ters, that by Franz Liszt, married Von Bülow,
and subsequently Richard Wagner.
and subsequently Richard Wagner.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v26 to v30 - Tur to Zor and Index
14, 1786, the Baron de Staël.
Holstein, Swedish ambassador at Paris. Her
works include : "Letters on the Character and
Writings of J. J. Rousseau' (1788); Delphine)
(1802), a novel ; (Corinne) (1807); (On Ger-
many) (1810), her best-known work; Liter-
ature in Relation to Social Institutions); (In-
fluence of the Passions on the Welfare of
Individuals and Nations); (The French Revo.
lution,' a posthumous work; etc. *
Stahl, P. J. (stäl). The pseudonym of P. J.
Hetzel, a French publisher and author; born
in Chartres, Jan. 15, 1814; died at Monte Carlo,
March 17, 1886. Of Alsatian origin, he studied
law in Germany when a youth, basing upon
his experiences during this period his first lit-
erary successes : (The Life of a Student);
(The Story of a Snuffler); and others. Among
his popular works, most of which were pub-
lished by himself, may be mentioned : (The
Voyages and Discoveries of Mlle. Lili, and of
her Cousin Lucien); (The Devil at Paris);
(The Wit of Woman and the Woman of Wit.
Stanhope, Lady Hester Lucy, niece of Will-
iam Pitt the younger; born at Chevening,
Kent, England, March 12, 1776; died at Mar
Elias, Syria, June 23, 1839. She was confiden-
tial secretary to Pitt for ten years prior to his
death. In 1810 she visited Syria, Jerusalem,
Damascus, Baalbec, and Palmyra. In 1814 she
established herself in the deserted convent of
Mar Elias, near Sidon, on a crag of Lebanon,
became a benefactress to the poor, and stud-
ied astrology. Her Memoirs) (3 vols. , 1845)
and “Seven Years' Travels) (3 vols. , 1846) were
published by her physician.
Stanhope, Philip Dormer. See Chester-
field.
Stanhope, Philip Henry. Fifth Earl Stan-
hope, better known as Lord Mahon. An Eng-
lish statesman and author; born at Walmer,
Kent, Jan. 31, 1805; died at Bournemouth,
Hampshire, Dec. 24, 1875. He is author of
(History of the War of Succession in Spain)
(1832); History of England from the Peace
of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles, 1713-83)
(7 vols. , 1836-53); (The Life of Louis, Prince
of Condé) (1845); A History of England,
Comprising the Reign of Anne until the Peace
of Utrecht) (1870).
Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn. An English
clergyman and author, best known as Dean
Stanley”; born at Alderley, Cheshire, Dec. 13,
1815; died in Westminster, July 18, 1881 His
principal works are: "The Life and Cor.
respondence of Thomas Arnold (1844); (His-
torical Memorials of Canterbury Cathedral?
(1855); (Lectures on the History of the Jewish
Church) (Vol. i. , 1862; Vol. ii. , 1865; Vol. iii. ,
1876); (Christian Institutions) (1878).
Stanley, Henry Morton. A celebrated ex-
plorer and author; born in Denbigh, Wales, in
1841 ; and now living in London. Originally
named John Rowlands, he was adopted at 15
by a New Orleans merchant, whose name he
took. He served in both the Confederate and
Union armies in the Civil War; was a news-
paper correspondent in Turkey and Abyssinia
## p. 504 (#520) ############################################
STANNARD-STEEL
504
in 1868; and started on the search for Dr.
Livingstone in October 1869, returning in July
1872. He made an exploration of Equatorial
Africa 1874-78; founded the Congo Free State
1879-84; and headed a successful expedition
for the relief of Emin Pasha in 1887-90. He
has been a Member of Parliament since 1896.
His works include: (Coomassie and Magdala)
(1869); How I Found Livingstone) (1872);
(Through the Dark Continent) (1878); (The
Congo and the Founding of its Free State)
(1885); and (In Darkest Africa, the title best
known to general readers in America.
Stannard, Mrs. (Henrietta Eliza Vaughan
Palmer). An English novelist, writing under
the pseudonyms "John Strange Winter) and
( Violet Whyte); born at York, Jan. 13, 1856.
She has written among others : "Cavalry Life)
(1881); (Regimental Legends) (1883); Boo-
tle's Baby) (1885), very popular; (Houp-la)
(1885); (A Siege Baby) (1887); etc.
Stanton, Mrs. Elizabeth (Cady). An Amer-
ican reformer and advocate of woman's rights;
born in Johnstown, N. Y. , Nov. 12, 1815. She
called the first convention in behalf of woman
suffrage, July 18, 1848. Besides numerous ad-
dresses and pamphlets, she wrote - jointly with
Susan B. Anthony and F. Gage -a (History of
Woman's Suffrage) (4 vols. , 1880-86); and ed-
ited, with others, The Revolution (established
1868).
Stanton, Henry Brewster. An American
journalist, reformer, and abolitionist; born in
Griswold, Conn. , June 29, 1805; died in New
York, Jan. 14, 1887. He married Elizabeth Cady
in 1840. He was active in the anti-slavery
movements (1837-41), was admitted to the bar,
and gained reputation in patent law (1847);
assisted in organizing the Republican party
(1858–60); and from 1868 was an editor of the
New York Sun. He contributed to the Liber-
ator, wrote much for periodicals, and published :
(Sketches of Reform and Reformers in Great
Britain and Ireland) (1849); and (Random Rec-
ollections) (1886).
Stanton, Theodore. An American journal-
ist, son of H. B. and Elizabeth Cady; born in
Seneca Falls, N. Y. , Feb. 10, 1851. He was a
correspondent for the Tribune at Berlin from
1880, and is now engaged as a journalist in
Paris. He translated Goff's Life of Thiers)
(1879), and wrote (The Woman Question in
Europe) (1884).
Statham, Francis Reginald. An English
poet and miscellaneous writer.
He wrote:
Alice Rushton and Other Poems) (1868); (Gla-
phyra and Other Poems) (1870); Eucharis :
A Poem (1871); (The Second Growth of the
Nineteenth Century) (1872); (The Zulu Inquiry)
(1880); Blacks, Boers, and British: A Three-
Cornered Problem (1881); (Free Thought and
True Thought) (1884).
Statius, Publius Papinius (stā'shi-us). A
Roman poet ; born at Naples about 45 A. D. ;
died there about 96 A. D. His chief work is
(The Thebaid, an epic poem in twelve books,
dealing with the struggle between the brothers
Eteocles and Polynices of Thebes. Of his epic
(Achilleis 'only fragments remain. His Silvæ,
a series of occasional stanzas, are 32 in num-
ber, extending to nearly 4,000 lines, and are
deemed his most pleasing work. *
stchedrin (tched ren ), pseudonym of Mi-
khail Evgrafovich Saltykov. A Russian satir-
ical writer ; born in the government of Tver,
Jan. 15, 1826; died in St. Petersburg, May 10,
1889. He is classed among the best satirical
writers of his country. Among his best-known
works are : (Satires in Prose) and (Innocent
Tales, both published in 1863; Diary of a
Provincial); (The People of Tashkend"; etc.
Some of his works have been translated into
English, French, and German.
Stead, William Thomas. An English jour-
nalist; born at Embleton, Northumberland, July
5, 1849. He is widely known as editor of the
Pall Mall Gazette and the Review of Reviews,
which last he founded in January 1890. He
published (The Maiden Tribute of Modern
Babylon) (1885). In 1893 he established Bor-
derland, a periodical devoted to Spiritualism.
(If Christ Came to Chicago) is another of his
publications.
Stearns, Frank Preston. An American lit-
térateur and art critic, nephew of Lydia Maria
Child; born in Massachusetts, 1846, and living
in Boston. He has written : (The Real 'and
Ideal in Literature); Life of Tintoretto'; (The
Midsummer of Italian Art); (Sketches from
Concord to Appledore); Modern English
Prose); and (Summer Travel in Europe.
Stebbins, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth (Moore)
(Hewett). An American poet; born in Mas-
sachusetts, 1818. She has published : Memo-
rial of F. S. Osgood ); (Songs of Our Lord);
Heroines of History); and Poems Sacred,
Passionate, and Legendary. ?
Stedman, Edmund Clarence. A distin-
guished American man of letters ; born in
Hartford, Conn. , Oct. 8, 1833. Aside from his
original works, his services to literature, both
foreign and American, have been very great.
His Library of American Literature,' eleven
volumes, edited with Miss Hutchinson, was
published in 1890-92; “Victorian Anthology) in
1895; Victorian Poets, 1875; (Poets of Amer-
ica, 1886; Nature and Elements of Poetry;)
1892; the Complete Edition of Poe, edited
with Professor Woodberry, 1895. His poems
and other works are very numerous, and have
been published in a volume called A House-
hold Edition, 1884; and in "Poems Now First
Collected, 1897. *
Steel, Flora Annie, Mrs. An English nov-
elist; born (Webster) at Harrow-on-the-Hill,
Middlesex, April 2, 1847. At 21 she married
an Indian civilian and went to Bengal, where
she became prominent in educational affairs,
and was appointed inspectress of female
## p. 505 (#521) ############################################
STEELE – STERN
505
schools. On the expiration of her husband's
term of service, she returned with him to
England and devoted herself to literary work.
Her published works include : From the Five
Rivers) (1893); “Miss Stuart's Legacy) (1893);
(The Potter's Thumb) (1894); (On the Face
of the Waters) (1897), a stirring tale of the
Indian Mutiny.
Steele, Sir Richard. A British author and
dramatist; born in Dublin, March 1672; died
at Llangunnor, Wales, Sept. I, 1729. He pub-
lished in 1701 (The Christian Hero); in the
latter part of the same year he brought out
his first comedy, (The Funeral, which was
followed by (The Lying Lover) (1703), and
(The Tender Husband (1705). His fame rests
upon his connection with the Tatler and the
Spectator. The Tatler (1709-11) contained 271
numbers: 188 were by Steele, 42 by Addison,
and 36 by both conjointly. Of 555 numbers of
the Spectator, 236 were by Steele and 274 by
Addison. *
Steele, Thomas Sedgwick. An American
artist and writer on out-of-door sports and
travel ; born in Connecticut in 1845. He has pub-
lished: (Canoe and Camera: A Tour through
the Maine Forests); (Paddle and Portage from
Moosehead Lake to the Aroostook River); (A
Voyage to Vikingland. '
Steendam, Jacob. The first poet of New
York; born in Holland, 1616. The date and
place of his death are not known. He lived
in New Netherlands, 1632-62; and wrote a
small volume of verse, Jacob Steendam noch
vaster,' which was reprinted with memoir of the
author (The Hague, 1861). The poems are de-
scriptive of life in the colony, and are entitled :
Der Distelvink) (The Thistle Finch); (Klacht
van Nieuw Amsterdam) (The Complaint of
New Amsterdam); (Tlofran Nieuw Nederland
(The Praise of New Netherlands); and Prichel
Vaarsen (Spurring Verses).
Stendhal. See Beyle.
Stephen, Leslie. A distinguished English
critic and man of letters; born in London, Nov.
28, 1832. He was educated at Cambridge, and
subsequently edited leading London periodicals.
His greatest undertaking was the Dictionary
of National Biography, in about 60 volumes,
of which he edited the first 26. The work is
still in course of publication. He has pub-
lished: (Hours in a Library) (1871-79); “Essays
on Free Thinking and Plain Speaking (1873);
History of English Thought in the Eighteenth
Century) (1876); (Science of Ethics) (1882);
(Life of Henry Fawcett) (1885); (An Agnostic's
Apology) (1893); "Life of Sir James Fitzjames
Stephen' (1896); (Social Rights and Duties)
(1896); etc.
Stephens, Alexander Hamilton. An Ameri-
can statesman, vice-president of the Southern
Confederacy; born at Crawfordsville, Ga. , Feb.
II, 1812; died March 4, 1883. He wrote a
(Constitutional View of the War between the
States) (1867-70).
Stephens, Ann Sophia (Winterbotham).
An American novelist; born in Derby, Conn. ,
1813; died in Newport, R. I. , Aug. 20, 1886.
After 1837 she resided in New York, and was
at different times engaged in editorial work.
Most noted of her poems is “The Polish Boy,'
and of her novels (Fashion and Famine) (1854).
Among her other publications are: (The Old
Homestead (1855; 2 vols. , 1860); (Sibyl Chase)
(1862); and Ahmo's Plot) (1863).
Stephens, Charles Asbury. An American
story-writer; born in Maine, 1845. He has pub-
lished: (Camping Out); (Off the Geysers);
(Left on Labrador); (Fox-Hunting); (On the
Amazon); (The Young Moose-Hunters); (The
Knock-About Club in the Woods, and the
same (Alongshore) and (In the Tropics.
Stephens, James Brunton. An Australian
poet and story-writer; born at Borrowstounness
in Linlithgowshire, Scotland. He is author of
(Convict Once: A Poem (1871); (The Black
Gin, and Other Poems) (1874); (A Hundred
Pounds: A Novelette (1876); Miscellaneous
Poems) (1880).
Stephens, John Lloyd. An American trav-
eler, the first modern explorer in Yucatan; born
in Shrewsbury, N. J. , Nov. 28, 1805 ; died in New
York city, Oct. 10, 1852. He wrote a series of
letters on travel in the East, entitled “Incidents
of Travel in Egypt, Arabia Petræa, and the
Holy Land' (2 vols. , 1837); followed by (Inci-
dents of Travel in Greece, Russia, Turkey, and
Poland) (1838); (Incidents of Travel in Cen-
tral America, Chiapas, and Yucatan) (1841);
and supplemental volumes of explorations and
(Travel in Yucatan) (2 vols. , 1843).
Stepniak, Sergius Michael Dragomanov
(S. Karchevsky) (step'nyäk). A noted Rus-
sian nihilist; born at Gadjatch, government of
Poltava, 1841. Having been exiled in 1876, on
account of his criticisms on the system followed
by Count Tolstoy, one of the Ministers of
Justice, he settled in Geneva, 1887; went from
there to London in 1885. Among his works
are (The Turks Within and Without' (1876);
(Underground Russia' (1881); (Tyrannicide in
Russia) (1881); (The Career of a Nihilist, a
novel (1889).
Sterling, John. A Scottish editor, essayist,
and poet; born at Kames Castle, Isle of Bute,
July 20, 1806; died at Ventnor, Isle of Wight,
Sept. 18, 1844. He was educated at Glasgow
and Cambridge. Among his works are : (Ar-
thur Coningsby,' a novel (1833); (Minor Poems)
(1839); “The Election, a poem (1841); (Straf-
ford,' a drama (1843); and (The Onyx Ring'
(1856). Thomas Carlyle wrote (The Life of
John Sterling (1851).
Stern, Daniel, pseudonym of Marie Cath-
erine Sophie de Flavigny, Comtesse d'Agoult
(dä-gö'). A famous French writer; born at
Frankfort on the Main, Dec. 31, 1805; died at
Paris, March 5, 1876. One of her three daugh.
ters, that by Franz Liszt, married Von Bülow,
and subsequently Richard Wagner. Her works
## p. 506 (#522) ############################################
506
STERNDALE-STEWART
include : (Moral and Political Essays) (1849);
(History of the Revolution of 1848) (1851);
and Nélida, an autobiographical romance
which attracted much attention.
Sterndale, Robert Armitage. An English
naturalist and story-writer. He is the author
of (Seonee; or, Camp-Life on the Satpura
Range) (1877); (The Afghan Knife) (1879);
(A Natural History of the Mammalia of India,
etc. (1884); “Denizens of the Jungles.
Sterne, Laurence. A celebrated English
novelist; born at Clonmel, Ireland, Nov. 24,
1713; died in London, March 18, 1768. Of
(Tristram Shandy, Vols. i. and ii. were pub-
lished in 1760; iii. and iv. in December 1700;
v. and vi. in 1762; vii. and viii. in 1765; ix. in
1767. A Sentimental Journey through France
and Italy) was published in 1768; “The Ser.
mons of Mr. Yorick) in 1760, as a companion
to Tristram Shandy. Posthumously appeared
(Letters to his Most Intimate Friends) (1775). *
Stesichorus (stē-sik'o-rus). A Greek lyric
poet; born at Himera, Sicily, about 630 B. C. ;
died in Catania, about 556 B. C. Only frag-
ments of his works remain; but he appears to
have dealt with epic subjects, among them the
sieges of Troy and Thebes, in lyrical measures.
He is looked upon as the greatest of the Dorian
lyrists, and is often styled “the lyric Homer. ”
The ancients fabled that he was stricken blind
for slandering Helen, but upon retracting his
calumnies regained his sight.
Stetson, Charlotte Perkins. An American
poet; born in Hartford, Conn. She has pub-
lished a volume of poems, 'In This our World)
(San Francisco, 1893).
Stevens, Abel. An American author, editor,
and Methodist clergyman; born in Philadel-
phia, Jan. 19, 1815. He was editor of the Meth-
odist 1865-74; subsequently traveled extensively,
and settled in Geneva, Switzerland. He wrote
many denominational books, among them :
(Essay on Church Polity) (1847); Memorials
of the Introduction of Methodism into the
Eastern States) (1847-52); (History of the Re-
ligious Movement of the Eighteenth Century
called Methodism' (3 vols. , 1858–61); (History
of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United
States) (4 vols. , 1864–67), a standard authority
on this subject. He wrote also a German trans-
lation (1867); (The Centenary of American
Methodism) (1865); ( The Women of Method-
ism,' etc. (1866); (Madame de Staël) (2 vols. ,
1881); (Character Sketches) (1882); (Christian
Work) (1882); (Tales from the Parsonage);
besides several volumes of memoirs.
Stevens, Henry. An American bibliogra-
pher; born in Barnet, Vt. , Aug. 24, 1819; died
in South Hampstead, England, Feb. 28, 1886.
He was a prominent collector and authority
on (Americana,' and the agent for many
American libraries. He published: (Catalogue
Raisonné of English Bibles) (1854); (Histor-
ical Collections ); ( Historical and Geographical
Notes);' Bibliotheca Americana' (1861); Bibles
in the Caxton Exhibition) (1878); Indexes to
State Papers in London Relating to Virginia,
Maryland, Rhode Island, and New Jersey);
edited (The Dawn of British Trade to the
East Indies) (1886); etc.
Stevens, John Austin. An American histor.
ical author; born in New York city, Jan. 21, 1827.
He was secretary of the Chamber of Commerce,
librarian of the New York Historical Society,
and has made a special study of American his-
tory. He founded and for many years conducted
the Magazine of American History. His works
include : (The Valley of the Rio Grande (1864);
(Colonial Records of the New York Chamber
of Commerce) (1867); “The Expedition of La-
fayette against Arnold (1878); "Life of Albert
Gallatin (1883); and others.
Stevenson, Edward Irenæus. An American
journalist and littérateur of New York city;
born in New Jersey, 1858. He is in editorial
connection with the New York Independent
since 1881, and also with Harper's Weekly and
several musical journals. He has published:
(White Cockades); Janus,' reprinted as A
Matter of Temperament,' a musical novel; Left
to Themselves,' reprinted as Philip and Ger-
ald);(Mrs. Dee's Encore); (A Square of Sevens.
Stevenson, Robert Louis Balfour. A dis-
tinguished Scotch novelist, poet, and essayist;
born in Edinburgh, Nov. 13, 1850; died at Apia,
Samoa, Dec. 3, 1894. He published: (An In-
land Voyage) (1878); (Edinburgh: Picturesque
Notes) (1878); (Travels with a Donkey in the
Cévennes) (1879); (Virginibus Puerisque, and
Other Papers) (1881); (Familiar Studies of Men
and Books) (1882); New Arabian Nights)
(1882); (Treasure Island (1883); “The Silver-
ado Squatters) (1883); (The Dynamiter: More
New Arabian Nights) (1885), with Mrs. Ste-
venson; A Child's Garden of Verse) (1885);
(Prince Otto) (1885); (The Strange Case of
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde) (1886); (Kidnapped
(1886); (Underwoods) (1887); (The Merry Men
and Other Tales) (1887); (Memoirs and Por-
traits) (1887); (The Black Arrow) (1888); “The
Master of Ballantrae) (1889); (Ballads) (1891);
(The Wrecker) (1891-92); A Foot-Note to His-
tory: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa) (1892);
(David Balfour) (1893); "Island Nights' Enter-
tainments) (1893): (The Ebb Tide' (1894);
(Weir of Hermiston' and (St. Ives) (1895-90),
the last two left not quite complete. *
Stewart, Balfour. A Scotch physicist, one
of the founders of spectrum analysis; born
in Edinburgh, Nov. 1, 1828; died near Drogh-
eda, Ireland, Dec. 19, 1887. He established
his scientific reputation with a work on 'Radi-
ant leat) (1858), in which he formulated his
discovery of the equality of the emissive and
absorptive powers of bodies. Other works in-
clude: (Treatise on Heat) (1866; 5th ed. 1888);
( Elements of Physics) (1870; 4th ed. 1891);
(Conservation of Energy) (1873; 7th ed. 1887).
With Professor Tait he published “The Unseen
Universe ; or, Physical Speculations on a Future
State) (1875; 17th ed. 1890).
(
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STEWART-STODDARD
507
>
Stewart, Dugald. A distinguished Scotch
philosopher; born in Edinburgh, Nov. 22, 1753:
died June 11, 1828. His philosophy was “a
following-up of the reaction commenced by
Reid against the skeptical results that Berke-
ley and Hume drew from the principles of
Locke. He published : (Elements of the Phi-
losophy of the Human Mind) (Vol. i. , 1792;
Vol. ii. , 1814; Vol. iii. , 1827); (Outlines of Moral
Philosophy) (1793); Philosophical Essays)
(1810); Dissertation on the History of Ethical
Philosophy) (1815-21); Philosophy of the Act-
ive and Moral Powers) (1828).
Stifter, Adalbert (stif'ter). An Austrian
poet and story-writer; born at Oberplan, in
the German Böhmerwald, Oct. 23, 1806; died
at Linz, Jan. 28, 1868. His first volume of
idyls and tales, (Studies) (1844), was received
with extraordinary public favor; it was suc-
ceeded by five other volumes under the same
title. Of his longer stories the more note-
worthy are “The Successor (1857) and “Witiko)
(1864).
Still, John. An English writer of comedy;
born at Grantham in Lincolnshire, about 1543;
died bishop of Bath and Wells, Feb. 26, 1607.
He is reputed to be the author of "A ryght
pithy, pleasant, and merrie comedy, intytuled
Gammer Gurton's Needle » (1575): it is believed
to be the third English comedy. In the first
act occurs the familiar old ballad "I cannot
eat but little meat, with chorus, Backe and
side go bare, go bare, supposed to be the first
drinking-song in the language.
Still, William. An American philanthropist
and anti-slavery advocate, of African descent;
born in Shamony, N. J. , Oct. 7, 1821. He was
chairman and secretary of the Philadelphia
branch of the famous "underground railroad »
of 1851-61, and wrote out the narratives of
escaping slaves, which constitute the only
full account of this organization. His works
include: (The Underground Railroad' (1878);
(Voting and Laboring); and (Struggle for the
Rights of the Colored People of Philadelphia.
Stillé, Charles Janeway. An American edu-
cator and writer ; born in Philadelphia, 1819.
He was long provost of the University of
Pennsylvania. He has published: (Historical
Development of American Civilization); (Stud-
ies in Mediæval Civilization); Beaumarchais
and the Lost Million); History of the United
States Sanitary Commission'; (How a Free
People Conduct a Long War); (Northern In-
terest and Southern Independence); John
Dickinson); ' Anthony Wayne); etc.
Stillman, William James. An American
essayist of note, resident in Rome; born at
Schenectady, N. Y. , June 1, 1828. He was for
many years a correspondent of the London
Times and the New York Evening Post, and
is especially conversant with the affairs of
Greece; he was consul-general to Crete, 1865-
69. His published works are: (The Acropolis
of Athens) (1870); (The Cretan Insurrection)
(1874); Herzegovina and the Late Uprising
(1877); “On the Track of Ulysses) (1887). *
Stimson, Frederic Jesup. ["J. S. of Dale. ”]
An American novelist and lawyer; born in
Dedham, Mass. , July 20, 1855. His works of
fiction have been widely read, and his legal
text-books are authoritative. He has pub-
lished: (Labor in its Relations to Law); and
(Handbook of the Labor Laws of the United
States. His celebrity as a novelist is due to
his (The Crime of Henry Vane); (The King's
Men'; (The Residuary Legatee); (The Sen-
timental Calendar); 'In the Three Zones);
(First Harvests); (Pirate Gold); (King No-
anett); (Guerndale); etc.
Stinde, Julius (stind'e). A German novel-
ist and miscellaneous writer; born at Kirch-
Nüchel in Holstein, Aug. 28, 1841. Among
his writings are: (Talks on Natural Science)
(1873); several comedies in Plattdeutsch, as
(Aunt Lotta); (The Karstens Family); two
Christmas stories, Princess Thousandfair) and
(Prince Naughty); (Berlin Art Criticism, with
Marginal Notes by Quidam) (1883); and an
amusing series of stories of (The Buchholz
Family.
Stirling-Maxwell, William, Sir (ster'ling.
maks'wel). A Scottish biographer and art
critic; born near Glasgow, 1818; died at Ven-
ice, Jan. 15, 1878. He was Member of Par-
liament, 1852–78; rector of the University of
St. Andrews, 1863; of that of Glasgow, 1872;
chancellor of the latter, 1875. He wrote the
valuable works: Annals of the Artists of
Spain) (3 vols. , 1848); (Cloister Life of Charles
V. (1852); (Velasquez and his Works) (1855);
and others.
Stockton, Frank Richard. An American
writer of humorous fiction ; born in Philadelphia,
April 5, 1834. Included among his popular
works are: (Rudder Grange); (The Lady,
or the Tiger? ); (The Casting Away of Mrs.
Lecks and Mrs. Aleshine); (The Dusantes, a
sequel to the preceding; (The Bee-Man of
Orn, and Other Fanciful Tales); (Tales Out
of School); ( The Hundredth Man'; (The Late
Mrs. Null); (Adventures of Captain Horn);
(The Great Stone of Sardis); etc. *
Stoddard, Charles Warren. An American
poet and miscellaneous writer; born in Roches-
ter, N. Y. , Aug. 7, 1843. He is a lecturer on
English literature in the Catholic University of
America, Washington, D. C. , and is the author
of Poems); (South-Sea Idyls); Mashallah);
(The Lepers of Molokai); (Summer Cruising
in the South Seas); etc.
Stoddard, Elizabeth Drew (Barstow). An
American novelist and poet; born in Matta-
poisett, Mass. , May 6, 1823. She is the wife of
R. H. , and the author of three distinguished
novels, (The Morgesons) (1862), (Two Men)
(1865), « Temple House, illustrative of English
character and scenery (1867); and (Lolly Dink's
Doings, a story for young readers (1874). Her
poetical works have not been collected. *
## p. 508 (#524) ############################################
508
STODDARD-STORY
Stoddard, Richard Henry. An American
lyric poet of distinction; born at Hingham,
Mass. , July 2, 1825. His poems have been pub-
lished under the titles : (Songs of Summer)
(1856); (Abraham Lincoln: A Horatian Ode)
(1865); collectively, under "Poems) (1880), and
(The Lion's Cub) (1890). He has been a resi-
dent of New York, and at times the literary
editor of the New York World, and now of the
New York Mail and Express. *
Stoddard, William Osborn. An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born in
Homer, N. Y. , Sept. 24, 1835. He has been con-
nected editorially with various journals, and was
private secretary of President Lincoln, 1861-64.
His publications include: Verses of Many
Days) (1875); Dab Kinzer) (1881); (The Vol-
cano under the City) (1887); and Lives of the
Presidents) (1886-90). He has also written many
books popular among boys.
Stokes, Henry Sewell. An English verse-
writer; born at Gibraltar, 1808. He wrote : Lay
of the Desert: A Poem' (1830); “Song of Al-
bion,' etc. ; Vale of Lanberne,' etc. (new ed.
1852); “Echoes of the War,' etc. (1855); “Scat-
tered Leaves) (1862); (Rhymes from Cornwall)
(1871); Memories : A Life's Epilogue) (1872);
(Poems of Later Years) (1873); (Restormel :
A Legend of Piers Gaveston, the Patriot Priest;
and Other Verses) (1874); Lantrydock: An
Elegy) (1883); (Voyage of Arundel, and Other
Rhymes from Cornwall) (1884).
Stolberg, Christian, Graf von (stol’berg).
A German poet; born at Hamburg, Oct. 15,
1748; died at Windebye in Holstein, Jan. 18,
1821. Most of his poems were published with
those of his brother Friedrich Leopold in
1779. lle wrote two “choral plays,” (Baltha-
sar) and (Otanes! (1787); (Poems of Father-
land' (1815); (Poems from the Greek) (1782);
and a translation of Sophocles (2 vols. , 1787).
Stolberg, Friedrich Leopold, Graf von. A
German poet and general writer, brother of
Christian; born at Bramstedt in Holstein, Nov.
7, 1750; died at Sondermühlen near Osna-
brück, Dec.
Holstein, Swedish ambassador at Paris. Her
works include : "Letters on the Character and
Writings of J. J. Rousseau' (1788); Delphine)
(1802), a novel ; (Corinne) (1807); (On Ger-
many) (1810), her best-known work; Liter-
ature in Relation to Social Institutions); (In-
fluence of the Passions on the Welfare of
Individuals and Nations); (The French Revo.
lution,' a posthumous work; etc. *
Stahl, P. J. (stäl). The pseudonym of P. J.
Hetzel, a French publisher and author; born
in Chartres, Jan. 15, 1814; died at Monte Carlo,
March 17, 1886. Of Alsatian origin, he studied
law in Germany when a youth, basing upon
his experiences during this period his first lit-
erary successes : (The Life of a Student);
(The Story of a Snuffler); and others. Among
his popular works, most of which were pub-
lished by himself, may be mentioned : (The
Voyages and Discoveries of Mlle. Lili, and of
her Cousin Lucien); (The Devil at Paris);
(The Wit of Woman and the Woman of Wit.
Stanhope, Lady Hester Lucy, niece of Will-
iam Pitt the younger; born at Chevening,
Kent, England, March 12, 1776; died at Mar
Elias, Syria, June 23, 1839. She was confiden-
tial secretary to Pitt for ten years prior to his
death. In 1810 she visited Syria, Jerusalem,
Damascus, Baalbec, and Palmyra. In 1814 she
established herself in the deserted convent of
Mar Elias, near Sidon, on a crag of Lebanon,
became a benefactress to the poor, and stud-
ied astrology. Her Memoirs) (3 vols. , 1845)
and “Seven Years' Travels) (3 vols. , 1846) were
published by her physician.
Stanhope, Philip Dormer. See Chester-
field.
Stanhope, Philip Henry. Fifth Earl Stan-
hope, better known as Lord Mahon. An Eng-
lish statesman and author; born at Walmer,
Kent, Jan. 31, 1805; died at Bournemouth,
Hampshire, Dec. 24, 1875. He is author of
(History of the War of Succession in Spain)
(1832); History of England from the Peace
of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles, 1713-83)
(7 vols. , 1836-53); (The Life of Louis, Prince
of Condé) (1845); A History of England,
Comprising the Reign of Anne until the Peace
of Utrecht) (1870).
Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn. An English
clergyman and author, best known as Dean
Stanley”; born at Alderley, Cheshire, Dec. 13,
1815; died in Westminster, July 18, 1881 His
principal works are: "The Life and Cor.
respondence of Thomas Arnold (1844); (His-
torical Memorials of Canterbury Cathedral?
(1855); (Lectures on the History of the Jewish
Church) (Vol. i. , 1862; Vol. ii. , 1865; Vol. iii. ,
1876); (Christian Institutions) (1878).
Stanley, Henry Morton. A celebrated ex-
plorer and author; born in Denbigh, Wales, in
1841 ; and now living in London. Originally
named John Rowlands, he was adopted at 15
by a New Orleans merchant, whose name he
took. He served in both the Confederate and
Union armies in the Civil War; was a news-
paper correspondent in Turkey and Abyssinia
## p. 504 (#520) ############################################
STANNARD-STEEL
504
in 1868; and started on the search for Dr.
Livingstone in October 1869, returning in July
1872. He made an exploration of Equatorial
Africa 1874-78; founded the Congo Free State
1879-84; and headed a successful expedition
for the relief of Emin Pasha in 1887-90. He
has been a Member of Parliament since 1896.
His works include: (Coomassie and Magdala)
(1869); How I Found Livingstone) (1872);
(Through the Dark Continent) (1878); (The
Congo and the Founding of its Free State)
(1885); and (In Darkest Africa, the title best
known to general readers in America.
Stannard, Mrs. (Henrietta Eliza Vaughan
Palmer). An English novelist, writing under
the pseudonyms "John Strange Winter) and
( Violet Whyte); born at York, Jan. 13, 1856.
She has written among others : "Cavalry Life)
(1881); (Regimental Legends) (1883); Boo-
tle's Baby) (1885), very popular; (Houp-la)
(1885); (A Siege Baby) (1887); etc.
Stanton, Mrs. Elizabeth (Cady). An Amer-
ican reformer and advocate of woman's rights;
born in Johnstown, N. Y. , Nov. 12, 1815. She
called the first convention in behalf of woman
suffrage, July 18, 1848. Besides numerous ad-
dresses and pamphlets, she wrote - jointly with
Susan B. Anthony and F. Gage -a (History of
Woman's Suffrage) (4 vols. , 1880-86); and ed-
ited, with others, The Revolution (established
1868).
Stanton, Henry Brewster. An American
journalist, reformer, and abolitionist; born in
Griswold, Conn. , June 29, 1805; died in New
York, Jan. 14, 1887. He married Elizabeth Cady
in 1840. He was active in the anti-slavery
movements (1837-41), was admitted to the bar,
and gained reputation in patent law (1847);
assisted in organizing the Republican party
(1858–60); and from 1868 was an editor of the
New York Sun. He contributed to the Liber-
ator, wrote much for periodicals, and published :
(Sketches of Reform and Reformers in Great
Britain and Ireland) (1849); and (Random Rec-
ollections) (1886).
Stanton, Theodore. An American journal-
ist, son of H. B. and Elizabeth Cady; born in
Seneca Falls, N. Y. , Feb. 10, 1851. He was a
correspondent for the Tribune at Berlin from
1880, and is now engaged as a journalist in
Paris. He translated Goff's Life of Thiers)
(1879), and wrote (The Woman Question in
Europe) (1884).
Statham, Francis Reginald. An English
poet and miscellaneous writer.
He wrote:
Alice Rushton and Other Poems) (1868); (Gla-
phyra and Other Poems) (1870); Eucharis :
A Poem (1871); (The Second Growth of the
Nineteenth Century) (1872); (The Zulu Inquiry)
(1880); Blacks, Boers, and British: A Three-
Cornered Problem (1881); (Free Thought and
True Thought) (1884).
Statius, Publius Papinius (stā'shi-us). A
Roman poet ; born at Naples about 45 A. D. ;
died there about 96 A. D. His chief work is
(The Thebaid, an epic poem in twelve books,
dealing with the struggle between the brothers
Eteocles and Polynices of Thebes. Of his epic
(Achilleis 'only fragments remain. His Silvæ,
a series of occasional stanzas, are 32 in num-
ber, extending to nearly 4,000 lines, and are
deemed his most pleasing work. *
stchedrin (tched ren ), pseudonym of Mi-
khail Evgrafovich Saltykov. A Russian satir-
ical writer ; born in the government of Tver,
Jan. 15, 1826; died in St. Petersburg, May 10,
1889. He is classed among the best satirical
writers of his country. Among his best-known
works are : (Satires in Prose) and (Innocent
Tales, both published in 1863; Diary of a
Provincial); (The People of Tashkend"; etc.
Some of his works have been translated into
English, French, and German.
Stead, William Thomas. An English jour-
nalist; born at Embleton, Northumberland, July
5, 1849. He is widely known as editor of the
Pall Mall Gazette and the Review of Reviews,
which last he founded in January 1890. He
published (The Maiden Tribute of Modern
Babylon) (1885). In 1893 he established Bor-
derland, a periodical devoted to Spiritualism.
(If Christ Came to Chicago) is another of his
publications.
Stearns, Frank Preston. An American lit-
térateur and art critic, nephew of Lydia Maria
Child; born in Massachusetts, 1846, and living
in Boston. He has written : (The Real 'and
Ideal in Literature); Life of Tintoretto'; (The
Midsummer of Italian Art); (Sketches from
Concord to Appledore); Modern English
Prose); and (Summer Travel in Europe.
Stebbins, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth (Moore)
(Hewett). An American poet; born in Mas-
sachusetts, 1818. She has published : Memo-
rial of F. S. Osgood ); (Songs of Our Lord);
Heroines of History); and Poems Sacred,
Passionate, and Legendary. ?
Stedman, Edmund Clarence. A distin-
guished American man of letters ; born in
Hartford, Conn. , Oct. 8, 1833. Aside from his
original works, his services to literature, both
foreign and American, have been very great.
His Library of American Literature,' eleven
volumes, edited with Miss Hutchinson, was
published in 1890-92; “Victorian Anthology) in
1895; Victorian Poets, 1875; (Poets of Amer-
ica, 1886; Nature and Elements of Poetry;)
1892; the Complete Edition of Poe, edited
with Professor Woodberry, 1895. His poems
and other works are very numerous, and have
been published in a volume called A House-
hold Edition, 1884; and in "Poems Now First
Collected, 1897. *
Steel, Flora Annie, Mrs. An English nov-
elist; born (Webster) at Harrow-on-the-Hill,
Middlesex, April 2, 1847. At 21 she married
an Indian civilian and went to Bengal, where
she became prominent in educational affairs,
and was appointed inspectress of female
## p. 505 (#521) ############################################
STEELE – STERN
505
schools. On the expiration of her husband's
term of service, she returned with him to
England and devoted herself to literary work.
Her published works include : From the Five
Rivers) (1893); “Miss Stuart's Legacy) (1893);
(The Potter's Thumb) (1894); (On the Face
of the Waters) (1897), a stirring tale of the
Indian Mutiny.
Steele, Sir Richard. A British author and
dramatist; born in Dublin, March 1672; died
at Llangunnor, Wales, Sept. I, 1729. He pub-
lished in 1701 (The Christian Hero); in the
latter part of the same year he brought out
his first comedy, (The Funeral, which was
followed by (The Lying Lover) (1703), and
(The Tender Husband (1705). His fame rests
upon his connection with the Tatler and the
Spectator. The Tatler (1709-11) contained 271
numbers: 188 were by Steele, 42 by Addison,
and 36 by both conjointly. Of 555 numbers of
the Spectator, 236 were by Steele and 274 by
Addison. *
Steele, Thomas Sedgwick. An American
artist and writer on out-of-door sports and
travel ; born in Connecticut in 1845. He has pub-
lished: (Canoe and Camera: A Tour through
the Maine Forests); (Paddle and Portage from
Moosehead Lake to the Aroostook River); (A
Voyage to Vikingland. '
Steendam, Jacob. The first poet of New
York; born in Holland, 1616. The date and
place of his death are not known. He lived
in New Netherlands, 1632-62; and wrote a
small volume of verse, Jacob Steendam noch
vaster,' which was reprinted with memoir of the
author (The Hague, 1861). The poems are de-
scriptive of life in the colony, and are entitled :
Der Distelvink) (The Thistle Finch); (Klacht
van Nieuw Amsterdam) (The Complaint of
New Amsterdam); (Tlofran Nieuw Nederland
(The Praise of New Netherlands); and Prichel
Vaarsen (Spurring Verses).
Stendhal. See Beyle.
Stephen, Leslie. A distinguished English
critic and man of letters; born in London, Nov.
28, 1832. He was educated at Cambridge, and
subsequently edited leading London periodicals.
His greatest undertaking was the Dictionary
of National Biography, in about 60 volumes,
of which he edited the first 26. The work is
still in course of publication. He has pub-
lished: (Hours in a Library) (1871-79); “Essays
on Free Thinking and Plain Speaking (1873);
History of English Thought in the Eighteenth
Century) (1876); (Science of Ethics) (1882);
(Life of Henry Fawcett) (1885); (An Agnostic's
Apology) (1893); "Life of Sir James Fitzjames
Stephen' (1896); (Social Rights and Duties)
(1896); etc.
Stephens, Alexander Hamilton. An Ameri-
can statesman, vice-president of the Southern
Confederacy; born at Crawfordsville, Ga. , Feb.
II, 1812; died March 4, 1883. He wrote a
(Constitutional View of the War between the
States) (1867-70).
Stephens, Ann Sophia (Winterbotham).
An American novelist; born in Derby, Conn. ,
1813; died in Newport, R. I. , Aug. 20, 1886.
After 1837 she resided in New York, and was
at different times engaged in editorial work.
Most noted of her poems is “The Polish Boy,'
and of her novels (Fashion and Famine) (1854).
Among her other publications are: (The Old
Homestead (1855; 2 vols. , 1860); (Sibyl Chase)
(1862); and Ahmo's Plot) (1863).
Stephens, Charles Asbury. An American
story-writer; born in Maine, 1845. He has pub-
lished: (Camping Out); (Off the Geysers);
(Left on Labrador); (Fox-Hunting); (On the
Amazon); (The Young Moose-Hunters); (The
Knock-About Club in the Woods, and the
same (Alongshore) and (In the Tropics.
Stephens, James Brunton. An Australian
poet and story-writer; born at Borrowstounness
in Linlithgowshire, Scotland. He is author of
(Convict Once: A Poem (1871); (The Black
Gin, and Other Poems) (1874); (A Hundred
Pounds: A Novelette (1876); Miscellaneous
Poems) (1880).
Stephens, John Lloyd. An American trav-
eler, the first modern explorer in Yucatan; born
in Shrewsbury, N. J. , Nov. 28, 1805 ; died in New
York city, Oct. 10, 1852. He wrote a series of
letters on travel in the East, entitled “Incidents
of Travel in Egypt, Arabia Petræa, and the
Holy Land' (2 vols. , 1837); followed by (Inci-
dents of Travel in Greece, Russia, Turkey, and
Poland) (1838); (Incidents of Travel in Cen-
tral America, Chiapas, and Yucatan) (1841);
and supplemental volumes of explorations and
(Travel in Yucatan) (2 vols. , 1843).
Stepniak, Sergius Michael Dragomanov
(S. Karchevsky) (step'nyäk). A noted Rus-
sian nihilist; born at Gadjatch, government of
Poltava, 1841. Having been exiled in 1876, on
account of his criticisms on the system followed
by Count Tolstoy, one of the Ministers of
Justice, he settled in Geneva, 1887; went from
there to London in 1885. Among his works
are (The Turks Within and Without' (1876);
(Underground Russia' (1881); (Tyrannicide in
Russia) (1881); (The Career of a Nihilist, a
novel (1889).
Sterling, John. A Scottish editor, essayist,
and poet; born at Kames Castle, Isle of Bute,
July 20, 1806; died at Ventnor, Isle of Wight,
Sept. 18, 1844. He was educated at Glasgow
and Cambridge. Among his works are : (Ar-
thur Coningsby,' a novel (1833); (Minor Poems)
(1839); “The Election, a poem (1841); (Straf-
ford,' a drama (1843); and (The Onyx Ring'
(1856). Thomas Carlyle wrote (The Life of
John Sterling (1851).
Stern, Daniel, pseudonym of Marie Cath-
erine Sophie de Flavigny, Comtesse d'Agoult
(dä-gö'). A famous French writer; born at
Frankfort on the Main, Dec. 31, 1805; died at
Paris, March 5, 1876. One of her three daugh.
ters, that by Franz Liszt, married Von Bülow,
and subsequently Richard Wagner. Her works
## p. 506 (#522) ############################################
506
STERNDALE-STEWART
include : (Moral and Political Essays) (1849);
(History of the Revolution of 1848) (1851);
and Nélida, an autobiographical romance
which attracted much attention.
Sterndale, Robert Armitage. An English
naturalist and story-writer. He is the author
of (Seonee; or, Camp-Life on the Satpura
Range) (1877); (The Afghan Knife) (1879);
(A Natural History of the Mammalia of India,
etc. (1884); “Denizens of the Jungles.
Sterne, Laurence. A celebrated English
novelist; born at Clonmel, Ireland, Nov. 24,
1713; died in London, March 18, 1768. Of
(Tristram Shandy, Vols. i. and ii. were pub-
lished in 1760; iii. and iv. in December 1700;
v. and vi. in 1762; vii. and viii. in 1765; ix. in
1767. A Sentimental Journey through France
and Italy) was published in 1768; “The Ser.
mons of Mr. Yorick) in 1760, as a companion
to Tristram Shandy. Posthumously appeared
(Letters to his Most Intimate Friends) (1775). *
Stesichorus (stē-sik'o-rus). A Greek lyric
poet; born at Himera, Sicily, about 630 B. C. ;
died in Catania, about 556 B. C. Only frag-
ments of his works remain; but he appears to
have dealt with epic subjects, among them the
sieges of Troy and Thebes, in lyrical measures.
He is looked upon as the greatest of the Dorian
lyrists, and is often styled “the lyric Homer. ”
The ancients fabled that he was stricken blind
for slandering Helen, but upon retracting his
calumnies regained his sight.
Stetson, Charlotte Perkins. An American
poet; born in Hartford, Conn. She has pub-
lished a volume of poems, 'In This our World)
(San Francisco, 1893).
Stevens, Abel. An American author, editor,
and Methodist clergyman; born in Philadel-
phia, Jan. 19, 1815. He was editor of the Meth-
odist 1865-74; subsequently traveled extensively,
and settled in Geneva, Switzerland. He wrote
many denominational books, among them :
(Essay on Church Polity) (1847); Memorials
of the Introduction of Methodism into the
Eastern States) (1847-52); (History of the Re-
ligious Movement of the Eighteenth Century
called Methodism' (3 vols. , 1858–61); (History
of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United
States) (4 vols. , 1864–67), a standard authority
on this subject. He wrote also a German trans-
lation (1867); (The Centenary of American
Methodism) (1865); ( The Women of Method-
ism,' etc. (1866); (Madame de Staël) (2 vols. ,
1881); (Character Sketches) (1882); (Christian
Work) (1882); (Tales from the Parsonage);
besides several volumes of memoirs.
Stevens, Henry. An American bibliogra-
pher; born in Barnet, Vt. , Aug. 24, 1819; died
in South Hampstead, England, Feb. 28, 1886.
He was a prominent collector and authority
on (Americana,' and the agent for many
American libraries. He published: (Catalogue
Raisonné of English Bibles) (1854); (Histor-
ical Collections ); ( Historical and Geographical
Notes);' Bibliotheca Americana' (1861); Bibles
in the Caxton Exhibition) (1878); Indexes to
State Papers in London Relating to Virginia,
Maryland, Rhode Island, and New Jersey);
edited (The Dawn of British Trade to the
East Indies) (1886); etc.
Stevens, John Austin. An American histor.
ical author; born in New York city, Jan. 21, 1827.
He was secretary of the Chamber of Commerce,
librarian of the New York Historical Society,
and has made a special study of American his-
tory. He founded and for many years conducted
the Magazine of American History. His works
include : (The Valley of the Rio Grande (1864);
(Colonial Records of the New York Chamber
of Commerce) (1867); “The Expedition of La-
fayette against Arnold (1878); "Life of Albert
Gallatin (1883); and others.
Stevenson, Edward Irenæus. An American
journalist and littérateur of New York city;
born in New Jersey, 1858. He is in editorial
connection with the New York Independent
since 1881, and also with Harper's Weekly and
several musical journals. He has published:
(White Cockades); Janus,' reprinted as A
Matter of Temperament,' a musical novel; Left
to Themselves,' reprinted as Philip and Ger-
ald);(Mrs. Dee's Encore); (A Square of Sevens.
Stevenson, Robert Louis Balfour. A dis-
tinguished Scotch novelist, poet, and essayist;
born in Edinburgh, Nov. 13, 1850; died at Apia,
Samoa, Dec. 3, 1894. He published: (An In-
land Voyage) (1878); (Edinburgh: Picturesque
Notes) (1878); (Travels with a Donkey in the
Cévennes) (1879); (Virginibus Puerisque, and
Other Papers) (1881); (Familiar Studies of Men
and Books) (1882); New Arabian Nights)
(1882); (Treasure Island (1883); “The Silver-
ado Squatters) (1883); (The Dynamiter: More
New Arabian Nights) (1885), with Mrs. Ste-
venson; A Child's Garden of Verse) (1885);
(Prince Otto) (1885); (The Strange Case of
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde) (1886); (Kidnapped
(1886); (Underwoods) (1887); (The Merry Men
and Other Tales) (1887); (Memoirs and Por-
traits) (1887); (The Black Arrow) (1888); “The
Master of Ballantrae) (1889); (Ballads) (1891);
(The Wrecker) (1891-92); A Foot-Note to His-
tory: Eight Years of Trouble in Samoa) (1892);
(David Balfour) (1893); "Island Nights' Enter-
tainments) (1893): (The Ebb Tide' (1894);
(Weir of Hermiston' and (St. Ives) (1895-90),
the last two left not quite complete. *
Stewart, Balfour. A Scotch physicist, one
of the founders of spectrum analysis; born
in Edinburgh, Nov. 1, 1828; died near Drogh-
eda, Ireland, Dec. 19, 1887. He established
his scientific reputation with a work on 'Radi-
ant leat) (1858), in which he formulated his
discovery of the equality of the emissive and
absorptive powers of bodies. Other works in-
clude: (Treatise on Heat) (1866; 5th ed. 1888);
( Elements of Physics) (1870; 4th ed. 1891);
(Conservation of Energy) (1873; 7th ed. 1887).
With Professor Tait he published “The Unseen
Universe ; or, Physical Speculations on a Future
State) (1875; 17th ed. 1890).
(
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STEWART-STODDARD
507
>
Stewart, Dugald. A distinguished Scotch
philosopher; born in Edinburgh, Nov. 22, 1753:
died June 11, 1828. His philosophy was “a
following-up of the reaction commenced by
Reid against the skeptical results that Berke-
ley and Hume drew from the principles of
Locke. He published : (Elements of the Phi-
losophy of the Human Mind) (Vol. i. , 1792;
Vol. ii. , 1814; Vol. iii. , 1827); (Outlines of Moral
Philosophy) (1793); Philosophical Essays)
(1810); Dissertation on the History of Ethical
Philosophy) (1815-21); Philosophy of the Act-
ive and Moral Powers) (1828).
Stifter, Adalbert (stif'ter). An Austrian
poet and story-writer; born at Oberplan, in
the German Böhmerwald, Oct. 23, 1806; died
at Linz, Jan. 28, 1868. His first volume of
idyls and tales, (Studies) (1844), was received
with extraordinary public favor; it was suc-
ceeded by five other volumes under the same
title. Of his longer stories the more note-
worthy are “The Successor (1857) and “Witiko)
(1864).
Still, John. An English writer of comedy;
born at Grantham in Lincolnshire, about 1543;
died bishop of Bath and Wells, Feb. 26, 1607.
He is reputed to be the author of "A ryght
pithy, pleasant, and merrie comedy, intytuled
Gammer Gurton's Needle » (1575): it is believed
to be the third English comedy. In the first
act occurs the familiar old ballad "I cannot
eat but little meat, with chorus, Backe and
side go bare, go bare, supposed to be the first
drinking-song in the language.
Still, William. An American philanthropist
and anti-slavery advocate, of African descent;
born in Shamony, N. J. , Oct. 7, 1821. He was
chairman and secretary of the Philadelphia
branch of the famous "underground railroad »
of 1851-61, and wrote out the narratives of
escaping slaves, which constitute the only
full account of this organization. His works
include: (The Underground Railroad' (1878);
(Voting and Laboring); and (Struggle for the
Rights of the Colored People of Philadelphia.
Stillé, Charles Janeway. An American edu-
cator and writer ; born in Philadelphia, 1819.
He was long provost of the University of
Pennsylvania. He has published: (Historical
Development of American Civilization); (Stud-
ies in Mediæval Civilization); Beaumarchais
and the Lost Million); History of the United
States Sanitary Commission'; (How a Free
People Conduct a Long War); (Northern In-
terest and Southern Independence); John
Dickinson); ' Anthony Wayne); etc.
Stillman, William James. An American
essayist of note, resident in Rome; born at
Schenectady, N. Y. , June 1, 1828. He was for
many years a correspondent of the London
Times and the New York Evening Post, and
is especially conversant with the affairs of
Greece; he was consul-general to Crete, 1865-
69. His published works are: (The Acropolis
of Athens) (1870); (The Cretan Insurrection)
(1874); Herzegovina and the Late Uprising
(1877); “On the Track of Ulysses) (1887). *
Stimson, Frederic Jesup. ["J. S. of Dale. ”]
An American novelist and lawyer; born in
Dedham, Mass. , July 20, 1855. His works of
fiction have been widely read, and his legal
text-books are authoritative. He has pub-
lished: (Labor in its Relations to Law); and
(Handbook of the Labor Laws of the United
States. His celebrity as a novelist is due to
his (The Crime of Henry Vane); (The King's
Men'; (The Residuary Legatee); (The Sen-
timental Calendar); 'In the Three Zones);
(First Harvests); (Pirate Gold); (King No-
anett); (Guerndale); etc.
Stinde, Julius (stind'e). A German novel-
ist and miscellaneous writer; born at Kirch-
Nüchel in Holstein, Aug. 28, 1841. Among
his writings are: (Talks on Natural Science)
(1873); several comedies in Plattdeutsch, as
(Aunt Lotta); (The Karstens Family); two
Christmas stories, Princess Thousandfair) and
(Prince Naughty); (Berlin Art Criticism, with
Marginal Notes by Quidam) (1883); and an
amusing series of stories of (The Buchholz
Family.
Stirling-Maxwell, William, Sir (ster'ling.
maks'wel). A Scottish biographer and art
critic; born near Glasgow, 1818; died at Ven-
ice, Jan. 15, 1878. He was Member of Par-
liament, 1852–78; rector of the University of
St. Andrews, 1863; of that of Glasgow, 1872;
chancellor of the latter, 1875. He wrote the
valuable works: Annals of the Artists of
Spain) (3 vols. , 1848); (Cloister Life of Charles
V. (1852); (Velasquez and his Works) (1855);
and others.
Stockton, Frank Richard. An American
writer of humorous fiction ; born in Philadelphia,
April 5, 1834. Included among his popular
works are: (Rudder Grange); (The Lady,
or the Tiger? ); (The Casting Away of Mrs.
Lecks and Mrs. Aleshine); (The Dusantes, a
sequel to the preceding; (The Bee-Man of
Orn, and Other Fanciful Tales); (Tales Out
of School); ( The Hundredth Man'; (The Late
Mrs. Null); (Adventures of Captain Horn);
(The Great Stone of Sardis); etc. *
Stoddard, Charles Warren. An American
poet and miscellaneous writer; born in Roches-
ter, N. Y. , Aug. 7, 1843. He is a lecturer on
English literature in the Catholic University of
America, Washington, D. C. , and is the author
of Poems); (South-Sea Idyls); Mashallah);
(The Lepers of Molokai); (Summer Cruising
in the South Seas); etc.
Stoddard, Elizabeth Drew (Barstow). An
American novelist and poet; born in Matta-
poisett, Mass. , May 6, 1823. She is the wife of
R. H. , and the author of three distinguished
novels, (The Morgesons) (1862), (Two Men)
(1865), « Temple House, illustrative of English
character and scenery (1867); and (Lolly Dink's
Doings, a story for young readers (1874). Her
poetical works have not been collected. *
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STODDARD-STORY
Stoddard, Richard Henry. An American
lyric poet of distinction; born at Hingham,
Mass. , July 2, 1825. His poems have been pub-
lished under the titles : (Songs of Summer)
(1856); (Abraham Lincoln: A Horatian Ode)
(1865); collectively, under "Poems) (1880), and
(The Lion's Cub) (1890). He has been a resi-
dent of New York, and at times the literary
editor of the New York World, and now of the
New York Mail and Express. *
Stoddard, William Osborn. An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer; born in
Homer, N. Y. , Sept. 24, 1835. He has been con-
nected editorially with various journals, and was
private secretary of President Lincoln, 1861-64.
His publications include: Verses of Many
Days) (1875); Dab Kinzer) (1881); (The Vol-
cano under the City) (1887); and Lives of the
Presidents) (1886-90). He has also written many
books popular among boys.
Stokes, Henry Sewell. An English verse-
writer; born at Gibraltar, 1808. He wrote : Lay
of the Desert: A Poem' (1830); “Song of Al-
bion,' etc. ; Vale of Lanberne,' etc. (new ed.
1852); “Echoes of the War,' etc. (1855); “Scat-
tered Leaves) (1862); (Rhymes from Cornwall)
(1871); Memories : A Life's Epilogue) (1872);
(Poems of Later Years) (1873); (Restormel :
A Legend of Piers Gaveston, the Patriot Priest;
and Other Verses) (1874); Lantrydock: An
Elegy) (1883); (Voyage of Arundel, and Other
Rhymes from Cornwall) (1884).
Stolberg, Christian, Graf von (stol’berg).
A German poet; born at Hamburg, Oct. 15,
1748; died at Windebye in Holstein, Jan. 18,
1821. Most of his poems were published with
those of his brother Friedrich Leopold in
1779. lle wrote two “choral plays,” (Baltha-
sar) and (Otanes! (1787); (Poems of Father-
land' (1815); (Poems from the Greek) (1782);
and a translation of Sophocles (2 vols. , 1787).
Stolberg, Friedrich Leopold, Graf von. A
German poet and general writer, brother of
Christian; born at Bramstedt in Holstein, Nov.
7, 1750; died at Sondermühlen near Osna-
brück, Dec.
