niles, John Milton. An American lawyer,
journalist, and statesman; born in Windsor,
gyman and editor ; born in Auchendoir, Aber-
Conn. , Aug. 20, 1787; died in Hartford, Conn. ,.
deenshire, Oct. 10, 1851. He took an M. A. at
Aberdeen University; was minister of the Free
May 31, 1856. In 1817 he founded the Hart-
Church at Kelso for eight years; on account of
ford Times; was twice United States Senator;
and in 1840 became Postmaster-General. Be-
ill-health he resigned, in 1887 started the Brit-
sides addresses and speeches he published :
ish Weekly, one of the most successful religious
(Lives of Perry, Lawrence, Pike, and Harri.
papers in England, and within recent years has
son) (1820); (History of the Revolution in
been English editor of the Bookman. Among
Mexico and South America' (1839).
his publications are: (Calls to Christ) (1877);
(The Incarnate Saviour: A Life of Jesus Christ) Nisard, Jean Marie Napoléon Désiré (nē.
(1881); (John Bunyan (1884) in the Evangel- sär'). A French man of letters; born at Châ-
ical Succession series; (Ten-Minute Sermons ) tillon-sur-Seine, March 20, 1806; died at San
(1895); (The Key of the Grave.
Remo, Italy, March 15, 1888. He was noted
## p. 405 (#421) ############################################
NIZAMI - NORRIS
405
as a critic, and also for his (Studies of Morals
and Criticism on the Latin Poets during the
Decline of Learning(1834), and History of
French Literature) (1844-61).
Nizami or Nizamee (nē-shä'mē). A Persian
poet; born 1141; died 1202. His works are:
the "Store house of Mysteries,' a religious poem;
Khusrau and Shirin,' a metrical tale; Lailă
and Majnūn,' a romantic epic; 'Seven Portraits,'
love stories; and the Alexander Book. *
Noah, Mordecai Manuel. An American law.
yer, editor, and author; born in Philadelphia,
July 14, 1785; died in New York, May 22,
1851. During his journalistic career in New
York he was connected with seven newspapers.
He made an unsuccessful attempt to found a
Jewish colony on Grand Island, in the Niagara
River. His chief works are : (The Siege of
Tripoli) and (The Fortress of Sorrente,' dra-
mas; (Travels in England, France, and Spain)
(1819); (Gleanings from a Gathered Harvest
(1845).
Noble, Annette Lucile. An American writer
of fiction; born in Albion, Orleans County, N. Y. ,
July 12, 1844. She is a frequent contributor to
magazines. Among her works are :(Uncle Jack's
Executors) (1880 ); (Tarryport Schoolhouse
( 1882 ); (After the Failure) ( 1887 ); “Rachel's
Farm) (1894).
Noble, Louis Legrand. An American poet;
born in Lisbon, N. Y. , Sept. 26, 1813; died in
Ionia, Mich. , Feb. 6, 1882. He published: (Ne.
Ma-Min: An Indian Story, in three cantos
(1852); « The Course of Empire, Voyage of Life,
and Other Pictures of Thomas Cole, with Se-
lections from his Letters and Miscellaneous
Writings Illustrative of his Life, Character, and
Genius) (1853); (The Lady Angeline, A Lay
of the Appalachians; The Hours; and Other
Poems) (1857).
Noble, Lucretia Gray. An American novel-
ist; a native of Lowell, Mass. ; born 18–. At
an early age she removed to Wilbraham, Mass. ,
where she now resides. Besides contributions
to magazines, she wrote the popular novel 'A
Reverend Idol (1882).
Nodier, Charles (nöd-yā'). A French ro-
mance-writer and poet; born at Besançon,
April 1780; died 1844. His works include:
"Entomological Bibliography) (1801); Napo-
leone) (1802), a satiric ode; (The Painter of
Salzburg) (1803), “The Exiles,' (Jean Sbogar)
(1818), (Thérèse Aubert) (1819), romances;
(Dictionary of French Onomatopeia) (1808);
(Picturesque and Romantic Travels in Ancient
France) (1820); and others. *
Noel, Roden Berkeley Wriothesley. An
English poet ; born 1834; died 1894. He pub-
lished: Behind the Veil and Other Poems)
(1863); Beatrice and Other Poems) (1868);
and various additional volumes.
Noel, Thomas. An English poet ;
died 1861. He published several volumes of
verse, among them Rhymes and Roundelayes )
(1841), in which is the poem “The Pauper's
Drive, often erroneously attributed to Hood.
Nogaret, François Felix (no-gä-rā'). A
French poet and man of letters; born at Ver-
sailles, 1740; died 1831. He wrote : (The Apol-
ogy for my Taste ) (1771), a work on natural
history; (Tales in Verse) (5th ed. 1810); and
several plays.
Nomsz, Jan (nomz). A Dutch playwright
and poet; born at Amsterdam, 1738; died 1803.
His most popular work is Maria van Lalain,
a tragedy; (Zoroaster); and a poem (1779) of
which William I. of Orange is the hero.
Nonius Marcellus (nõ'nē-us). A Roman
writer on syntax, who Aourished in the fourth
century. His Correctness in [the use of]
Words) is important because of its citations
from classic works now lost.
Nordau, Max Simon (nôr'dou). A German
prose-writer and critic; born at Pesth, Hungary,
July 29, 1849. His most celebrated work is
(Degeneration' (1893), but he has written :(Paris
under the Third Republic) (1881); (The Con-
ventional Lies of our Civilization (1883); Par-
adoxes) (1886); (The Sickness of the Century)
(1889), a novel; and other books.
Nordhoff, Charles (nôrd'hof). An Ameri-
can journalist and author; born at Erwitte
in Westphalia, Aug. 31, 1830. He came to
the United States in 1835, and was a sailor for
nine years. He was on the staff of the New
York Evening Post from 1861 to 1871, and later
correspondent of the New York Herald at
Washington, D. C. Among his works are :
(Man-of-War Life) (1855); (Merchant Vessel)
(1855); Cape Cod and All Along Shore) (1868);
Northern California) (1873); (Politics for
Young Americans) (1875); (Peninsular Cali-
fornia) (1888).
Nordmann, Johannes Rumpelmaier (nord'.
män). An Austrian poet and descriptive writer;
born near Krems, March 13, 1820; died in Vi.
enna, Aug. 20, 1887. He was connected with
several prominent periodicals, and also wrote:
(Poems) (1847); (A Marshal of France) (1857),
a tragedy; 'Springtime Evenings in Salamanca)
(3d ed. 1880); several novels; and a record of
travel called My Sundays) (2d ed. 1880).
Noriac, Claude Antoine Jules Cairon (nor-
yäk'). A French novelist and publicist ; born
at Limoges, 1827; died at Paris, Oct. I, 1882.
His novels include : « The Countess of Bruges)
(1878), and “The Chevalier de Cerny) (1879).
(Paris as It Is) (1884), and many others of
equal merit, are in the list of his most im-
portant works.
Norman, Henry. An American journalist
and author; born in Massachusetts in 1858.
Besides contributions to magazines he has writ-
ten : (The Broken Shaft) (1886); (The Witch-
ing Time (1887); (The Real Japan' (1892);
( Peoples and Politics of the Far East) (1895).
Norris, William E. An English novelist; born
in London, 1847. His very numerous works
3
(
born 1799 ;
## p. 406 (#422) ############################################
406
NORTH-NYE
include : Heaps of Money) (1877); (Mademoi-
selle de Mersac) (1880); Matrimony (1881);
(No New Thing); “His Grace); (A Deplora-
ble Affair); (The Countess Radna' (1893);
(My Friend Jim'; (The Rogue. *
North, Christopher. See Wilson, John.
North, Simeon. An American educator and
author; born in Berlin, Conn. , Sept. 7, 1802;
died in Clinton, N. Y. , Feb. 12, 1884. He is
widely known as president of Hamilton Col-
lege, 1839-57. His works include: (The Amer-
ican System of Collegiate Education (1839);
(Faith in the World's Conversion (1842); 'The
Weapons in Christian Warfare) (1849); (Obe-
dience in Death) (1849); (Half-Century Letter
of Reminiscences) (1879).
Norton, Caroline Elizabeth Sarah. An
English poet and miscellaneous prose-writer;
born in 1808; died 1877. She was a grand-
daughter of Richard Brinsley Sheridan. Her
first book of poetry, (The Sorrows of Rosalie)
(1829), was published when she was seventeen.
Her (The Undying One) (1830), a poem; (A
Voice from the Factories) (1836); (The Dream,
and Other Poems) (1840); and Aunt Carry's
Ballads) (1847), contain much admired verse.
She also wrote (Stuart of Dunleith) (1847), a
novel, and Lives of the Sheridans.
Norton, Charles Eliot. An American
scholar and author; born at Cambridge, Mass. ,
Nov. 16, 1827. He was one of the editors of
the North American Review 1863-68, and is
professor in Harvard University. Among his
writings are : Notes of Travel and Study in
Italy) (1860); (The New Life) of Dante Ali-
ghieri, translated, with Essays and Notes)
(1867); (Historical Studies of Church-Building
in the Middle Ages) (1880). *
Norton, Charles Ledyard. An American
journalist and author; born at Farmington,
Conn. , in 1837. He graduated at Yale in 1859.
He was editor of the Christian Union 1869-79,
and in 1893 became editor of Outing. His
chief works are: Canoeing in Kanuckia)
(1878), with J. Habberton; "Handbook of
Florida) (1890); (A Medal of Honor Man; or,
Cruising among Blockade-Runners) (1896).
Norton, Thomas. An English dramatist ;
born in Bedfordshire, 1532; died 1584.
owes his place in literature to the fact that he
was joint author with Sackville of the earli-
est English blank-verse tragedy, called “The
Tragedie of Gorboduc) (1560-61), based on the
legendary history of a British king.
Nott, Eliphalet. An American clergyman
and educator; born at Ashford, Conn. , June
25, 1773; died at Schenectady, N. Y. , Jan. 29,
1866.
He was ordained a Presbyterian minis-
ter in 1795. After holding pastorates in Cherry
Valley and Albany, N. Y. , he became presi-
dent of Union College in 1804, where he re-
mained until his death. His chief works
are : (Counsels to Young Men) (1810), and
Lectures on Temperance) (1847). His funeral
sermon on the death of Alexander Hamilton
was famous, and in the school readers for
many years.
Noue, François de la (nö), called Bras de
Fer (Iron Arm). A French Huguenot com-
mander; born near Nantes, 1531 ; killed at
Lamballe, 1591. His Political and Military
Discourses) (1587) are deemed masterpieces.
Novalls (nõ-väl'ēs), pseudonym of Friedrich
von Hardenberg. A German philosopher and
mystic; born in Saxony, 1772; died 1801. His
works include: Hymns to the Night) (1797);
(Disciples at Sais); and (Heinrich von Oſter-
dingen,' his most considerable work. *
Noyes, John Humphrey. An American
communist; born in Brattleboro, Vt. , Sept. 6,
1811; died at Niagara Falls, Canada, April 13,
1886. He is best known as the founder of the
Oneida Community. He published: (The Sec-
ond Coming of Christ) (1859); (Salvation from
Sin the End of Christian Faith) (1869); (His-
tory of American Socialism (1870).
Numatlanus, Rutilius Claudius (nö-mä-tē.
ä'nös). A Roman poet of Gallic birth. He
wrote (Of His Return,' a metrical narrative of
a visit to his native country, which had been
devastated by the Gothic invader. This poem
is supposed to date from 416 A. D. , and it has
not come down to us complete.
Nuñez, Rafael (nön'yāth). President of
Colombia; born in Carthagena, Sept. 28, 1825.
He is a brilliant writer, and his poems rank
high in Spanish literature. The most widely
known are: Que Sais-je ? ! ; Dulce Ignoran-
cia); 'Todavía and Möises. ' His publications
include: Ensayos de Critica Social (1876);
(La Reforma Politica en Colombia' (1885).
Nuñez de Arce, Gaspar (nön'yāth dā
är'thā). A Spanish dramatist and poet, known
as the “Spanish Tennyson "); born at Vallado-
lid, Aug. 6, 1834. Of his plays the most nota.
ble are the comedies (Who Is the Author ? )
(1859); Neither So Much nor So Little) (1865);
(El Laz de Leña, a drama in five acts on the
subject of Don Carlos. Among his remarkably
popular lyric and patriotic poems are: “The
Last Lament of Lord Byron' (23d ed. 1884);
(Battle Cries) (5th ed. 1885); (Vertigo) (25th
ed. 1886); (An Idyl and an Elegy) (18th ed.
1886).
Nye, Edgar Wilson. An American journal-
ist, lecturer, and humorist; born at Shirley, Me. ,
Aug. 25, 1850; died near Asheville, N. C. , Feb.
22, 1896. He settled in Wyoming Territory as
a young man, studied law, and was admitted
to the bar lin 1876. Afterwards he removed
to New York city, and became famous as a
humorous lecturer and writer under the pseu-
donym of «Bill Nye. ) Among his works are :
(Bill Nye and the Boomerang) (1881); (Forty
Liars) (1883); Remarks) (1886); (Fun, Wit,
and Humor) (1889), with J. W. Riley; 'Comic
History of the United States) (1894); "Comic
History of England” (1896).
He
## p. 407 (#423) ############################################
OBER - OHNET
407
O
Ober, Frederick Albion. An American Cahirciveen, County Kerry, Aug. 6, 1775; died
ornithologist, traveler, and author; born in in Genoa, Italy, May 15, 1847. His Life and
Beverly, Mass. , Feb. 13, 1849. He has traveled Speeches) (1846) appeared under the editorial
extensively in Florida, the West Indies, and supervision of his son; and there is also an edi.
Mexico; and is the author of a large number tion of the Correspondence of Daniel O'Con-
of books of travel and descriptive works, prin- nell' by Fitzpatrick. His Life) has been writ-
cipally for young readers. Among the best ten by W. Fagan (1847); M. F. Cusack (1872);
known are: (Camps in the Caribbees) (1880); J. O'Rourke and O'Keefe (1875); J. A. Hamil-
(The Silver City' (1883); “Young Folks' His- ton (1888). See also O'Neill Daunt's Personal
tory of Mexico' (1883); (Montezuma's Gold Recollections.
Mines) (1887); (In the Wake of Columbus)
O'Connor, William Douglas. An Ameri-
(1893); “Knockabout Club Series.
can author; born in Boston, Jan. 2, 1833; died
Oberholtzer, Mrs. Sara Louisa (Vickers). in 1889. He was on the editorial staff of the
An American poet; born in Chester County, Saturday Evening Post, Philadelphia, from 1854
Pa. , May 20, 1841. Her works include: (Violet to 1860, and afterwards held several government
Lee and Other Poems) (1872); (Come for positions at Washington, D. C. His chief works
Arbutus) (1882); «Hope's Heart Bells, a story are : (The Ghost) (1856); Harrington' (1860),
of Quaker life (1884); Daisies of Verse) a novel; “Hamlet's Note-Book) (1886).
(1886); and (Souvenirs of Occasions. )
O'Conor, John Francis Xavier. An Ameri-
O'Brien, Fitz-James. An Irish-American can Catholic clergyman and author; born in
poet and story-writer; born in Limerick, 1828 ; New York in 1852. He is a member of the
died April 6, 1862. His writings comprise Society of Jesus, and a professor in Boston
(The Diamond Lens and Other Stories, and College. His works include: “Something Real);
many poems. His collected works appeared (Lyric and Dramatic Poetry); Reading and
in 1881. *
the Mind.
Occam or Ockham, William. A scholastic Oehlenschläger or Öhlenschläger, Adam
philosopher; born at Occam, Surrey, England; Gottlob (él'en-shlāg''er). A leading Danish
died in Munich, Bavaria, in 1347, at an ad- poet; born near Copenhagen, Nov. 14, 1779;
vanced age. Throughout his life he strenu- died Jan. 20, 1850. His works comprise :
ously contested the right of the pope to political (Poems) (1803); (First Song of the Edda);
power and secular possessions. His skill in (A Journey to Langeland); (The Life of Christ
logic gave him the name "Doctor Invincibi.
Annually Repeated in Nature); 'Earl Hakon);
lis. His chief works are: (Tractatus Logi- (Thor's Journey to Jötunheim); (Palnatoke);
ces); Quodlibeta Septem'; (Super Quatuor (Axel and Valborg); (The Little Shepherd
Libros Sententiarum); Expositio Aurea super Boy'; and several tragedies, including (Socra-
Totam Artem Veterum. Besides these there tes) and "Hamlet. *
are commentaries and polemics.
Oettinger or Öttinger, Eduard Marie (ét'-
Occleve or Hoccleve, Thomas. An early ing-er). A German journalist and novelist;
English poet and lawyer; supposed to have
born in Breslau in 1808; died 1872. He edited
been born about 1370. He wrote (The Story several satirical journals; and published a
of Jonathan) and other poems. His poetry, number of novels, among which is (Onkel
according to Hallam, abounds with pedantry, Zebra' (7 vols. , 1843). He also wrote a work
and is destitute of all grace and spirit. ” entitled “Rossini (1847), which is said to be a
Ochoa y Acuna, Antonio (ō-cho'a ē ä-kö'nä). romance rather than a biography; and "Biblio-
A Mexican poet; born in Huichapam, April graphie Biographique Universelle) (2 vols. , 1850–
27, 1783; died in Queretaro, Aug. 4, 1833. His
54), the most complete work on that subject.
first satirical work appeared in 1806. In 1811
Ohnet, Georges (ō-nā'). A French novelist
he was admitted to the Arcadia Mexicana, a
and dramatist ; born in Paris, April 3, 1848.
society of poets; the same year he wrote (Don
Among his dramatic works are “Regina Sarpi)
Alphonso,' a tragedy. Love by Proxy,' a com-
(1875) and (Martha) (1877). His novels have
edy, was presented in 1831. His works, under appeared as serials in Figaro, L'Illustration,
the name of Poems of a Mexican,' have been
and the Revue des Deux Mondes, before being
issued in this country (1820).
He was
published in book form ; some of them have
priest, and wrote under the name of “Pastor
been adapted to the stage, notably (The Forge
Antimio. ” He is greatly admired by his coun. Master. Among his stories are: (Black and
trymen.
Red); Doctor Rameau) (1888); Pierre's Soul)
O'Connell, Daniel. The great Irish orator (1890); "Les Dames de Croix-Mort) (1886);
and statesman; was born at Carhen House, (La Comtesse Sarah); "Last Love' (1890).
a
## p. 408 (#424) ############################################
O'KEEFE- OLSSON
408"
O'Keefe, John. An Irish dramatist; born in
Dublin, June 24, 1747; died at Southampton,
Feb. 4, 1833. He was designed for an artist;
but becoming stage-struck, left Dublin for Lon.
don, where, failing to procure a theatrical en-
gagement, he devoted himself entirely to dra-
matic composition. He produced nearly fifty
comedies, comic operas, and farces, which were
extremely popular. Among the principal ones
were : (The Castle of Andalusia); Wild Oats);
(The Poor Soldier); (The Young Quaker';
and "Peeping Tom. '
oldham, John. An English poet and sat-
irist; born in Shipton, Gloucestershire, in August
1653; died 1683. He was educated at the
school of Tedbury, and then at Oxford. He
had many patrons, the last being the Earl of
Kingston, in whose house he died. His works
have been published in three volumes.
Oldmixon, John. An English political writer;
born in Bridgewater, Somersetshire, 1673; died
1742. His principal works were : (A History
of England (2 vols. ); "Life of Arthur Mayn-
waring); and (Life of Queen Anne. He was
distinguished for his hatred of the Stuart fam-
ily.
oldys, William. An English biographer
and antiquary; born July 14, 1696 ; died April
15, 1761. In 1737 he succeeded to the care of
Lord Oxford's (the Harleian) library, the cata-
logue of which was partly drawn up by him.
He wrote : "Life of Sir Walter Raleigh);
(The British Librarian); (The Universal Spec-
tator); 22 lives in the Biographia Britannica. '
His most valuable and curious work is an an-
notated copy, now in the British Museum, of
Langbaine's (Account of the Early Dramatick
Poets. Mr. James Yeowell published in 1862
(A Memoir of Oldys, together with his Diary,
Choice Notes from his Adversaria, and an Ac-
count of the London Libraries. )
Oliphant, Laurence. An English writer
and traveler, who was more remarkable than
his books. He was born in Cape Town, South
Africa, in 1829; died at Twickenham, England,
Dec. 23, 1888. Of good family and position,
he roamed over the earth, deeply interested in
the mystic philosophy of the East; and while
sometimes holding official positions, was essen-
tially a dreamer who cared most for the things
of the spirit, and gave up brilliant prospects
and the pleasures dearest to humanity in order
to elevate his soul. He published a dozen
books, including three novels; several works of
a politico-military nature, such as (A Narrative
of the Earl of Elgin's Mission to China and
Japan) (1860); and various journalistic and
philosophic books, like Episodes in a Life
of Adventure) (1887) and (Scientific Religion
(1888).
Oliphant, Margaret Oliphant Wilson. A
Scotch novelist; born 1828; died 1897. Her
numerous works include: "Zaidee) (1856);
(Chronicles of Carlingford); (The Story of
Valentine and his Brother); (Sir Tom); In
Trust); (A House Divided against Itself);
(The Cuckoo in the Nest'; English Liter-
ature at the End of the Eighteenth and Begin-
ning of the Nineteenth Century); Victorian
Age of English Literature); (Makers of Flor-
ence, Venice, and Rome. *
Olivier, Juste Daniel (ā-lēv-yā'). A Swiss
poet; born in Eysius, Canton of Vaud, Oct. 18,
1807; died in Geneva, Jan. 7, 1876. In 1830 he
published his first volume of poems, Poèmes
Suisses. This was followed by (The Future
(1831); 'Songs from Afar) (1833); and many
others. He also wrote many works in prose. He
spent most of the last years of his life in Paris.
Ollivier, Émile. A French statesman and
political writer; born at Marseilles, July 2, 1825.
He was elected to the French Academy (1870)
as successor to Lamartine. His main works
are : (Democracy and Liberty) (1867); "Church
and State in the Council of the Vatican) (2
vols. , 1879); (Thiers in the Academy and in
History) (1880); (1789 and 1889' (1890).
Olmedo, José Joaquin (ol-mā'do). A South-
American poet; born in Guayaquil in 1781 ;
died there, Jan. 19, 1847. His verses have been
highly praised. One of his best poems is a
(Song to Bolivar) (1826). His Collected
Works) (Valparaiso, 1848; Paris, 1853; and
Mexico, 1862) have been widely circulated.
Olmsted, Frederick Law. The renowned
American architect and designer of public
parks; born in Hartford, Conn. , April 26, 1822.
He designed Central Park in New York, and
the park systems of Boston, Chicago, Buf-
falo, and other cities. His publications in-
clude: (Walks and Talks of an American
Farmer in England (1852); (A Journey in the
Seaboard Slave States) (1856); A Journey in
Texas) (1857); (A Journey in the Back Coun-
try) (1861). These books may be regarded as
diversions,-though some of them are of per-
manent interest and instructiveness, -as his
engineering work has been constant, and is of
the highest beauty, value, and repute.
Olney, Jesse. An American geographer;
born in Union, Conn. , Oct. 12, 1798; died in
Stratford, Conn. , July 31, 1872. In 1828 he first
published (A Geography and Atlas,' which be-
came a standard work for thirty years, and
caused a revolution in the methods of teaching
geography. He published a series of text-books
(1831-52), including a series of Readers,' a
(Common School Arithmetic, a (History of
the United States); and a volume of poems,
(Psalms of Life.
Olsson, Olof (ol'sen). A Swedish Lutheran
clergyman and educator; born in Björtorp,
March 31, 1841. He came to this country in
1868, and was professor and president of Augus-
tana College, Rock Island, Ill.
cable Théophile Gautier (1883); and (La Fon- Niemcewicz, Julian Ursin (nyem-se'vitch).
taine and the Human Comedy' (1885).
A Polish poet, historian, and publicist ; born in
Lithuania, 1758; died at Paris, 1841. His public
Nicolay, John George. An American jour-
career was quite distinguished ; and he accom-
nalist and historical writer ; born at Essingen,
panied Kosciuszko to this country. He married
Rhenish Bavaria, Feb. 26, 1832. He came to
Mrs. Livingston Kean of New York. His prin-
the United States in 1838. He was engaged
cipal works are: Historical Songs of Poland);
in journalism in the West; was private secre-
(History of the Reign of Sigismund III. ! ; 'Con-
tary of President Lincoln, 1861-65; United
tributions to the Ancient History of Poland);
States consul at Paris, 1865-69; and marshal
and a romance called John of Tenczyn.
of the United States Supreme Court, 1872–87.
His chief work is (Abraham Lincoln: A His- Nieriker, Mrs. May (Alcott) (nē'rik-ėr). An
tory) (1891), written in collaboration with John American artist and author, daughter of A. B.
Hay. He has also published (The Outbreak Alcott; born in Massachusetts in 1840; died
of the Rebellion) (1881).
in 1879. Her works are : "Concord Sketches!
(1869), and (Studying Art Abroad) (1879).
Nicole, François Léon Etienne (nē-kõl).
A Haytian poet; born near Grande Rivere in Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (nētsh'é). A
1731 ; died at Cap Français in 1773. He was
German writer; born in Röcken, Oct. 15, 1844.
a mulatto. Educated in a Jesuit college, he
His writings have attracted a great deal of at-
went to Paris in 1750, where Voltaire introduced tention owing to their extreme character. His
him to literary circles. Louis XV. granted
principal works include : (The Birth of Tragedy
him a pension in recognition of his talents.
from the Spirit of Music) (4th ed. 1895); (Thus
He published: (The Romance of the Slave) Spake Zarathustra (4th ed. 1895); Beyond
(1766); (Tropical Flowers) (1770); and New
Good and Evil) (5th ed. 1895); (The Genealogy
Poems) (1772).
of Morality) (4th ed. 1895); (The Overturning
(Umwertung) of all Values [Werte), the last
Nicole, Pierre. A French theological and
remaining incomplete, although deemed his
philosophical writer; born at Chartres, 1625;
masterpiece.
died 1695. He is best known for his Moral
Essays and Theological Instructions) (25 vols. ,
Nievo, Ippolito (nyā'vo). An Italian poet
1671-), a collection of treatises, of which the
and story-writer; born in Padua, Nov. 30, 1832;
one entitled “On the Means of Preserving
died at sea, March 4, 1801. His best-known
Peace) is very famous. He also wrote (Trea-
work is (The Confessions of an Octogenarian
tise on Human Faith (1064), and “The Imagi-
(new ed. 1887), a historical novel. His Poems)
native and the Visionary) (1667).
(1883) are admired.
Nikitin, Ivan Savich (nē-kit'in). A Rus-
Nicoll, Robert. A Scotch poet; born in
Perthshire, 1814; died 1837. His Poems)
sian poet; born in Varonesh, Oct. 3. 1824;
died Oct. 28, 1861. His (Peasant Hangman'
(1835) were very popular, but he died at so
(1858), and Poems) (1856), «Taras,' and other
early an age that the promise of his first book
remained unfulfilled.
verse, have given him a conspicuous place.
Nicoll, William Robertson. A Scotch cler-
Niles, John Milton. An American lawyer,
journalist, and statesman; born in Windsor,
gyman and editor ; born in Auchendoir, Aber-
Conn. , Aug. 20, 1787; died in Hartford, Conn. ,.
deenshire, Oct. 10, 1851. He took an M. A. at
Aberdeen University; was minister of the Free
May 31, 1856. In 1817 he founded the Hart-
Church at Kelso for eight years; on account of
ford Times; was twice United States Senator;
and in 1840 became Postmaster-General. Be-
ill-health he resigned, in 1887 started the Brit-
sides addresses and speeches he published :
ish Weekly, one of the most successful religious
(Lives of Perry, Lawrence, Pike, and Harri.
papers in England, and within recent years has
son) (1820); (History of the Revolution in
been English editor of the Bookman. Among
Mexico and South America' (1839).
his publications are: (Calls to Christ) (1877);
(The Incarnate Saviour: A Life of Jesus Christ) Nisard, Jean Marie Napoléon Désiré (nē.
(1881); (John Bunyan (1884) in the Evangel- sär'). A French man of letters; born at Châ-
ical Succession series; (Ten-Minute Sermons ) tillon-sur-Seine, March 20, 1806; died at San
(1895); (The Key of the Grave.
Remo, Italy, March 15, 1888. He was noted
## p. 405 (#421) ############################################
NIZAMI - NORRIS
405
as a critic, and also for his (Studies of Morals
and Criticism on the Latin Poets during the
Decline of Learning(1834), and History of
French Literature) (1844-61).
Nizami or Nizamee (nē-shä'mē). A Persian
poet; born 1141; died 1202. His works are:
the "Store house of Mysteries,' a religious poem;
Khusrau and Shirin,' a metrical tale; Lailă
and Majnūn,' a romantic epic; 'Seven Portraits,'
love stories; and the Alexander Book. *
Noah, Mordecai Manuel. An American law.
yer, editor, and author; born in Philadelphia,
July 14, 1785; died in New York, May 22,
1851. During his journalistic career in New
York he was connected with seven newspapers.
He made an unsuccessful attempt to found a
Jewish colony on Grand Island, in the Niagara
River. His chief works are : (The Siege of
Tripoli) and (The Fortress of Sorrente,' dra-
mas; (Travels in England, France, and Spain)
(1819); (Gleanings from a Gathered Harvest
(1845).
Noble, Annette Lucile. An American writer
of fiction; born in Albion, Orleans County, N. Y. ,
July 12, 1844. She is a frequent contributor to
magazines. Among her works are :(Uncle Jack's
Executors) (1880 ); (Tarryport Schoolhouse
( 1882 ); (After the Failure) ( 1887 ); “Rachel's
Farm) (1894).
Noble, Louis Legrand. An American poet;
born in Lisbon, N. Y. , Sept. 26, 1813; died in
Ionia, Mich. , Feb. 6, 1882. He published: (Ne.
Ma-Min: An Indian Story, in three cantos
(1852); « The Course of Empire, Voyage of Life,
and Other Pictures of Thomas Cole, with Se-
lections from his Letters and Miscellaneous
Writings Illustrative of his Life, Character, and
Genius) (1853); (The Lady Angeline, A Lay
of the Appalachians; The Hours; and Other
Poems) (1857).
Noble, Lucretia Gray. An American novel-
ist; a native of Lowell, Mass. ; born 18–. At
an early age she removed to Wilbraham, Mass. ,
where she now resides. Besides contributions
to magazines, she wrote the popular novel 'A
Reverend Idol (1882).
Nodier, Charles (nöd-yā'). A French ro-
mance-writer and poet; born at Besançon,
April 1780; died 1844. His works include:
"Entomological Bibliography) (1801); Napo-
leone) (1802), a satiric ode; (The Painter of
Salzburg) (1803), “The Exiles,' (Jean Sbogar)
(1818), (Thérèse Aubert) (1819), romances;
(Dictionary of French Onomatopeia) (1808);
(Picturesque and Romantic Travels in Ancient
France) (1820); and others. *
Noel, Roden Berkeley Wriothesley. An
English poet ; born 1834; died 1894. He pub-
lished: Behind the Veil and Other Poems)
(1863); Beatrice and Other Poems) (1868);
and various additional volumes.
Noel, Thomas. An English poet ;
died 1861. He published several volumes of
verse, among them Rhymes and Roundelayes )
(1841), in which is the poem “The Pauper's
Drive, often erroneously attributed to Hood.
Nogaret, François Felix (no-gä-rā'). A
French poet and man of letters; born at Ver-
sailles, 1740; died 1831. He wrote : (The Apol-
ogy for my Taste ) (1771), a work on natural
history; (Tales in Verse) (5th ed. 1810); and
several plays.
Nomsz, Jan (nomz). A Dutch playwright
and poet; born at Amsterdam, 1738; died 1803.
His most popular work is Maria van Lalain,
a tragedy; (Zoroaster); and a poem (1779) of
which William I. of Orange is the hero.
Nonius Marcellus (nõ'nē-us). A Roman
writer on syntax, who Aourished in the fourth
century. His Correctness in [the use of]
Words) is important because of its citations
from classic works now lost.
Nordau, Max Simon (nôr'dou). A German
prose-writer and critic; born at Pesth, Hungary,
July 29, 1849. His most celebrated work is
(Degeneration' (1893), but he has written :(Paris
under the Third Republic) (1881); (The Con-
ventional Lies of our Civilization (1883); Par-
adoxes) (1886); (The Sickness of the Century)
(1889), a novel; and other books.
Nordhoff, Charles (nôrd'hof). An Ameri-
can journalist and author; born at Erwitte
in Westphalia, Aug. 31, 1830. He came to
the United States in 1835, and was a sailor for
nine years. He was on the staff of the New
York Evening Post from 1861 to 1871, and later
correspondent of the New York Herald at
Washington, D. C. Among his works are :
(Man-of-War Life) (1855); (Merchant Vessel)
(1855); Cape Cod and All Along Shore) (1868);
Northern California) (1873); (Politics for
Young Americans) (1875); (Peninsular Cali-
fornia) (1888).
Nordmann, Johannes Rumpelmaier (nord'.
män). An Austrian poet and descriptive writer;
born near Krems, March 13, 1820; died in Vi.
enna, Aug. 20, 1887. He was connected with
several prominent periodicals, and also wrote:
(Poems) (1847); (A Marshal of France) (1857),
a tragedy; 'Springtime Evenings in Salamanca)
(3d ed. 1880); several novels; and a record of
travel called My Sundays) (2d ed. 1880).
Noriac, Claude Antoine Jules Cairon (nor-
yäk'). A French novelist and publicist ; born
at Limoges, 1827; died at Paris, Oct. I, 1882.
His novels include : « The Countess of Bruges)
(1878), and “The Chevalier de Cerny) (1879).
(Paris as It Is) (1884), and many others of
equal merit, are in the list of his most im-
portant works.
Norman, Henry. An American journalist
and author; born in Massachusetts in 1858.
Besides contributions to magazines he has writ-
ten : (The Broken Shaft) (1886); (The Witch-
ing Time (1887); (The Real Japan' (1892);
( Peoples and Politics of the Far East) (1895).
Norris, William E. An English novelist; born
in London, 1847. His very numerous works
3
(
born 1799 ;
## p. 406 (#422) ############################################
406
NORTH-NYE
include : Heaps of Money) (1877); (Mademoi-
selle de Mersac) (1880); Matrimony (1881);
(No New Thing); “His Grace); (A Deplora-
ble Affair); (The Countess Radna' (1893);
(My Friend Jim'; (The Rogue. *
North, Christopher. See Wilson, John.
North, Simeon. An American educator and
author; born in Berlin, Conn. , Sept. 7, 1802;
died in Clinton, N. Y. , Feb. 12, 1884. He is
widely known as president of Hamilton Col-
lege, 1839-57. His works include: (The Amer-
ican System of Collegiate Education (1839);
(Faith in the World's Conversion (1842); 'The
Weapons in Christian Warfare) (1849); (Obe-
dience in Death) (1849); (Half-Century Letter
of Reminiscences) (1879).
Norton, Caroline Elizabeth Sarah. An
English poet and miscellaneous prose-writer;
born in 1808; died 1877. She was a grand-
daughter of Richard Brinsley Sheridan. Her
first book of poetry, (The Sorrows of Rosalie)
(1829), was published when she was seventeen.
Her (The Undying One) (1830), a poem; (A
Voice from the Factories) (1836); (The Dream,
and Other Poems) (1840); and Aunt Carry's
Ballads) (1847), contain much admired verse.
She also wrote (Stuart of Dunleith) (1847), a
novel, and Lives of the Sheridans.
Norton, Charles Eliot. An American
scholar and author; born at Cambridge, Mass. ,
Nov. 16, 1827. He was one of the editors of
the North American Review 1863-68, and is
professor in Harvard University. Among his
writings are : Notes of Travel and Study in
Italy) (1860); (The New Life) of Dante Ali-
ghieri, translated, with Essays and Notes)
(1867); (Historical Studies of Church-Building
in the Middle Ages) (1880). *
Norton, Charles Ledyard. An American
journalist and author; born at Farmington,
Conn. , in 1837. He graduated at Yale in 1859.
He was editor of the Christian Union 1869-79,
and in 1893 became editor of Outing. His
chief works are: Canoeing in Kanuckia)
(1878), with J. Habberton; "Handbook of
Florida) (1890); (A Medal of Honor Man; or,
Cruising among Blockade-Runners) (1896).
Norton, Thomas. An English dramatist ;
born in Bedfordshire, 1532; died 1584.
owes his place in literature to the fact that he
was joint author with Sackville of the earli-
est English blank-verse tragedy, called “The
Tragedie of Gorboduc) (1560-61), based on the
legendary history of a British king.
Nott, Eliphalet. An American clergyman
and educator; born at Ashford, Conn. , June
25, 1773; died at Schenectady, N. Y. , Jan. 29,
1866.
He was ordained a Presbyterian minis-
ter in 1795. After holding pastorates in Cherry
Valley and Albany, N. Y. , he became presi-
dent of Union College in 1804, where he re-
mained until his death. His chief works
are : (Counsels to Young Men) (1810), and
Lectures on Temperance) (1847). His funeral
sermon on the death of Alexander Hamilton
was famous, and in the school readers for
many years.
Noue, François de la (nö), called Bras de
Fer (Iron Arm). A French Huguenot com-
mander; born near Nantes, 1531 ; killed at
Lamballe, 1591. His Political and Military
Discourses) (1587) are deemed masterpieces.
Novalls (nõ-väl'ēs), pseudonym of Friedrich
von Hardenberg. A German philosopher and
mystic; born in Saxony, 1772; died 1801. His
works include: Hymns to the Night) (1797);
(Disciples at Sais); and (Heinrich von Oſter-
dingen,' his most considerable work. *
Noyes, John Humphrey. An American
communist; born in Brattleboro, Vt. , Sept. 6,
1811; died at Niagara Falls, Canada, April 13,
1886. He is best known as the founder of the
Oneida Community. He published: (The Sec-
ond Coming of Christ) (1859); (Salvation from
Sin the End of Christian Faith) (1869); (His-
tory of American Socialism (1870).
Numatlanus, Rutilius Claudius (nö-mä-tē.
ä'nös). A Roman poet of Gallic birth. He
wrote (Of His Return,' a metrical narrative of
a visit to his native country, which had been
devastated by the Gothic invader. This poem
is supposed to date from 416 A. D. , and it has
not come down to us complete.
Nuñez, Rafael (nön'yāth). President of
Colombia; born in Carthagena, Sept. 28, 1825.
He is a brilliant writer, and his poems rank
high in Spanish literature. The most widely
known are: Que Sais-je ? ! ; Dulce Ignoran-
cia); 'Todavía and Möises. ' His publications
include: Ensayos de Critica Social (1876);
(La Reforma Politica en Colombia' (1885).
Nuñez de Arce, Gaspar (nön'yāth dā
är'thā). A Spanish dramatist and poet, known
as the “Spanish Tennyson "); born at Vallado-
lid, Aug. 6, 1834. Of his plays the most nota.
ble are the comedies (Who Is the Author ? )
(1859); Neither So Much nor So Little) (1865);
(El Laz de Leña, a drama in five acts on the
subject of Don Carlos. Among his remarkably
popular lyric and patriotic poems are: “The
Last Lament of Lord Byron' (23d ed. 1884);
(Battle Cries) (5th ed. 1885); (Vertigo) (25th
ed. 1886); (An Idyl and an Elegy) (18th ed.
1886).
Nye, Edgar Wilson. An American journal-
ist, lecturer, and humorist; born at Shirley, Me. ,
Aug. 25, 1850; died near Asheville, N. C. , Feb.
22, 1896. He settled in Wyoming Territory as
a young man, studied law, and was admitted
to the bar lin 1876. Afterwards he removed
to New York city, and became famous as a
humorous lecturer and writer under the pseu-
donym of «Bill Nye. ) Among his works are :
(Bill Nye and the Boomerang) (1881); (Forty
Liars) (1883); Remarks) (1886); (Fun, Wit,
and Humor) (1889), with J. W. Riley; 'Comic
History of the United States) (1894); "Comic
History of England” (1896).
He
## p. 407 (#423) ############################################
OBER - OHNET
407
O
Ober, Frederick Albion. An American Cahirciveen, County Kerry, Aug. 6, 1775; died
ornithologist, traveler, and author; born in in Genoa, Italy, May 15, 1847. His Life and
Beverly, Mass. , Feb. 13, 1849. He has traveled Speeches) (1846) appeared under the editorial
extensively in Florida, the West Indies, and supervision of his son; and there is also an edi.
Mexico; and is the author of a large number tion of the Correspondence of Daniel O'Con-
of books of travel and descriptive works, prin- nell' by Fitzpatrick. His Life) has been writ-
cipally for young readers. Among the best ten by W. Fagan (1847); M. F. Cusack (1872);
known are: (Camps in the Caribbees) (1880); J. O'Rourke and O'Keefe (1875); J. A. Hamil-
(The Silver City' (1883); “Young Folks' His- ton (1888). See also O'Neill Daunt's Personal
tory of Mexico' (1883); (Montezuma's Gold Recollections.
Mines) (1887); (In the Wake of Columbus)
O'Connor, William Douglas. An Ameri-
(1893); “Knockabout Club Series.
can author; born in Boston, Jan. 2, 1833; died
Oberholtzer, Mrs. Sara Louisa (Vickers). in 1889. He was on the editorial staff of the
An American poet; born in Chester County, Saturday Evening Post, Philadelphia, from 1854
Pa. , May 20, 1841. Her works include: (Violet to 1860, and afterwards held several government
Lee and Other Poems) (1872); (Come for positions at Washington, D. C. His chief works
Arbutus) (1882); «Hope's Heart Bells, a story are : (The Ghost) (1856); Harrington' (1860),
of Quaker life (1884); Daisies of Verse) a novel; “Hamlet's Note-Book) (1886).
(1886); and (Souvenirs of Occasions. )
O'Conor, John Francis Xavier. An Ameri-
O'Brien, Fitz-James. An Irish-American can Catholic clergyman and author; born in
poet and story-writer; born in Limerick, 1828 ; New York in 1852. He is a member of the
died April 6, 1862. His writings comprise Society of Jesus, and a professor in Boston
(The Diamond Lens and Other Stories, and College. His works include: “Something Real);
many poems. His collected works appeared (Lyric and Dramatic Poetry); Reading and
in 1881. *
the Mind.
Occam or Ockham, William. A scholastic Oehlenschläger or Öhlenschläger, Adam
philosopher; born at Occam, Surrey, England; Gottlob (él'en-shlāg''er). A leading Danish
died in Munich, Bavaria, in 1347, at an ad- poet; born near Copenhagen, Nov. 14, 1779;
vanced age. Throughout his life he strenu- died Jan. 20, 1850. His works comprise :
ously contested the right of the pope to political (Poems) (1803); (First Song of the Edda);
power and secular possessions. His skill in (A Journey to Langeland); (The Life of Christ
logic gave him the name "Doctor Invincibi.
Annually Repeated in Nature); 'Earl Hakon);
lis. His chief works are: (Tractatus Logi- (Thor's Journey to Jötunheim); (Palnatoke);
ces); Quodlibeta Septem'; (Super Quatuor (Axel and Valborg); (The Little Shepherd
Libros Sententiarum); Expositio Aurea super Boy'; and several tragedies, including (Socra-
Totam Artem Veterum. Besides these there tes) and "Hamlet. *
are commentaries and polemics.
Oettinger or Öttinger, Eduard Marie (ét'-
Occleve or Hoccleve, Thomas. An early ing-er). A German journalist and novelist;
English poet and lawyer; supposed to have
born in Breslau in 1808; died 1872. He edited
been born about 1370. He wrote (The Story several satirical journals; and published a
of Jonathan) and other poems. His poetry, number of novels, among which is (Onkel
according to Hallam, abounds with pedantry, Zebra' (7 vols. , 1843). He also wrote a work
and is destitute of all grace and spirit. ” entitled “Rossini (1847), which is said to be a
Ochoa y Acuna, Antonio (ō-cho'a ē ä-kö'nä). romance rather than a biography; and "Biblio-
A Mexican poet; born in Huichapam, April graphie Biographique Universelle) (2 vols. , 1850–
27, 1783; died in Queretaro, Aug. 4, 1833. His
54), the most complete work on that subject.
first satirical work appeared in 1806. In 1811
Ohnet, Georges (ō-nā'). A French novelist
he was admitted to the Arcadia Mexicana, a
and dramatist ; born in Paris, April 3, 1848.
society of poets; the same year he wrote (Don
Among his dramatic works are “Regina Sarpi)
Alphonso,' a tragedy. Love by Proxy,' a com-
(1875) and (Martha) (1877). His novels have
edy, was presented in 1831. His works, under appeared as serials in Figaro, L'Illustration,
the name of Poems of a Mexican,' have been
and the Revue des Deux Mondes, before being
issued in this country (1820).
He was
published in book form ; some of them have
priest, and wrote under the name of “Pastor
been adapted to the stage, notably (The Forge
Antimio. ” He is greatly admired by his coun. Master. Among his stories are: (Black and
trymen.
Red); Doctor Rameau) (1888); Pierre's Soul)
O'Connell, Daniel. The great Irish orator (1890); "Les Dames de Croix-Mort) (1886);
and statesman; was born at Carhen House, (La Comtesse Sarah); "Last Love' (1890).
a
## p. 408 (#424) ############################################
O'KEEFE- OLSSON
408"
O'Keefe, John. An Irish dramatist; born in
Dublin, June 24, 1747; died at Southampton,
Feb. 4, 1833. He was designed for an artist;
but becoming stage-struck, left Dublin for Lon.
don, where, failing to procure a theatrical en-
gagement, he devoted himself entirely to dra-
matic composition. He produced nearly fifty
comedies, comic operas, and farces, which were
extremely popular. Among the principal ones
were : (The Castle of Andalusia); Wild Oats);
(The Poor Soldier); (The Young Quaker';
and "Peeping Tom. '
oldham, John. An English poet and sat-
irist; born in Shipton, Gloucestershire, in August
1653; died 1683. He was educated at the
school of Tedbury, and then at Oxford. He
had many patrons, the last being the Earl of
Kingston, in whose house he died. His works
have been published in three volumes.
Oldmixon, John. An English political writer;
born in Bridgewater, Somersetshire, 1673; died
1742. His principal works were : (A History
of England (2 vols. ); "Life of Arthur Mayn-
waring); and (Life of Queen Anne. He was
distinguished for his hatred of the Stuart fam-
ily.
oldys, William. An English biographer
and antiquary; born July 14, 1696 ; died April
15, 1761. In 1737 he succeeded to the care of
Lord Oxford's (the Harleian) library, the cata-
logue of which was partly drawn up by him.
He wrote : "Life of Sir Walter Raleigh);
(The British Librarian); (The Universal Spec-
tator); 22 lives in the Biographia Britannica. '
His most valuable and curious work is an an-
notated copy, now in the British Museum, of
Langbaine's (Account of the Early Dramatick
Poets. Mr. James Yeowell published in 1862
(A Memoir of Oldys, together with his Diary,
Choice Notes from his Adversaria, and an Ac-
count of the London Libraries. )
Oliphant, Laurence. An English writer
and traveler, who was more remarkable than
his books. He was born in Cape Town, South
Africa, in 1829; died at Twickenham, England,
Dec. 23, 1888. Of good family and position,
he roamed over the earth, deeply interested in
the mystic philosophy of the East; and while
sometimes holding official positions, was essen-
tially a dreamer who cared most for the things
of the spirit, and gave up brilliant prospects
and the pleasures dearest to humanity in order
to elevate his soul. He published a dozen
books, including three novels; several works of
a politico-military nature, such as (A Narrative
of the Earl of Elgin's Mission to China and
Japan) (1860); and various journalistic and
philosophic books, like Episodes in a Life
of Adventure) (1887) and (Scientific Religion
(1888).
Oliphant, Margaret Oliphant Wilson. A
Scotch novelist; born 1828; died 1897. Her
numerous works include: "Zaidee) (1856);
(Chronicles of Carlingford); (The Story of
Valentine and his Brother); (Sir Tom); In
Trust); (A House Divided against Itself);
(The Cuckoo in the Nest'; English Liter-
ature at the End of the Eighteenth and Begin-
ning of the Nineteenth Century); Victorian
Age of English Literature); (Makers of Flor-
ence, Venice, and Rome. *
Olivier, Juste Daniel (ā-lēv-yā'). A Swiss
poet; born in Eysius, Canton of Vaud, Oct. 18,
1807; died in Geneva, Jan. 7, 1876. In 1830 he
published his first volume of poems, Poèmes
Suisses. This was followed by (The Future
(1831); 'Songs from Afar) (1833); and many
others. He also wrote many works in prose. He
spent most of the last years of his life in Paris.
Ollivier, Émile. A French statesman and
political writer; born at Marseilles, July 2, 1825.
He was elected to the French Academy (1870)
as successor to Lamartine. His main works
are : (Democracy and Liberty) (1867); "Church
and State in the Council of the Vatican) (2
vols. , 1879); (Thiers in the Academy and in
History) (1880); (1789 and 1889' (1890).
Olmedo, José Joaquin (ol-mā'do). A South-
American poet; born in Guayaquil in 1781 ;
died there, Jan. 19, 1847. His verses have been
highly praised. One of his best poems is a
(Song to Bolivar) (1826). His Collected
Works) (Valparaiso, 1848; Paris, 1853; and
Mexico, 1862) have been widely circulated.
Olmsted, Frederick Law. The renowned
American architect and designer of public
parks; born in Hartford, Conn. , April 26, 1822.
He designed Central Park in New York, and
the park systems of Boston, Chicago, Buf-
falo, and other cities. His publications in-
clude: (Walks and Talks of an American
Farmer in England (1852); (A Journey in the
Seaboard Slave States) (1856); A Journey in
Texas) (1857); (A Journey in the Back Coun-
try) (1861). These books may be regarded as
diversions,-though some of them are of per-
manent interest and instructiveness, -as his
engineering work has been constant, and is of
the highest beauty, value, and repute.
Olney, Jesse. An American geographer;
born in Union, Conn. , Oct. 12, 1798; died in
Stratford, Conn. , July 31, 1872. In 1828 he first
published (A Geography and Atlas,' which be-
came a standard work for thirty years, and
caused a revolution in the methods of teaching
geography. He published a series of text-books
(1831-52), including a series of Readers,' a
(Common School Arithmetic, a (History of
the United States); and a volume of poems,
(Psalms of Life.
Olsson, Olof (ol'sen). A Swedish Lutheran
clergyman and educator; born in Björtorp,
March 31, 1841. He came to this country in
1868, and was professor and president of Augus-
tana College, Rock Island, Ill.
