No More Learning



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7236
WILLIAM ERNEST HENLEY
(1849-)
OR an author of reputation so extended, Mr. Henley's work is
singularly limited in amount, consisting only of a few small
volumes of poetry and essays. These books, however, rep-
resent a wide range of study and thought. William Ernest Henley
was born in Gloucester, England, in 1849, and was educated in his
native city. In 1875 he began to write for the London magazines,
and edited for two years a short-lived journal called London, in which
many of his verses first appeared. In 1889 he became editor of the
Scots Observer (now the National Observer),
and afterwards of the New Review, pub-
lished in London, where he lives. This
monthly is representative of the younger
schools and late developments in literature.

WILLIAM E. HENLEY
His critical essays contributed to the
Saturday Review, the Athenæum, and other
journals, were published in 1890 as 'Views
and Reviews. ' In 1873 appeared 'In Hos-
pital: Rhymes and Rhythms,' and in 1888
a small 'Book of Verses,' followed by The
Song of the Sword,' published in 1892.
Two volumes, 'Lyra Heroica' and an an-
thology of English prose, were prepared by
him; and he also wrote with Robert Louis
Stevenson a volume of plays, published in 1893, of which 'Beau
Austin' was acted at the Haymarket Theatre with great success.
With Stevenson he published also 'Macaire' (1895), a melodramatic
farce, which is a new version of the famous old harlequinade.
The 'Hospital' verses are unconventional, bold to the verge of
daring, and belong perhaps rather to the field of pathology than of
poetry. Surgeon's lint and antiseptics cannot be made attractive
lyrical themes. Yet often there is vivid, if sombre, imagination in
this series. Fine is the skill with which Henley, turning from these
modern eccentricities, produces old French forms of verse, polished
with the most delicate precision, and fancifully embellished. In the
division called 'Life and Death' the poems are full of depth and
beauty, and now and again one comes on a perfect song. In 'The


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WILLIAM ERNEST HENLEY
7237
Song of the Sword' his many-colored mind produces work of a vari-
ous character. The first part is an unrhymed rhythmical piece of
declamation, suggestive of the saga, in which the sword speaks out of
its bold heart; the second group, entitled 'London Voluntaries,' has
placed Henley's name among those poets who are pre-eminently asso-
ciated with London streets and scenes. This poem-group, describing
the city at various times of the year and day, has been compared to
Whistler's studies of the world's greatest capital. Here is the same
vivid drawing, the same impression of space and distance, and the
same emphasis of the personality of the city. Henley's word pictures
show how accurate is the comparison:
-
"See the batch of boats
Here at the stairs, washed in the fresh-sprung beam!
And those are barges that were goblin floats,
Black, hag-steered, fraught with devilry and dream!
And in the piles the waters frolic clear,
The ripples into loose rings wander and flee,
And we we can behold, that could but hear
The ancient River singing as he goes
New-mailed in morning to the ancient Sea. »
In the final division, called 'Rhymes and Rhythms,' are many
pieces of striking originality and lovely musical quality, our second
poetical selection affording an illustration. It is interesting to com-
pare Henley's treatment of London with that of Wordsworth's in his
great sonnet On Westminster Bridge,' in which he looks upon a city
that
"doth like a garment wear
The beauty of the morning. "
Mr. Henley's critical qualities have been compared by Marriott
Watson to "the flare of an electric light. " "There are queer patches
of blackness outside the path of the illumination," he says, "passages
of darkness along the angles; but within these confines the white
light cuts its way rudely, sharply, and with pitiless severity. Along
the sphere of the irradiation the white flare is merciless in its scru-
tiny; every fault and flaw is picked out as by magic, every virtue
is assigned its value. » This however gives but one side, the acid-
ulous, biting side, of Henley's genius. At times, as in the wonder-
fully fine closing sentences of the prose selection herewith given, he
is a prose poet writing English of music, majesty, and imaginative
splendor.


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7238
WILLIAM ERNEST HENLEY
BALLADE OF MIDSUMMER DAYS AND NIGHTS
ITH a ripple of leaves and a tinkle of streams
The full world rolls in a rhythm of praise,
And the winds are one with the clouds and beams-
Midsummer days! midsummer days!
WITH
The dusk grows vast; in a purple haze,
While the west from a rapture of sunset rights,
Faint stars their exquisite lamps upraise-
Midsummer nights! O midsummer nights!
The wood's green heart is a nest of dreams,
The lush grass thickens and springs and sways,
The rathe wheat rustles, the landscape gleams—
Midsummer days! midsummer days!
In the stilly fields, in the stilly ways,
All secret shadows and mystic lights,
Late lovers murmurous linger and gaze -
Midsummer nights! O midsummer nights!
There's a music of bells from the trampling teams.
Wild skylarks hover, the gorses blaze,
The rich ripe rose as with incense steams
Midsummer days! midsummer days!
A soul from the honeysuckle strays,
And the nightingale as from prophet heights
Sings to the earth of her million Mays—
Midsummer nights! O midsummer nights!
ENVOY
And it's oh! for my dear, and the charm that stays—
Midsummer days! midsummer days!
It's oh! for my love, and the dark that plights-
Midsummer nights! O midsummer nights!
LONGFELLOW AND THE WATER-WORLD
From Views and Reviews ›
THE
ocean as confidant, a Laertes that can neither avoid his
Hamlets nor bid them hold their peace, is a modern inven-
tion. Byron and Shelley discovered it; Heine took it into his
confidence and told it the story of his loves; Wordsworth made
it a moral influence; Browning loved it in his way, but his way


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WILLIAM ERNEST HENLEY
7239
was not often the poet's; to Matthew Arnold it was the voice
of destiny, and its message was a message of despair; Hugo
conferred with it as with a humble friend, and uttered such
lofty things over it as are rarely heard upon the lips of man.
And so with living lyrists, each after his kind. Lord Tenny-
son listens and looks until it strikes him out an undying note of
passion, or yearning, or regret:-
"Sunset and evening star,
And one clear call for me;"
Mr. Swinburne maddens with the wind and the sounds and the
scent of it, until there passes into his verse a something of its
vastness and its vehemency, the rapture of its inspiration, the
palpitating, many-twinkling miracle of its light; Mr. William Mor-
ris has been taken with the manner of its melancholy; while to
Whitman it has been "the great Camerado" indeed, for it gave
him that song of the brown bird bereft of its mate, in whose
absence the half of him had not been told to us.
་
But to Longfellow alone was it given to see that stately gal-
ley which Count Arnaldos saw; his only to hear the steersman
singing that wild and wondrous song which none that hears it
can resist, and none that has heard it may forget. Then did he
learn the old monster's secret - the word of his charm, the core
of his mystery, the human note in his music, the quality of his
influence upon the heart and the mind of man; and then did he
win himself a place apart among sea poets. With the most of
them it is a case of "Ego et rex meus": it is "I and the sea,
and my egoism is as valiant and as vocal as the other's. " But
Longfellow is the spokesman of a confraternity; what thrills
him to utterance is the spirit of that strange and beautiful free-
masonry established as long ago as when the first sailor steered
the first keel out into the unknown, irresistible water-world, and
so established the foundations of the eternal brotherhood of man
with ocean. To him the sea is a place of mariners and ships.
In his verse the rigging creaks, the white sail fills and crackles,
there are blown smells of pine and hemp and tar; you catch
the home wind on your cheeks; and old shipmen, their eyeballs
white in their bronzed faces, with silver rings and gaudy hand-
kerchiefs, come in and tell you moving stories of the immemorial,
incommunicable deep. He abides in a port; he goes down to the
docks, and loiters among the galiots and brigantines; he hears
the melancholy song of the chanty-men; he sees the chips flying


## p. 7240 (#642) ###########################################

7240
WILLIAM ERNEST HENLEY
under the shipwright's adze; he smells the pitch that smokes and
bubbles in the caldron. And straightway he falls to singing his
variations on the ballad of Count Arnaldos; and the world listens,
for its heart beats in his song.
"OUT OF THE NIGHT THAT COVERS ME»
UT of the night that covers me,
Black as the pit from Pole to Pole,
I thank whatever gods may be
For my unconquerable soul.
O
In the fell clutch of circumstance
I have not winced nor cried aloud,
Under the bludgeonings of chance
My head is bloody, but unbowed.
Beyond this place of wrath and tears
Looms but the Horror of the shade,
And yet the menace of the years
Finds and shall find me unafraid.
It matters not how strait the gate,
How charged with punishments the scroll:
I am the master of my fate;
I am the captain of my soul.
"OH, TIME AND CHANGE »
From The Song of the Sword and Other Verses. Copyright 1892, by Charles
Scribner's Sons
OH,
H, TIME and Change, they range and range
From sunshine round to thunder!
They glance and go as the great winds blow,
And the best of our dreams drive under;
For Time and Change estrange, estrange –
And now they have looked and seen us,
Oh we that were dear, we are all too near
With the thick of the world between us.
Oh, Death and Time, they chime and chime
Like bells at sunset falling!
They end the song, they right the wrong,
They set the old echoes calling;
For Death and Time bring on the prime
Of God's own chosen weather,
And we lie in the peace of the Great Release
As once in the grass together.


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## p. 7241 (#647) ###########################################

7241
PATRICK HENRY
(1736-1799)
ATRICK HENRY'S fame as an American statesman and orator
has the elements of permanency. A high-minded and broad-
minded patriot, he had rare powers of persuasion by speech,
-powers used for the welfare of his country. His forensic writing
loses something in the reading, which is true of all good oratory.
But certain of his flaming sentences still ring in the ears of Ameri-
cans, and have historical significance.
Henry was born at Studley, Virginia, May 29th, 1736. He was of
good Scotch and English blood, and was educated by his father; he
married at eighteen and went early into business. He became a
lawyer when twenty-four, and was successful from the first. When
pleading the cause of a clergyman in 1763 in the celebrated tobacco-
tax question, he showed himself to be a fine speaker; and from this
on, advanced rapidly in public life. Elected in 1765 to the Virginia
House, in a fiery speech he advocated resistance to the Stamp Act
and became the leader of his colony. He was a delegate to the
first Continental Congress, and in 1776, on the adoption of the Con-
stitution, his own State made him four times governor; he declined
re-election in 1786, to be again elected in 1796 and again to decline.
His policy throughout these public services was wise, broad, pro-
gressive. His spirit is reflected in the words of an early speech:
"I am not a Virginian, but an American. " Retiring from public life
in 1791 at the age of fifty-five, he practiced law, preferring to guard
his broken health and provide for his large family; although subse-
quently Washington offered him the post of Secretary of State and
that of Chief Justice, and President Adams named him minister to
France. In 1799, however, at Washington's appeal he allowed him-
self to be elected to the Legislature; but died, June 6th, before taking
his seat.
Henry's biography was written by William Wirt in 1817, in the
tone of uncritical panegyric which biographers so rarely escape, and
the rather tinsel brilliancy peculiar to Wirt. Good lives of Henry
have since been written by his grandson, William Wirt Henry, and
in the American Statesmen Series by Professor Moses Coit Tyler.


## p. 7242 (#648) ###########################################

7242
PATRICK HENRY
THE ALTERNATIVE
SPEECH IN THE VIRGINIA CONVENTION, 1775
From Wirt's Life of Henry'
Mr. President:
I
T is natural to man to indulge in the illusions of hope. We are
apt to shut our eyes against a painful truth, and listen to the
song of that siren till she transforms us into beasts. Is this
the part of wise men, engaged in a great and arduous struggle
for liberty? Are we disposed to be of the number of those who
having eyes see not, and having ears hear not, the things which
so nearly concern their temporal salvation? For my part, what-
ever anguish of spirit it may cost, I am willing to know the
whole truth; to know the worst and to provide for it.
I have but one lamp by which my feet are guided; and that
is the lamp of experience. I know of no way of judging of the
future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know
what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for
the last ten years, to justify those hopes with which gentlemen
have been pleased to solace themselves and the house? Is it
that insidious smile with which our petition has been lately
received? Trust it not, sir: it will prove a snare to your feet.
Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed with a kiss. Ask yourselves
how this gracious reception of our petition comports with those
warlike preparations which cover our waters and darken our land.
Are fleets and armies necessary to a work of love and reconcilia-
tion? Have we shown ourselves so unwilling to be reconciled
that force must be called in to win back our love? Let us not
deceive ourselves, sir. These are the implements of war and
subjugation—the last arguments to which kings resort. I ask
gentlemen, sir, what means this martial array, if its purpose be
not to force us to submission? Can gentlemen assign any other
possible motive for it? Has Britain any enemy in this quarter
of the world, to call for all this accumulation of navies and
armies? No, sir, she has none. They are meant for us; they
can be meant for no other. They are sent over to bind and rivet
upon us those chains which the British ministry have been so
long forging. And what have we to oppose to them? Shall
we try argument? Sir, we have been trying that for the last
ten years. Have we anything new to offer upon the subject?


## p. 7243 (#649) ###########################################

PATRICK HENRY
7243
Nothing. We have held the subject up in every light of which
it is capable; but it has been all in vain. Shall we resort to
entreaty and humble supplication? what terms shall we find
which have not been already exhausted? Let us not, I beseech
you, sir, deceive ourselves longer.
Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the
storm which is now coming on. We have petitioned, we have
remonstrated, we have supplicated, we have prostrated ourselves
before the throne, and have implored its interposition to arrest the
tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. Our petitions
have been slighted; our remonstrances have produced additional
violence and insult; our supplications have been disregarded;
and we have been spurned with contempt from the foot of the
throne. In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond
hope of peace and reconciliation. There is no longer any room
for hope.
If we wish to be free, if we mean to preserve inviolate
those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long con-
tending, if we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in
which we have been so long engaged, and which we have pledged
ourselves never to abandon until the glorious object of our con-
test shall be obtained we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must
fight! An appeal to arms and to the God of Hosts is all that is
left us!
-
They tell us, sir, that we are weak-unable to cope with so
formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will
it be the next week, or the next year? Will it be when we are
totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed
in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and
inaction? Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance by
lying supinely on our backs, and hugging the delusive phantom
of hope until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot?
Sir, we are not weak, if we make a proper use of those means
which the God of nature hath placed in our power. Three mill-
ions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty, and in such
a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force
which our enemy can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not
fight our battles alone. There is a just God who presides over
the destinies of nations; and who will raise up friends to fight
our battles for us. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it
is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no
election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late


## p. 7244 (#650) ###########################################

PATRICK HENRY
7244
to retire from the contest. There is no retreat but in submission
and slavery! Our chains are forged; their clanking may be heard
on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable— and let it come!
I repeat it, sir, let it come!
It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may
cry, Peace, peace; but there is no peace. The war is actually
begun. The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to
our ears the clash of resounding arms. Our brethren are already
in the field. Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentle-
men wish? what would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so
sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?
Forbid it, Almighty God! —I know not what course others may
take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!
ON THE RETURN OF THE REFUGEES
SPEECH IN THE VIRGINIA LEGISLATURE
From Wirt's Life of Henry'
W*
E HAVE, sir, an extensive country without population: what
can be a more obvious policy than that this country ought
to be peopled? People, sir, form the strength and con-
stitute the wealth of a nation. I want to see our vast forests
filled up by some process a little more speedy than the ordinary
course of nature. I wish to see these States rapidly ascending to
that rank which their natural advantages authorize them to hold
among the nations of the earth. Cast your eyes, sir, over this
extensive country: observe the salubrity of your climate, the
variety and fertility of your soil; and see that soil intersected in
every quarter by bold navigable streams, flowing to the east and
to the west, as if the finger of Heaven were marking out the
course of your settlements, inviting you to enterprise and point-
ing the way to wealth. Sir, you are destined, at some time or
other, to become a great agricultural and commercial people; the
only question is, whether you choose to reach this point by slow
gradations and at some distant period,-lingering on through a
long and sickly minority, subjected meanwhile to the machina-
tions, insults, and oppressions of enemies foreign and domestic,
without sufficient strength to resist and chastise them, or whether
you choose rather to rush at once, as it were, to the full enjoy-
ment of those high destinies, and be able to cope single-handed
-


## p. 7245 (#651) ###########################################

PATRICK HENRY
7245
with the proudest oppressor of the Old World. If you prefer the
latter course, as I trust you do, encourage emigration; encourage
the husbandmen, the mechanics, the merchants of the Old World
to come and settle in this land of promise; make it the home of
the skillful, the industrious, the fortunate and happy, as well as
the asylum of the distressed; fill up the measure of your popu-
lation as speedily as you can, by the means which Heaven hath
placed in your power: and I venture to prophesy there are those
now living who will see this favored land amongst the most
powerful on earth-able, sir, to take care of herself, without
resorting to that policy which is always so dangerous, though
sometimes unavoidable, of calling in foreign aid. Yes, sir, they
will see her great in arts and in arms; her golden harvests
waving over fields of immeasurable extent; her commerce pene-
trating the most distant seas, and her cannon silencing the vain
boasts of those who now proudly affect to rule the waves.
But, sir, you must have men; you cannot get along without
them: those heavy forests of valuable timber under which your
lands are groaning must be cleared away; those vast riches which
cover the face of your soil, as well as those which lie hid in its
bosom, are to be developed and gathered only by the skill and
enterprise of men; your timber, sir, must be worked up into
ships, to transport the productions of the soil from which it has.
been cleared. Then you must have commercial men and com-
mercial capital, to take off your productions and find the best
markets for them abroad. Your great want, sir, is the want of
men; and these you must have, and will have speedily, if you
are wise.
Do you ask how you are to get them? Open your
doors, sir, and they will come in. The population of the Old
World is full to overflowing; that population is ground, too, by
the oppressions of the governments under which they live.
Sir,
they are already standing on tiptoe upon their native shores, and
looking to your coasts with a wishful and longing eye. They see
here a land blessed with natural and political advantages which
are not equaled by those of any other country upon earth; a
land on which a gracious Providence hath emptied the horn of
abundance; a land over which Peace hath now stretched forth her
white wings, and where Content and Plenty lie down at every
door! Sir, they see something still more attractive than all this:
they see a land in which Liberty hath taken up her abode, that
Liberty whom they had considered as a fabled goddess, existing


## p. 7246 (#652) ###########################################

7246
PATRICK HENRY
only in the fancies of poets. They see her here a real divinity,
her altars rising on every hand throughout these happy States,
her glories chanted by three millions of tongues, and the whole
region smiling under her blessed influence. Sir, let but this
our celestial goddess Liberty stretch forth her fair hand toward
the people of the Old World, tell them to come, and bid them
welcome-and you will see them pouring in from the north, from
the south, from the east, and from the west; your wildernesses
will be cleared and settled, your deserts will smile, your ranks
will be filled, and you will soon be in a condition to defy the
powers of any adversary.
But gentlemen object to any accession from Great Britain, and
particularly to the return of the British refugees. Sir, I feel no
objection to the return of those deluded people. They have, to
be sure, mistaken their own interests most woefully, and most
woefully have they suffered the punishment due to their offenses.
But the relations which we bear to them and to their native
country are now changed; their King hath acknowledged our
independence, the quarrel is over, peace hath returned and found
us a free people. Let us have the magnanimity, sir, to lay
aside our antipathies and prejudices, and consider the subject in
a political light. Those are an enterprising, moneyed people;
they will be serviceable in taking off the surplus of our lands,
and supplying us with necessaries during the infant state of our
manufactures. Even if they be inimical to us in point of feel-
ing and principle, I can see no objection in a political view in
making them tributary to our advantage. And as I have no
prejudices to prevent my making this use of them, so, sir, I have
no fear of any mischief that they can do us. Afraid of them! —
what, sir, shall we, who have laid the proud British lion at our
feet, now be afraid of his whelps?


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