No More Learning

cared to rouse him from his lamentations, and Her. xix. 2. ) When he had reached the age of
Puted him to rescue the body of Patroclus. nine, Calchas declared that Troy could not be
mi. 166, &c. ) 5 Achilles now rose, and his taken without his aid, and Thetis knowing that
undering voice alone'put the Trojans to flight this war would be fatal to him, disguised him as a
When his new armour was brought to him, maiden, and introduced him among the daugbters
he reconciled himself to Agamemnon, and hur- of Lycomedes of Scyros, where he was called by
ried to the field of battle, disdaining to take the name of Pyrrha on account of his golden locket
any drink or food until the death of his friend But his real character did not remain concealed
should be avenged. (xix. 155, &c. ) He wound- long, for one of his companions, Deidameia, became
3


## p. 11 (#31) ##############################################

ACHILLES.
11
ACHILLES TATIUS.
mother of a son, Pyrrhus or Neoptolemus, by nim. ACHILLES ('Axureus), a son of Lyson of
The Greeks at, last discovered his place of conceal Athens, who was believed to have first introduced
ment, and an embassy was sent to Lycomedes, in his native city the mode of sending persons
who, though he denied the presence of Achilles, into exile by ostracism. (Prolem. Heph. vi. p. 333. )
yet allowed the messengers to search his palace. Several other and more credible accounts, howe
Odysseus discovered the young hero by a strata- ever, ascribe this institution with more probability
gem, and Achilles immediately promised his assist- to other persons.
[L. S. )
ance to the Greeks. (Apollod. l. c. ; Hygin. Fub. ACHILLES TATIUS ('Αχιλλεύς Τάτιος), or
96; Slat. Achil. ii. 200. ) A different account of as Suidas and Eudocia call him Achilles Statius,
his stay in Scyros is given by Plutarch (Thes. 35) an Alexandrine rhetorician, who was formerly be-
and Philostratus (Her. xix. 3. )
lieved to have lived in the second or third century
Respecting his conduct towards Iphigencia at of our aera. But as it is a well-known fact,
Aulis, see AGAMEMNON, IPHIGENBIA.
which is also acknowledged by Photius, that he
During the war against Troy, Achilles slew imitated Heliodorus of Emesa, he must have lived
Penthesileia, an Amazon, but was deeply moved after this writer, and therefore belongs either to
when he discovered her beauty ; and when Ther- the latter half of the fifth or the beginning of the
sites ridiculed him for his tenderness of heart, sixth century of our aera. Suidas states that he
Achilles killed the scoffer by a blow with the fist. was originally a Pagan, and that subsequently be
(Q. Smyrn. i. 669, &a ; Paus. v. 11. & 2; comp. was converted to Christianity. The truth of this
Soph. Philoch. 445; Lycoph. Cus. 999; Tzetzes, assertion, as far as Achilles Tatius, the author of
Pusthom. 199. ) He also fought with Memoon and the romance, is concerned, is not supported by the
Troilus. (Q. Smyrn. ii
. 480, &c. ; Hygin. Fab. 112; work of Achilles, wbich bears no marks of Chris-
Virg. Aen. i. 474, &c. ) The accounts of his death tian thoughts, while it would not be difficult to
differ very much, though all agree in stating that prove from it that he was a heathen. This
he did not fall by human hands, or at least not romance is a history of the adventures of
without the interference of the god Apollo. Ac two lovers, Cleitophon and Leucippe. It bears the
cording to 80me traditions, he was killed by Apollo | title Τα κατά Λευκίππην και Κλειτοφώντα, and
himself (Soph. Philoct. 334 ; Q. Smyrn. iii. 62 ; consists of eight books. Notwithstanding all its
Hor. Carm. iv. 6. 3, &c. ), as he had been fore defects, it is one of the best love-stories of the
told. (Hom. Il
. xxi. 278. ) According to Hyginus Greeks Cleitophon is represented in it relating to
(Pab. 107), Apollo assumed the appearance of a friend the whole course of the events from be
Paris in killing him, while others say that Apollo ginning to end, a plan which renders the story
merely directed the weapon of Paris against Achil- rather tedious, and makes the narrator appear
les, and thus caused his death, as had been sug- affected and insipid. Achilles, like his predecessor
gested by the dying Hector. (Virg. Aen. vi. 57; Heliodorus, disdained having recourse to what is
Ov. Mel. xii. 601, &c. ; Hom. İL xxii. 358, &c. ) marvellous and improbable in itself, but the accu-
Dictys Cretensis (ü. 29) relates his death thus mulation of adventures and of physical as well as
Achilles loved Polyxena, a daughter of Priam, and moral difficulties, which the lovers have to over-
tempted by the promise that he should receive her come, before they are happily united, is too great
as bis wife, if he would join the Tmjane, he went and renders the story improbable, though their ar-
without arms into the temple of Apollo at Thym- rangement and succession are skilfully managed by
bra, and was assassinated there by Paris. (Comp. the author. Numerous parts of the work however
Philoetr. Her. xix. 11; Hygin. Fab. 107 and 110;, are written without taste and judgment, and do
Dares Phryg. 34, Q. Smym. iii. 50; Tzetz. ad not appear connected with the story by any inter-
Lycoplır. 307. ). His body was rescued by Odys nal necessity. Besides these, the work has a
seus and Ajax the Telamonian; his armour was great many digressions, which, although interest-
promised by Thetis to the bravest among the ing in themselves and containing curious infor-
Greeks, which gde rise to a contest between the mation, interrupt and impede the progress of the
wo heroes who had rescued his body. (Ajax. ) narrative. The work is full of imitations of other
After his death, Achilles became one of the writers from the time of Plato to that of Achilles
judges in the lower world, and dwelled in the is himself, and while he thus trusts to his books and
Lands of the blessed, where he was united with his learning, he appears ignorant of human nature
Medeia or Iphigeneia. The fabulous island of Leuce and the affairs of real life. The laws of decency
in the Euxine was especially sacred to him, and and morality are not always paid due regard to, a
was called Achillea, because, according to some re defect which is even noticed by Photius. The
ports, it contained his body. (Mela, ü. 7; Schol style of the work, on which the author seems to
ud Pind. Nen. iv. 49; Paus. iii. 19. 8. 11. ) Achilles have bestowed his principal care, is thoroughly
was worshipped as one of the national heroes of rhetorical: there is a perpetual striving after elo
Greece. The Thessalians, at the command of the gance and beauty, after images, puns, and anti-
oracle of Dodona, offered annual sacrifices to him theses. These things. however, were just what
in Troas (Philostr. Her. xix. 14. ) In the ancient the age of Achilles required, and that his novel
gymnasium at Olympia there was a cenotaph, at was much read, is attested by the number of
which certain solemnities were performed before MSS. still extant
the Olympic games commenced. " (Paus. vi. 23. A part of it was first printed in a Latin trans
§ 2. ) Sanctuaries of Achilles existed on the lation by Annibal della Croce (Crucejus), Ley-
road from Arcadia to Sparta (Paus. iii. 20. 88), on den, 1544; a complete translation appeared at
cape Sigeum in Troas (Strab. xi. p. 494), and other Basel in 1554. The first edition of the Greek
places. The events of his life were frequently re- original appeared at Heidelberg, 1601, 8vo. , print-
presented in ancient works of art (Böttiger, Va- ed. together with similar works of Longus and
sengemälde, iii. p. 144, &c. ; Museum Clement i. 52, Parthenius. An edition, with a voluminous though
v. 17; Villa Borg. i. 9; Mus. Nap. ii. 59. ) (L. S. ] / rather careless commentary, was published by Sal-


## p. 12 (#32) ##############################################

12
ACHMET.
ACIDINUS.
,
masius, Leyden, 1640, 8vo. The best and most re- dence to have been certainly a Christian. (c. 2.
cent edition is by Fr. Jacobs, Leipzig, 1821, in 150, &c. ) It exists only in Greek, or rather (if
2 vols. 8vo. The first volume contains the prole- the above conjecture as to its auti. or be correct)
gomena, the text and the Latin translation by it has only been published in that language. It
Crucejus, and the second the commentary. There consists of three hundred and four chapters, and
is an English translation of the work, by A. H. professes to be derived from what has been written
(Anthony Hodges), Oxford, 1638, 8vo.
on the same subject by the Indians, Persians, and
Suidas ascribes to this same Achilles Tatius, a Egyptians. It was translated out of Greek into
work on the sphere (Tepl opalpas), a fragment of Latin about the year 1160, by Leo Tuscus of
which professing to be an introduction to the which work iwo specimens are to be found in
Phaenomena of Aratus (Eloaywyn eis ta 'Apdrou Casp. Barthii Adversaria. (xxxi. 14, ed. Francof.
paivóueva) is still extant. But as this work is 1624, foll. ) It was first published at Frankfort,
referred to by Firmicus (Mathes. iv. 10), who 1577, 8vo. , in a Latin translation, made by Leun-
lived earlier than the time we have assigned to clavius, from a very imperfect Greek manuscript,
Achilles, the author of the work on the Sphere with the title “ A pomasaris Apotelesmata sive
must have lived before the time of the writer of de Significatis et Eventis Insomniorum, ex Indo-
the romance. The work itself is of no particular rum, Persirum, Aegyptiorumque Disciplina" The
value. It is printed in Petavius, Uranologia, word A pomasares is a corruption of the name of
Paris, 1630, and Amsterdam, 1703, fol.
Suidas the famous Albumasar, or Abú Ma'shar, and Leun-
also mentions a work of Achilles Tatius on Ety. clavius afterwards acknowledged his mistake in
mology, and another entitled Miscellaneous His attributing the work to him. It was published in
tories ; as both are lost, it is impossible to deter-Greek and Latin by Rigaltius, and appended to
mine which Achilles was their author. (L. S. ) his edition of the Oneirocritica of Artemidorus,
ACHILLEUS assumed the title of emperor Lutet. Paris. 1603, 4to. , and some Greek various
under Diocletian and reigned over Egypt for some readings are inserted by Jac. De Rhoer in his
time. He was at length taken by Diocletian after Otium Dacentriense, p. 338, &c. Daventr. 1762,
a siege of eight months in Alexandria and put 8vo. It has also been translated into Italian,
to death, A. D. 296. (Eutrop. ix. 14, 15; Aurel. French, and German.
(W. A. G. )
Vict de Caes. 39. )
ACHOʻLIUS held the office of Magister Ad-
ACHI'LLIDES, a patronymic, formed from missionum in the reign of Valerian. (B C 253–
Achilles, and given to his son Pyrrhus. (Or. 260. ) One of his works was entitled Acton, and
Heroid. viii. 3. )
[L. S. ] contained an account of the history of Aurelian.
ACHI'ROE ('Axupón), or according to Apollo It was in nine books at least. (Vopisc. Aurel. 12. )
dorus (ii. 1. $ 4) Anchinoë, which is perhaps a mis- He also wrote the life of Alexander Severus.
take for Anchiroë, was a daughter of Nilus, and (Lamprid. Aler. Sev. 14. 48. 68. )
the wife of Belus, by whom she became the mother ACHOLOE. (HARPYIAE. )
of Aegyptus and Danans. According to the scho ACICHOʻRIUS ("Akixopios) was one of the
liast on Lycophron (583 and 1161), Ares begot leaders of the Gauls, who invaded Thrace and
by her a son, Sithon, and according to Hegesippus Macedonia in B. c. 280. He and Brennus com-
(ap. Steph. Byz. 8. v. llathun), also two daugh- manded the division that marched into Paeonia.
ters, Pallenaea and Rhoetea, from whom two In the following year, B. C. 279, he accompanied
towns derived their names.
(LS. ) Brennus in his invasion of Greece. (Paus. x. 19.
ACHLYS (Axlús), according to some ancient $ 4, 5, 22. & 5, 23. $ 1, &c. ) Some writers suppose
cosmogonies, the eternal night, and the first that Brennus and Acichorius are the same persons,
created being which existed even before Chaos. the former being only a title and the latter the
According to Hesiod, she was the personification real name. (Schmidt, " De fontibus veterum auc-
of misery and sadness, and as such she was repre torum in enarrandis expeditionibus a Gallis in
sented on the shield of Heracles (Scut. Herc. 264, Macedoniam susceptis," Berol. 1834. )
&c. ): pale, emaciated, and wee with chatter- ACIDA'LIA, a surname of Venus (Virg. Aen.
ing teeth, swollen knees, long nails on her fingers, i. 7:20), which according to Servius was derived
bloody cheeks, and her shoulders thickly covered from the well Acidalius near Orchomenos, in which
with dust.
(L. S. ) Venus used to bathe with the Graces ; orbers con-
ACHMET, son of Seirim ('Axuda vids Leipebu), nect the name with the Greek dides, i e. cares or
the author of a work on the Interpretation of troubles.
(L. S. ]
Dreams, 'Ovelpox Pitiká, is probably the same per- ACIDI'NUS, a family-name of the Manlia
son as Abu Bekr Mohammed Ben Sírín, whose gens. Cicero speaks of the Acidini as among the
work on the same subject is still extant in Arabic first men of a former age. (De ing. agr. ii. 24. )
in the Royal Library at Paris, (Catah. Cod. Ma- 1. L. Manlius Acidinus, praetor urbanus in
nuscr, Biblioth. Reg. Paris. vol. i. p. 230, cod. B. c. 210, was sent by the senate into Sicily to
McCX. ,) and who was born A. H. 33, ( a. D. 653-4,) bring back the consul Valerius to Rome to hold
and died A. H. 110. (A. D. 728-9. ) (See Nicoll and the elections. (Liv. xxvi. 23, xxvii. 4. ) In B. C.
Pusey, Catal. Cod. Manuscr. Arab. Biblioth. Bodl. 207 he was with the troops stationed at Narnia to
p. 516. ) This conjecture will seem the more pro oppose Hasdrubal, and was the first to send to
bable when it is recollected that the two names Rome intelligence of the defeat of the latter. (Liv.
Ahmed or Achmet and Mohammed, however unlike xxvii. 50. ) In B. C. 206 he and L. Cornelius
each other they may appear in English, consist in Lentulus had the province of Spain entrusted to
Arabic of four letters each, and differ only in the them with proconsular power. In the following
first. There must, however, be some difference year he conqnered the Ausetani and Ilergetes,
between Achmet's work, in the form in which we who had rebelled against the Romans in conse
have it, and that of Ibn Sírín, as the writer of the quence of the absence of Scipio. He did not re-
forner (or the translator) appears froni internal evi- turn to Rome till B. c 199, but was prevented by


## p. 13 (#33) ##############################################

ACIS.
13
ACONTIUS.
a
the tribune P. Porcius Laeca from entering the | 750, &c. ) a son of Faunus and Symaethis. He
city in an oration, which the senate had granted was beloved by the nymph Galatea, and Polyphe-
him. (Liv. Xxviii. 38, xxix. 1-3, 13, xxxii. 7. ) mus the Cyclop, jealous of him, crushed him under
2. L. MANLIUS ACIDINUS FULVIANUS, origin- a huge rock. His blood gushing forth from under
ally belonged to the Fulvia gens, but was adopted the rock was changed by the nymph into the
into the Manlia gens, probably by the above-men- river Acis or Acinius at the foot of mount Aetna.
tioned Acidinus. (Vell
. Pat. ii. 8. ) He was This story does not occur any where else, and is
praetor B. c. 188, and had the province of Hispania perhaps no more than a happy fiction suggested by
Citerior allotted to him, where he remained till the manner in which the litule river springs forth
B. C. 186. In the latter year he defeated the from under a rock.
(L. S. ]
Celtiberi, and had it not been for the arrival of his ACMENES ('Axuñves), a surname of certaiu
successor would have reduced the whole people to nymphs worshipped at Elis, where a sacred enclo-
subjection. He applied for a triumph in conse- sure contained their altar, together with those of
quence, but obtained only an ovation. (Liv. xxxviii. other gods. (Paus. v. 15. & 4. ). (L. S. ]
35, xxxix. 21, 29. ) In B. c. 183 he was one of ACMO'NIDES, one of the three Cyclopes (Or.
the ambassadors sent into Gallia Transalpina, and Fast. iv. 288), is the same as Pyracmon in Virgil
was also appointed one of the trium virs for found. (Aen. viii
. 425), and as Arges in most other ac-
ing the Latin colony of Aquileia, which was how- counts of the Cyclopes.
(L. S. )
ever not founded till B. c.