197, 259, 263;
migration
of 419; and
the Slavs, 428,430 sq.
the Slavs, 428,430 sq.
Cambridge Medieval History - v2 - Rise of the Saracens and Foundation of the Western Empire
;
loses territory to Persia, 289 sqq. ; re-
covers Asia Minor, 293; services of
Heraclius to, 297, 300 sq. ; and the Arab
states, 331, 340 sq. ; and the capture of
Sicily, 382; and the Saracens in Italy,
386 sqq. ; attempts to recover Sicily, 389;
435; and the Avar raids, 439; 453, 493,
555; and the authority of the Pope,
577 sqq. , 597, 617 sq. ; and the corona-
tion of Charles the Great, 622 sqq. , 706
note; 689
## p. 846 (#878) ############################################
846
Indear
Empire, West Roman, Western, the, 597,
618
Empire, Roman, the, revered by barbarians,
9 sq. ; place of Africa in, 14; Italy in-
cluded in, 18; aims of Justinian for,
20 sq. , 27; 34; policy towards barbarians,
35 sq. ; laws of, ch. III passim ; and the
Visigoths, 109; 190 sq. , 195; and the
Lombards in Italy, 198 sqq. , 244 sq. ,
250 ; policy of Lombard kings towards,
211 sqq. ; 226, 242; extension under
Justinian, 263; 282; 426, 504, 520;
land taxes in, 550; 554; and the Pope,
577 sqq. , 618, 622, 628; bucellarii in,
641; 660, 664, 684; remains the ideal in
later times, 687; 705
Empire, of Charles the Great, ch. xix;
erection of, 615 sqq. , 623, 705 sq. ;
division of, 624; sanctity of,615 sq. , 628,
658
Ems, River, boundary of diocese of Worms,
613
Endoe, sub-king, 507
Engers, the, Saxon sub-tribe, conquered,
610; 611
England, 53, 158, 206; beginnings of a
national church in, 255 sq. , 697; 404,
419,433; descent of royal family from
Wodan, 482; 485 sq. , 488 sq. , 491, 496,
499, 504 sq. , 511, 513; foundation of the
Christian Church in, 516 sqq. ; beginnings
of monasticism in, 525 sq. ; check to
monasticism in, 531; success of missions
in, 534; 535; sends helpers to Boniface,
538; connection of Boniface with, 541sq. ;
544 sq. ; Christian clergy work for the
unity of, 549; hidage system in, 550;
dominance of Northumbria in, 552;
organisation of the Church in, 556; end
of paganism in, 560; unification of, 564;
social organisation in, 565 sqq. ; political
organisation in, 569 sqq. ; village com-
munities in, 572; growth of learning in,
573 sq. ; pilgrims to Rome from, 583;
early institutions in, 638 sq. ,643,646 sqq. ,
652, 654; 698
English (Angles), the, Gregory's plan to
evangelise, 237,254; Augustine's mission
to, 254 sqq. ; conversion of, ch. xv. 1 (b)
(1) passim, 545 sqq. ; changes introduced
with Christianity among, 547 sqq. ;
sources of information about, 565; social
organisation of 566 sqq. ; political or-
ganisation of, 569 sqq. ; various types of
village among, 572; spread of learning
among, 573 sq. , 634; 702
English Channel, the, Augustine crosses,
124; Charles the Great examines de-
fences on shores of, 704
English Church, the, 496, 499; foundation
of, 515–519; early regulations in, 517 sqq. ;
check to monasticism in, 531; importance
of Synod of Whitby to, 554 sq. ; work of
Theodore of Tarsus for, 555 sqq. , 697;
and the Monothelete question, 557;
endowments in, 558; privileges of the
clergy increased, 561; synod of Cloveshc
and discipline in, 563
Enns, River, boundary of Frankish king
dom, 608
Eomer, attempts to murder Edwin, 522
Eorpwald, King of East Anglia, embraces
Christianity, 524; assassinated, ib. , 544
Epagne, Council of, condemns Arian heresy,
117
Ephesus, Bishops of. See John, Theo-
dosius
Ephorus, historian, cited, 432
Ephthalites, the, overcome by Turks, 268,
271
Epidaurus, fugitives from, found Bagusa
296
Épinay, Dagobert dies at, 125
Epiphania, Maslama winters at, 417
Epiphanius, Patriarch of Constantinople,
crowns Justinian and Theodora, 7;
death, 45
Epirus, ravaged by Goths, 17; castella in,
33; plundered by Slavs, 296
Epona, goddess of horses, 466, 476
Ercanbald, and the chancery, 662
Erconberht, King of Kent, 525; death, 529
Eresburg, the, taken by Charles the
Great, 610; centre of Frankish power,
611 sq.
Erfurt, diocese founded, 538; represented
at church council, 540
Erik, Swedish king, legend of, 487
Erin, 477
Erlangen, 452
Ermanarich, King of the Goths, said to
have overcome the Slavs, 430
Erwig, King of the Visigoths, conspires
against Wamba, 179; made king, 179 sq. ;
legislation of, ib. ; issues revised edition
of the Liber Judicum, 180 and note;
death, ib. , 190
Erzeroum, 33
Erzgebirge, 449, 453
Esla, River, 166
Essex, triumph of heathenism in, 522;
Cedd consecrated bishop for, 529, 546;
547, 551; suppression of heathen temples
in, 553; absorbed in Mercia, 564; 566,
569; scattered character of villages in.
572; 639
Estinnes, general council of Frankish
church at, 146, 540
Estrella, the, 186
Estremadura, 166
Esus, a god of the Kelts, 463 sq. , 473
Ethiopia, and Justinian, 269
Etival, monastery of, 148
Etna, 383
Eton, 572
Etsch, River. See Adige
Euchaita, plundered by Arabs, 393
Eudocia (Fabia), daughter of Rogatus of
Africa, marries Heraclius, 288; children
of, 289; death, ib.
## p. 847 (#879) ############################################
Indea:
Eugenius, Pope, consecrated, 402; and the
Patriarch Peter, ib. ; 403
Eulogius, Patriarch of Alexandria, 255
Euphemius, Sicilian rebel, seeks help of the
Saracens, 381; murdered, ib.
Euphrates, River, 32; Justinian's forts on,
33; 35; flight of Chosroes across, 274;
Persian troops cross, 288; and remove
boat-bridge, 294; the Lakhm settled on,
303; campaign of Khālid on, 337 sqq. ;
Persians cross, 346; 397, 428
Euric, King of the Visigoths, 109 sq. , 113,
188; conquers Iberian peninsula, 159;
160; drives back the Sueves, 165; 173,
187
Europe, 32,42; Roman Law in, 53; 131;
156, 238,247, 256,263; war of Lombards
and Gepids in, 268; 275, 280, 291 sq. ,
295, 327, 329 sq. , 354; the Saracens in,
ch. xII passim; the Berbers in, 366;
spread of Isläm in, checked, 374 sq. ;
390, 412, 414, 420, 428 sq. , 432, 434;
movements of the Avars in, 436; 442,
451, 456, 458, 471, 485, 527, 571, 593,
634, 645, 648; feudalisation general in,
654, 686 sq. , 700, 703 sq.
Eusebius, Bishop of Paris, 156
Euspicius, Bishop of Werdun-sur-Meuse, and
Clovis, 111
Eustasius, Abbot of Luxeuil, converts the
Warasci, 148
Eutharic, son-in-law of Theodoric, becomes
Consul, 6
Eutropius, Maurice and his family killed at,
282
Eutyches, archimandrite, punishment of
followers of, 108; 688
Eutychius, Patriarch of Constantinople, his
controversy with Gregory, 238
Eutychius, exarch, and Liutprand, 212;
and the surrender of Ravenna, 215
Euxine. See Black Sea
Evagrius, cited, 51, 267 note
Evora (Aebura Carpetana), insurrection in,
167
Exarchate of Ravenna, the, 233, 577; end
of, 578, 580, 690 sq. ; Aistulf asked to
restore, 583 sq. ; given by Pepin to the
Pope, 588, 590, 598 sq. ; the Emperor
claims, 590; 597, 603; weakness of rule
in, 693; extent of, ib. , 694; 695, 699 sq. ;
Desiderius ravages, 701; Archbishop of
Ravenna attempts to appropriate, 702
Exe, River, 561
Exeter, Winfrid educated at, 536; 561
Ezra, Armenian Catholicus, agrees to
religious union, 398
Fadāla, general, conquers Chalcedon, 354,
397
Faenza, victory of Totila at, 16; ceded by
Desiderius, 217, 591; reoccupied, 219
Fagana, 633
Faran, Bishop of. See Theodore
Faremoutier-en-Brie, abbey of, 148, 525
847
Faroe Islands, 487
Fars, province, conquered by the Saracens,
348
Fastidius, British bishop, 499 sq.
Fatalis, widow, and the bishop Fastidius,
499
Fātima, daughter of Mahomet, 333, 379
Fātimites, the, origin of, 379; 387; rule in
Sicily, 388
Faustus, Bishop of Riez, 499 sq.
Fazāra, the, Bedouin tribe, 319
“Feld,” in Hungary, Lombards in, 195
Felix IV, Pope, 236
Felix, Bishop of Dunwich, converts East
Anglia, 524, 546; 556
Felix, Bishop of Nantes, straightens course
of the Loire, 144
Felix, Bishop of Urgel, condemned, 616
Felpham, 572
Ferghana, 432
Fergus Glutt, King of Cobha, 508
Ferrara, taken by Lombards, 215; ceded
by Desiderius, 217, 591; reoccupied, 219;
ducatus of, formed, 228; 693
Feudalism, tendencies towards, in England,
571; origins of, ch. xx passim ; in Gaul,
151 sqq. , 154
Fezzan (Zawila), the Saracens reach, 366
Fichtelgebirge, 452
Fife, county, 512
Fifehead Neville, early Christian relics
found at, 501
Fihl, Byzantine army at, 342
Fihr, tribe, 377
Finan, Bishop of Lindisfarne, work of, 528;
baptises Sigebert II, 529; 531, 554
Finchley, 572
Finns, the, 432
Fith. See Iserninus
Fittleworth, 572
Flaminian Way, the, Lombards on, 198,
244; 228
Flanders, St Amandus preaches in, 125
Florinda (La Cava), legend of, 183 sq.
Fochlad, 507
Fontaines, monastery of, founded by St
Columbanus, 147
Forfar, 559
Forfarshire, 512
Forinum, Constans II defeated at, 394
Forli, taken by Grimoald, 205
Forth, Firth of, 509 sqq.
Forth, River, Oswy rules beyond, 552; 559
Fortress of the Slavs, the, taken by Mas-
lama, 417
Fortunatus, Wenantius, poet, and the
marriage of Brunhild, 120; career, 156;
literary work, ib. ; cited, 158, 164, 259
Forum Judicum (Liber Judiciorum), cited,
174; compilation of, 178; revised edition
issued, 180 and note, 181 sq. note, 189;
remained in force many centuries, 190
Forum Julii. See Cividale and Friuli
Fosite, Frisian god, 485
Fraechan, son of Temnan, 507 sq.
## p. 848 (#880) ############################################
848
Indea:
Fragmentum Fantuzzianum, 585 note, 588
note
Frampton, early Christian relics found at,
501
France, use of Theodosian Code im, 57; 58,
115; Septimania incorporated with, 118;
119 ; end of Merovingian dynasty in,
131; rule of St Benedict introduced into,
148; 192, 373, 383, 433 sq. , 515, 625,
638, 643, 646
Francia, Pepin's rule in, ch. xviii passim ;
under Charles the Great, ch. xix passim ;
Saxon hostages transported to, 613;
(West) coronation ceremonial developed
in, 660
Franconia, Kilian preaches in, 128; 678
Frankfort, Synod of, condemns Tassilo of
Bavaria, 607; condemns Adoptianists,
616
Franks, the, make alliance with the Empire,
15 sq. ; oppose imperialists in Italy, 18;
baptised with Clovis, 112; war with
Visigoths, 113 sqq. , 160 sq. ; at battle
of Wouglé, 114, 160; invade Burgundy,
117; annex suzerainty over Alemans,
118; 125, 128; elect Pepin king, 131;
134, 137 sq. ; religious fervour of, 145;
and the Papacy, 146; and Gallo-Romans,
150 sq. ; trade of, 155; 158 sq. ; and the
war in Spain, 163 sq. ; 168, 170; re-
pulsed by Recared, 171; assist Sisenand,
175; invade north of Spain, 185; hold
the passage of the West Alps, 198;
combine with imperialists against Lom-
bards, 200; procure release of Gundeberga,
202; shelter Perctarit, 205; 214; at war
with Aistulf, 216 sq. , 589 sq. ; intervene
between the Pope and Lombard kings,
217 sqq. , 243, 589 sq. ; growth in power,
220; local independence in the Church
of, 256, 259; 257 sq. , 354; and the
Spanish Umayyads, 381; and the Avars,
436, 439,444, 450, 453 sq. ,457,490; 515;
English bishops flee to, 522; Sigebert
flees to, 524; 525, 530, 532 sq. ; and
Frisian missions, 534, 535 sq. ; disregard
of church laws among, 539; 541; under
Pepin, ch. xv. 111 passim; under Charles
the Great, chs. xix and xx1 passim;
popular assemblies of, 640; 642; im-
portance of acceptance of Catholic Faith
by,655; theocratic nature of the state,656,
658, 672; 687; and the Papacy, 696 sqq.
Frau Holle, 485
Fredegar, chronicle of, described, 157;
cited, 128, 130, 174, 438, 451 and note,
452, 457
Fredegund, serving-woman, marries Chil-
peric, 120; governs Neustria, 123; death,
ib. ; 124; eulogised by Fortunatus, 156
Frederick II, Emperor, 388
Freising, diocese of, formed, 538; 634
Frey, god of fertility, 484 sqq. , 492 sq.
Freyja, goddess, 485 sq.
Friesland, heathen customsin, 490, 492,494
Frigg, worship of, 456, 486
Frisia, Christian missionaries in, 534 sq.
work and death of Boniface in, 541,581;
Wilfrid sails to, 557; 614
Frisians, the, defeated by Pepin, lif;
482 sq. , 488; missions to, 534 sqq. , 6. 12.
697; 581 : rise against the Franks, 512:
672 sq.
Frithomas ſº Archbishop ºf
Canterbury, 528; death, 529; 697
Fritzlar, foundation of Boniface at. 537;
538; destroyed by Saxons, 610
Friuli (Forum Julii), limes of, destroyed tº
Lombards, 196; 197; duke of, joins the
imperialists, 200; 201; Avars in, 295;
insurrection in, 206; 213; part of scheme
# *. 225; Avars defeated in, 503;
Friuli, Erich, Margrave of, takes the Avar
Ring, 609
— Gisulf, Duke of, killed by Avars.
203; 204
— Hrodgaud, Duke of, rises agains:
Charles the Great, 600; killed, ib.
— Lupus, Duke of, rebels against Grime-
oald, 205; killed in battle, ii.
— Pemmo, Duke of, quarrels with Patri.
arch of Aquileia, 213; dismissed by
Liutprand, ib.
— Ratchis, Duke of. See Ratchis, King
of the Lombards
— Wechthari, Duke of, made duke by
Grimoald, 205
Froja, Visigothic noble, leads insurrection
against Reces winth, 177; defeated, ib.
Frostathingslov, the, 632, 634
Frumar, King of the Sueves, 165
Fru Saelde, 487
Fueros in Visigothic Spain, 191
Fulda, abbey of, founded by Boniface, 537;
538; placed directly under the Pope.
541 and note, 581; burial of Bonifaces:,
ib. ; great property of, 647
Fulham, 572
Fullan (Faelan), bishop in East Anglia.
524
Fulrad, Abbot of St Denis, ambassador of
Pepin to Pope Zacharias, 131, 581; to
Pope Stephen, 216; rewarded by Pepin.
581; entertains Pope Stephen, 584; 587;
collects the keys of the surrendered cities,
590; present at the enthronement of
Desiderius, 591; made arch-chaplain.
662
Fursey, Christian missionary, founds a
monastery, 524
Füstät, Saracen capital in Egypt, 351 sq.
Gaëta, acquires independence, 234; and
the Saracen raids, 385
Gafes, victory of Hassàn at, 370
Gail, River, 203
Gaiseric, King of the Wandals, and the sack
of Rome, 4; 10
Gaius, jurist, Institutes of, 55, 58,61: 68
## p. 849 (#881) ############################################
Indea:
849
Galatia, 39; the Persians in, 285; 293,
395; raided by Arabs, 415
Galicia, partly under Visigothic rule, 159,
167; 168, 170 sq.
Gall, St. See Gallus
Gallese, castle of, taken by Transamund
of Spoleto, 213
Gallo-Germans, the, 462
Gallo-Romans, the, contemn the Arians,
110; 111; and Clovis, 115; 127, 132,
134, 137; continue under Roman Law,
138, 160, 178; in the armies, 141; under
Frank administration, 150; land law as
regards, 187
Galloway (Galwiethia), British settlement
in, 511; 512
Gallus (St Gall), founds monastery, 148
Gallus, deacon, 644
Galswintha, daughter of Athanagild,
marries Chilperic, 120, 164; murdered, ib.
Galway, county, 506
Gangra, Arabs at, 414
Ganzaca (Takhti-Soleiman), Persians de-
feated near, 280; taken by Heraclius,
293 sq. ; 298 sq.
Garibald, son of Grimoald, King of the
Lombards, driven from the throne, 206
Garigliano, River, Saracen camp on, 387
Garonne, River, 129, 374, 459
Gashak, Persian general, fails to defend
Partav, 297
Gasindi, Lombard nobles, 210 sq.
Gaul, Frankish kings in, 19; 58, 110;
effect of baptism of Clovis in, 1. 12; 113;
conquered by Clovis, 116; conquest com-
pleted by sons of Clovis, 117 sqq. ;
reunited under Chlotar II, 124; Pepin II
supreme in, 128; Arabs invade, 129,
373 sq. ; institutions of, under Mero-
vingian Franks, ch. v passim ; weakness
of papal authority in, 146; monasteries
in, 147 sq. ; change of language in, 150;
Visigothic kingdom in, 159 sqq. ; Spanish
Jews flee to, 174, 181; fusion of races in,
186, 191, 195; Lombard raids in, 198;
202; Pope Stephen goes to, 215 sq. ;
Lombard royal family taken to, 220;
estates of the Church in, 242; 252; helps
Augustine's mission to Britain, 254 sq. ;
the Church in, 256 sqq. ; Arabs driven
from, 375; Keltic heathenism in, ch. xv
(A) passim ; 472 sqq. , 477, 496, 499 sq. ,
502, 506; relation of the Church to that
of England, 518, 524; 549, 581 sq. , 587,
592, 597, 604; early institutions in,
640 sq. , 647 sq. , 665, 677, 696, 698, 702
Gauls, the, 17; 256, 259; religion of,
ch. xv (A) passim ; 540
Gaza, 340 sq.
Gazelon, 412; taken by Arabs, 414
Geila, brother of Swinthila, takes part in
the government, 175
Geirstad, worship of Olaf at, 487
Gº". Boniface fells sacred oak at, 537,
97
C. MED. H. Vol. II.
Gelimer, King of the Wandals in Africa,
made king, 10; inefficiency, 12, 15;
defeat, 13
Geneva, 109; Charles the Great holds an
assembly at, 598
Geneviève, St, defends Paris, 111; 156
Gennadius, presbyter of Marseilles, cited,
499
Gennadius, exarch, and the Church, 252 sq.
Gennadius, patrician, persecutes Numidian
bishop, 253
Gennesareth, Sea of, 342
Genoa, Archbishop of Milan takes refuge
at, 196; holds out against the Lombards,
244; plundered by Saracens, 388
Geoffrey of Monmouth, 497
Geographer of Ravenna, the, cited, 475
George, St, Slav worship of, 425
George, Patriarch of Alexandria, death,
399
George, Patriarch of Antioch, at Trullan
Council, 408
George, Patriarch of Constantinople, 404;
at the Sixth General Council, 405; de-
prived, 407
George, logothete, sent to Cherson, 413;
killed, ib.
George Arsas, Monophysite, 398
George Buraphus, Count of Obsequium,
conspires against Philippicus,415; blinded
and banished, ib.
Georgia, 28
Gepids (Gepidae), in the imperial army, 11;
and the Lombards, 19; settled west of
Danube, 30, 35; 34; defeated by Lom-
bards, 195, 268, 436; besiege Constanti-
nople, 295
Geraint, King of Devon,
Taunton, 560; 573
Gerberga, widow of Carloman, takes refuge
with Desiderius the Lombard, 219, 596,
701; given up with her sons to Charles,
599
Germanicea, 393; Arabs abandon,
407, 416
Germans, the, (Germani), 127 sq. ; influence
of, on Gaulish institutions, 132; as
slave-holders, 149; 194; original home
of, 418; connection of, with the Slavs,
ch. xIV passim ; 459; heathen deities of,
460 sq. , 475, 483; 490 sq. , 509, 562, 566,
609, 641, 646, 653, 667
Germanus, St, Bishop of Auxerre, visits
sepulchre of St Alban, 497; combats
Pelagianism in Britain, 500; consecrates
Patrick, 506
Germanus, Patriarch of Constantinople,
mutilated, 395; as bishop of Cyzicus is a
Monothelete, 414; becomes patriarch and
Dithelete, 415; arrested, 416; acts as
envoy of Theodosius to Leo, 417
Germanus, Bishop of Cyzicus. See Ger-
manus, Patriarch of Constantinople
Germanus, Bishop of Damascus, accom-
panies Priscus to the camp, 278
54
driven from
406;
## p. 850 (#882) ############################################
850
Indea:
Germanus, patrician, nephew of Justinian,
holds command in army, 11; subdues
revolt in Africa, 13; death, 17; holds
double authority in Africa, 20 sq. ; sent
against Persians, 29; 267
Germanus, general, 277 note; proclaimed
emperor by the soldiers, 278; invades
Persia, 279; tries to obtain the support
of the Greens, 282; plots against Phocas,
284; made a priest, ib. ; 285 sq.
Germany, paganism in, 19; 119, 125;
Charles Martel in, 129; 141; Lombards
in, 194; 434, 453; nature worship in,
459 sqq. ; 485 sqq. ; the coming of
Christianity to, 532–542, 698; 581, 605,
625; foundations of society in, ch. xx
passim ; 685, 697; Boniface primate of,
698
Gerona, 179, 592, 604; under Frankish
rule, 605; taken by Arabs, ib. ; retaken,
606
Gerona, Bishop of. See John of Biclar
Gertrude, daughter of Pepin of Landen,
founds abbey of Nivelle, 126
Getae, the, worship of ancestors among, 488
Getingas, the, 634
Gewilip, Bishop of Mainz, deposed, 540
Ghadames, 367
Ghassān, the, subject to the Empire, 303,
331 sq. , 339
Ghassanids, the, 340, 358
Ghatafān, the, tribe of Central Arabia, 334;
defeated, 336
Ghent, St Amandus at, 534
Ghilan, Shaweh Shah defeated in mountains
of, 279
Gibalbin, 164
Gibbon, Edward, cited, 53, 300
Gibraltar, 173; origin of name, 371
Gibraltar, Strait of, 109; arrangements for
defence of, 224; 376, 380
Gildas, cited, 496 sq. , 499 sq.
Gilling, Oswin slain at, 527
Giraldus Cambrensis, cited, 524
Girgenti, 390
Gironde, River, 119
Gisa, daughter of Grimoald, offered as
hostage, 205, 394
Gisalic, bastard son of Alaric II, proclaimed
king, 114, 161; defeated, 161 ; killed, ib.
Gisela, sister of Charles the Great, marriage
of, 595
Gisulf, 197
Gisulfings, the, 196
Glasgow, 512
Glasgow, Bishops of. See Herbert, Joceline
Glastonbury, 561
Glomachi, Sorb clan, social classes among,
450; 454 note
Gloucester, 474
Gloucestershire, early Christian relics in,
501; 545
Gobban, priest, 524
Godeoch, King of the Lombards, occupies
Rugiland, 194 sq.
Godepert, Lombard king, quarrels withº
brother, 204; slain, 205; 210 sq.
Godigisel, Burgundian , rules sº
Geneva, 109; 111; treats with Cº.
112; slain, ib.
Godomar, King of Burgundy, 117
Göttrik, King of Denmark, opposes Chara
the Great, 614; assassinated, #5.
Gofannon (Gobannon's), god, 477
Goibniu, 477
Goisvintha, widow of Athanagild, marris
Leovigild, 168; quarrels with Inguzis.
ib. ; conspires against Recared, 172
Golden Horn, the, 291 sq. , 295
Gomera, 183
Goodmanham, temple at, destroyed,535
Gordia, sister of Maurice, marries
picus, 277 note
Gordianus, father of Gregory the Gree.
236
Gorgenes, Iberian king, goes over to the
Romans, 270
Gorman, Martyrology of, cited, 505
Gortyna, Bishop of. See Basil
Gothia, assigned to Carloman, 595
Goths, 11 ; in Italy, 12; retake Milan. 15:
offer kingship to Belisarius, 16; regar
independence, ib. ; defeated by Nars.
17; last resistance of, 18; 23,29,154. 17i.
197, 259, 263; migration of 419; and
the Slavs, 428,430 sq. ; 435,485, 532 sº-
643. See also Ostrogoths, Visigoths
Gotland, island, 488, 490
Grado (New Aquileia), Patriarch of Agrº-
leia flees to, 196; made a bishoprie. **
Granada, 167
Grannos, god, 474
Grasulf, made Duke of Friuli, 203
Great Britain. See Britain
Great Broughton, inscription at, 475
Great St Bernard, Mt, route of contings:
of Franks, 220, 598
Greece (Hellas), Huns ravage, 31; fºr:-
resses built in, 33; Slav forays in, 295;
grain exported to, 428; limit of Ara:
power, 438; 440, 459, 461, 633, 635
Greeks, 108,464, 466 sq. See also Byzan-
tines
Greenland, Oriental coins found in, 42s
Greens, the, faction, struggle with the
Blues, 1, 51; support Anastasius, 7 sq. ;
and the Nika Riot, 8 sq. ; and the E-
peror Maurice, 281 sq. ; in Antioch.
Jerusalem and Alexandria, 285, is".
turn against Phocas, 286, 288; conspire
against Philippicus, 415
Greetland, inscription at, 476
Gregorius, nephew of Liutprand, in charge
of Benevento, 212; death, 213
Gregorius, compiler of the Coder Gregºn-
anus, 54,
Gregory I, the Great, Pope, ch. viii is
passim ; and Brunhild, 124, 146; and
Augustine's mission, 124, 128, 254sq.
515 sq. , 697; Dialogues of, cited, 170s-
## p. 851 (#883) ############################################
Indea:
851
259; mediates between Recared and the
Emperor Maurice, 172; and the Lom-
bards, 201, 694; and Theodelinda, 202;
223; early life, 235; education, 236;
praefect of Rome, ib. ; papal apocrisiarius
at Constantinople, ib. ; controversy with
Eutychius, ib. ; Moralia of, ib. ; returns
to Rome, 239; ends Three Chapters
controversy, ib. ; made pope, 240;
Regulae Pastoralis Liber of, ib. ; letters
of, 241; administration of estates of the
Church, 242 sq. ; policy towards the
Lombards, 243 sq. ; dispute with the
Emperor Maurice, 245 sq. , 283; con-
troversy with John the Faster, 247, 283;
and relations of Church and State, 248;
and the revolution at Constantinople,
250 sq. , 284; historical position, 251;
and the Church in Africa, 252 sq. ; and
the Church in Istria, 253; and the Church
in Gaul, 256 sqq. ; enforces discipline,
257 sq. ; and Catholicism in Spain, 259;
and the Visigoths, 260; and Leander of
Seville, ib. ; death, ib. ; character and
influence, 261 sq. ; and heathen sacrifices,
489; correspondence with Augustine,
517 sq. ; 524; 542, 576; and the medieval
Papacy, 685; 686, 693; 698
Gregory II, Pope, and Boniface, 130, 536,
698; and Liutprand, 212, 695; resists
Leo the Isaurian, 231, 578, 691, 695;
death, 538, 695; 694; plot to murder,
695; 700
Gregory III, Pope, and Charles Martel,
130, 580, 695; and Transamund of
Spoleto, 213, 695; and Boniface, 538;
539, 578, 698; and the Lombards, 579;
694; death, 699
Gregory VII, Pope, letters of, cited, 540
Gregory, Bishop of Antioch, influences the
troops, 279
Gregory, Bishop of Tours, cited, 109,115sqq. ,
142, 145 sq. , 159, 162, 164, 167 sq. ,
170 sq. , 240, 257, 259, 271, 641; and
Chilperic, 122; and Leudastes, 137; 147;
characteristics of his history, 156 sq.
Gregory, archimandrite, encourages revolt
of Leontius, 409
Gregory, general, aids Maurice, 287
Gregory, nephew of Heraclius, hostage, 393
Gregory, patricius of Carthage, defeated,
367; and the Monothelete controversy,
400; 401 sq.
Gréoulx, 460
Grifo, son of Charles Martel, rebels against
Carloman and Pepin, 539, 587; death,
587
Grim, Scandinavian hero, 487
Grimo, Bishop of Rouen, 540
Grimo, Abbot of Corbie, brings papal gifts
to Charles Martel, 130
Grimoald, King of the Lombards, early
difficulties in Friuli, 203; made duke of
Benevento, 204; seizes supreme power,
ib. ; made king of the Lombards, 205;
wars of, ib. ; consolidates realm, ib. ;
death, 206; 211, 228; goes to the help of
Romuald, 394; 443
Grimoald, son of Pepin II, marries Theut-
sind, 535
Grimoald, son of Pepin of Landen, attempts
to seize the kingdom, 126, 575
Grimoald of Benevento, marries Perctarit's
daughter, 206
Guadalete, River, 185
Guadalquivir, River, 164, 169
Guadibeca, River. See Barbate
Guarrazar, Gothic relics found at, 193
Gubbio, taken by Desiderius, 219
Guiana, 53
Gundeberga, sister of Adaloald, imprisoned,
; marries Rothari, Duke of Brescia,
203
Gundemar, Visigothic noble, made king,
173; Council of Toledo summoned by, 188
Gundoald, son of Duke of Bavaria, made
Duke of Asti, 200; his son becomes king
of the Lombards, 204
Gundobad, King of Burgundy, issues code
of laws, 57; rules at Vienne, 109; 111;
slays Godigisel, 1. 12; aids Clovis, 113 sq. ;
117
Gundobald, bastard son of Chlotar I, revolt
of, 122
Guntharic, heads revolt in Africa, 13
Guntram, King of Orleans and Burgundy,
son of Chlotar I, 120; supports Childe-
bert II, 122; death, 123; 133; founds
monastery of St Marcel, 147; 156;
invades Septimania, 171 sq. ; 198; 641
Guntram-Boso, Austrasian noble, attacks
Brunhild, 122
Gustavus Wasa, King of Sweden, 491
Guth-ard, idol, 478
Gwynedd (North Wales), 543
Gyrwe, the, 545, 552
Habib ibn Maslama, invades Armenia, 353,
393, 396
Haddon House, inscription at, 473
Hadramaut, 336
Hadrian, Emperor, 54, 61, 93
Hadrian I, Pope, supports Charles the Great
against the Lombards, 219; makes terms
with the Empire, 233; separates Mercia
from Canterbury, 565; and the Donation
of Constantine, 586; policy of, 598;
Charles the Great confirms in possession
of estates, 599, 702; anoints Pepin,
600; 601; his relations with Charles,
602 sqq. , 703; and the Duke of Bavaria,
606; and the Saxon war, 612; and
the question of images, 616 sq. ;
death, 619; 694; accession, 696, 701;
character, 701, 703; nepotism of, 703;
704 sq.
Hadrian, Abbot of SS. Peter and Paul,
Canterbury, educational work of, 573;
suggests Theodore for the archbishopric,
697
54–2
## p. 852 (#884) ############################################
852
Index
Hadrianople, Slave threaten, 36; Avars at,
296
Hadrianopolis in Bithynia, Sapor at, 397
Hadrumetum, 224
Haemus, Mt, 405
Haidra, a fortress of Justinian, 22
Hainault, St Amandus preaches in, 125;
146
Hajj, a yearly festival, 304
Hajjaj, adherent of 'Abd-al-Malik, kills
Mus'ab, 361; modifies fiscal system, 362;
roles in 'Irak, 363
Hakon, King of Norway, story of, in Norse
saga, 635
Halfdan the Black, Scandinavian king, 487
Halle, fortress built at, 614
Halifred the Unlucky Poet, 486
Halys, Biver, 295
Hamadhan, taken by Arabs, 348
Hammadids, the, 379
Hampshire, 553, 573
Hamza, uncle of Mahomet, killed, 318
Hanifs, the, possibly influence Mahomet,
306
Hanzala ibn Safwan, defeats the Berbers,
377; driven from Africa, to.
Hanzit, province, Maurice raises recruits in,
275
Harald, King of Norway, sends his son to
Aethelstan, 635
Harcourt, origin of name, 152
Hardascir, Bishop of. See Maris
Hardenhuish, 572
Hardriding, inscription at, 475
Harith the Ghassanid, pbylarchus, 35
Harold Fairhair, King of Norway, 483, 490
Harpole, early Christian relics found at,
501
Harra, Biver, battle on, 360
Harthacnut, King of England, 643
Harura, 357
Harurites (Kharijites), 357
Hasan, grandson of Mahomet, 333; makes
terms with Mu'awiya, 358; abdicates,
396
Hasan ibn Ali, ruler of Sicily, 388
Hase, Biver, Franks victorious on, 612
Hassan ibn an-Nu'man, takes Carthage,
'369; successful policy of, 370 sq. ; 380
Hastings, battle of, 643
Hatfield, synod held at, 404; 572
Havel, Biver, 155
Hawazin, Bedouin tribes, defeated, 325;
adopt Islam, 326
Headde, Bishop of Winchester, and Ine,
561
Heathfield, near Doncaster, Edwin defeated
and slain at, 525, 544; 545 sq. ; church
synod held at, 557
Heavenfield, victory of Oswald at, 525, 545
Hebdomon, palace, death of Tiberius II in,
277; Phocas crowned at, 282; raided by
the Avars, 291
Hebrews, in Spain, intolerable position of,
177; conspiracy of, 181
Hecanas (Magesaete), the, 553, 557
Heddemheim, inscription at, 475
Hedgerley, 572
Hegira. the, term explained, 313 and note
Heiligenloh, Heiligenforst, significance of,
as place-names, 491 sq.
Hel, as mentioned in the Edda poems,
493 sq.
Heienopontus, 396
Helga, mother of Svyatoslav, 453
Heliopolis, battle of, 350
Hellas. See Greece
Hellenes, name for pagans, 43 sq.
Hellenism, overpowers Slav influence in
Greece, 297; and Islam, 330
Hellespont, province, 39; metropolitan of
Cyprus recognised as metropolitan of,
407
Hellespont. See Dardanelles
Helmechis, foster-brother of Alboin, con-
spires with Bosamund, 196; death, ib.
Helmold, cited, 456
Helvetii, the, 460
Hemming, King of Denmark, makes peace
with Charles the Great, 614
Hendrica, 553
Henotikon, the, 398, 688
Henry H, Emperor, and Bolealav Khrobry,
455
Her, 298
Heraclea, Heraclius touches at, 288; meet-
ing of Heraclius and the Khagan of the
Avars to take place at, 291
Heraclea (Cybistra), Arabs take, 415
Heraclea Pontica, taken by Arabs, 412
Heraclius, Eastern Emperor, and Dagobert,
125; 140; and Sisebut, 173 sq. ; 227,
ch. rx passim, 284; plots against Phocas,
287; crowned emperor, 288; marries
Eudocia, »6. ; children, 289; marries
Martina, ib. ; supersedes Priscus, ib. ;
negotiates with Sahin, 290; financial
difficulties, 291; and the Avar treachery,
ib. ; attacks Persia, 293; successes,
294 sq. ; makes alliance with the Chazaxs,
297; invades Persia, 298; makes peace,
299; restores the Holy Cross to Jerusalem,
ib. ; aims, 300; character, ib. ; and
Mahomet, 322; 340; and the war in
Syria, 341 sqq. ; fiscal difficulties, 340',
345, 349; 346; and Cyrus of Alexandria,
349 sq. ; death, 350; dispositions by will,
391, 405; military organisation under,
395 sq. ; and religious disunion, 398 sq. ;
signs the Ekthetis, 400; 401; 689 sq.
Heraclius, father of the emperor, at the
battle of Solochon, 277; in Armenia, 278;
victory of, 279; plans overthrow of Phocas,
287
Heraclius, son of the emperor, 391; and
his nephew's accession, 392
Heraclius, son of Constans H, crowned,
394; the troops support, 405; mutilated,
ib.
Heraclius, son of Constantine IV, 406
## p. 853 (#885) ############################################
Indea:
853
Heraclius, brother of Tiberius, military
successes of, 410, 412; put to death, 411
Herbert, Bishop of Glasgow, 510, 512
Herbord, cited, 438
Hercules, 464, 482
Herd sands, the, inscription at, 473
Herecura (Juno Regina), 462
Hereford, 544; bishop's see at, 557
Herefordshire, 543 sq. , 553
Hermenegild, son of Leovigild, given part
of Visigothic kingdom, 166; marriage,
168, 259; conversion, ib. ; usurpation,
ib. ; successes, 169; subdued, 170, 259;
killed, ib. ; 171,260
Hermogenianus, compiler of the Coder
Hermogenianus, 56
Hermunduri, the, 484
Herod, 122
Herodotus, 157; cited, 427 sq.
Hertford, canons of Synod of, 531, 557
Hertfordshire, 475, 572
Heruls (Heruli, Herulians), 11; settled west
of Danube, 30; 34 sq. ; on right bank of
Rhine, 113; 160; and the Lombards,
195; 424 sq. , 428; conquer the Slavs,
430; 435; heathen customs among,
493 sq.
Hesse, 492; work of St Boniface in,
537 sqq. ; Saxons make a raid into, 610
Hessians, the, 697
Hewald, missionary, 610
Hexapolis, ravaged by Arabs, 396; 397, 412
Hexham, inscription at, 475; 525, 545;
bishopric of, 556; Wilfrid at, 562
Hidage system, the, 550 sq.
Hierapolis (in Syria), 33; Narses at, 285;
398
Higbert, Bishop of Lichfield, made arch-
bishop, 565
High Stead, inscription at, 475
Hijāz, Turkish province, 334
Hijāz, the, oppose Yazid, 359
Hilarus, overseer of the patrimony of the
Church in Africa, 253
Hildeprand, King of the Lombards, nephew
of Liutprand, co-regent, 213; military
successes, ib. ; king, 214; dethroned, ib.
Hilderic, King of the African Wandals,
appeals to Justinian, 10; deposed, ib. ,
14
Hildibad, King of the Goths in Italy, chosen
king, 16
Hildibald, Archbishop of Cologne, 662
Hill of Calvary, keys of, sent to Charles the
Great, 620, 704
Himyar, port, 41
Himyarites, 35; trade negotiations of By-
zantines with, 41
Hinba, island, St Columba at, 513
Hincmar, Bishop of Rheims, cited, 668 sq. ;
671
Hind, wife of Abū Sufyan, barbarity of,
318 sq.
Hinojosa, cited, 159, 191
Hippo, Bishop of. See Augustine
Hira, Arab state, 331 sq. , 337, 339, 341,
347
Hisham, Caliph, work of, 361; alters system
of taxation, 363; policy in Gaul, 374 sq. ;
and the Berber revolt, 376 sq.
Hisham, son of ‘Abd-al-Malik, raid by, 412
Hisham I, Emir of Cordova, attacks the
Franks, 605
Hispania Citerior, 165
Hispania Ulterior, 165
Historia, of Isidore of Seville, cited, 169,
174
Historia Lausiaca, of Palladius, cited, 499
History of the Lombards, of Paul the
Deacon, cited, 249
Hitherius, Abbot of St Martin, Tours, 599;
chancellor under Charles the Great, 662
Hodna Mts, brought under imperial rule,
13; 22
Holland, Lincolnshire, 545
Holstein, 457
Holsworthy, 572
Holy Cross, the, taken to Persia, 290; 292;
restored to Jerusalem, 299; 300, 690
Holy Heath, the, 610
Holy Island. See Lindisfarne
Holy Land, the. See Palestine
Holy Roman Empire, the, 584
Holy Sepulchre, the, 615; keys of, brought
to Charles the Great, 620, 704
Homerites, the, 271
Honoratus, Archbishop of Milan, flees to
Genoa, 196
Honorius, Flavius, Emperor of the West,
104, 187
Honorius I, Pope, and the Monothelete con-
troversy,399 sq. ,690; death,400; 403 sq. ;
sends pall to Paulinus, 524; sends out
Birinus, 525
Honorius, Archbishop of
522 sqq. ; death, 528
Honorius and Theodosius, Constitution of,
cited, 176
Horberg (Alsace), inscription at, 474
Hörg, doubtful signification of, 492
Hormisdas, Pope, and Justinian, 5; 246
Horsham, 572
Horta, castle of, taken by Liutprand, 213
Housesteads, inscriptions at, 473, 475
Howgill, inscription at, 475
Hruodland. See Roland
Hubal, a god of the Arabs, 304
Hudaibiya, treaty of, 322 sqq.
Huddersfield, 523
Huesca, 606
Hugo, Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia, 128
Humber, River, 128, 535, 544
Hunain, battle of, 325 sq.
Hundred, hundred men (centenarius); Mero-
vingian, 137; English, 570,639; German,
681
Hungary, Lombards in, 195; Sarmatae
migrate to, 432; 434; becomes German,
435; 436, 437 note, 439 note, 442 sq.
Slovenes in, 445; 451, 453, 609, 685
Canterbury,
## p. 854 (#886) ############################################
854
Index
Huns, the, come under Roman influence,
7; serve in imperial army, 11; (Sabirian)
occupy the Caspian Gates, 28; threaten
Antioch, 29; settle on the Danube, 30;
ravage Roman provinces, 31, 36; 34 sq. ;
threaten Constantinople, 51; 428; de-
feated by Goths, 431; 435, 438; methods
of warfare, 439; 453, 608, 642
Huntingdonshire, 545
Hurr, leads the Arabs across the Pyrenees,
'373; in Gaul, 374
Husain, grandson of Mahomet, 333; candi-
date for the caliphate, 359; killed, ib.
Huveaune, the, 461
Hweetberct, Abbot of Wearmouth, 573
Hwicce, 519, 530; attacked by Fenda, 543,
545; bishopric for, 557; 564
Hydruntum, 205
Hymnut Acathistus, uncertain date of, 296
note
Hypatins, nephew of Anastasius, and the
Nika Riot, 8 sq. ; executed, 9
"Hypocrites," the, religious party in Medina,
321
Iabdas, Berber prince, subdued, 13
Ialonus, god, 474
Iaruman, Bishop of Mercia (Lichfield), sent
as missionary to Essex, 529
Iazygians, the, migrations of, 432
Ibadites, the, 357, 377
Ibar, Irish saint, 503
Ibas, Bishop of Edessa, writings said to be
heretical, 46, 689; partial condemnation
by Vigilius, 48
Ibbas, Ostrogothic general, retakes Septi-
mania, 114, 161
Iberia, 28; invaded by Persians, 29; 274;
sends recruits to imperial army, 275; re-
covered for the Empire, 297 and note;
ceded, 406
Iberian peninsula, ohs. vi and xn pattim;
conquered by Euric, 159; under regency
of Tbeodoric, 160 sq. ; Prankish invasion
of, 162 sq. ; army of Justinian in, 163;
ideal of Leovigild for, 165, 170; policy of
Recared in, 171; Jews in, 173 sq. , 181;
want of fusion of races in, 187 sqq. ; laws
in force in, 190; 384; 597
Iberians, the, come under Roman influence,
7, 34; go over to the Romans, 270;
support Heraclius, 294; 459
Iberica, 164
R>n al Arabi, probably governor of Bar-
celona and Gerona, asks help against
the Caliph of Cordova, 604; imprisoned,
t&.
Ibn Ishak, historian, and Mahomet's legal
code,' 314; cited, 323
Ibn 'Iyad, Arab historian, cited, 186
Ibn Khaldun, cited, 183
Ibn ath-Thimna, Arab leader, calls the
Normans into Sicily, 390
Ibrahim ibn Aghlab, Amir of Mzab, makes
himself independent, 378
Ibrahim II, Aghlabid prince, takes Syracuse,
383
Ibrahim ibn Ia'qub, cited, 420, 429, 444,
452, 455 sq.
Icaunis, 460
Iceland, Oriental coins found in, 428; early
literature of, 480; heathenism in, ch. xv
(c) passim; 548, 685
Idanha a Vella (Egitania, Igaeditania),
money coined by Roderick at, survives.
186
Idatius, Bishop of Chaves in Galicia, cited,
165, 192
Idle, River, Bernicians defeated at, 522,
543; 562
Idris, descendant of Ali, founds a kingdom,
378
Idrlsids, the, 378 sq. , 381
Ieithon (Iectona), goddess, 477
Iesdem, superintendent of provincial taxa-
tion, 298
Igaeditania. See Idanha a Vella
Iliad, the, cited, 427
Illyria, 248, 254, 276, 444
Illyricum, Justin a native of, 1; devastated
by Slavs, 31; 32; and the Three Chapters
controversy, 47, 689; barbarian invasions
of, 51; (West) under the exarch of Italy,
226; estates of the Church in, 242; 284;
plundered by Slavs, 296; loss of, 396;
407
Ilmen, Lake, 429
Ilsley, 572
Imams, the, 359
Incorrupticolae, the, and Justinian, 49
India, trade of Byzantium with, 41; Chris-
tianity reaches, 500; 634
Indians, the, 380
Indies, the, 42
Ine, King of Wessex, gains territory, 560;
supports the Church, 561; 562; abdicates,
563; code of, cited, 567 sq. , 570, 645
Ingelheim, fresco in memory of Pepin at
the palace of, 593; Meeting of the Empire
held at, 607 sq.
Ingundis, daughter of Sigebert and Brun-
hild, marries Hermenegild, 168, 259;
quarrels with Goisvintha, 168; aids con-
version of Hermenegild, 168, 259; death,
259
Ingvarr, father of Svyatoslav, 453
Ingviomer, Cheruscan chieftain, 639
Inis-patrick, island, St Patrick at, 506
In Laudem Juitini, of Corippus, 264
Innichen (Aguntum), fort at, 225
Institutes, the, of Gaius, 55, 58, 61
Institutes, the, of Justinian, 38, 61 sq. , 90
Institutions, Roman, ch. in; Merovingian,
oh. v; Carol ingian, ch. xxi. See Ad-
ministrative system, Military system,
etc.
Inverness, 511, 513 i
Inzino, inscription at, 475 I
Iomsburg, 456
Iomsvikinga-saga, the, cited, 456
## p. 855 (#887) ############################################
Indea:
855
Iona (Ioua, Hii), St Columba at, 512 sq. ,
526 sqq. ; 535, 545; opposition between
Bome and, 554
Ionic Sea, the, 438
“Iråk, the, (Babylonia), raid on, 336 sqq. ;
346; annexed by Muslims, 347 sq. ; 349;
the rival of Syria, 356; 357 sqq. ; rule of
Hajjāj in, 363
Irān, Arabs invade, 348
Iranians, the, oppose Arab invasion, 348;
443
Ireland, 470; Keltic heathenism in, ch. xv.
(B) passim; Keltic saints of, 499; Chris-
tianity introduced into, 502-508; Danish
invasions of, 508; 511 sq. , 524; character
of monasteries in, 526; and the time of
Easter, 528; 535; Northumbrian fleet
attacks, 559; 571, 633, 702
Irene, Empress, concedes the Pope's claim
over the Pontifical State, 233; 247; policy
towards the Roman Church, 601; pro-
motes the worship of images, 616; 618,
620; marriage with Charles the Great
proposed, 624; deposed, ib. ; 704 sq. ;
706 note
Irenicon, the, 345, 349
Irish, the, and Laurentius, 521
Irminstil, pillars, 492; one destroyed by
Charles the Great, ib. , 610
Isaac, Patriarch of Jerusalem,
proposes to capture, 287
Isauria, 39; raided by Arabs, 393, 398; 395;
Arabs invade, 412
Ischia, attacked by Arabs, 381; used as
naval base, 385
Isère, River, 198
Iserninus (Fith), missionary to Ireland, 504
Isidore, St, Bishop of Seville, cited, 159,
162 sq. , 168 sqq. , 173 sqq. , 189; president
of Fourth Council of Toledo, 175 sq. ;
179; 191; works of, 192 sq.
Isidore of Miletus, buildschurch of St Sophia,
40
Bonosus
Isidore of Pax Julia, cited, 182
Isis, temple of, at Philae, 44; 486
Islám, 231; chs. x, x1 and xII passim; term
explained, 309 note; and Judaism, 314;
supremacy of in Arabia, 321; debt to
paganism, 325; importance of the Pil-
grimage, 326; 328 sq. ; and the Arab migra-
tion, 329 sqq. ; and the Ridda, 335; in
Persia, 348 sq. , 364; economics and, 362;
checked in Europe, 374 sq. ; end of pre-
dominance in Italy, 387; and in Sicily,
389 sq. ; 687
Ispahān, taken by Arabs, 348
Israel, 469
Israelites, the, 463
Istakhr, taken by Arabs, 348
Istria, devastated by Lombards, 201, 250;
215; forms a ducatus, 228; left late under
Byzantine rule, 232; 234; treatise of
Gregory addressed to the bishops of, 239;
252; Church in schism in, 253, 689;
conferred by Pepin on the Pope, 588,
599; included in kingdom of Italy, 600;
held by Byzantines, 693
Italians, leave Italy, 17; 158, 261, 468,
579
Italicus, son of Arminius, 194
Italy, 5 sq. , 9 sqq. ; revolution in, 14;
successes of Belisarius in, 15; successes
of Totila in, 16 sq. ; restored to Roman
Empire, 18; system of government in,
20 sq. ; misery in, 23 sq. ; 28 sqq. , 44;
feeling towards Vigilius in, 48; 49, 52;
use of Theodosian code in, 57; code of
Theodoric for, 58; 65, 89, 95,109,119 sq. ,
125; threatened by Arabs, 129; invaded
by Lombards, 130, 580; Constantine's
“donation” of, rºr, 587; 141; death of
St Columbanus in, 148; 156, 158, 161;
imperial administration in, ch. VIII (A)
passim, 283; power of the Church in,
229 sqq. , 242,250; growing independence
of the cities of, 234 sq. ; 238,243; failing
authority of the Empire in, 244 sq. , 248;
249; 251, 256, 261; 263, 300, 375, 379,
382; the Saracensin, 383 sqq. ; Saracens
driven from, 387 sqq. ; 395, 401, 408,433,
436, 439, 442, 461, 482, 499 sqq. , 533,
549, 555; military authority supplants
the civil in, 577; Pope regarded as re-
presentative of the Emperor in, 578;
rivalry of Pope and Emperor in, 579, 585;
Lombard successes in, 583; given to the
Pope by Pepin, 588; state of, in the eighth
century, 597;Tson of Charles declared
king of, 600; Charles founds a lordship
over, 602 sqq. ; 610,615,620 sq. ; Bernard
made under-king of, 624, 659; 633, 643;
growth of papal power in, 686; 688,
692 sq. ; the Lombards and the Papacy
in, 695 sqq. ; 705 sq.
Ithamar, Bishop of Rochester, 527 sq.
Itzehoe, fortress built by Charles the Great,
614
Iulin (Iumin), 456
“Iyād ibn Ghanm, general, 344
Izala, Mt, 277 sq.
Jābiya, Muslim army at, 345
Jacob Baradaeus, made bishop of Edessa,
46; offends Justin II, 265
Jaen, 164
Ja‘far, first cousin of Mahomet, slain, 324
Ja‘far, rules in Sicily, 389
Jahveh, 463
Jakobos, Persian ambassador, 272
Jakutha, 344
Jalālā, skirmish at, 347; fortress taken by
Arabs, 367
James the Deacon, assists Paulinus, 523;
urges Roman use in Northumbria, 528
Janda, Lake, battle of, 185, 371
Jannābatain. See Ajnādain
Japanese, the, 493
Jaraicejo, 166 note
Jarrow, monastery of, 527; Bede at, 562,
574; foundation of, 573
## p. 856 (#888) ############################################
856
Indea:
Jeremiah, Archbishop of Sens, chancellor,
662
Jericho, 290
Jerte, River, 166
Jerome, St (Eusebius Hieronymus Sophro-
nius), Gregory the Great studies the
works of, 237; cited, 500, 504
Jerusalem, 241; feud of Blues and Greens
in, 285,287; taken by the Persians, 290,
294; 292; the Cross restored to, 299; and
Mahomet's disciples, 309, 314; and the
Arab raid, 341, 343; taken, 345, 399;
Mu‘āwiya proclaimed at, 358; Omar
mosque at, 363; represented at Sixth
General Council, 404; British pilgrims
at, 499; 615; embassy to Charles the
Great from, 620, 704; Charles the Great
said to have visited, 626
Jerusalem, Patriarchs of.
Sophronius, Zacharias
Jesi, taken by Desiderius, 219
Jews, the, persecuted, 44; 72; suits brought
by, 100 sq. ; disabilities of, 108; growing
importance of, 156; persecution of, in
Spain, 173 sq. ; Fourth Council of Toledo
passes canons concerning, 175 sq. ; Sixth
Council renews persecution of, 176;
Eighth Council confirms persecution of,
177; laws of Erwig against, 179; con-
spiracy of, 181; severe penalties, ib. ;
assist invading Arabs, 185, 187, 372; 190:
Gregory the Great and, 257; resist
imperial troops in Antioch, 286; help the
Persians to gain Jerusalem, 290; banished
by Chosroes, ib. ; 305; and Mahomet,
306 note, 307, 309; form a colony at
Medina, 312; 314 and note, 315; perse-
cuted by Mahomet, 318 sq. ; in the siege
of Medina, 320; vanquished at Khaibar,
323; Mahomet exacts tribute from, 326;
and Heraclius, 345; 641, 691
Jillin (Jillik), Roman army at, 343
Job, Book of, Gregory the Great writes a
commentary on, 238 sq.
Joceline, Bishop of Glasgow, 510, 512
Joceline, monk of Furness, Life of St Kenti-
gern by, 510, 512
Johannes, patricius, 370
John I, Pope, sent on an embassy to Con-
stantinople, 6; imprisonment, ib. ; death,
See Elias, Isaac,
tu.
John III, Pope, election of, 48
John IV, Pope, denounces the Ekthesis,
400
John W, Pope, and Justinian II, 407 and
note
John VI, Pope, and Wilfrid, 562
John VII, Pope, and the Acts of the Trullan
Council, 412
John VIII, Pope, pays tribute to Saracens,
387
John X, Pope, disperses Saracens, 387
John II, Patriarch of Constantinople, and
the union with the Western Church, 5,
246
John III, Scholasticus, Patriarch of Cº
stantinople, and Justin II, 265,273
John IV, the Faster, Patriarch of Constant
nople, and Gregory the Great, 238 sq.
247, 283; death, 247
John W. , Patriarch of Constantinople
403 sq.
John VI, Patriarch of Constantinople, ap-
pointed, 414; makes advances to Rome.
415
John, Bishop of Ephesus (or Asia), seeds
missions to Monophysites, 44; cited. 43.
265, 270 sq. , 276
John of Biclar, Bishop of Gerona, cited,155.
168 sq. , 172, 259; banished, 169; 193
267 note
John, Bishop of Ravenna, and Gregory the
Great, 240
John of Beverley, St, Bishop of York, edu-
cated at Canterbury, 573
John, King of Bohemia, 450
John the Deacon, cited, 236, 238,243, 261
John, arch-chanter at St Peter's, 524
John, son of Timostratus, loses Dara, 272
John, bastard son of Bonus, 292
John (Athalarich), bastardson of Heraclius,
292
John, logothete, commands the fleet, 415:
killed, ib.
John, patrician, and the Monophysites, 255;
negotiates with Persia, 274
John, patrician, commands imperial feet.
410
John, praefect, sent to Cherson, 413; killed.
ib.
John, silentiarius, envoy of the Emperor.
582 sqq.
John of Cappadocia, minister of Justinian,
3; character, 8; and the Nika Riot, 8 sq. ;
and the African war, 12; and Theodors.
26; extortions of, 42; 50
John of Damascus, cited, 691
John of Fordun, Chronicle of, 509
John Mystakon, commander-in-chief of
eastern armies, 277; and Persian rebels,
280
John of Nikiou, cited, 264, 287
John Struthus, spatharius, kills the son of
Justinian II, 414
Jonas of Bobbio, cited, 490
Jordan, River, 340 sqq.
loses territory to Persia, 289 sqq. ; re-
covers Asia Minor, 293; services of
Heraclius to, 297, 300 sq. ; and the Arab
states, 331, 340 sq. ; and the capture of
Sicily, 382; and the Saracens in Italy,
386 sqq. ; attempts to recover Sicily, 389;
435; and the Avar raids, 439; 453, 493,
555; and the authority of the Pope,
577 sqq. , 597, 617 sq. ; and the corona-
tion of Charles the Great, 622 sqq. , 706
note; 689
## p. 846 (#878) ############################################
846
Indear
Empire, West Roman, Western, the, 597,
618
Empire, Roman, the, revered by barbarians,
9 sq. ; place of Africa in, 14; Italy in-
cluded in, 18; aims of Justinian for,
20 sq. , 27; 34; policy towards barbarians,
35 sq. ; laws of, ch. III passim ; and the
Visigoths, 109; 190 sq. , 195; and the
Lombards in Italy, 198 sqq. , 244 sq. ,
250 ; policy of Lombard kings towards,
211 sqq. ; 226, 242; extension under
Justinian, 263; 282; 426, 504, 520;
land taxes in, 550; 554; and the Pope,
577 sqq. , 618, 622, 628; bucellarii in,
641; 660, 664, 684; remains the ideal in
later times, 687; 705
Empire, of Charles the Great, ch. xix;
erection of, 615 sqq. , 623, 705 sq. ;
division of, 624; sanctity of,615 sq. , 628,
658
Ems, River, boundary of diocese of Worms,
613
Endoe, sub-king, 507
Engers, the, Saxon sub-tribe, conquered,
610; 611
England, 53, 158, 206; beginnings of a
national church in, 255 sq. , 697; 404,
419,433; descent of royal family from
Wodan, 482; 485 sq. , 488 sq. , 491, 496,
499, 504 sq. , 511, 513; foundation of the
Christian Church in, 516 sqq. ; beginnings
of monasticism in, 525 sq. ; check to
monasticism in, 531; success of missions
in, 534; 535; sends helpers to Boniface,
538; connection of Boniface with, 541sq. ;
544 sq. ; Christian clergy work for the
unity of, 549; hidage system in, 550;
dominance of Northumbria in, 552;
organisation of the Church in, 556; end
of paganism in, 560; unification of, 564;
social organisation in, 565 sqq. ; political
organisation in, 569 sqq. ; village com-
munities in, 572; growth of learning in,
573 sq. ; pilgrims to Rome from, 583;
early institutions in, 638 sq. ,643,646 sqq. ,
652, 654; 698
English (Angles), the, Gregory's plan to
evangelise, 237,254; Augustine's mission
to, 254 sqq. ; conversion of, ch. xv. 1 (b)
(1) passim, 545 sqq. ; changes introduced
with Christianity among, 547 sqq. ;
sources of information about, 565; social
organisation of 566 sqq. ; political or-
ganisation of, 569 sqq. ; various types of
village among, 572; spread of learning
among, 573 sq. , 634; 702
English Channel, the, Augustine crosses,
124; Charles the Great examines de-
fences on shores of, 704
English Church, the, 496, 499; foundation
of, 515–519; early regulations in, 517 sqq. ;
check to monasticism in, 531; importance
of Synod of Whitby to, 554 sq. ; work of
Theodore of Tarsus for, 555 sqq. , 697;
and the Monothelete question, 557;
endowments in, 558; privileges of the
clergy increased, 561; synod of Cloveshc
and discipline in, 563
Enns, River, boundary of Frankish king
dom, 608
Eomer, attempts to murder Edwin, 522
Eorpwald, King of East Anglia, embraces
Christianity, 524; assassinated, ib. , 544
Epagne, Council of, condemns Arian heresy,
117
Ephesus, Bishops of. See John, Theo-
dosius
Ephorus, historian, cited, 432
Ephthalites, the, overcome by Turks, 268,
271
Epidaurus, fugitives from, found Bagusa
296
Épinay, Dagobert dies at, 125
Epiphania, Maslama winters at, 417
Epiphanius, Patriarch of Constantinople,
crowns Justinian and Theodora, 7;
death, 45
Epirus, ravaged by Goths, 17; castella in,
33; plundered by Slavs, 296
Epona, goddess of horses, 466, 476
Ercanbald, and the chancery, 662
Erconberht, King of Kent, 525; death, 529
Eresburg, the, taken by Charles the
Great, 610; centre of Frankish power,
611 sq.
Erfurt, diocese founded, 538; represented
at church council, 540
Erik, Swedish king, legend of, 487
Erin, 477
Erlangen, 452
Ermanarich, King of the Goths, said to
have overcome the Slavs, 430
Erwig, King of the Visigoths, conspires
against Wamba, 179; made king, 179 sq. ;
legislation of, ib. ; issues revised edition
of the Liber Judicum, 180 and note;
death, ib. , 190
Erzeroum, 33
Erzgebirge, 449, 453
Esla, River, 166
Essex, triumph of heathenism in, 522;
Cedd consecrated bishop for, 529, 546;
547, 551; suppression of heathen temples
in, 553; absorbed in Mercia, 564; 566,
569; scattered character of villages in.
572; 639
Estinnes, general council of Frankish
church at, 146, 540
Estrella, the, 186
Estremadura, 166
Esus, a god of the Kelts, 463 sq. , 473
Ethiopia, and Justinian, 269
Etival, monastery of, 148
Etna, 383
Eton, 572
Etsch, River. See Adige
Euchaita, plundered by Arabs, 393
Eudocia (Fabia), daughter of Rogatus of
Africa, marries Heraclius, 288; children
of, 289; death, ib.
## p. 847 (#879) ############################################
Indea:
Eugenius, Pope, consecrated, 402; and the
Patriarch Peter, ib. ; 403
Eulogius, Patriarch of Alexandria, 255
Euphemius, Sicilian rebel, seeks help of the
Saracens, 381; murdered, ib.
Euphrates, River, 32; Justinian's forts on,
33; 35; flight of Chosroes across, 274;
Persian troops cross, 288; and remove
boat-bridge, 294; the Lakhm settled on,
303; campaign of Khālid on, 337 sqq. ;
Persians cross, 346; 397, 428
Euric, King of the Visigoths, 109 sq. , 113,
188; conquers Iberian peninsula, 159;
160; drives back the Sueves, 165; 173,
187
Europe, 32,42; Roman Law in, 53; 131;
156, 238,247, 256,263; war of Lombards
and Gepids in, 268; 275, 280, 291 sq. ,
295, 327, 329 sq. , 354; the Saracens in,
ch. xII passim; the Berbers in, 366;
spread of Isläm in, checked, 374 sq. ;
390, 412, 414, 420, 428 sq. , 432, 434;
movements of the Avars in, 436; 442,
451, 456, 458, 471, 485, 527, 571, 593,
634, 645, 648; feudalisation general in,
654, 686 sq. , 700, 703 sq.
Eusebius, Bishop of Paris, 156
Euspicius, Bishop of Werdun-sur-Meuse, and
Clovis, 111
Eustasius, Abbot of Luxeuil, converts the
Warasci, 148
Eutharic, son-in-law of Theodoric, becomes
Consul, 6
Eutropius, Maurice and his family killed at,
282
Eutyches, archimandrite, punishment of
followers of, 108; 688
Eutychius, Patriarch of Constantinople, his
controversy with Gregory, 238
Eutychius, exarch, and Liutprand, 212;
and the surrender of Ravenna, 215
Euxine. See Black Sea
Evagrius, cited, 51, 267 note
Evora (Aebura Carpetana), insurrection in,
167
Exarchate of Ravenna, the, 233, 577; end
of, 578, 580, 690 sq. ; Aistulf asked to
restore, 583 sq. ; given by Pepin to the
Pope, 588, 590, 598 sq. ; the Emperor
claims, 590; 597, 603; weakness of rule
in, 693; extent of, ib. , 694; 695, 699 sq. ;
Desiderius ravages, 701; Archbishop of
Ravenna attempts to appropriate, 702
Exe, River, 561
Exeter, Winfrid educated at, 536; 561
Ezra, Armenian Catholicus, agrees to
religious union, 398
Fadāla, general, conquers Chalcedon, 354,
397
Faenza, victory of Totila at, 16; ceded by
Desiderius, 217, 591; reoccupied, 219
Fagana, 633
Faran, Bishop of. See Theodore
Faremoutier-en-Brie, abbey of, 148, 525
847
Faroe Islands, 487
Fars, province, conquered by the Saracens,
348
Fastidius, British bishop, 499 sq.
Fatalis, widow, and the bishop Fastidius,
499
Fātima, daughter of Mahomet, 333, 379
Fātimites, the, origin of, 379; 387; rule in
Sicily, 388
Faustus, Bishop of Riez, 499 sq.
Fazāra, the, Bedouin tribe, 319
“Feld,” in Hungary, Lombards in, 195
Felix IV, Pope, 236
Felix, Bishop of Dunwich, converts East
Anglia, 524, 546; 556
Felix, Bishop of Nantes, straightens course
of the Loire, 144
Felix, Bishop of Urgel, condemned, 616
Felpham, 572
Ferghana, 432
Fergus Glutt, King of Cobha, 508
Ferrara, taken by Lombards, 215; ceded
by Desiderius, 217, 591; reoccupied, 219;
ducatus of, formed, 228; 693
Feudalism, tendencies towards, in England,
571; origins of, ch. xx passim ; in Gaul,
151 sqq. , 154
Fezzan (Zawila), the Saracens reach, 366
Fichtelgebirge, 452
Fife, county, 512
Fifehead Neville, early Christian relics
found at, 501
Fihl, Byzantine army at, 342
Fihr, tribe, 377
Finan, Bishop of Lindisfarne, work of, 528;
baptises Sigebert II, 529; 531, 554
Finchley, 572
Finns, the, 432
Fith. See Iserninus
Fittleworth, 572
Flaminian Way, the, Lombards on, 198,
244; 228
Flanders, St Amandus preaches in, 125
Florinda (La Cava), legend of, 183 sq.
Fochlad, 507
Fontaines, monastery of, founded by St
Columbanus, 147
Forfar, 559
Forfarshire, 512
Forinum, Constans II defeated at, 394
Forli, taken by Grimoald, 205
Forth, Firth of, 509 sqq.
Forth, River, Oswy rules beyond, 552; 559
Fortress of the Slavs, the, taken by Mas-
lama, 417
Fortunatus, Wenantius, poet, and the
marriage of Brunhild, 120; career, 156;
literary work, ib. ; cited, 158, 164, 259
Forum Judicum (Liber Judiciorum), cited,
174; compilation of, 178; revised edition
issued, 180 and note, 181 sq. note, 189;
remained in force many centuries, 190
Forum Julii. See Cividale and Friuli
Fosite, Frisian god, 485
Fraechan, son of Temnan, 507 sq.
## p. 848 (#880) ############################################
848
Indea:
Fragmentum Fantuzzianum, 585 note, 588
note
Frampton, early Christian relics found at,
501
France, use of Theodosian Code im, 57; 58,
115; Septimania incorporated with, 118;
119 ; end of Merovingian dynasty in,
131; rule of St Benedict introduced into,
148; 192, 373, 383, 433 sq. , 515, 625,
638, 643, 646
Francia, Pepin's rule in, ch. xviii passim ;
under Charles the Great, ch. xix passim ;
Saxon hostages transported to, 613;
(West) coronation ceremonial developed
in, 660
Franconia, Kilian preaches in, 128; 678
Frankfort, Synod of, condemns Tassilo of
Bavaria, 607; condemns Adoptianists,
616
Franks, the, make alliance with the Empire,
15 sq. ; oppose imperialists in Italy, 18;
baptised with Clovis, 112; war with
Visigoths, 113 sqq. , 160 sq. ; at battle
of Wouglé, 114, 160; invade Burgundy,
117; annex suzerainty over Alemans,
118; 125, 128; elect Pepin king, 131;
134, 137 sq. ; religious fervour of, 145;
and the Papacy, 146; and Gallo-Romans,
150 sq. ; trade of, 155; 158 sq. ; and the
war in Spain, 163 sq. ; 168, 170; re-
pulsed by Recared, 171; assist Sisenand,
175; invade north of Spain, 185; hold
the passage of the West Alps, 198;
combine with imperialists against Lom-
bards, 200; procure release of Gundeberga,
202; shelter Perctarit, 205; 214; at war
with Aistulf, 216 sq. , 589 sq. ; intervene
between the Pope and Lombard kings,
217 sqq. , 243, 589 sq. ; growth in power,
220; local independence in the Church
of, 256, 259; 257 sq. , 354; and the
Spanish Umayyads, 381; and the Avars,
436, 439,444, 450, 453 sq. ,457,490; 515;
English bishops flee to, 522; Sigebert
flees to, 524; 525, 530, 532 sq. ; and
Frisian missions, 534, 535 sq. ; disregard
of church laws among, 539; 541; under
Pepin, ch. xv. 111 passim; under Charles
the Great, chs. xix and xx1 passim;
popular assemblies of, 640; 642; im-
portance of acceptance of Catholic Faith
by,655; theocratic nature of the state,656,
658, 672; 687; and the Papacy, 696 sqq.
Frau Holle, 485
Fredegar, chronicle of, described, 157;
cited, 128, 130, 174, 438, 451 and note,
452, 457
Fredegund, serving-woman, marries Chil-
peric, 120; governs Neustria, 123; death,
ib. ; 124; eulogised by Fortunatus, 156
Frederick II, Emperor, 388
Freising, diocese of, formed, 538; 634
Frey, god of fertility, 484 sqq. , 492 sq.
Freyja, goddess, 485 sq.
Friesland, heathen customsin, 490, 492,494
Frigg, worship of, 456, 486
Frisia, Christian missionaries in, 534 sq.
work and death of Boniface in, 541,581;
Wilfrid sails to, 557; 614
Frisians, the, defeated by Pepin, lif;
482 sq. , 488; missions to, 534 sqq. , 6. 12.
697; 581 : rise against the Franks, 512:
672 sq.
Frithomas ſº Archbishop ºf
Canterbury, 528; death, 529; 697
Fritzlar, foundation of Boniface at. 537;
538; destroyed by Saxons, 610
Friuli (Forum Julii), limes of, destroyed tº
Lombards, 196; 197; duke of, joins the
imperialists, 200; 201; Avars in, 295;
insurrection in, 206; 213; part of scheme
# *. 225; Avars defeated in, 503;
Friuli, Erich, Margrave of, takes the Avar
Ring, 609
— Gisulf, Duke of, killed by Avars.
203; 204
— Hrodgaud, Duke of, rises agains:
Charles the Great, 600; killed, ib.
— Lupus, Duke of, rebels against Grime-
oald, 205; killed in battle, ii.
— Pemmo, Duke of, quarrels with Patri.
arch of Aquileia, 213; dismissed by
Liutprand, ib.
— Ratchis, Duke of. See Ratchis, King
of the Lombards
— Wechthari, Duke of, made duke by
Grimoald, 205
Froja, Visigothic noble, leads insurrection
against Reces winth, 177; defeated, ib.
Frostathingslov, the, 632, 634
Frumar, King of the Sueves, 165
Fru Saelde, 487
Fueros in Visigothic Spain, 191
Fulda, abbey of, founded by Boniface, 537;
538; placed directly under the Pope.
541 and note, 581; burial of Bonifaces:,
ib. ; great property of, 647
Fulham, 572
Fullan (Faelan), bishop in East Anglia.
524
Fulrad, Abbot of St Denis, ambassador of
Pepin to Pope Zacharias, 131, 581; to
Pope Stephen, 216; rewarded by Pepin.
581; entertains Pope Stephen, 584; 587;
collects the keys of the surrendered cities,
590; present at the enthronement of
Desiderius, 591; made arch-chaplain.
662
Fursey, Christian missionary, founds a
monastery, 524
Füstät, Saracen capital in Egypt, 351 sq.
Gaëta, acquires independence, 234; and
the Saracen raids, 385
Gafes, victory of Hassàn at, 370
Gail, River, 203
Gaiseric, King of the Wandals, and the sack
of Rome, 4; 10
Gaius, jurist, Institutes of, 55, 58,61: 68
## p. 849 (#881) ############################################
Indea:
849
Galatia, 39; the Persians in, 285; 293,
395; raided by Arabs, 415
Galicia, partly under Visigothic rule, 159,
167; 168, 170 sq.
Gall, St. See Gallus
Gallese, castle of, taken by Transamund
of Spoleto, 213
Gallo-Germans, the, 462
Gallo-Romans, the, contemn the Arians,
110; 111; and Clovis, 115; 127, 132,
134, 137; continue under Roman Law,
138, 160, 178; in the armies, 141; under
Frank administration, 150; land law as
regards, 187
Galloway (Galwiethia), British settlement
in, 511; 512
Gallus (St Gall), founds monastery, 148
Gallus, deacon, 644
Galswintha, daughter of Athanagild,
marries Chilperic, 120, 164; murdered, ib.
Galway, county, 506
Gangra, Arabs at, 414
Ganzaca (Takhti-Soleiman), Persians de-
feated near, 280; taken by Heraclius,
293 sq. ; 298 sq.
Garibald, son of Grimoald, King of the
Lombards, driven from the throne, 206
Garigliano, River, Saracen camp on, 387
Garonne, River, 129, 374, 459
Gashak, Persian general, fails to defend
Partav, 297
Gasindi, Lombard nobles, 210 sq.
Gaul, Frankish kings in, 19; 58, 110;
effect of baptism of Clovis in, 1. 12; 113;
conquered by Clovis, 116; conquest com-
pleted by sons of Clovis, 117 sqq. ;
reunited under Chlotar II, 124; Pepin II
supreme in, 128; Arabs invade, 129,
373 sq. ; institutions of, under Mero-
vingian Franks, ch. v passim ; weakness
of papal authority in, 146; monasteries
in, 147 sq. ; change of language in, 150;
Visigothic kingdom in, 159 sqq. ; Spanish
Jews flee to, 174, 181; fusion of races in,
186, 191, 195; Lombard raids in, 198;
202; Pope Stephen goes to, 215 sq. ;
Lombard royal family taken to, 220;
estates of the Church in, 242; 252; helps
Augustine's mission to Britain, 254 sq. ;
the Church in, 256 sqq. ; Arabs driven
from, 375; Keltic heathenism in, ch. xv
(A) passim ; 472 sqq. , 477, 496, 499 sq. ,
502, 506; relation of the Church to that
of England, 518, 524; 549, 581 sq. , 587,
592, 597, 604; early institutions in,
640 sq. , 647 sq. , 665, 677, 696, 698, 702
Gauls, the, 17; 256, 259; religion of,
ch. xv (A) passim ; 540
Gaza, 340 sq.
Gazelon, 412; taken by Arabs, 414
Geila, brother of Swinthila, takes part in
the government, 175
Geirstad, worship of Olaf at, 487
Gº". Boniface fells sacred oak at, 537,
97
C. MED. H. Vol. II.
Gelimer, King of the Wandals in Africa,
made king, 10; inefficiency, 12, 15;
defeat, 13
Geneva, 109; Charles the Great holds an
assembly at, 598
Geneviève, St, defends Paris, 111; 156
Gennadius, presbyter of Marseilles, cited,
499
Gennadius, exarch, and the Church, 252 sq.
Gennadius, patrician, persecutes Numidian
bishop, 253
Gennesareth, Sea of, 342
Genoa, Archbishop of Milan takes refuge
at, 196; holds out against the Lombards,
244; plundered by Saracens, 388
Geoffrey of Monmouth, 497
Geographer of Ravenna, the, cited, 475
George, St, Slav worship of, 425
George, Patriarch of Alexandria, death,
399
George, Patriarch of Antioch, at Trullan
Council, 408
George, Patriarch of Constantinople, 404;
at the Sixth General Council, 405; de-
prived, 407
George, logothete, sent to Cherson, 413;
killed, ib.
George Arsas, Monophysite, 398
George Buraphus, Count of Obsequium,
conspires against Philippicus,415; blinded
and banished, ib.
Georgia, 28
Gepids (Gepidae), in the imperial army, 11;
and the Lombards, 19; settled west of
Danube, 30, 35; 34; defeated by Lom-
bards, 195, 268, 436; besiege Constanti-
nople, 295
Geraint, King of Devon,
Taunton, 560; 573
Gerberga, widow of Carloman, takes refuge
with Desiderius the Lombard, 219, 596,
701; given up with her sons to Charles,
599
Germanicea, 393; Arabs abandon,
407, 416
Germans, the, (Germani), 127 sq. ; influence
of, on Gaulish institutions, 132; as
slave-holders, 149; 194; original home
of, 418; connection of, with the Slavs,
ch. xIV passim ; 459; heathen deities of,
460 sq. , 475, 483; 490 sq. , 509, 562, 566,
609, 641, 646, 653, 667
Germanus, St, Bishop of Auxerre, visits
sepulchre of St Alban, 497; combats
Pelagianism in Britain, 500; consecrates
Patrick, 506
Germanus, Patriarch of Constantinople,
mutilated, 395; as bishop of Cyzicus is a
Monothelete, 414; becomes patriarch and
Dithelete, 415; arrested, 416; acts as
envoy of Theodosius to Leo, 417
Germanus, Bishop of Cyzicus. See Ger-
manus, Patriarch of Constantinople
Germanus, Bishop of Damascus, accom-
panies Priscus to the camp, 278
54
driven from
406;
## p. 850 (#882) ############################################
850
Indea:
Germanus, patrician, nephew of Justinian,
holds command in army, 11; subdues
revolt in Africa, 13; death, 17; holds
double authority in Africa, 20 sq. ; sent
against Persians, 29; 267
Germanus, general, 277 note; proclaimed
emperor by the soldiers, 278; invades
Persia, 279; tries to obtain the support
of the Greens, 282; plots against Phocas,
284; made a priest, ib. ; 285 sq.
Germany, paganism in, 19; 119, 125;
Charles Martel in, 129; 141; Lombards
in, 194; 434, 453; nature worship in,
459 sqq. ; 485 sqq. ; the coming of
Christianity to, 532–542, 698; 581, 605,
625; foundations of society in, ch. xx
passim ; 685, 697; Boniface primate of,
698
Gerona, 179, 592, 604; under Frankish
rule, 605; taken by Arabs, ib. ; retaken,
606
Gerona, Bishop of. See John of Biclar
Gertrude, daughter of Pepin of Landen,
founds abbey of Nivelle, 126
Getae, the, worship of ancestors among, 488
Getingas, the, 634
Gewilip, Bishop of Mainz, deposed, 540
Ghadames, 367
Ghassān, the, subject to the Empire, 303,
331 sq. , 339
Ghassanids, the, 340, 358
Ghatafān, the, tribe of Central Arabia, 334;
defeated, 336
Ghent, St Amandus at, 534
Ghilan, Shaweh Shah defeated in mountains
of, 279
Gibalbin, 164
Gibbon, Edward, cited, 53, 300
Gibraltar, 173; origin of name, 371
Gibraltar, Strait of, 109; arrangements for
defence of, 224; 376, 380
Gildas, cited, 496 sq. , 499 sq.
Gilling, Oswin slain at, 527
Giraldus Cambrensis, cited, 524
Girgenti, 390
Gironde, River, 119
Gisa, daughter of Grimoald, offered as
hostage, 205, 394
Gisalic, bastard son of Alaric II, proclaimed
king, 114, 161; defeated, 161 ; killed, ib.
Gisela, sister of Charles the Great, marriage
of, 595
Gisulf, 197
Gisulfings, the, 196
Glasgow, 512
Glasgow, Bishops of. See Herbert, Joceline
Glastonbury, 561
Glomachi, Sorb clan, social classes among,
450; 454 note
Gloucester, 474
Gloucestershire, early Christian relics in,
501; 545
Gobban, priest, 524
Godeoch, King of the Lombards, occupies
Rugiland, 194 sq.
Godepert, Lombard king, quarrels withº
brother, 204; slain, 205; 210 sq.
Godigisel, Burgundian , rules sº
Geneva, 109; 111; treats with Cº.
112; slain, ib.
Godomar, King of Burgundy, 117
Göttrik, King of Denmark, opposes Chara
the Great, 614; assassinated, #5.
Gofannon (Gobannon's), god, 477
Goibniu, 477
Goisvintha, widow of Athanagild, marris
Leovigild, 168; quarrels with Inguzis.
ib. ; conspires against Recared, 172
Golden Horn, the, 291 sq. , 295
Gomera, 183
Goodmanham, temple at, destroyed,535
Gordia, sister of Maurice, marries
picus, 277 note
Gordianus, father of Gregory the Gree.
236
Gorgenes, Iberian king, goes over to the
Romans, 270
Gorman, Martyrology of, cited, 505
Gortyna, Bishop of. See Basil
Gothia, assigned to Carloman, 595
Goths, 11 ; in Italy, 12; retake Milan. 15:
offer kingship to Belisarius, 16; regar
independence, ib. ; defeated by Nars.
17; last resistance of, 18; 23,29,154. 17i.
197, 259, 263; migration of 419; and
the Slavs, 428,430 sq. ; 435,485, 532 sº-
643. See also Ostrogoths, Visigoths
Gotland, island, 488, 490
Grado (New Aquileia), Patriarch of Agrº-
leia flees to, 196; made a bishoprie. **
Granada, 167
Grannos, god, 474
Grasulf, made Duke of Friuli, 203
Great Britain. See Britain
Great Broughton, inscription at, 475
Great St Bernard, Mt, route of contings:
of Franks, 220, 598
Greece (Hellas), Huns ravage, 31; fºr:-
resses built in, 33; Slav forays in, 295;
grain exported to, 428; limit of Ara:
power, 438; 440, 459, 461, 633, 635
Greeks, 108,464, 466 sq. See also Byzan-
tines
Greenland, Oriental coins found in, 42s
Greens, the, faction, struggle with the
Blues, 1, 51; support Anastasius, 7 sq. ;
and the Nika Riot, 8 sq. ; and the E-
peror Maurice, 281 sq. ; in Antioch.
Jerusalem and Alexandria, 285, is".
turn against Phocas, 286, 288; conspire
against Philippicus, 415
Greetland, inscription at, 476
Gregorius, nephew of Liutprand, in charge
of Benevento, 212; death, 213
Gregorius, compiler of the Coder Gregºn-
anus, 54,
Gregory I, the Great, Pope, ch. viii is
passim ; and Brunhild, 124, 146; and
Augustine's mission, 124, 128, 254sq.
515 sq. , 697; Dialogues of, cited, 170s-
## p. 851 (#883) ############################################
Indea:
851
259; mediates between Recared and the
Emperor Maurice, 172; and the Lom-
bards, 201, 694; and Theodelinda, 202;
223; early life, 235; education, 236;
praefect of Rome, ib. ; papal apocrisiarius
at Constantinople, ib. ; controversy with
Eutychius, ib. ; Moralia of, ib. ; returns
to Rome, 239; ends Three Chapters
controversy, ib. ; made pope, 240;
Regulae Pastoralis Liber of, ib. ; letters
of, 241; administration of estates of the
Church, 242 sq. ; policy towards the
Lombards, 243 sq. ; dispute with the
Emperor Maurice, 245 sq. , 283; con-
troversy with John the Faster, 247, 283;
and relations of Church and State, 248;
and the revolution at Constantinople,
250 sq. , 284; historical position, 251;
and the Church in Africa, 252 sq. ; and
the Church in Istria, 253; and the Church
in Gaul, 256 sqq. ; enforces discipline,
257 sq. ; and Catholicism in Spain, 259;
and the Visigoths, 260; and Leander of
Seville, ib. ; death, ib. ; character and
influence, 261 sq. ; and heathen sacrifices,
489; correspondence with Augustine,
517 sq. ; 524; 542, 576; and the medieval
Papacy, 685; 686, 693; 698
Gregory II, Pope, and Boniface, 130, 536,
698; and Liutprand, 212, 695; resists
Leo the Isaurian, 231, 578, 691, 695;
death, 538, 695; 694; plot to murder,
695; 700
Gregory III, Pope, and Charles Martel,
130, 580, 695; and Transamund of
Spoleto, 213, 695; and Boniface, 538;
539, 578, 698; and the Lombards, 579;
694; death, 699
Gregory VII, Pope, letters of, cited, 540
Gregory, Bishop of Antioch, influences the
troops, 279
Gregory, Bishop of Tours, cited, 109,115sqq. ,
142, 145 sq. , 159, 162, 164, 167 sq. ,
170 sq. , 240, 257, 259, 271, 641; and
Chilperic, 122; and Leudastes, 137; 147;
characteristics of his history, 156 sq.
Gregory, archimandrite, encourages revolt
of Leontius, 409
Gregory, general, aids Maurice, 287
Gregory, nephew of Heraclius, hostage, 393
Gregory, patricius of Carthage, defeated,
367; and the Monothelete controversy,
400; 401 sq.
Gréoulx, 460
Grifo, son of Charles Martel, rebels against
Carloman and Pepin, 539, 587; death,
587
Grim, Scandinavian hero, 487
Grimo, Bishop of Rouen, 540
Grimo, Abbot of Corbie, brings papal gifts
to Charles Martel, 130
Grimoald, King of the Lombards, early
difficulties in Friuli, 203; made duke of
Benevento, 204; seizes supreme power,
ib. ; made king of the Lombards, 205;
wars of, ib. ; consolidates realm, ib. ;
death, 206; 211, 228; goes to the help of
Romuald, 394; 443
Grimoald, son of Pepin II, marries Theut-
sind, 535
Grimoald, son of Pepin of Landen, attempts
to seize the kingdom, 126, 575
Grimoald of Benevento, marries Perctarit's
daughter, 206
Guadalete, River, 185
Guadalquivir, River, 164, 169
Guadibeca, River. See Barbate
Guarrazar, Gothic relics found at, 193
Gubbio, taken by Desiderius, 219
Guiana, 53
Gundeberga, sister of Adaloald, imprisoned,
; marries Rothari, Duke of Brescia,
203
Gundemar, Visigothic noble, made king,
173; Council of Toledo summoned by, 188
Gundoald, son of Duke of Bavaria, made
Duke of Asti, 200; his son becomes king
of the Lombards, 204
Gundobad, King of Burgundy, issues code
of laws, 57; rules at Vienne, 109; 111;
slays Godigisel, 1. 12; aids Clovis, 113 sq. ;
117
Gundobald, bastard son of Chlotar I, revolt
of, 122
Guntharic, heads revolt in Africa, 13
Guntram, King of Orleans and Burgundy,
son of Chlotar I, 120; supports Childe-
bert II, 122; death, 123; 133; founds
monastery of St Marcel, 147; 156;
invades Septimania, 171 sq. ; 198; 641
Guntram-Boso, Austrasian noble, attacks
Brunhild, 122
Gustavus Wasa, King of Sweden, 491
Guth-ard, idol, 478
Gwynedd (North Wales), 543
Gyrwe, the, 545, 552
Habib ibn Maslama, invades Armenia, 353,
393, 396
Haddon House, inscription at, 473
Hadramaut, 336
Hadrian, Emperor, 54, 61, 93
Hadrian I, Pope, supports Charles the Great
against the Lombards, 219; makes terms
with the Empire, 233; separates Mercia
from Canterbury, 565; and the Donation
of Constantine, 586; policy of, 598;
Charles the Great confirms in possession
of estates, 599, 702; anoints Pepin,
600; 601; his relations with Charles,
602 sqq. , 703; and the Duke of Bavaria,
606; and the Saxon war, 612; and
the question of images, 616 sq. ;
death, 619; 694; accession, 696, 701;
character, 701, 703; nepotism of, 703;
704 sq.
Hadrian, Abbot of SS. Peter and Paul,
Canterbury, educational work of, 573;
suggests Theodore for the archbishopric,
697
54–2
## p. 852 (#884) ############################################
852
Index
Hadrianople, Slave threaten, 36; Avars at,
296
Hadrianopolis in Bithynia, Sapor at, 397
Hadrumetum, 224
Haemus, Mt, 405
Haidra, a fortress of Justinian, 22
Hainault, St Amandus preaches in, 125;
146
Hajj, a yearly festival, 304
Hajjaj, adherent of 'Abd-al-Malik, kills
Mus'ab, 361; modifies fiscal system, 362;
roles in 'Irak, 363
Hakon, King of Norway, story of, in Norse
saga, 635
Halfdan the Black, Scandinavian king, 487
Halle, fortress built at, 614
Halifred the Unlucky Poet, 486
Halys, Biver, 295
Hamadhan, taken by Arabs, 348
Hammadids, the, 379
Hampshire, 553, 573
Hamza, uncle of Mahomet, killed, 318
Hanifs, the, possibly influence Mahomet,
306
Hanzala ibn Safwan, defeats the Berbers,
377; driven from Africa, to.
Hanzit, province, Maurice raises recruits in,
275
Harald, King of Norway, sends his son to
Aethelstan, 635
Harcourt, origin of name, 152
Hardascir, Bishop of. See Maris
Hardenhuish, 572
Hardriding, inscription at, 475
Harith the Ghassanid, pbylarchus, 35
Harold Fairhair, King of Norway, 483, 490
Harpole, early Christian relics found at,
501
Harra, Biver, battle on, 360
Harthacnut, King of England, 643
Harura, 357
Harurites (Kharijites), 357
Hasan, grandson of Mahomet, 333; makes
terms with Mu'awiya, 358; abdicates,
396
Hasan ibn Ali, ruler of Sicily, 388
Hase, Biver, Franks victorious on, 612
Hassan ibn an-Nu'man, takes Carthage,
'369; successful policy of, 370 sq. ; 380
Hastings, battle of, 643
Hatfield, synod held at, 404; 572
Havel, Biver, 155
Hawazin, Bedouin tribes, defeated, 325;
adopt Islam, 326
Headde, Bishop of Winchester, and Ine,
561
Heathfield, near Doncaster, Edwin defeated
and slain at, 525, 544; 545 sq. ; church
synod held at, 557
Heavenfield, victory of Oswald at, 525, 545
Hebdomon, palace, death of Tiberius II in,
277; Phocas crowned at, 282; raided by
the Avars, 291
Hebrews, in Spain, intolerable position of,
177; conspiracy of, 181
Hecanas (Magesaete), the, 553, 557
Heddemheim, inscription at, 475
Hedgerley, 572
Hegira. the, term explained, 313 and note
Heiligenloh, Heiligenforst, significance of,
as place-names, 491 sq.
Hel, as mentioned in the Edda poems,
493 sq.
Heienopontus, 396
Helga, mother of Svyatoslav, 453
Heliopolis, battle of, 350
Hellas. See Greece
Hellenes, name for pagans, 43 sq.
Hellenism, overpowers Slav influence in
Greece, 297; and Islam, 330
Hellespont, province, 39; metropolitan of
Cyprus recognised as metropolitan of,
407
Hellespont. See Dardanelles
Helmechis, foster-brother of Alboin, con-
spires with Bosamund, 196; death, ib.
Helmold, cited, 456
Helvetii, the, 460
Hemming, King of Denmark, makes peace
with Charles the Great, 614
Hendrica, 553
Henotikon, the, 398, 688
Henry H, Emperor, and Bolealav Khrobry,
455
Her, 298
Heraclea, Heraclius touches at, 288; meet-
ing of Heraclius and the Khagan of the
Avars to take place at, 291
Heraclea (Cybistra), Arabs take, 415
Heraclea Pontica, taken by Arabs, 412
Heraclius, Eastern Emperor, and Dagobert,
125; 140; and Sisebut, 173 sq. ; 227,
ch. rx passim, 284; plots against Phocas,
287; crowned emperor, 288; marries
Eudocia, »6. ; children, 289; marries
Martina, ib. ; supersedes Priscus, ib. ;
negotiates with Sahin, 290; financial
difficulties, 291; and the Avar treachery,
ib. ; attacks Persia, 293; successes,
294 sq. ; makes alliance with the Chazaxs,
297; invades Persia, 298; makes peace,
299; restores the Holy Cross to Jerusalem,
ib. ; aims, 300; character, ib. ; and
Mahomet, 322; 340; and the war in
Syria, 341 sqq. ; fiscal difficulties, 340',
345, 349; 346; and Cyrus of Alexandria,
349 sq. ; death, 350; dispositions by will,
391, 405; military organisation under,
395 sq. ; and religious disunion, 398 sq. ;
signs the Ekthetis, 400; 401; 689 sq.
Heraclius, father of the emperor, at the
battle of Solochon, 277; in Armenia, 278;
victory of, 279; plans overthrow of Phocas,
287
Heraclius, son of the emperor, 391; and
his nephew's accession, 392
Heraclius, son of Constans H, crowned,
394; the troops support, 405; mutilated,
ib.
Heraclius, son of Constantine IV, 406
## p. 853 (#885) ############################################
Indea:
853
Heraclius, brother of Tiberius, military
successes of, 410, 412; put to death, 411
Herbert, Bishop of Glasgow, 510, 512
Herbord, cited, 438
Hercules, 464, 482
Herd sands, the, inscription at, 473
Herecura (Juno Regina), 462
Hereford, 544; bishop's see at, 557
Herefordshire, 543 sq. , 553
Hermenegild, son of Leovigild, given part
of Visigothic kingdom, 166; marriage,
168, 259; conversion, ib. ; usurpation,
ib. ; successes, 169; subdued, 170, 259;
killed, ib. ; 171,260
Hermogenianus, compiler of the Coder
Hermogenianus, 56
Hermunduri, the, 484
Herod, 122
Herodotus, 157; cited, 427 sq.
Hertford, canons of Synod of, 531, 557
Hertfordshire, 475, 572
Heruls (Heruli, Herulians), 11; settled west
of Danube, 30; 34 sq. ; on right bank of
Rhine, 113; 160; and the Lombards,
195; 424 sq. , 428; conquer the Slavs,
430; 435; heathen customs among,
493 sq.
Hesse, 492; work of St Boniface in,
537 sqq. ; Saxons make a raid into, 610
Hessians, the, 697
Hewald, missionary, 610
Hexapolis, ravaged by Arabs, 396; 397, 412
Hexham, inscription at, 475; 525, 545;
bishopric of, 556; Wilfrid at, 562
Hidage system, the, 550 sq.
Hierapolis (in Syria), 33; Narses at, 285;
398
Higbert, Bishop of Lichfield, made arch-
bishop, 565
High Stead, inscription at, 475
Hijāz, Turkish province, 334
Hijāz, the, oppose Yazid, 359
Hilarus, overseer of the patrimony of the
Church in Africa, 253
Hildeprand, King of the Lombards, nephew
of Liutprand, co-regent, 213; military
successes, ib. ; king, 214; dethroned, ib.
Hilderic, King of the African Wandals,
appeals to Justinian, 10; deposed, ib. ,
14
Hildibad, King of the Goths in Italy, chosen
king, 16
Hildibald, Archbishop of Cologne, 662
Hill of Calvary, keys of, sent to Charles the
Great, 620, 704
Himyar, port, 41
Himyarites, 35; trade negotiations of By-
zantines with, 41
Hinba, island, St Columba at, 513
Hincmar, Bishop of Rheims, cited, 668 sq. ;
671
Hind, wife of Abū Sufyan, barbarity of,
318 sq.
Hinojosa, cited, 159, 191
Hippo, Bishop of. See Augustine
Hira, Arab state, 331 sq. , 337, 339, 341,
347
Hisham, Caliph, work of, 361; alters system
of taxation, 363; policy in Gaul, 374 sq. ;
and the Berber revolt, 376 sq.
Hisham, son of ‘Abd-al-Malik, raid by, 412
Hisham I, Emir of Cordova, attacks the
Franks, 605
Hispania Citerior, 165
Hispania Ulterior, 165
Historia, of Isidore of Seville, cited, 169,
174
Historia Lausiaca, of Palladius, cited, 499
History of the Lombards, of Paul the
Deacon, cited, 249
Hitherius, Abbot of St Martin, Tours, 599;
chancellor under Charles the Great, 662
Hodna Mts, brought under imperial rule,
13; 22
Holland, Lincolnshire, 545
Holstein, 457
Holsworthy, 572
Holy Cross, the, taken to Persia, 290; 292;
restored to Jerusalem, 299; 300, 690
Holy Heath, the, 610
Holy Island. See Lindisfarne
Holy Land, the. See Palestine
Holy Roman Empire, the, 584
Holy Sepulchre, the, 615; keys of, brought
to Charles the Great, 620, 704
Homerites, the, 271
Honoratus, Archbishop of Milan, flees to
Genoa, 196
Honorius, Flavius, Emperor of the West,
104, 187
Honorius I, Pope, and the Monothelete con-
troversy,399 sq. ,690; death,400; 403 sq. ;
sends pall to Paulinus, 524; sends out
Birinus, 525
Honorius, Archbishop of
522 sqq. ; death, 528
Honorius and Theodosius, Constitution of,
cited, 176
Horberg (Alsace), inscription at, 474
Hörg, doubtful signification of, 492
Hormisdas, Pope, and Justinian, 5; 246
Horsham, 572
Horta, castle of, taken by Liutprand, 213
Housesteads, inscriptions at, 473, 475
Howgill, inscription at, 475
Hruodland. See Roland
Hubal, a god of the Arabs, 304
Hudaibiya, treaty of, 322 sqq.
Huddersfield, 523
Huesca, 606
Hugo, Mayor of the Palace in Austrasia, 128
Humber, River, 128, 535, 544
Hunain, battle of, 325 sq.
Hundred, hundred men (centenarius); Mero-
vingian, 137; English, 570,639; German,
681
Hungary, Lombards in, 195; Sarmatae
migrate to, 432; 434; becomes German,
435; 436, 437 note, 439 note, 442 sq.
Slovenes in, 445; 451, 453, 609, 685
Canterbury,
## p. 854 (#886) ############################################
854
Index
Huns, the, come under Roman influence,
7; serve in imperial army, 11; (Sabirian)
occupy the Caspian Gates, 28; threaten
Antioch, 29; settle on the Danube, 30;
ravage Roman provinces, 31, 36; 34 sq. ;
threaten Constantinople, 51; 428; de-
feated by Goths, 431; 435, 438; methods
of warfare, 439; 453, 608, 642
Huntingdonshire, 545
Hurr, leads the Arabs across the Pyrenees,
'373; in Gaul, 374
Husain, grandson of Mahomet, 333; candi-
date for the caliphate, 359; killed, ib.
Huveaune, the, 461
Hweetberct, Abbot of Wearmouth, 573
Hwicce, 519, 530; attacked by Fenda, 543,
545; bishopric for, 557; 564
Hydruntum, 205
Hymnut Acathistus, uncertain date of, 296
note
Hypatins, nephew of Anastasius, and the
Nika Riot, 8 sq. ; executed, 9
"Hypocrites," the, religious party in Medina,
321
Iabdas, Berber prince, subdued, 13
Ialonus, god, 474
Iaruman, Bishop of Mercia (Lichfield), sent
as missionary to Essex, 529
Iazygians, the, migrations of, 432
Ibadites, the, 357, 377
Ibar, Irish saint, 503
Ibas, Bishop of Edessa, writings said to be
heretical, 46, 689; partial condemnation
by Vigilius, 48
Ibbas, Ostrogothic general, retakes Septi-
mania, 114, 161
Iberia, 28; invaded by Persians, 29; 274;
sends recruits to imperial army, 275; re-
covered for the Empire, 297 and note;
ceded, 406
Iberian peninsula, ohs. vi and xn pattim;
conquered by Euric, 159; under regency
of Tbeodoric, 160 sq. ; Prankish invasion
of, 162 sq. ; army of Justinian in, 163;
ideal of Leovigild for, 165, 170; policy of
Recared in, 171; Jews in, 173 sq. , 181;
want of fusion of races in, 187 sqq. ; laws
in force in, 190; 384; 597
Iberians, the, come under Roman influence,
7, 34; go over to the Romans, 270;
support Heraclius, 294; 459
Iberica, 164
R>n al Arabi, probably governor of Bar-
celona and Gerona, asks help against
the Caliph of Cordova, 604; imprisoned,
t&.
Ibn Ishak, historian, and Mahomet's legal
code,' 314; cited, 323
Ibn 'Iyad, Arab historian, cited, 186
Ibn Khaldun, cited, 183
Ibn ath-Thimna, Arab leader, calls the
Normans into Sicily, 390
Ibrahim ibn Aghlab, Amir of Mzab, makes
himself independent, 378
Ibrahim II, Aghlabid prince, takes Syracuse,
383
Ibrahim ibn Ia'qub, cited, 420, 429, 444,
452, 455 sq.
Icaunis, 460
Iceland, Oriental coins found in, 428; early
literature of, 480; heathenism in, ch. xv
(c) passim; 548, 685
Idanha a Vella (Egitania, Igaeditania),
money coined by Roderick at, survives.
186
Idatius, Bishop of Chaves in Galicia, cited,
165, 192
Idle, River, Bernicians defeated at, 522,
543; 562
Idris, descendant of Ali, founds a kingdom,
378
Idrlsids, the, 378 sq. , 381
Ieithon (Iectona), goddess, 477
Iesdem, superintendent of provincial taxa-
tion, 298
Igaeditania. See Idanha a Vella
Iliad, the, cited, 427
Illyria, 248, 254, 276, 444
Illyricum, Justin a native of, 1; devastated
by Slavs, 31; 32; and the Three Chapters
controversy, 47, 689; barbarian invasions
of, 51; (West) under the exarch of Italy,
226; estates of the Church in, 242; 284;
plundered by Slavs, 296; loss of, 396;
407
Ilmen, Lake, 429
Ilsley, 572
Imams, the, 359
Incorrupticolae, the, and Justinian, 49
India, trade of Byzantium with, 41; Chris-
tianity reaches, 500; 634
Indians, the, 380
Indies, the, 42
Ine, King of Wessex, gains territory, 560;
supports the Church, 561; 562; abdicates,
563; code of, cited, 567 sq. , 570, 645
Ingelheim, fresco in memory of Pepin at
the palace of, 593; Meeting of the Empire
held at, 607 sq.
Ingundis, daughter of Sigebert and Brun-
hild, marries Hermenegild, 168, 259;
quarrels with Goisvintha, 168; aids con-
version of Hermenegild, 168, 259; death,
259
Ingvarr, father of Svyatoslav, 453
Ingviomer, Cheruscan chieftain, 639
Inis-patrick, island, St Patrick at, 506
In Laudem Juitini, of Corippus, 264
Innichen (Aguntum), fort at, 225
Institutes, the, of Gaius, 55, 58, 61
Institutes, the, of Justinian, 38, 61 sq. , 90
Institutions, Roman, ch. in; Merovingian,
oh. v; Carol ingian, ch. xxi. See Ad-
ministrative system, Military system,
etc.
Inverness, 511, 513 i
Inzino, inscription at, 475 I
Iomsburg, 456
Iomsvikinga-saga, the, cited, 456
## p. 855 (#887) ############################################
Indea:
855
Iona (Ioua, Hii), St Columba at, 512 sq. ,
526 sqq. ; 535, 545; opposition between
Bome and, 554
Ionic Sea, the, 438
“Iråk, the, (Babylonia), raid on, 336 sqq. ;
346; annexed by Muslims, 347 sq. ; 349;
the rival of Syria, 356; 357 sqq. ; rule of
Hajjāj in, 363
Irān, Arabs invade, 348
Iranians, the, oppose Arab invasion, 348;
443
Ireland, 470; Keltic heathenism in, ch. xv.
(B) passim; Keltic saints of, 499; Chris-
tianity introduced into, 502-508; Danish
invasions of, 508; 511 sq. , 524; character
of monasteries in, 526; and the time of
Easter, 528; 535; Northumbrian fleet
attacks, 559; 571, 633, 702
Irene, Empress, concedes the Pope's claim
over the Pontifical State, 233; 247; policy
towards the Roman Church, 601; pro-
motes the worship of images, 616; 618,
620; marriage with Charles the Great
proposed, 624; deposed, ib. ; 704 sq. ;
706 note
Irenicon, the, 345, 349
Irish, the, and Laurentius, 521
Irminstil, pillars, 492; one destroyed by
Charles the Great, ib. , 610
Isaac, Patriarch of Jerusalem,
proposes to capture, 287
Isauria, 39; raided by Arabs, 393, 398; 395;
Arabs invade, 412
Ischia, attacked by Arabs, 381; used as
naval base, 385
Isère, River, 198
Iserninus (Fith), missionary to Ireland, 504
Isidore, St, Bishop of Seville, cited, 159,
162 sq. , 168 sqq. , 173 sqq. , 189; president
of Fourth Council of Toledo, 175 sq. ;
179; 191; works of, 192 sq.
Isidore of Miletus, buildschurch of St Sophia,
40
Bonosus
Isidore of Pax Julia, cited, 182
Isis, temple of, at Philae, 44; 486
Islám, 231; chs. x, x1 and xII passim; term
explained, 309 note; and Judaism, 314;
supremacy of in Arabia, 321; debt to
paganism, 325; importance of the Pil-
grimage, 326; 328 sq. ; and the Arab migra-
tion, 329 sqq. ; and the Ridda, 335; in
Persia, 348 sq. , 364; economics and, 362;
checked in Europe, 374 sq. ; end of pre-
dominance in Italy, 387; and in Sicily,
389 sq. ; 687
Ispahān, taken by Arabs, 348
Israel, 469
Israelites, the, 463
Istakhr, taken by Arabs, 348
Istria, devastated by Lombards, 201, 250;
215; forms a ducatus, 228; left late under
Byzantine rule, 232; 234; treatise of
Gregory addressed to the bishops of, 239;
252; Church in schism in, 253, 689;
conferred by Pepin on the Pope, 588,
599; included in kingdom of Italy, 600;
held by Byzantines, 693
Italians, leave Italy, 17; 158, 261, 468,
579
Italicus, son of Arminius, 194
Italy, 5 sq. , 9 sqq. ; revolution in, 14;
successes of Belisarius in, 15; successes
of Totila in, 16 sq. ; restored to Roman
Empire, 18; system of government in,
20 sq. ; misery in, 23 sq. ; 28 sqq. , 44;
feeling towards Vigilius in, 48; 49, 52;
use of Theodosian code in, 57; code of
Theodoric for, 58; 65, 89, 95,109,119 sq. ,
125; threatened by Arabs, 129; invaded
by Lombards, 130, 580; Constantine's
“donation” of, rºr, 587; 141; death of
St Columbanus in, 148; 156, 158, 161;
imperial administration in, ch. VIII (A)
passim, 283; power of the Church in,
229 sqq. , 242,250; growing independence
of the cities of, 234 sq. ; 238,243; failing
authority of the Empire in, 244 sq. , 248;
249; 251, 256, 261; 263, 300, 375, 379,
382; the Saracensin, 383 sqq. ; Saracens
driven from, 387 sqq. ; 395, 401, 408,433,
436, 439, 442, 461, 482, 499 sqq. , 533,
549, 555; military authority supplants
the civil in, 577; Pope regarded as re-
presentative of the Emperor in, 578;
rivalry of Pope and Emperor in, 579, 585;
Lombard successes in, 583; given to the
Pope by Pepin, 588; state of, in the eighth
century, 597;Tson of Charles declared
king of, 600; Charles founds a lordship
over, 602 sqq. ; 610,615,620 sq. ; Bernard
made under-king of, 624, 659; 633, 643;
growth of papal power in, 686; 688,
692 sq. ; the Lombards and the Papacy
in, 695 sqq. ; 705 sq.
Ithamar, Bishop of Rochester, 527 sq.
Itzehoe, fortress built by Charles the Great,
614
Iulin (Iumin), 456
“Iyād ibn Ghanm, general, 344
Izala, Mt, 277 sq.
Jābiya, Muslim army at, 345
Jacob Baradaeus, made bishop of Edessa,
46; offends Justin II, 265
Jaen, 164
Ja‘far, first cousin of Mahomet, slain, 324
Ja‘far, rules in Sicily, 389
Jahveh, 463
Jakobos, Persian ambassador, 272
Jakutha, 344
Jalālā, skirmish at, 347; fortress taken by
Arabs, 367
James the Deacon, assists Paulinus, 523;
urges Roman use in Northumbria, 528
Janda, Lake, battle of, 185, 371
Jannābatain. See Ajnādain
Japanese, the, 493
Jaraicejo, 166 note
Jarrow, monastery of, 527; Bede at, 562,
574; foundation of, 573
## p. 856 (#888) ############################################
856
Indea:
Jeremiah, Archbishop of Sens, chancellor,
662
Jericho, 290
Jerte, River, 166
Jerome, St (Eusebius Hieronymus Sophro-
nius), Gregory the Great studies the
works of, 237; cited, 500, 504
Jerusalem, 241; feud of Blues and Greens
in, 285,287; taken by the Persians, 290,
294; 292; the Cross restored to, 299; and
Mahomet's disciples, 309, 314; and the
Arab raid, 341, 343; taken, 345, 399;
Mu‘āwiya proclaimed at, 358; Omar
mosque at, 363; represented at Sixth
General Council, 404; British pilgrims
at, 499; 615; embassy to Charles the
Great from, 620, 704; Charles the Great
said to have visited, 626
Jerusalem, Patriarchs of.
Sophronius, Zacharias
Jesi, taken by Desiderius, 219
Jews, the, persecuted, 44; 72; suits brought
by, 100 sq. ; disabilities of, 108; growing
importance of, 156; persecution of, in
Spain, 173 sq. ; Fourth Council of Toledo
passes canons concerning, 175 sq. ; Sixth
Council renews persecution of, 176;
Eighth Council confirms persecution of,
177; laws of Erwig against, 179; con-
spiracy of, 181; severe penalties, ib. ;
assist invading Arabs, 185, 187, 372; 190:
Gregory the Great and, 257; resist
imperial troops in Antioch, 286; help the
Persians to gain Jerusalem, 290; banished
by Chosroes, ib. ; 305; and Mahomet,
306 note, 307, 309; form a colony at
Medina, 312; 314 and note, 315; perse-
cuted by Mahomet, 318 sq. ; in the siege
of Medina, 320; vanquished at Khaibar,
323; Mahomet exacts tribute from, 326;
and Heraclius, 345; 641, 691
Jillin (Jillik), Roman army at, 343
Job, Book of, Gregory the Great writes a
commentary on, 238 sq.
Joceline, Bishop of Glasgow, 510, 512
Joceline, monk of Furness, Life of St Kenti-
gern by, 510, 512
Johannes, patricius, 370
John I, Pope, sent on an embassy to Con-
stantinople, 6; imprisonment, ib. ; death,
See Elias, Isaac,
tu.
John III, Pope, election of, 48
John IV, Pope, denounces the Ekthesis,
400
John W, Pope, and Justinian II, 407 and
note
John VI, Pope, and Wilfrid, 562
John VII, Pope, and the Acts of the Trullan
Council, 412
John VIII, Pope, pays tribute to Saracens,
387
John X, Pope, disperses Saracens, 387
John II, Patriarch of Constantinople, and
the union with the Western Church, 5,
246
John III, Scholasticus, Patriarch of Cº
stantinople, and Justin II, 265,273
John IV, the Faster, Patriarch of Constant
nople, and Gregory the Great, 238 sq.
247, 283; death, 247
John W. , Patriarch of Constantinople
403 sq.
John VI, Patriarch of Constantinople, ap-
pointed, 414; makes advances to Rome.
415
John, Bishop of Ephesus (or Asia), seeds
missions to Monophysites, 44; cited. 43.
265, 270 sq. , 276
John of Biclar, Bishop of Gerona, cited,155.
168 sq. , 172, 259; banished, 169; 193
267 note
John, Bishop of Ravenna, and Gregory the
Great, 240
John of Beverley, St, Bishop of York, edu-
cated at Canterbury, 573
John, King of Bohemia, 450
John the Deacon, cited, 236, 238,243, 261
John, arch-chanter at St Peter's, 524
John, son of Timostratus, loses Dara, 272
John, bastard son of Bonus, 292
John (Athalarich), bastardson of Heraclius,
292
John, logothete, commands the fleet, 415:
killed, ib.
John, patrician, and the Monophysites, 255;
negotiates with Persia, 274
John, patrician, commands imperial feet.
410
John, praefect, sent to Cherson, 413; killed.
ib.
John, silentiarius, envoy of the Emperor.
582 sqq.
John of Cappadocia, minister of Justinian,
3; character, 8; and the Nika Riot, 8 sq. ;
and the African war, 12; and Theodors.
26; extortions of, 42; 50
John of Damascus, cited, 691
John of Fordun, Chronicle of, 509
John Mystakon, commander-in-chief of
eastern armies, 277; and Persian rebels,
280
John of Nikiou, cited, 264, 287
John Struthus, spatharius, kills the son of
Justinian II, 414
Jonas of Bobbio, cited, 490
Jordan, River, 340 sqq.
