No More Learning

| | | |
| | 79| 832|Death of Vespasian, June 23, in his 70th year.
| | | |
| | | |Titus succeeds. «Eruption of Vesuvius. Death of Pliny
| | | |the elder. Cf. Plin. vi. Epist. 16, 20. »
| | | |
| | 80| 833|Fire at Rome. Temple of Isis, and Capitol, burnt.
| | | |
|215| 81| 834|Death of Titus, Sept. 13.
| | | |
| | | |Domitian succeeds. Sat. iv. 37, "Flavius Ultimus, et
| | | |calvo serviret Roma Neroni. "
| | | |
| | 82| 835|Domitian rebuilds the Capitol (Suet. Dom. 5), and
| | | |patronizes learning. Sat. vii. 1, "Et spes, et ratio
| | | |studiorum in Cæsare tantum. "
| | | |
| | 83| 836|Domitian's expedition against the Catti and Sarmatæ.
| | | |
| | | |Three Vestal virgins punished. Sat. iv. 10, "Sanguine
| | | |adhuc vivo terram subitura Sacerdos. "
| | | |
| | 84| 837|Domitian takes the name of "Germanicus. " Receives the
| | | |censorship for life. Sat. iv. 12; ii. 121.
| | | |
| | | |Defeat of Galgacus in Britain. Sat. ii. 160, 161,
| | | |"Domitianus nobiles multos relegavit et optimates
| | | |occidit. " Chron. Euseb. Cf. Sat. iv. 151, _seq. _
| | | |
| | 86| 839|Domitian institutes the Capitoline Games. Suet. Dom.
| | | |4, "Certamen quinquennale triplex, Musicum, Equestre,
| | | |Gymnicum. " «Cf. A. D. 60. » Sat. vi. 387, "An Capitolinam
| | | |deberet Pollio quercum Sperare et fidibus promittere. "
| | | |Cf. ad Sulpic. 41.
| | | |
| | | |Dacian war. Sat. iv. 111, cum Schol.
| | | |
| | | |«Birth of Antoninus Pius. »
| | | |
|217| 89| 842|Quintilian teaches at Rome ("Publicam Scholam et
| | | |Salarium è fisco accepit," Hieron. ), Domitian's
| | | |nephews, among others. Some think Juvenal attended his
| | | |lectures. Sat. vi. 75, 280; vii. 186, 189.
| | | |
| | 90| 843|Domitian expels the philosophers (cf. A. D. 74). Tac.
| | | |Agr. 2. (Sat. iii. may perhaps refer to this, "omni
| | | |bonâ arte in exsilium actâ," cf. l. 21. )
| | | |
| | | |Senecio put to death for writing a book in praise of
| | | |Helvidius Priscus. Cf. Sat. v. 36.
| | | |
| | | |Sulpicia's Satire. «Pliny prætor in his 29th year. »
| | | |
| | 91| 844|Domitian's triumphs over Dacians and Germans. «Sat. vi.
| | | |205, "Dacicus et scripto radiat Germanicus auro:" but
| | | |cf. A. D. 110. »
| | | |
| | | |Cornelia, a Vestal virgin, buried alive. (Vid. Suet.
| | | |Dom. 8. Plin. iv. Ep. 11. Cf. A. D. 83. ) This happened
| | | |after the death of Julia. Sat. ii. 32.
| | | |
|218| 98| 846|Sarmatian war. (Sat. ii. 1. ) Death of Agricola.
| | | |
| | | |Massa and Carus (i. 35, 36) referred by some to this
| | | |date.
| | | |
| | | |Influence of Paris. Sat. vi. 87, "Ludos Paridemque
| | | |reliquit. " Sat. vii. 87, "Paridi nisi vendat Agaven;"
| | | |and 90, _seq. _
| | | |
| | | |Palfurius Sura, Armillatus, Pegasus, Vibius Crispus
| | | |Placentinus, Acilius Glabrio, Fabricius Veiento,
| | | |Catullus Messalinus, Curtius Montanus, and Crispinus
| | | |flourish. Sat. iv. 50-150; vi. 82; i. 26; xi. 34.
| | | |
| | 94| 847|Lateranus consul. viii. 146, _seq. _, "Prætor majorum
| | | |cineres atque ossa volucri Carpento rapitur pinguis
| | | |_Damasippus_, et ipse, Ipse rotam stringit multo
| | | |sufflamine consul;" where some read "Lateranus;" others
| | | |say Lateranus is intended by Damasippus.
| | | |
| | | |This is probably the date of the event recorded in Sat.
| | | |iv. , "Illa tempora sævitiæ claras quibus abstulit Urbi
| | | |Illustresque animas impune et vindice nullo," l. 151.
| | | |Cf. Tac. Agric. 44, who says that after the death of
| | | |Agricola (A. D. 93) "Domitianus non jam per intervalla
| | | |ac spiramenta temporum sed continuo et velut uno ictu
| | | |Rempublicam exhausit," _et seq. _
| | | |
| | 95| 848|Death of Clemens, the consul.
| | | |
| | | |«Persecution of Christians. St. John at Patmos. »
| | | |
| | | |Flavia Domitilla exiled to _Pontia_. «Cf. xiii. 246,
| | | |"Aut maris Ægæi rupem, scopulosque frequentes Exulibus
| | | |magnis. "»
| | | |
| | | |The fourth book of the Sylvæ of Statius written.
| | | |
| | | |In the third book written A. D. 94, he mentions the
| | | |close of the Thebais. Cf. Sat. vii. 82, "Curritur ad
| | | |vocem jucundam et carmen amicæ Thebaidos, lætam fecit
| | | |quum Statius Urbem Promisitque diem. "
| | | |
| | | |The Thebaid had employed twelve years.
| | | |
| | 96| 849|Domitian killed in September, in his 45th year. Sat.
| | | |iv. 153, "Sed periit postquam cerdonibus esse timendus
| | | |Cœperat, hoc nocuit Lamiarum cæde madenti. "
| | | |
| | | |Nerva succeeds.
| | | |
|219| 97| 850|Nerva adopts Trajan. «Tacitus "Consul Suffectus. "»
| | | |
| | 98| 851|Death of Nerva, Jan. 25th, in his 63d year.
| | | |
| | | |Trajan (then at Cologne) succeeds.
| | | |
| | | |«Plutarch flourishes. Pliny, Præf. Ærarii Saturni. »
| | | |
| | 99| 852|Trajan enters Rome.
| | | |
| | | |«Martial, 10th book, 2d edition. Silius Italicus still
| | | |living. »
| | | |
| | 100| 853|Consulship of M. Cornelius Fronto with Trajan. Sat. i.
| | | |12, "Frontonis platani, convulsaque marmora clamant
| | | |Semper et assiduo ruptæ lectore columnæ. "
| | | |
| | | |Pliny and Tacitus impeach Marius Priscus, proconsul of
| | | |Africa. Fronto Catius defends him. Cf. Plin. ii. Epist.
| | | |xi. The case was tried before Trajan in person. Cf.
| | | |Sat. i. 47, "Et hic damnatus inani Judicio; quid enim
| | | |salvis infamia nummis? Exul ab octavâ Marius bibit, et
| | | |fruitur Diis iratis. " And viii.
120, "Quum tenues nuper
| | | |Marius discinxerit Afros. "
| | | |
| | | |Pliny's Panegyric, in his consulship.
| | | |
| | | |Death of S. John.
| | | |
| | | |«Martial returns to Bilbilis. Twelfth book of Epigrams. »
| | | |
|220| 101| 854|First Dacian war. "Trajanus primus aut solus etiam
| | | |vires Romanas trans _Istrum_ propagavit," Victor, p.
| | | |319; perhaps alluded to, Sat. viii. 169, "Syriæque
| | | |tuendis Amnibus et Rheno atque _Istro_. "
| | | |
| | | |Isæus flourishes. "Magna Isæum fama præcesserat: major
| | | |inventus est. Summa est facultas, copia, ubertas. "
| | | |Plin. ii. Epist. 3. Cf. Sat. iii. 73 (with the
| | | |Scholiasts), "Sermo promptus et Isæo torrentior. "
| | | |
| | 103| 856|Victories in Dacia. Peace granted to Decebalus.
| | | |
| | | |Trajan triumphs, and takes the name of "Dacicus. " (Cf.
| | | |110. ) «Pliny arrives at Bithynia. »
| | | |
| | 104| 857|Second Dacian war. Trajan takes the command.
| | | |
| | | |Hadrian serves. "Primæ legioni Minerviæ præpositus. "
| | | |Spartian. Hadr. 3.
| | | |
| | | |«Martial sends his 12th book to Rome. Vid. Ep. 18.
| | | |Pliny's letter about the Christians. »
| | | |
|221| 105| 858|Stone bridge over the Danube, by which Trajan conquers
| | | |the Dacians.
| | | |
| | 106| 859|Death of Decebalus. Dacia becomes a Roman province.
| | | |
| | | |Conquest of Arabia Petræa. 2d triumph of Trajan.
| | | |
| | 107| 860|Trajan's public works. Vid. Dio, lxviii. 15, τά τε
| | | |ἕλη τὰ Πόντινα ὡδοποίησε λίθῳ. κ. τ. λ. Cf. iii. 307,
| | | |"Armato quoties tutæ custode tenentur Et _Pomptina_
| | | |palus et Gallinaria pinus. "
| | | |
| | 110| 863|This road is finished. «Plutarch's Lives. »
| | | |
| | | |The _coins_ of Trajan of this year bear the words,
| | | |"GERMANICUS, DACICUS. " vi. 205, "_Dacicus_, et scripto
| | | |radiat _Germanicus_ auro. "
| | | |
| | 112| 865|Hadrian Archon at Athens.
| | | |
|223| 113| 866|The column of Trajan erected (cf. Dio, lxviii. 16), to
| | | |which some think there is an allusion in the line, x.
| | | |136, "Summo tristis captivus in arcu. "
| | | |
| | 114| 867|Trajan's expedition to the East, against the Armenians
| | | |and Parthians. He proceeds in the autumn through Athens
| | | |and Seleucia to Antioch.
| | | |
| | 115| 868|Earthquake at Antioch, in January or February, in which
| | | |the consul, M. Vergilianus Pedo, perished. Dio, lxviii.
| | | |24, 25.
| | | |
| | | |In the spring Trajan marches to Armenia. Sat. vi. 411,
| | | |"Nutare urbes, subsidere terram. "
| | | |
| | | |«Martyrdom of S. Ignatius. »
| | | |
| | 116| 869|Trajan enters Ctesiphon, and takes the title of
| | | |"Parthicus. " Sat. vi. 407, "Instantem regi Armenio
| | | |Parthoque. "
| | | |
|224| 117| 870|Trajan reaches Selinus in Cilicia, and dies in August,
| | | |in his 63d year.
| | | |
| | | |Hadrian, at Antioch, succeeds, in consequence of a
| | | |fictitious adoption managed by Plotina. Cf. Gibbon,
| | | |vol. i. p. 130. To this there is supposed to be
| | | |an allusion in Sat. i. 40, "Optima summi Nunc via
| | | |processus vetulæ vesica beatæ. "
| | | |
| | 118| 871|Hadrian comes to Rome.
| | | |
| | | |This is sixty years after the consulship of Fonteius.
| | | |Cf. A. D. 59. The thirteenth Satire was therefore
| | | |probably written this year. l. 17, "Stupet hæc qui jam
| | | |post terga reliquit Sexaginta annos, Fonteio consule
| | | |natus. " The common story is, that Calvinus, to whom
| | | |this Satire is addressed, was _three years_ Juvenal's
| | | |senior.
| | | |
| | | |Probably the lines in Satire iii. , from 60-113, are
| | | |an interpolation at a period subsequent to the first
| | | |composition of the Satire, and refer to this period.
| | | |Hadrian brought with him from _Antioch_ to Rome many
| | | |foreigners of all professions. Cf. iii. 62, "Jampridem
| | | |Syrus in Tiberim defluxit _Orontes_. " Among these
| | | |he particularly favored Epictetus of Hierapolis in
| | | |Phrygia, Favorinus of Arelate in Gaul, and Dionysius
| | | |of Miletus. To one of these Juvenal may refer in
| | | |Sat. iii. 75, "Quemvis hominem secum attulit ad nos
| | | |Grammaticus, Rhetor, Geometres, Pictor, Aliptes, Augur,
| | | |Schœnobates, Medicus, Magus, omnia novit, Ad summum
| | | |non Maurus erat nec Sarmata nec Thrax," _et seq. _
| | | |Cf. Spartian. Hadrian, c. 5, and especially c. 16,
| | | |where he says, "In summâ familiaritate Epictetum et
| | | |Heliodorum, philosophos, et _grammaticos, Rhetores_,
| | | |musicos, _Geometras, pictores_, astrologos habuit:
| | | |præ cæteris eminente Favorino," where the order is
| | | |rather remarkable. Dionysius of Miletus, moreover,
| | | |was a disciple of Isæus (cf. A. D. 101), l. 73,
| | | |"Ingenium velox audacia perdita, sermo Promptus et Isæo
| | | |torrentior. "
| | | |
| | | |Hadrian, after a four months' consulship, proceeded to
| | | |Campania, and thence to Gaul, Germany, and Britain:
| | | |Juvenal therefore might safely publish this in the
| | | |emperor's absence.
| | | |
| | 119| 872|Hadrian consul with Junius Rusticus.
| | | |
| | | |This is most probably the Junius mentioned Sat. xv.
| | | |27, "Nuper Consule Junio gesta. " Cf. Salmas. , Plin.
| | | |Exercit. p. 320.
| | | |
| | 120| 873|Hadrian's progress through the provinces.
| | | |
| | | |He builds the wall in Britain: "Compositis in Britanniâ
| | | |rebus, transgressus in Galliam. " Spartian. c. 10. This
| | | |may be alluded to, Sat. ii. 160, 161. Cf. Sat. xv. 111.
| | | |
| | | |«Plutarch, æt. 74. »
| | | |
|225| 121| 874|Birth of M. Aurelius.
| | | |
| | 122| 875|Hadrian at Athens.
| | | |
| | | |Artemidorus Capito, the physician, in great repute with
| | | |Hadrian. It is not impossible that he may be alluded to
| | | |under the name of "Heliodorus. " Cf. Sat. vi. 373.
| | | |
| | 124| 877|The eleventh Satire may perhaps be assigned to about
| | | |this date. It was written when Juvenal was advanced in
| | | |years. l. 203, "Nostra bibat vernum contracta cuticula
| | | |solem. "
| | | |
| | | |The excitement about the games in the circus (cf.
| | | |Gibbon, chap. xl. ) was as great as in the days of
| | | |Domitian; and the "green" appears at this time to have
| | | |been a victorious color. Compare Sat. xi. 195, "Totam
| | | |hodie Romam circus capit, et fragor aurem Percutit,
| | | |eventum _viridis_ quo colligo _panni_;" with the
| | | |inscription in Gruter, quoted in Clinton (in ann. ),
| | | |"Primum agitavit in factione _prasinâ_. " «Cf. Mart.
| | | |xiv. Ep. cxxxi. , written long after Domitian's time. »
| | | |
| | 126| 879|Birth of Pertinax.
| | | |
| | | |«Dionysius of Halicarnassus flourishes. »
| | | |
| | 128| 881|Hadrian takes the title of "Pater Patriæ. "
| | | |
|227| 129| 882|Julius Fronto mentioned, as commanding the "Classis
| | | |Prætoria Misenensis. " Cf. A. D. 100.
| | | |
| | 130| 883|In the autumn of this year Hadrian is in Egypt.
| | | |«Compare the Greek inscription quoted by Clinton from
| | | |Eckhel with Sat. xv. 5. »
| | | |
| | | |While on the Nile he lost his favorite Antinous, and
| | | |built a city to his memory, which he called after him.
| | | |It is very probable that the lines, Sat. i. 60, _seq. _,
| | | |referring primarily to Nero and Sporus, may have a
| | | |secondary allusion to Hadrian and Antinous.
| | | |
| | | |«Appian flourished. Galen born. »
| | | |
| | 138| 891|Death of Hadrian in his 63d year.
| | | |

L. E.




APPENDIX, ON THE DATE OF JUVENAL'S SATIRES.


The first Satire appears, from internal evidence, to have been written
subsequently to at least the larger portion of the other Satires. But
in this, as probably in many others, lines were interpolated here and
there, at a period long after the original composition of the main body
of the Satire; the cycle of events reproducing such a combination of
circumstances, that the Satirist could make his shafts come home with
two-fold pungency. For instance, the lines 60 _et seq. _, which probably
were in the first edition of the Satire directed against Nero and his
favorite Sporus, would tell with equal effect against Hadrian and
Antinous.

It is impossible, therefore, from any one given passage, to assign a
date to any of the Satires of Juvenal.