No More Learning

− for Treason and Heresy. [814
thereof, so I submit myself unto the most ex- catholic faith; Cole departing for that time, cellent majesties of l'hilip and Mary, king and the next day following repaired to the arch. queen of this realm of England, &c. and to bishop again, giving signification yet
other their laws and ordinances, being ready his death that was prepared and therefore always faithful subject ever obey them. the morning, which was the 21st day March, And God my witness that have not done appointed for Cranmer's execution, the said this for favour fear any person, but wil Cole coming him, asked had any lingly and mine own mind, well the money. To whom when answered that discharge mine own conscience, the in had none, he delivered him fifteen crowns struction of other. ” give the poor whom would and ex
This Recantation the archbishop was not horting him much could constancy
soon conceived, but the doctors and pre
faith, departed thence about business, his sermon appertained.
By this partly, and other like arguments, the
W. delay
lates without caused the
same im men's hands. first was added
rinted, and set abroad
Archbishop began
credit,
the name Thomas Cranmer, with solemn they ! . day
subscription, then followed the witnesses
this Recantation, Henry Sydall, and Friar John that were looked were not yet come, there
de Villa Garcina. All this while Cranmer came him the Spanish friar, witness his was certain assurance his life, although Recantation, bringing paper with Articles, the same was faithfully promised him the which Cranmer should openly profess doctors; but after that they had their purpose, recantation before the people, earnestly de
for better
more and more surmise
the rest they committed adventure, became men that religion do. The queen, having now gotten time revenge her old
grief, received his Recantation very gladly but her purpose put him death she would
siring him that would write the said instru ment with the articles with own hand, and sign with his name: which when had done, the said friar desired that he would write ano ther copy thereof, which should remain with him, and that did also. But yet the arch
what went about. Then because the
was not far and the lords and knights
nothing relent.
Now was Cranmer's cause miserable bishop being not ignorant whereunto their
taking, who neither inwardly had any quiet ness his own conscience, nor yet outwardly
secret devices tended, and thinking that the
any help his adversaries.
the one side was praise,
scorn, both sides danger,
could die honestly, nor yet unhonestly live. which
Besides this,
the other side people,
put secretly exhortation, written
bosom prayer another paper, the people, before
that neither with
minded recite
And whereas sought profit, fell into dou should make the last profession faith,
ble disprofit, that neither with good men fearing lest they had heard the confession could avoid secret shame, nor yet with evil men his faith first, they would not afterward have the note of dissimulation. suffered him exhort the people.
the mean time, while these things were Soon after about nine the clock, the lord doing, said, the prison amongst the Williams, Thomas Bridges, John Brown, doctors, the queen taking secret counsel, how and the other justices, with certain other noble
dispatch Cranmer out the way, who men, that were sent the queen's council, yet knew nothing her secret hate, and look came Oxford with great train waiting for nothing less than death, appointed ir. men. Also the other multitude every
Cole, and secretly gave him commandment, side (as wont such matter) was made that against the 21st March, should pre great concourse, and greater expectation. For
pare Funeral Sermon for Cranmer's burning, first all, they that were the pope's side
and instructing him orderly and diligently
her will and pleasure that behalf, - sendeth him away.
were great hope that day hear something
Cranmer that should stablish the vanity their opinion the other part, which were en
Soon after, the lord Williams Tame, and dued with better mind, could not yet doubt, the lord Shandoys, Tho. Bridges, and that which continual study and labour John Brown were sent for, with other worship for many years, had set forth the doctrine ful men and justices, commanded the queen's the gospel, either would could now the name Oxford the same day, with last act life forsake part. Briefly, their servants and retinue, lest Cranmer's death every man's will inclined, either this part should rai-e there any tumult. that, according the diversity their
Cole the doctor having this lesson given him desires, every man wished and hoped for. And before, and charged her commandment, re yet because uncertain thing the certainty turned Oxford, ready play his part; who could known none what would be the
the day execution drew near, even the end their minds were hanging between day before, came into the prison Cranmer; hope and doubt. that the greater the ex try whether abode the catholic faith pectation was doubtful matter, the more
wherein before he had left him. To whom, was the multitude, that was gathered thither when Cranmer had answered, that God's hear and behold.
grace would daily more confirmed the this great frequency and expectation,
time was hand which dissemble the profession
could longer his faith with Christ's
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$15] STATE TRIALS, I MARy, 1553–1'roceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [sld
Cranmer at the length cometh from Bocardo according the merits offenders, nor yet prison unto Mary's Church, because was sometimes suffered the same altogether
a foul and rainy day, the chief church in the unpunished, yea though they had repeated. university, this order. The mayor went David, who when was bidden choose before, next him the aldermen their place three kinds punishments which would, and degree; after them was Cranmer brought and had chosen pestilence for three days; between two friars, which mumbling and the Lord forgave him half the time, but did
fro certain psalms the streets, answered one not release and that the same thing came another until they came the church door, pass him also, whom although pardon and there they began the song Sineon, and reconciliation was due according the Nunc dinitt's, and entering into the church, canons, seeing repented him his errors, the psalm-saying friars brought him stand yet there were causes why the queen and the ing, and there left him. There was stage set council this time judged him death: over against the pulpit, mean height from which, lest should marvel too much,
the ground, where Cranmer had standing, should hear some. First, that being Traitor,
waiting until Cole inade him ready his settnoll.
The lamentable case and sight that man
gave sorrowful spectacle Christian eyes that beheld him. He that late was Archbishop, Metropolitane, and Primate England, and the king's privy Chancellor, being now
bare and ragged gown, and favourably
had dissolved the lawful matrimony between the king her father and mother; besides the driving out the pope's authority, while
was metropolitan. Scoondly, that had been an Heretick, from whom from an author and only fountain heretical doctrine and schismatical opinions, that many years have prevailed England, did first rise and spling;
cloathed, with old square cap, exposed of which he had not been secret favourer
the contempt men, did admonish men only, but also most earnest defender even
not only his own calaurity, but also their the end his life, sowing them abroad
state and fortune. For who would not pity his writings and arguments, privately and openly,
case, and bewail his fortune, and might not not without great ruin and decay the catho
fear his own chance, see such prelate, church. And further, seemed meet, ac
grave counsellor, and long continued cording the law equality, that the death
honour, after many dignities, old the duke Northumberland late, made years deprived estate, adjudged even with Thomas Moie chancellor that died
die, and painful death end his life, for the church, there should one that
this habit, when had stood good not able make even with that man, space upon the stage, turning piliar near seemed that Cranmer should joined adjoining thereunto, lified hands then their part equality. Besides heaven, and prayed unto God once twice, these there were other just and weighty causes,
and now presently from such fresh ornaments, should make even with Fisher
descend such vile and ragged apparel. and because that Ridley, Hooper, Ferrar, were
till the length Dr. Cole coming into the pulpit, and beginning Sermon, entered first into mention Tobias and Zachariah. Whom
which seemed the queen and council, which was not meet that time opened the common people.
After this, turning his tale the hearers,
had praised the beginning
after
custom the schools) intending the mercy God secondly,
the true wor whole ser
this man's example, high, that can
for their perseverance
God, then divided mon into three parts (according
bade men beware that among men nothing
sermon shipping
the solemn promise itself safety
speak first God's vengeance equally stretched against his justice men, and spareth none therefore they
shewed: and last all, how the prince's should beware and learn fear their prince. secrets are not opened. And proceed And seeing the queen's majesty would not
ing little from the beginning, took occa
spare notable man this, inuch less
the like cause she would spare other men, that man should think make thereby any de
fence his error, either riches any kind authority, they had now example teach
Cranmer, and with many hot words reproved him, that once being induct with the savour and
sion and turn tale
feeling wholesome and catholic doctrine, fell
into the contrary opinion pernicious error; them all, whose cal:unity every man might
which had not only defended writings,
and his power, but also allured other men the like, with great liberality gifts,
were, appointing rewards for error and
consider his own fortune; who foun the top dignity, none being more honourable than
the whole realm, and next the king, was fallen into great misery, they might now
after had allured them cherish them.
were too long repeat
long order were pronounced. The sum
his tripartite declamation was, that said God's mercy was tempered with his justice, that did not altogether require punishment
being man high degree, sometime the chiefest prelates the church, and
incans did
things, that
cabishop, the chief the council, the 2nd person the realin long time, man thought greatest assurance, having king on his side notwithstanding his authority and de
fence, debascq from high estate low
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s17] STATE TRIALS, 1 MAry, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy. [815
degree, of a counsellor to become a caitiff, and back the people that were ready depart,
to be set in so wretched a state, that the poor prayers. Brethren, said he, lest any man est wretch would not change condition with should doubt of this man's earnest conversion
him; briefly so heaped with misery on sides, and repentance, you shall hear him speak be
that neither was left him any hope better fore you, and therefore pray you master
fortune, nor place for worse. The latter part his Sermon
Cranmer, that you will now perform that you promised not long ago; namely, that you would
converted comforted and encouraged take his death well, many places Scripture, with these and such like;
openly express the true and undoubted pro fession your faith, that you may take away suspicion from men, and that men may
the archbishop, whom
bidding him not mistrust, but should in understand that you are Catholic indeed. continently receive that the thief did, whom will said the Archbishop, and that with Christ said, Hodie mecum eris Paradiso, good will; who and rising up, and put
That “This day thou shalt with me Paradise:’ and out of St. Paul he armed him
against the terror the fire, this, Dominis fidelis est, non sinet cos tentari ultra quam ferre potestis, That “The Lord faithful, which
will not suffer you tempted above your strength the example the three chil dren, whom God made the flame seem like pleasant dew, adding also the rejoicing
St. Andrew his cross, the patience St. Laurence the fire, assuring him, that God,
called on him, and such die his
faith, either would abate the fury the flame, or give him strength abide
He glorified God much his conversion, be cause appeared only his work, declaring what travel and conference had been with him
ting off his cap, began speak thus unto the people:
“I desire you, well beloved brethren the
Lord, that you will pray God for me, for
give me my sins, which above men, both
number and greatness, have committed. But
among the rest, there one offence which most of all this time doth vex and trouble
me, whereof process my talk you shall hear more his proper place; and then putting his
hand into his boson, drew forth Prayer, which recited the people this sense:
The PRAY Dr. Cranmer.
“Good Christian people, my dearly beloved brethren and sisters Christ, beseech you most heartily pray for me Almighty God,
convert him, and prevailed not, till that that will forgive me my sins and offences, pleased God mercy reclaim him, which many, without number, and great
and call him home. discoursing which place, much commended Cranmer, and qualified his former doings, thus tempering his
above measure. But yet one thing grieveth my conscience more than all the rest, whereof God
willing, intend speak more hereafter. But how great and how many soever my bins be, beseech you pray God his mercy par
judgment and talk
him, that the time
riches and honour, his life and now that
(said he) flowed
was unworthy
might not live, was unworthy death. But
lest should carry with him comfort,
would diligently labour (he said) and also
did promise the name the priests that persons and one God, have mercy upon me
were present, that immediately after his death
there should dirges, masses, and funerals have offended both against heaven and earth, executed for him all the churches of Oxford more than my tongue can express. Whither for the succour of his soul. then may go, whither shall flee To
Cranmer all this mean time, with what heaven may ashamed lift mine eyes, great grief mind stood hearing this Ser and earth find place refuge suc mon, the outward shews his body and coun cour. To thee, therefore, Lord, run; tenance did better express, than any man can thee humble myself, saying, Lord declare; one while lifting his hands and my God, my sins great, but yet have mercy eyes unto heaven, and then again for shame upon me thy great mercy. The great mys
letting them down the earth. man might have seen the very image and shape perfect
téry that God became man, was not wrought for little few offences. Thou didst not give thy Son, heavenly Father, unto death for small
sis only, but the greatest sins the world, that the sinner return thee with his whole heart, here this present.
sorrow lively him expressed. More than
several times the tears gushed out abundantly,
dropping down marvellously from his fatherly
face. They which were present, testify that
they never saw any child more tears, than Wherefore have mercy me God, whose burst out from him at that time, all the scrimon
while but especially when they recited his
prayer before the people. marvellous
what commiseration and pity moved men's
hearts, that beheld heavy countenance, thy dear Son, Jesus Christ's sake. And now and such abundance of tears an old man of therefore, our Father heaven, hallowed
don and forgive them all. ”
And here kneeling down, said:
God, Re deemer the world Holy Ghost, three
reverend dignity. thy name, &c. ”—And then rising, said: the
Cole, after had ended his Sermon, called “Every man, good people, desireth
VOL. -
-
Father heaven, Son
most wretched caitiú and miserable sinner.
property always have mercy, have mercy upon me Lord, for thy great mercy. crave nothing for mine own merits, but for thy name's sake, that may hallowed thereby, and for
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*10] STATE TRIALS, MAux, 1553–Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [820 e
may be alorified, and you edified. —First, it is an heavy case to see that so many folk so much
time of his death to give some good exhortation come, either live with my master Christ for that others may remember the same before ever joy, else pain for ever, with their death, and be the better thereby : so I wicked devils hell, and see before mine beseech God grant me grace, that I may speak eyes presently either heaven ready receive something at this my departing, whereby God
dote upon the love of this false world, and be
so careful for that the love God, the
world come, they seem care very little First, believe God the Father Almighty,
nothing. Therefore this shall my first ex hortation, that you set not your minds over much upon this glozing world, but upon God,
and upon the world come; and learn know what this lesson meaneth, which St. John teacheth, “that the love this world hatred
against God. ”—The second exhortation that
next under God you obey your king and queen
willingly and gladly, without murmuring
maker leavoen and earth, &c. And believe
grudging; not for fear them only, but much
more than any thing that ever did said my whole life, and that the setting abroad
writing contrary the truth; which now here
renounce and refuse, things written with my hand, contrary the truth which thought
more for the fear God; knowing that they be God's ministers, appointed God rule
my heart, and written for fear death, and and govern you and therefore whosoever re save my life might be, and that
sisteth them, resisteth the ordinance God. —
The third exhortation that you love al
together like brethren and sisters. For alas,
pity see what contention and hatred And forasmuch my hand offended, writing one Christian man beareth another, not contrary my heart, my hand shall first
taking each other brother and sister, but ra– punished therefore for may come the fire ther strangers and mortal enemies. But shall first burned. —And for the pope,
pray you learn and bear well away this one lesson, To good unto all men, much
you lieth, and hurt man, more than you would hurt your own natural loving brother sister. For this you may sure of, that whosoever hateth any person, and goeth about
maliciously hinder hurt him, surely, and without doubt God not with that man,
although think himself never much God's favour. —The fourth exhortation shall be
them that have great substance and riches
this world, that they will well consider and weigh three sayings the Scripture. One
our Saviour Christ himself, who saith, Luke 18. “It hard for rich man enter into
Briefly
guiled great
never cruelty more notably
deluded and deceived. For
doubted but they looked for glorious victory and perpetual triumph this man's retracta tion. Who soon they heard these things, began down their ears, rage, fret, and fume; and much the more, because they could not revenge their grief; for they could now longer threaten hurt him. For the nost miserable man the world can
your gold and silver doth canker and rust, and
their rust shall bear witness against you, and
consume you like fire: you gather hoard pists had been never well pleased now treasure God's indiguation against the last being never much offended with him, yet day. " Let the that rich ponder well these could he not be twice killed them. And so three sentences: for they ever had occasion when they could nothing else unto him, yet
the kingdom
yet spoken
The second
saying this, “He that hath the substance this world, and seeing brother necessity, and shutteth his mercy from him, how can
hope.
heaven. ' sore saying, and him that knoweth the truth. St. John, John whose
think there was better time not to be
say that loveth God? " The third
Saint James, who speaketh the covetous
rich man after this manner, “Weep you and
howl for the misery that shall come upon you your riches rot, your cloaths moth-eaten,
slew their charity, they have now this present, the poor people being many, and victuals dear. -And now for much
am come the last end my life, whereupca
ugeti, my life past, and my life so. Always since lived hitherto, have been
me, and else hell ready swallow me
shall therefore declare unto you my very faith how believe, without any colour dissimu lation for now time dissemble, what soever have said written times past.
every article the catholic faith, every word,
and sentence taught our Saviour Jesus Christ, his apostles and prophets, the new and old
Testament. now come the
great thing, that much troubleth my conscience,
such bills and papers which have written signed with my hand since my degradation;
wherein have written many things untrue.
refuse him, Christ's enemy and Antichrist,
with all his false doctrine. And as for the Sa
crament, believe have taught my book
against the bishop Winchester, the which
my book teacheth true doctrine the Sa
crament, that shall stand the last day be fore the judgment God, where the papis
tical doctrine contrary thereto shall asham ed shew her face. ”
Here the standers were astonished, marvelled, were amazed, did look one upon
another, whose expectation had
notably him his
deceived. Some Recantation, and
began admonish accuse him
was
falshood. world see the doctors he
die but once and whereas necessity must needs die that day, though the Pa
lest they should say nothing, they ceased not object unto him his falshood and dissimula
tion. Unto which accusation answered,
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821] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy. [322
a hater of falshood, and a lover of simplicity, and never before this time have I dissembled ; and in saying this, the tears that remained
his body, appeared his eyes. And when
began speak more the Sacrament and the Papacy, some them began cry out, yelp, and bawl, and specially Cole cried out upon him Stop the heretic's mouth and take
him away. —And then Cranmer being pulled down from the stage was led the fire, accom
panied with those friars, vexing, troubling, and
threatening him most cruelly. What madness
(say they) hath brought thce again into this
error, which thou wilt draw innumerable
souls with thee into hell? To whom he an
swered nothing, but directed his talk the
people, saving that one troubling him the been common here England, ran the lord way spake, and exhorted him get him Williams Tame, crying that the archbishop home his study, and apply bis book diligent was vexed mind, and died great despera ly, saying, did diligently call upon God, tion. But which was not ignorant the
by reading more should get knowledge. But the other Spanish barker, raging and foaming, was almost out his wits, always having this
his mouth, Non fecist Didest thou not
place holy But when came the {. where the
Hugh
bishops and martyrs Latimer
and Ridley, were burnt before him for the con fession the truth, kneeling down prayed God, and not long tarrying his prayers, putting off his garments his shirt, prepared
himself death. His shirt was made long down to his feet. His feet were barc. Like
wise his head, when both his caps were off, was bare, that one hair could not seen upon His beard was long and thick, covering
archbishop's constancy, being unknow the Spaniards, smiled only, and (as were) silence rebuked the friar's folly. And this was
this learned archbishop, whom, lost
his face with marvellous gravity. Such coun John Lambert and Mr. Allen, there were
tenance gravity moved the hearts both his friends, and his enemies.
Then the Spanish friars John and Richard, whom mention was made before, began
any other, with whose burning and blood his hands had been before any thing polluted. But especially had rejoice, that dying such cause was numbered amongst
exhort him and play their parts with him, afresh Christ's martyrs, much more worthy the name
but with vain and lost labour. Cranmer with stedfast purpose abiding the profession his doctrine, gave his hand certain old men, and
Saint Thomas Canterbury, than whom the pope falsely before did canonise.
And thus have you the full Story concerning other that stood bidding them farewell. — the Life and Death this revereud archbishop
And when had thought have done like wise Ely, the said Ely drew back his hand
and refused, saying, was not lawful salute heretics, and specially such one falsely re
and martyr God, Thomas Cranmer, and also of divers other the learned sort of Christ's martyrs burned queen Mary's time, whom this archbishop was the last, being burnt about the very middle time the reign that queen,
turned unto the opinions that had forsworn.
And he had known before that he would and almost the very middle man the mar
have done so, would never have used his tyrs which were burned
her reign Lesides. this forestid adjoin withal his Letters, beginning first with his famous Letter queen Miary, which wrote unto her in
continent after was cited Rome
On the same day that Crammer ended his could moved from his sentence, they com life, (says bishop Godwin) cardinal Pole took manded the fire be set unto him. sacerdotal orders Greenwich and the next And when the wood was kindled, and the day, Naboth being dead, possessed himself
fire began burn near him, stretching out his his vineyard, being consecrated archbishop arms, put his right band into the flame, Canterbury. Three days afterwards, which he held so stedfast and immoveable the feast annunciation, attended many (saving that once with the same hand wiped the nobility Bow-church, received the his face) that men might see hand pall with great pomp and ceremony.
company familiarly, and chid those sergeants and citizens, which had not refused give him their hands. This Ely was priest lately made, and student divinity, being then one the fellows of Brasen-nose. Then was an iron
chain tied about Cranmer, whom when they
Now after the Life and Story archbishop discoursed,
perceived more stedfast than that
burned before his body was touched. His body did abide the burning the flame with such constancy and steadfastness, that standing always one place without moving his body, he seemed move no more than the stake
which was bound his eyes were lifted
into heaven, and oftentimes repeated his unworthy right hand, long his voice would
suffer him; and using often the words Stephen, Lord Jesus receive my spirit,' the greatness
the flame gave the ghost. *
This fortitude mind, which perchance
rare aund not found among the Spaniards, when friar John saw, said came not fortitude, but desperation, although such manner
examples which are the like constancy, have
the end evil well
subscribing recanting
perished, and lest
God
should have lived longer with shame and re
proof, pleased God rather take him away, the glory his name and profit his church. So good was the Lord both his church fortifying the same with the testi
mony and blood such martyr, and good
also the man with this cross
purge his offences this world, not only his recantation, but also his standing against
should have preserved;
tribulation,
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s23] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARY, 1553. —Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [S24
bishop Brooks and his fellows, the tenour whereof here followeth. -
LETTERs or DR. Thom As CRAN MER, ARch Bishop or CAN TER BURY.
this realm the king coronation, and justices when they receive their offices,
sworn, and the whole realm bound de fend and maintain. But contrary hereunto, the pope authority maketh void, and com mandeth blot out our books, laws and customs being repugnant his laws, and de
clareth accursed rulers and governors, the your highness. But very necessity constraineth makers, writers, and executers such laws
Ilighness. “IT may please your majesty
To Queen's
presumption, that dare bold write
me, that your majesty may know my mind,
rather mine own writing than other men's reports. So that upon Wednesday, being
the twelfth day this month, was cited appear Rome the 80th day after, there make answer to such matters as should be
objected against me upon the behalf the
where the king and queen, they were sub jects within their own realm, shall complain,
and require justice stranger's hands against their own subject, being already condemned death their own laws. As though the king and queen could not have justice within their own realius against their own subjects, but they must seek strangers hands
strange land; the like whereof think) was never seen. would have wished to have had some meaner adversaries: and think that death shall not grieve me much more, than bave my most dread and most gracious sove reign lord and lady, whom under God
own all obedience, mine accusers judgment within their own realm, before any
stranger and outward power. But forasunuch
the time the prince most famous memory king Henry 8th your grace's father, was sworn
customs; appeareth many the pope's laws, whereof one two shall rehearse.
the decrees dist. 10. written thus, ‘Constitu tiones contra canones decreta praesulum Ro manorum vel bonos mores, nullius sunt monu menti. ” That The constitutions statutes enacted against the canons and decrees the bishops Rome their good customs, are of
pardon my
king, and your most excellent majesty, which
matters the Thursday following were objected none effect. Also “extra. de sententia excom against me Dr. Martin, and Dr. Story your municationis, noverit, excommunicamus omnes majesty’s proctors before the bishop Glou haereticos utriusque sexus, quocumque nomine cester, sitting judgment commission from
Rome. But' (alas) cannot but grieve the
heart natural subject, accused the
king and queen his own realm; and speci.
ally before outward judge, authority
coming from any person out this realm: sententia fecerint amoveri. Item, excommu
censeantur, sautores, receptores, defen
sores eorum; nec non qui castero servari fecerint statuta edita consuetudines contra
ecclesiae libertatem, nisi capitularibus suis intra duos menses posthujuslnodi publicationem
never consent, that the bishop have exercise any authority
Rome should jurisdiction
consiliarios locorum, ubi caetera hu)usino statuta consuetudines editae suerint vel
servatae; nec non illos qui secundum pre sumpserint judicare, vel publicam forniam
scribere judicata. ” That say, We excom municate heretics both sexes, what name
soever they called by, and their fautors, and receptors, and defenders; and also them that shall hereafter cause be observed the statutes
and customs made against the liberty the
church, except they cause the same put
out their records and chapters within two
months after the publication thereof. Also we excommunicate the statute makers and writers
those statutes, and the potestates, consuls, governors and counsellors places, where such statutes and customs shall made kept; and also those that shall presume give judg
this realm England, therefore
allow authority contrary mine oath, re fused make answer the bishop Gloucester
ment according
form the matter laws, the bishop
them, shall notify adjudged. —Now
pub these which
judgment the pope's autho should run into perjury. —Another refused the pope's authority this, that his authority, claimeth repugneth
the crown perial this realm, and the laws the same; which every true subject
bound defend. First, for that the popesaith, that manner power, well temporal
your realm, being contrary nought, and well your majesty, your judges, justices, and other
sitting here rity, lest
the pope's laws,
cause why
executors the same, stand accused amongst heretics, which God forbid. And yet this curse
can never avoided the pope have such power claimeth) until such times the laws and customs this realm, being contrary
lest
should
spiritual, given first him God; and that his laws, taken away and blotted out
the law books. And although there many laws this realm contrary the laws Rome, yet named but few convict clerk
the temporal power giveth unto emperors
and kings, use under him, but
always his commandment and beck–But
contrary this claim, the imperial crown and before any temporal judge this realm for
jurisdiction temporal this realm taken im mediately from God, used under him only, and subject unto none, but God alone.
Moreover, the imperial laws and customs
debt, felony, murder, for any other crime;
which clerks the pope's laws exempt from the king's laws, that they can nowhere sued but before their ordinary. —Also the pope
nicamus statutarios, scriptores statutorum ip sorum, nec non potestates, consules, rectores.
claimeth God, laws and customs
Rome's authority
lawful, your grace's
to
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825] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy. [826
by his laws may give bishoprics and bene your most gracious highness, and also your fices spiritual; which the laws this realm realm should ever continue accursed, until can given but only the king and other shall cease from the execution your own laws patrons the same, except they fall into the and customs your realm; could not think lapse. By the pope's laws, jus patronatus shall myself true either your highness, this
sued only before the ecclesiastical judge my natural country, knowing that know. but the laws the realm shall sued Ignorance, know, may excuse other men; before the temporal judge. —And short, but that knoweth how prejudicial and in
the laws this realm agree with the pope's jurious the power and authority which chal
laws like fire and water. And yet the kings this realm have provided for their laws the pramunire; that any man have let the execution the laws this realm any au thority from the see Rome, falleth into the pramunire. But meet with this, the
lengeth every where, the crown, laws, and customs this realm, and yet will allow the same, cannot see any wise how can keep his due allegiance, fidelity, and truth the crown and state of this realm. —Another cause alledged, why could not allow the authority the pope, which this; that
popes have provided for their laws cursing.
For whosoever letteth the pope's laws have
full course within this realm, the pope's
power standeth accursed. that the pope's
power treadeth the laws and customs this
realm under his feet, cursing that execute
them, until such time they give place unto
his laws. -But may said, that notwith Christian people bounden diligently learn standing the pope's decrees, yet we exe
his authority subverteth not only the laws this realm, but also the laws God: that
whosoever under his authority, suffereth them not under Christ's religion purely, Christ did command. And for one example
brought forth, that whereas God's laws
cute still the laws and customs this realm.
Nay, not quietly without interruption the
pope. And where we execute them, yet we unjustly, the pope's power
force, and for the same we stand excommuni cate, and shall do, until we leave the execution of our own laws and customs. Thus we be well
reconciled Rome, allowing such authority,
These things, suppose, were not fully open ed the parliament-house, when the pope's authority was received again within this realm
his word, that they may know how believe and live accordingly, for that purpose or dained holidays, when they ought, leaving apart other business, give themselves wholly
know and serve God. Therefore God's will and
commandment that when the people bega thered together, ministers should use such lan guage the people may understand and take profit thereby, else hold their peace. For
harp lute, give certain sound God, the pope have any such authority. — that men may know what stricken, who can
whereby the realm standeth accursed before
mighty God the mouth saint Paul, the for they had, not believe that either the priest speak the people language which king queen's majesty, the nobles this they know not; for else may profit himself: realin, the commons the same would ever but profiteth not the people, saith saint Paul.
have consented receive again such foreign But herein was answered thus; that saint
authority, injurious, hurtful, and prejudicial Paul spake only preaching, that the preacher well the crown, the laws and cus should preach tongue which the people did toms and state this realm, whereby they know, else his preaching availeth nothing;
must needs acknowledge themselves ac but the preaching availeth nothing, being cursed. But none could open this matter spoken language which the people under
well but the clergy, and such them had stand not, how should any other service avail read the pope's laws, whereby the pope had them, being spoken the same language And made himself were god. These seek yet that saint Paul meant not only preach
maintain the pope whom they desired have their chief head, the intent they might have were kingdom and laws within themselves, distinct from the laws the crown, and where with the crown may not meddle and being exempted from the laws the realm, might live this realm like lords and kings, without damage fear any man, that they please their high and supreme head
Rome. For this consideration, ween, some that knew the truth, held their peace the parliament, whereas they had done their du
ties the crown and whole realm, they should
have opened their mouths, declared the truth,
and shewed the perils and dangers that might ensue the crown and realm. —And
ing, appeareth plainly his own word. For
and voices with them, and say amen, that should agree allow such authority within say, allow what the priests say, that the rehear this realm, whereby must needs contess, that sal God's universal works and benefits, the
dance after it? for the sound vain; vain, and profiteth nothing, saith Al
speaketh name expressly
ing, and thanking God, and
things which the priests say
whereunto the people say amen; which they use not preaching, but other divine ser vice that whether the priests rehearse the wonderful works God, the great benefits
God unto mankind above other creatures, give thanks unto God, make open pro fession their faith, humble confession of
their sins, with earnest request mercy and forgiveness, make suit request unto God
for any thing; then the people understand ing what the priests say, might give their minds
praying, sing other
the churches,
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-
827] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553–Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [szs
giving of thanks, the profession of faith, the service said the church: but also reason giv confession of sins, and the requests and peti eth the same, that men commanded tions of the priests and of the people might hear any thing, must spoken language
ascend up into the ears of God altogether, and
be as a sweet savour, odour, and incense in his
nose; and thus was it used many hundred
years after Christ's ascension. . But the afore
said things cannot be done when the priests
speak to the people in a language not known, not whereto, taketh upon him command, and so they, or their clerk in their name, say not only against reason, but also directly against Amen, but they cannot tell whereunto. Whereas God. —And again said, whereas our Saviour saint Paul saith, How can the people say Amen Christ ordained the sacrament his most pre to thy well saying, when they understand not cious body and blood received
what thou say est? And thus was saint Paul Christian people under the forms bread and understood of interpreters, both the Greeks wine, and said the cup, ‘Drink this. " and Latins, old and new, school authors and the pope giveth clean contrary commandment, other that have read, until above thirty years. that lay man shall drink the cup their
ast. At which time one Eckius with other of salvation though the cup salvation by
sort began devise new exposition, un the blood Christ pertained not lay inen. derstanding St. Paul preaching only. —But And whereas Theophilus Alexandrinus, whose
when good number the best learned men reputed within this realm, some favouring the old, some the new learning, they term
works saint Hierome did translate about ele ven hundred years past, saith, “That Christ had been crucified for the devils, his cup should not denied them;’ yet the pope denieth the cup Christ Christian people, for whom
(where indeed that which they call the old,
the new, and that which they call the new,
indeed the old) but when great number Christ was crucified. So that should
which the hearers understand, else, saint Paul saith, what availeth hear? So that the pope giving contrary commandment, that the people coming the church shall hear they wou not what, and shall answer they know
such learned men both sorts, were gathered together Windsor, for the reformation
the service the church; was agreed both, without controversy, not one saying con
trary, that the service the church ought the mother tongue, and that saint Paul
ner “Jubemus omnes Episcopi pariter form bread, And moreover, the bread presbyteri non tacito modo, sed clara yoce, not the sacrament his blood, but his flesh qua, fideli populo exaudiatur, sacram oblatio only nor the cup the sacrament his flesh, nem preces sacro Baptismate adhibitas but blood only. And the pope keep celebrent, quo majori exiude devotione de
promendis Domini Dei laudibus audientium animi afficiantur. Ita enim Divus Paulus
docet Epistola Corinth. solummodo benedicat spiritus, quomodo qui privati locum tenet; dicet gratiarum actionem tuam, Amen quandoquidem quid dicas non videt. Tu quidem pulchre gratias agis, alter autem non
obey the pope these things, must needs disobey my Saviour Christ. — But was an swered hereunto, commonly the papists do answer, that under the form of bread whole Christ's flesh and blood that who
soever receiveth the form bread, receiveth well Christ's blood his fiesh. Let
so, yet the form bread only, Christ's be understood the civil law, more than blood not drunk, but eaten; nor re thousand years past, where Justinianus, most ceived the cup the form wine, Christ godly emperor synod writeth on this inan commanded, but eaten with the flesh under the
the fourteenth chapter the Corinthians was be understood. And saint Paul
dificatur. ” That say, We command that lay people receive not the whole sacrament bishops and priests celebrate the holy ob whereby Christ's death represented
lation and prayers used holy baptism, not commanded. —Moreover, the pope taketh after still close manner, but with clear loud upon him give the temporal sword, royal voice, that they may plainly heard the and imperial power, kings and princes:
faithful people, the hearers minds may be listed thereby with the greater devotion,
uttering the praises the Lord God. For Paul teacheth also the Epistle the Corin thians, “If the spirit only bless, say well, how shall that occupieth the place private person, say, Amen, thy thanks
iving? for perceiveth not what thou sayest.
years continually together have expounded To whom St. Gregory writeth, that therein saint Paul not preaching, only, but other did injury his three brethren, which were
'hou doest give thanks well, but the other
not edified. ' And not only the civil law, and
all other writers thousand and five hundred claimed superiority above other bishops.
lay persons, the sacrament their Christ's blood, which Christ given unto them. —And fur
eth from redemption
representation his death, where his blood was separated from his flesh, which not represented one kind alone: So that the
commandeth
thermore, Christ ordained the sacrament two kinds, the one separated from the other,
doth likewise take upon him depose them from their imperial states, they disobedi
ent him, and commandeth the subjects disobey their princes, assoyling the subjects
well their obedience, their lawful oaths made unto their true kings and princes, direct
contrary God's commandment, who com mandeth subjects obey their kings, their rulers under then. —One John, patriarch
Constantinople, the time St. Gregory
of
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s29] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARy, 1553. −for Treason and Herety.
[830
equal with him, that is to say, the bishop of know not, but shall pray God give Rome, the bishop of Alexandria, and of Anti him grace, that may seek above things ochia: which three were patriarchal sees, as promote God's honour and glory, and not well as Constantinople, and were brethren follow the trade his predecessors these one to another. But, saith St. Gregory, if latter days. -Nor have spoken for fear any one shall exalt himself above the rest, punishment, and avoid the same, thinking
the universal bishop, the same passeth rather occasion aggravate than dimi pride. But now the bishop Rome exalteth nish my trouble; but have spoken for my himself not only above kings and emperors, most bounden duty the crown, liberties, laws,
and above the whole world, but takes upon and customs this realm England, but
him give and take away, set and pull down, shall think good. And the devil having such authority, yet took upon
him give unto Christ the kingdoms the world, would fall down and worship him
like manner the pope taketh upon him give empires and kingdoms being none his,
such will fall down and worship him, and kiss his feet. —And moreover, his layers and glosers flatter him, that they fain may
command emperors and kings hold his stir rup when lighteth upon his horse, and
most specially discharge my conscience uttering the truth God's glory, casting away fear the comfort which have Christ,
who saith; “Fear not them that kill the body, and cannot kill the soul, but fear him that can cast both body and soul into hell fire. ’ He that for fear lose this life will forsake the truth, shall lose the everlasting life: And that for the truth's sake will spend his life, shall find everlasting life. And Christ promiseth stand fast with them before his Father, which will stand fast with him here. Which com
his footmen and that, any emperor and fort great, that whosoever hath eyes king give him any thing, they give him nothing fixed upon Christ, cannot greatly pass this but that his own, and that may dispense life, knowing that may sure have against God's word, against both the old and Christ stand him the presence his Fa new Testament, against St. Paul's epistles, and ther heaven. —And touching the sacra against the gospel. And furthermore whatso ment, said; Forasmuch the whole matter ever doth, although he draw innumerable standeth the understanding these words people heaps with himself into hell, yet may Christ “This my body; this my blood. ’
mo mortal man reprove him, because judge men, may judged
being
man.
said that Christ these words made demon
stration the bread and wine, and spake figu ratively, calling bread his body, and wine his
God,
were god, and nameth himself God's vi blood, because ordained them sacra
And thus sitteth the temple
car, and yet dispenseth against God. ments his body and blood. And where the this not play Antichrist's part, cannot papists say those two points contrary unto tell what Antichrist, which more say, me, that Christ called uot bread his body, but
but Christ's enemy and adversary; who shall substance uncertain, nor spake figuratively the temple God, advancing himself herein said would judged the old
above other, yet hypocrisy and feigned religion, shall subvert the true religion
Christ, and under pretence and colour Christian religion shall work against Christ, and therefore hath the name of Antichrist.
Now any man lift himself higher than the pope hath done, who lifteth himself above the world; can more adversary Christ, than dispense against God's laws,
Church, and which doctrine could proved the elder, that would stand unto. And for asmuch have alleged my book many old authors, both Greeks and Latins, which above thousand years after Christ continually taught
do; they could bring forth but one old author, that saith these two points they say, offered six seven years ago, and offer yet still, that will give place unto them. —But when bring forth any author that saith most
and where Christ hath given any command
ment, command directly the contrary, that
man inust needs be taken for Antichrist. But that the authors meant not so; who should
until the time that such person may found,
men may easily conjecture where find An
tichrist. —Wherefore, seeing the pope thus
overthrow both God's laws and man's laws,
taketh upon him make emperors and kings the authors meant they say. Now, whether
vassals and subjects unto him, especially they speak more the purpose herein, the crown this realm, with the laws and cus refer me the judgment indifferent
may hearers; yea the old church Rome, above consent admit his usurped power within thousand years together, neither believed nor this realm, contrary mine oath, mine obedi used the Sacrament, the church Rome
the power and authority the pope, have not church of Rome fell into new doctrine of spoken, take God record and judge, for transubstantiation; with the doctrine they any malice owe the pope's person, whom changed the use the Sacraument contrary
toms the same see mean how
ence God's law, mine allegiance and duty hath done late years-For the beginning, your majesty, and my love ard affection the church Rome taught pure and sound this realm. —This that have spoken against doctrine of the Sacrament. But after that the
plain terms do, yet saith the other part,
say, that the authors spake one thing, and meant clean contrary. And upon the other part, when they cannot find any one author, that
aith words they say; yet say they, that
of
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831] STATE TRIALS, 1 Mary, 1553–Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [s;
that Christ commanded, and the old church of took his bishopric both
Rome used above a thousand years. And yet to jesty and the pope, making
deface the old, they say that the new is the old ; solemn oath; which oaths
wherein for my part I am content to stand to that the one must needs perjured. And
the trial. But their doctrine is so fond and furthermore swearing the pope main uncomfortable, that I inarvel that any man tain laws, decrees, constitutions, ordinances, would allow knew what is. But reservations, and provisions, declareth him
howsoever they bear the people hand, that which they write their books, hath neither
self enemy the imperial crown, and the laws and state this realm, whereby declareth himself not worthy judge
truth nor comfort. —For their doctrine,
one body Christ made two bodies; one within this realm. And for these considera
natural, having distance members, with form and proportion man's perfect body, and this
body heaven; but the body Christ
the Sacrament, their own doctrine, must
needs monstrous body, having neither dis tance members, nor form, fashion propor
tion man's natural body. And such body the Sacrament, teach they, and
goeth into the mouth with the form bread, and entereth no further than the form of bread
goeth, nor tarrieth longer than the form bread natural heat digesting. that when the form bread digested, that body
tions refused take him for my judge. ”
men. And what comfort can herein
Christian man, receive Christ's unshapen
body, and enter further than the sto
mach, and depart and soon the grace's conscience shall give you For am bread consumed —It seemeth me more surely persuaded, that willingly your majesty sound and comfortable doctrine, that Christ will not offend, nor against your conscience bath but one body, and that hath form and for any thing. —But fear me that there con fashion man's true body; which body spi tradictions your oaths, and that those which ritually entereth into the whole man, body and should have informed your grace thoroughly, soul: and though the Sacrament consumed, did not their duties therein. And your ma yet whole Christ remaineth, and feedeth the jesty ponder the two oaths diligently, think receiver unto eternal life, continue god you shall perceive you were deceived; and then liness, and never departeth until the receiver your highness may use the matter God shall forsake him. And for the wicked, they put your heart. Furthermore, am kept have not Christ within them all, who cannot
be where Belial me seemeth,
And this my faith, and, sound doctrine, according
here from company learned men, from books, from counsel, from pen and ink, saving this
word,
God's and sufficient for Christian be for man ocase. Where
lieve that matter. And can be shewed unto me, that the pope's authority not pre
was nor will perverse stand wilfully mouth defend his truth there, well mine own opinion, but shall with humility here. But refer wholly your majesty's
judicial the things before mentioned, that pleasure. And for my appearance Rome,
appear which think cannot be shewed, then never there. And trust that God shall put my
my doctrine the Sacrament erroneous, your majesty will give me will
submit myself unto the pope, not only kiss pleasure. ”
his feet, but another part also. --Another cause
this realm, God's laws they con surer. But hearing master bailiff say, that trary that lawful oath the said bishop sat would the court Friday, thought Lim
why refused take the bishop Gloucester for my judge, was the respect his own per
Another Letter the Archbishop Dr. Mar tin and Dr. Story.
son, being more than once perjured. First, “I HAVE me commended unto you. And for that being divers times sworn never proulised, have sent my letters unto the consent that the bishop Rome should have queen's majesty unsigned, praying you sign any jurisdiction within this realm, but take them, and deliver them with speed. might the king and his successors for supreme heads have sent them the carrier sooner, but not
then judgment authority from Rome,
wherein was perjured, and not worthy judge. —The second perjury was, that
meet messenger send my letters by. For better later and surer, than sooner, and never
delivered. Yet one thing have written
This was written
“I LEARNED
day your majesty's coronation, you took
expend and weigh the two oaths together, see how they agree, and then your
time write unto your majesty, which were
necessary being my
fore beseech your majesty, that may have such these may stand with your majesty's
the queen's ma
another Letter the Queen.
doctor Martin, that
the
oath obedinence the pope Rome, and the same time you took another oath this realm, maintain the laws, liberties, and cus
toms the same. And your majesty did
was ac useth obedient
defend his person,
authority, honour, laws, lands and privileges.
make cording
oath the pope, think the other oaths which
princes; which
each them contrary,
Christ gone. And forasmuch evil men long digesting good men, the body Christ, their doctrine, entereth far, and tarrieth long wicked men godly any
minister him,
maintain his
And so, which know not but
port, then beseech your majesty look upon your oath made the crown and realm, and
-
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of
833] STATE TRIALS, I MARy, 1553. −for Treason and Heresy.
to the queen's majesty inclosed and sealed; make mine Appeal. But whether which I require you may be so delivered with first appeal from the judge delegate
[834
should the pope, out delay, and not be opened until it be deli and afterward the general council, else
vered unto her grace's own hands. I have leaving the pope, should appeal immediately
written that remember said, except that which spake against the bishop Glouces
ter's own person, which thought not meet write. And some places have written more than said, which would have answered
the bishop you would have suffered me. You promised should see mine answers
the council, herein stand need your counsel. —Many causes there for the which think good appeal. First, because am
oath bound never consent the re ceiving the bishop Rome's authority into
this realm. Besides this, whereas utterly re
fused make answer the articles objected the sixteen Articles, that might correct, unto me the bishop Gloucester, appointed
amend, and change them where thought good,
the pope my judge, yet was content answer Martin and Story, with this protesta
which your promise
kept not. And mine
. . ".
answer was not made upon my oath, nor re
tion,
peated, nor made Judicio, but ertra Judi made before judge, nor yet place judg
cium, protested; nor the bishop
Gloucester judge, but you the king's and queen's proctors. trust you deal sincerely with me without fraud craft, and use me you would wish like case yourselves. Remember, that Qua mensura mensi fueritis,
ment, but pertaining nothing judgment and moreover, after had made mine answer, required have copy the same,
that might either adding thereunto,
altering taking from correct and amend thought good. The which though both the bishop Gloucester, and also the king
eadem remetietur vobis, What measure you
inete, the same shall measured you again. and queen's proctors promised me, yet have Thus fare you well, and God send you spirit they altogether broken promise with me, and
here insert, under ensueth
LETTEB Dr. Cranmer, Archbishop,
they say, denieth man the remedy appeal
Lawyer
for the
drawing
APPEAL. men,
kept
skill herein
out nature requireth
“The law
that forth may done without
offence God, every one should seek
defend and preserve his own life. Which
thing, when about three days ago bethought
myself and therewithal remembered how
that Martin Luther appealed his time from
pope Leo the 10th, general council, lest
should seem rashly and unadvisedly cast time, you will apply this my matter only, till away myself, determined appeal like you have brought pass. The chiefest sort some lawful and free general council. cause very deed, tell you the truth, this
. . But seeing the order and form appeal per mine appeal that might gain time, taineth the lawyers, whereof myself am shall please God, live until have finished ignorant, and seeing that Luther's appeal cometh mine answer against Marcus Antonius Constan not my hand, purposed break my mind tius, which have now hand. But the in this matter some faithful friend and skil adversaries the truth will not admit mine
ful the law, whose help might use this appeal, fear they will not, God's will behalf, and you only among other came my done; pass not upon that God may
remembrance man most meet versity for my purpose. But this
this uni therein glorified, my life, my matter death. For much better for me die
that requireth great silence, that man Christ's quarrel and reign with him, than
know before be done.
an summoned make mine answer
the 16th day this month; before the which awhile this warfare, for the commodity and day think good, after sentence pronounced, profit my brethren, and the further ad
WOL.
that mine answer should not be taken
induce you into truth. ” have not permitted me correct my said Ye heard before how the archbishop Dr. Cran answers, according my request, and yet not
mer the month February was cited withstanding have, understand, registered Rome, and the month March next follow the same acts formally done place
ing was degraded the bishop Ely and judgment—Finally, forasmuch this my bishop Bonner. time which his degrada
tion put his Appellation. this his
Appellation, because needed the help some good and godly lawyer, writeth
certain friend his about the same the copy which letter Latin before expressed the old book Acts, there read, page
trouble cometh upon my departing from the bishop Rome, and from the popish religion,
fered appear some general council this 1492. The English the same thought good matter; specially seeing the law nature,
that now the quarrel betwixt the pope. him self and me, and man can lawful and indifferent judge his own cause, seemeth, mcthinks, good reason, that should suf
such cases. —Now, since
that this matter should be, perhaps for lack
very requisite close may
you shall have need
beseech you even for the fidelity and love you
bear me Christ, that you will open creature alive whose the case And foras
much the time now hand, and the mat ter requireth great expedition, me obtain thus much you, beseech you, that laying aside other your studies and business for the
so that here shut up, and kept the prison Rome, this body, unless were continue yet still
|.
further advice; then
-
it as
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3
if
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s35] STATE TRIALS, 1 MARY, 1553. −Proceedings against Archbishop Cranmer, [835
vancing of God's glory. To whom be glory yourself from the malice yours and God's for evermore, Amen. —There also yet ano enemies, into some place were God most ther cause why think good appeal, that purely served, which slandering the
whereas am cited Rome answer truth, but preserving yourself God, and there for myself, am notwithstanding kept the truth, and the society and comfort
here fast prison, that cannot there appear Christ's little flock. And that you will do,
the time appointed. Arid moreover, foras with speed, lest your own folly you fall much as the state stand matter of life into the persecutors hands. And the Lord send
and death, that have great need learned council for my defence this behalf; yet when
made my earnest request for the same, manner counsel and help proctors, advo cates and lawyers was utterly denied me. Your loving friend, Tho. CRAN MER. ”
Another Letter Dr. Cranmer, Archbishop, Mrs. Wilkinson, exhorting her fly the time Persecution.
“The true comforter distress only God, through his son Jesus Christ; and who
soever hath him, hath company enough al
though
his holy spirit lead and guide you whereso
ever you go, and that godly will say, Amen. ”
Unto these former Letters of Dr. Cranmer archbishop, written him unto others,
God absent, miserable wilderness and desolation. him comfort, and without him none. Wherefore beseech
you seek your dwelling there where you may truly and rightly serve God, and dwell him,
God praised again for this your most excel lent promotion which are called unto this present, that that are counted worthy
allowed amongst the number Christ's records and witnesses. England hath had but
few learned bishops, that would stick Christ ignem inclusive. Once again thank God heartily Christ for your most happy on set, most valiant proceeding, most constant suffering such insanies, hissings, clap pings, taunts, open rebukes, loss living and liberty, for the defence God's cause, truth, and glory. cannot utter with pen how rejoice
my heart for you three such captains the foreward under Christ's cross, banner, stand
ard such cause and skirmish, when not only one two our dear Redeemer's strong holds are besieged, but all his chief castles ordained for our safeguard, are traitorously impugned. This your enterprise the sight that heaven, and God's people earth,
most pleasant behold. This another man ner nobility, than the fore front worldly warfares. For God's sake pray for us, for we fail not daily pray for you. We are stronger and stronger the Lord, his name be
and have him ever dwelling heavy burden
man cannot suf Christ's religion you loath depart from your kin and friends,
remember that Christ calleth them his mother,
sisters and brothers, that do his Father's will.
Where we find therefore God truly honoured
according his will, there we can lack neither
friend nor kin. —If you loath depart for
the slandering God's word, remember that
Christ, when his hour was not yet corne, de
such place
fered serve God
you. What can unquiet conscience,
me not much out place annex certain Letter also Dr. Taylor, him and his fellow-prisoners: the
seemeth
withal
written
tenor of which letter here followeth:
“To my dear fathers, and brethren, Dr. Cranmer, Dr. Ridley, and Dr. Latimer, pri soners Oxford, for the faithful testimony God's holy word. Right reverend fathers
were wilderness all alone: and
that hath twenty thousand his company, grace and peace through Jesus Christ; and
the Lord, wish you enjoy continually God's
parted out
the malice
commanded
his country unto Samaria, avoid the Scribes and Pharisees; and
sued one place, they should
And was not Paul down
apostles that
they were pur another.
basket out window, avoid the persecution Aretas
And what wisdom and policy used from time time escape the malice enemies,
the Acts the apostles declare. And after
the same sort did the other apostles; albeit, praised, and we doubt not but
when came such point, that they could longer escape danger the persecutors
God's true religion, then they shewed them selves, that they lying before came not fear,
Christ; then they shewed how little they
Christ's own sweet school. Heaven all and
wholly our side; therefore Gaudete Do mino semper, iterum gaudete crultate, Rejoice always the Lord and again, rejoice and glad. Your assured Christ, Rowlax
but godly wisdom more good; and
that they would not rashly without urgent me TAYLoR. ”
cessity offer themselves death, which had
been but temptation God. Yea, when De Tho. Cranmeri Archiepiscopi qui carcere de they were apprehended, and could ionger
avoid, then they stood boldly the profession
Sed revocas lubricos meliora pedes. passed death; how much they feared God Te docuit lapsus magis vestigia firmes,
more than men, how much they loved and pre Atque magis Christo consocière tuo ferred the eternal life come above this short Utdue tuæ melius studeas harescere causae;
and miserable life. Wherefore exhort you well, Christ's commandment, the ex
ample him and apostles, withdraw
Sic mala non raro causa fuere boni.
bene successit; nam ficta adultera turba
Illudens aliis, luditur arte pari.
timebatur palinodia.
TE Cranmere, gravis sontem prope fecerat error;
his
a asas in Ito toto aain
to as
fly to his of to
as I
to in
I to
of no to a be tohe ifhe I at be so
ofby ofitin toin heof
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as ofat Et
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of
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ad
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to
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all in
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a
in of III
of
to
s37]
STATE TRIALS, I MARY, 1. 553. -for Treason and Heresy. [833
certos actus processerat, ipsum Tho mam super praemissis examinaverat, citatione praedicta, una cum jus legitima executione partibus facta, coram eodem Jacobo cardinali
iudicialiter producta, processu per audien tiam literarum nostrarum contradictarum con
tra eundem Thoman citatum non compa renten decreto, cum processu coram dicto episc. Gloucestrensi contra ipsum Thornam partibus habito coram praefato Jacobo cardinali productus fuisset, idem Thomas, cita tus, contraeum nihil diceret, imo comparere non curaret, prafato Thoma videndum per
reverend Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas ipsum Jacobum cardinalem referri causam Cranmer. referri juramentum supplementum plena:
probationis quantum opus esset, conclu “ PAULUs Episcopus servus servorum Dei dendum audiendum sententian definitivam, charissimo in Christo filio Philippo Regi, & certam tunc expressam diem, horam per charissimae in Christofilia: Mariae Regina An audientiam literarum contradictarun hujus
gliae, Francia, illustribus ac venerabilibus fra modi citato, omnibus actis actitatis causis tribus Londinensi & Eliensi Episcopis salutem, finjusmodi diligenter visis consideratis, cau & apostolicam benedictionem. Dudum per saun ipsam ac omnia pramissis actitata no
bis consistorio nostro secreto sideliter retulit: Qua relatione nobis praefertur facta, causa ipsa cum venerabilibus fratribus nostris sanctae
Nempe pia sic est frustratus frande papismus; Et cessit summo gloria tota Dco.
In mortem D. Cranmeri Cant. Archiepiscopi.
Infortunate est foelix, qui numine la so Cuiusvis gaudet commoditate boni.
Infoelix iile est vero foeliciter, orbi Invisus quisquis tristia fate subit.
Hoc Cranmere probas, vitae praesentis amore Dum quaeris sanctam dissimulare fiden:
Et dum consiliis tandem melioribus usus, Praeponis vitae funera sava tua.
A CoMMIssioN sent from the Pope, with the
SENTENcE definitive toproceed against the
Philippe Rex,
literas vestras charissime
Christiana filia Maria Regina nobis significatur,
quod iniquitatis filius Thomas Cranmerus, olim
Archiepiscopus Cantuariens reses aliaq. Romanae ecclesiae cardinalibus, tunc eodem tam grandia enormia crimina erat prolapsus, consistorio existentibus, plenè discussa, ma
quod non solum regimine ecclesiae Cantuarien ture examinata, cum dilecti filii Petrus Rovili
sis reddiderat indignum, verum etiam majori poenae fecerat obnoxium.