406, who
afterwards
became tyrant of Pherae ; for this
&c.
&c.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
(Hom.
Ov.
Met
. xiii. 432, &c. , 536 ; Plut. Parall. min.
Od. iv. 228. )
(L. S. )
24. )
Another tradition states that Polydorus
POLYDÉCTES (TloudéKTIS), a son of Mag- was entrusted to his sister Iliona, who was married
nes and king of the island of Seriphos, is called to Polymestor, and who was to educate him. She
a brother of Dictys (Pind. Pyth. xii. 14 ; Apollod. accordingly brought him up as her own son, while
i. 9. $ 6; Strab. x. p. 487 ; Zenob. i. 41 ; Paus. she made every one else believe that her own son
i. 22. & 6. )
(L. S. ) Deïphilus or Dežpylus was Polydorus. The
POLYÚECTES (Ion UdékTNS), the sixth or Greeks determined to destroy the race of Priam
seventh king of Sparta in the Proclid line, was sent to Polymestor, promising him Electra for his
the eldest son of Eunomus, the brother of Lycurgus wife, and a large amount of gold, if he would kill
the lawgiver, and the father of Charilaus, who suc- Polydorus. Polymestor was prevailed upon, and
ceeded him. Herodotus, contrary to the other au- he accordingly slew his own son instead of Poly.
thorities, makes Polydectes the father of Funomus. dorus. The true Polydorue having afterwards
(Plut. Lyc. 2 ; Paus, iii. 7. 82 ; Herod. viii. 131. ) learnt the real intention of Polymestor persuaded
(EUNOM UK)
his sister Iliona to kill Polymestor. (Ilygin. Fub.
POLYDECTES, a sculptor who lived at Rome 109, 240; Horat. Sat. ii. 3. 61 ; Cic. Tusc. i. 44,
under the earlier emperors, and wrought in con- Acad. ii. 27. ) According to a third tradition, lastly,
junction with Hermolaus. These two were among Polymestor, who was attacked by the Greeks,
the artists who "filled the palace of the Caesars delivered up Polydorus to them in order to secure
on the Palatine with most approved works. ” (Plin. their leaving him in peace. The Greeks wanted
H. N. xxxvi. 5. & 4. & 11. )
(P. S. ) to get possession of Helen in his stead, but as the
POLYDEGMON or POLYDECTES (rodu Trojans refused to make the exchange, the Greeks
deymar or Modudéktns), that is, “ the one who stoned Polydorus to death under the very walls of
receives many," occurs as a surname of Hades Troy, and his body was delivered up to Helen.
(Hom. Hymn in Cer. 431 ; Aeschyl. Prom. (Dict. Cret. ii, 18, 22, 27. )
153. )
(L. S. ] 3. One of the Epigoni, a son of Hippomedon.
POLYDEUCES (To vdeúkns), one of the (Paus. ii. 20. § 4 ; comp. A DRASTUS. ) (L. S. ]
Dioscuri, is commonly called Pollux and the twin- POLYDOʻRUS (Ionúowpos). 1. The tenth or
brother of Castor. (Hom. ſl. iii. 237 ; Apollod. eleventh king of Sparta in the Eurysthenid line, was
iii. 11. § 1; comp. DIOSCURI. ) (LS. ) the son of Alcamenes and the father of Eurycrates,
POLYDEUCĒS, literary. (POLLUX. ) who succeeded him. This king lived in the time
POLYDOʻRA (NoAudúpa). 1. A daughter of of the first Messenian war, and assisted in bringing
Oceanus and Thetys. (Hes. Theog. 354. )
it to a conclusion, B. C. 724. He was murdered by
2. The mother of Idas and Lynceus. (Schol. Polemarchus, a Spartan of high family ; but his
ad Apollon. Rhod, i. 151. )
name was precious among his people on account of
3. A daughter of Danaus and the wife of Pe his justice and kindness. They purchased his
neius, by whom she became the mother of Dryops. house of his widow ; and the magistrates in futuro
(Schol ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 1212; Anton. Lib. sealed all public documents with his image. Several
32. )
constitutional changes were introduced by him and
4. The daughter of Meleager and Cleopatra, his colleague Theopompus ; and Plutarch says that
was married to Protesilaus, after whose death she Polydorus increased the number of the Spartan
was 60 much affected by grief that she made away lots. It is further stated that Crotona and the
with herself (Paus. iv. 2. § 5. )
Epizephyrian Locri were founded in his reign.
5. A daughter of Peleus and Polymela, was a (Herod. vii. 204 ; Paus. iii. 3. SS 1-3, iii. 11. 8
sister of Achilles, and married to Sparcheius or 10, iii. 12. § 3, iv. 7. § 7, viii. 52. § 1; Plut. Lyc.
Borus, by whom she became the mother of Menes- 6, 8. ),
thius. (Hom. I. xvi. 176 ; Apollod. iii. 13. & 4; 2. The brother of Jason of Pherae, Tagus of
Eustath. ad Hom. p. 321. )
(L. S. ) Thessaly, obtained the supreme power along with
POLY DOʻRUS (Tlokúowpos). 1. A son of his brother Polyphron, on the death of Jason in
Cadmus and Harmonia, was king of Thebes, and B. C. 370. But shortly afterwards as the two
husband of Nycteïs, by whom he became the brothers were on a journey to Larissa, Polydorus
father of Labdacus. (Hes. Theog. 978; A pollod. died suddenly in the night, assassinated, as it was
iii. 4. § 2, 5. § 5; Paus. ii. 6. § 2, ix. 5. § 1, supposed, by Polyphron (Xen. Hell. vi. 4. § 33).
&c. ; Herod. v. 59. )
Diodorus makes a mistake in stating (xv. 61) that
2. The youngest among the sons of Priam and Polydorus was killed by another brother Alexander,
Laotoë, was slain by Achilles. (Hom. Il. xx.
406, who afterwards became tyrant of Pherae ; for this
&c. , xxii. 46, &c. ) The tragic poets (see Eurip. Alexander was the nephew, and not the brother of
Hec. 3) call him a son of Priam and Hecabe. Polydorus and Polyphron. (Plut. Pelop. c. 29. )
When Ilium was on the point of falling into the (See Vol. I. p. 124. )
hands of the Greeks, Priam entrusted his son POLYDO'RUS, a distinguished sculptor of
Polydorus and a large sum of money to Polymestor Rhodes, was one of the associates of Agesander, in
or Polymnestor, king of the Thracian Chersonesus; the execution of the celebrated group of the Lao-
but after the destruction of Troy, Polymestor coon ; and was not improbably the son of Ages-
killed Polydorus for the purpose of getting pos- ander, since there is a tradition that Agesander made
session of his treasures, and cast his body into the the figure of Laocoon in the group, and his sons
His body was afterwards washed upon the those of the sons of Laocoon. The age of Polydorus
coast, where it was found and recognised by his depends of course on the date assigned to the Lao-
mother Hecabe, who together with other Trojan coon: if Thiersch be right he lived at Rome under
captives took 'vengeance upon Polymestor by Titus (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 4. s. 5. $ 11 ; AGESAN-
killing his two children, and putting out his eyes. DER). He is also mentioned by Pliny, unless an
(Eurip. Hec. 1. C. , 1050; Virg. Aen. iii. 49, &c. ; | earlier artist of the same name be intended, among
sei.
## p. 462 (#478) ############################################
462
POLYGNOTUS.
POLYGNOTUS. '
3
Aglaophon
.
statuaries in bronze who made athletas et armulos | tophon ; and there was, very probably, a younger
et venatores sacrificantesque. (H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. Aglaophon, the son of Aristophon, who was con-
19. & 34. )
(P, S. ] temporary with Alcibiades ; so that we have the
POLYEIDES (TuAvelons), a Greek physician following genealogy :--
who must have lived in or before the first century
after Christ, as he is quoted by Celsus* (De Meri.
v. 20. § 2, 26. § 23, vi. 7. $ 3, pp. 91, 100,
127) and Andromachus (np. Gal. De Compos. Me-
dicum. sec. Gen. v. 12, vol. xiii. p. 834). He ap-
Polygnotus
Aristophon.
pears to have written a pharmaceutical work, as
his medical formulae are several times referred to
Aglaophon, about B. c. 415.
by Galen (De Meth. Med. v. 6, vi. 3, vol. x. pp. (Harpocr. , Suid. , Phot. s. 9. Nonúyvwtos; Plat.
330, 405, Ad Glauc. de Meth. Med. ii. 3, 11, vol. Gorg. p. 448, b. , and Schol. ; Theophrast. ap. Plin.
xi. pp. 87, 137, De Simplic. Medicam. Temper. ac H. N. vii. 56. 6. 57 ; Plin. II. N. xxxv. 9. s. 35,
Facult. x. 2. § 13, vol. xii. p. 276, De Compos. 36. § 1; Quintil. xii. 10. § 3; Dio Chrysost.
Medicam. sec. Gen. iii. 3, vol. xiii. p. 613), Caelius Orat. lv. p. 558, b. ; Simon. Ep. 76. s. 82, ap.
Aurelianus (De Morb. Acut. iii. 3, ó, pp. 186, Brunck. Anal. vol. i. p. 142, Anth. Pal. ix. 700 ;
198), Paulus Aegineta (iv. 25, vii. 12, pp. 514, AGLAOPHON; ARISTOPHON ; Sillig, Cat. Art. s.
663), Aëtius (iii. 1. 48, iv. 2. 50, 58, iv. 4. 64, pp. vv. Aglaophon, Aristophon, Polygnotus. )
504, 715, 725, 809), Oribasius (Ad Eunap. iv. With respect to the time at which Polygnotus
1:28, p. 674), and Nicolaus Myrepsus (De Compos. I lived, Pliny only states indefinitely, that he flou-
Medicam. xli. 44, p. 788). [W. A. G. ] rished before the 90th Olympiad, B. C. 420, which
POLYEIDUS, artist. (POLYïDUS. ]
is with Pliny an era in the history of the art (Plin.
POLYEUCTUS (TOAVEUKTOS). I. An Athe-H. N. xxxv. 9. e. 35: from the context of this
nian orator, delivered the speech against Socrates passage it would follow that Polygnotus lived after
at his trial, which, however, was composed by Panaenus, which is certainly incorrect). A much
some one else (Diog. Laërt. ii. 38). Antiphon more definite indication of his time is obtained
wrote a speech against this Polyeuctus. (Bekker, from the statements of Plutarch (Cim. 4) respecting
Anecd. Gr. vol. i. p. 82.
. xiii. 432, &c. , 536 ; Plut. Parall. min.
Od. iv. 228. )
(L. S. )
24. )
Another tradition states that Polydorus
POLYDÉCTES (TloudéKTIS), a son of Mag- was entrusted to his sister Iliona, who was married
nes and king of the island of Seriphos, is called to Polymestor, and who was to educate him. She
a brother of Dictys (Pind. Pyth. xii. 14 ; Apollod. accordingly brought him up as her own son, while
i. 9. $ 6; Strab. x. p. 487 ; Zenob. i. 41 ; Paus. she made every one else believe that her own son
i. 22. & 6. )
(L. S. ) Deïphilus or Dežpylus was Polydorus. The
POLYÚECTES (Ion UdékTNS), the sixth or Greeks determined to destroy the race of Priam
seventh king of Sparta in the Proclid line, was sent to Polymestor, promising him Electra for his
the eldest son of Eunomus, the brother of Lycurgus wife, and a large amount of gold, if he would kill
the lawgiver, and the father of Charilaus, who suc- Polydorus. Polymestor was prevailed upon, and
ceeded him. Herodotus, contrary to the other au- he accordingly slew his own son instead of Poly.
thorities, makes Polydectes the father of Funomus. dorus. The true Polydorue having afterwards
(Plut. Lyc. 2 ; Paus, iii. 7. 82 ; Herod. viii. 131. ) learnt the real intention of Polymestor persuaded
(EUNOM UK)
his sister Iliona to kill Polymestor. (Ilygin. Fub.
POLYDECTES, a sculptor who lived at Rome 109, 240; Horat. Sat. ii. 3. 61 ; Cic. Tusc. i. 44,
under the earlier emperors, and wrought in con- Acad. ii. 27. ) According to a third tradition, lastly,
junction with Hermolaus. These two were among Polymestor, who was attacked by the Greeks,
the artists who "filled the palace of the Caesars delivered up Polydorus to them in order to secure
on the Palatine with most approved works. ” (Plin. their leaving him in peace. The Greeks wanted
H. N. xxxvi. 5. & 4. & 11. )
(P. S. ) to get possession of Helen in his stead, but as the
POLYDEGMON or POLYDECTES (rodu Trojans refused to make the exchange, the Greeks
deymar or Modudéktns), that is, “ the one who stoned Polydorus to death under the very walls of
receives many," occurs as a surname of Hades Troy, and his body was delivered up to Helen.
(Hom. Hymn in Cer. 431 ; Aeschyl. Prom. (Dict. Cret. ii, 18, 22, 27. )
153. )
(L. S. ] 3. One of the Epigoni, a son of Hippomedon.
POLYDEUCES (To vdeúkns), one of the (Paus. ii. 20. § 4 ; comp. A DRASTUS. ) (L. S. ]
Dioscuri, is commonly called Pollux and the twin- POLYDOʻRUS (Ionúowpos). 1. The tenth or
brother of Castor. (Hom. ſl. iii. 237 ; Apollod. eleventh king of Sparta in the Eurysthenid line, was
iii. 11. § 1; comp. DIOSCURI. ) (LS. ) the son of Alcamenes and the father of Eurycrates,
POLYDEUCĒS, literary. (POLLUX. ) who succeeded him. This king lived in the time
POLYDOʻRA (NoAudúpa). 1. A daughter of of the first Messenian war, and assisted in bringing
Oceanus and Thetys. (Hes. Theog. 354. )
it to a conclusion, B. C. 724. He was murdered by
2. The mother of Idas and Lynceus. (Schol. Polemarchus, a Spartan of high family ; but his
ad Apollon. Rhod, i. 151. )
name was precious among his people on account of
3. A daughter of Danaus and the wife of Pe his justice and kindness. They purchased his
neius, by whom she became the mother of Dryops. house of his widow ; and the magistrates in futuro
(Schol ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 1212; Anton. Lib. sealed all public documents with his image. Several
32. )
constitutional changes were introduced by him and
4. The daughter of Meleager and Cleopatra, his colleague Theopompus ; and Plutarch says that
was married to Protesilaus, after whose death she Polydorus increased the number of the Spartan
was 60 much affected by grief that she made away lots. It is further stated that Crotona and the
with herself (Paus. iv. 2. § 5. )
Epizephyrian Locri were founded in his reign.
5. A daughter of Peleus and Polymela, was a (Herod. vii. 204 ; Paus. iii. 3. SS 1-3, iii. 11. 8
sister of Achilles, and married to Sparcheius or 10, iii. 12. § 3, iv. 7. § 7, viii. 52. § 1; Plut. Lyc.
Borus, by whom she became the mother of Menes- 6, 8. ),
thius. (Hom. I. xvi. 176 ; Apollod. iii. 13. & 4; 2. The brother of Jason of Pherae, Tagus of
Eustath. ad Hom. p. 321. )
(L. S. ) Thessaly, obtained the supreme power along with
POLY DOʻRUS (Tlokúowpos). 1. A son of his brother Polyphron, on the death of Jason in
Cadmus and Harmonia, was king of Thebes, and B. C. 370. But shortly afterwards as the two
husband of Nycteïs, by whom he became the brothers were on a journey to Larissa, Polydorus
father of Labdacus. (Hes. Theog. 978; A pollod. died suddenly in the night, assassinated, as it was
iii. 4. § 2, 5. § 5; Paus. ii. 6. § 2, ix. 5. § 1, supposed, by Polyphron (Xen. Hell. vi. 4. § 33).
&c. ; Herod. v. 59. )
Diodorus makes a mistake in stating (xv. 61) that
2. The youngest among the sons of Priam and Polydorus was killed by another brother Alexander,
Laotoë, was slain by Achilles. (Hom. Il. xx.
406, who afterwards became tyrant of Pherae ; for this
&c. , xxii. 46, &c. ) The tragic poets (see Eurip. Alexander was the nephew, and not the brother of
Hec. 3) call him a son of Priam and Hecabe. Polydorus and Polyphron. (Plut. Pelop. c. 29. )
When Ilium was on the point of falling into the (See Vol. I. p. 124. )
hands of the Greeks, Priam entrusted his son POLYDO'RUS, a distinguished sculptor of
Polydorus and a large sum of money to Polymestor Rhodes, was one of the associates of Agesander, in
or Polymnestor, king of the Thracian Chersonesus; the execution of the celebrated group of the Lao-
but after the destruction of Troy, Polymestor coon ; and was not improbably the son of Ages-
killed Polydorus for the purpose of getting pos- ander, since there is a tradition that Agesander made
session of his treasures, and cast his body into the the figure of Laocoon in the group, and his sons
His body was afterwards washed upon the those of the sons of Laocoon. The age of Polydorus
coast, where it was found and recognised by his depends of course on the date assigned to the Lao-
mother Hecabe, who together with other Trojan coon: if Thiersch be right he lived at Rome under
captives took 'vengeance upon Polymestor by Titus (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 4. s. 5. $ 11 ; AGESAN-
killing his two children, and putting out his eyes. DER). He is also mentioned by Pliny, unless an
(Eurip. Hec. 1. C. , 1050; Virg. Aen. iii. 49, &c. ; | earlier artist of the same name be intended, among
sei.
## p. 462 (#478) ############################################
462
POLYGNOTUS.
POLYGNOTUS. '
3
Aglaophon
.
statuaries in bronze who made athletas et armulos | tophon ; and there was, very probably, a younger
et venatores sacrificantesque. (H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. Aglaophon, the son of Aristophon, who was con-
19. & 34. )
(P, S. ] temporary with Alcibiades ; so that we have the
POLYEIDES (TuAvelons), a Greek physician following genealogy :--
who must have lived in or before the first century
after Christ, as he is quoted by Celsus* (De Meri.
v. 20. § 2, 26. § 23, vi. 7. $ 3, pp. 91, 100,
127) and Andromachus (np. Gal. De Compos. Me-
dicum. sec. Gen. v. 12, vol. xiii. p. 834). He ap-
Polygnotus
Aristophon.
pears to have written a pharmaceutical work, as
his medical formulae are several times referred to
Aglaophon, about B. c. 415.
by Galen (De Meth. Med. v. 6, vi. 3, vol. x. pp. (Harpocr. , Suid. , Phot. s. 9. Nonúyvwtos; Plat.
330, 405, Ad Glauc. de Meth. Med. ii. 3, 11, vol. Gorg. p. 448, b. , and Schol. ; Theophrast. ap. Plin.
xi. pp. 87, 137, De Simplic. Medicam. Temper. ac H. N. vii. 56. 6. 57 ; Plin. II. N. xxxv. 9. s. 35,
Facult. x. 2. § 13, vol. xii. p. 276, De Compos. 36. § 1; Quintil. xii. 10. § 3; Dio Chrysost.
Medicam. sec. Gen. iii. 3, vol. xiii. p. 613), Caelius Orat. lv. p. 558, b. ; Simon. Ep. 76. s. 82, ap.
Aurelianus (De Morb. Acut. iii. 3, ó, pp. 186, Brunck. Anal. vol. i. p. 142, Anth. Pal. ix. 700 ;
198), Paulus Aegineta (iv. 25, vii. 12, pp. 514, AGLAOPHON; ARISTOPHON ; Sillig, Cat. Art. s.
663), Aëtius (iii. 1. 48, iv. 2. 50, 58, iv. 4. 64, pp. vv. Aglaophon, Aristophon, Polygnotus. )
504, 715, 725, 809), Oribasius (Ad Eunap. iv. With respect to the time at which Polygnotus
1:28, p. 674), and Nicolaus Myrepsus (De Compos. I lived, Pliny only states indefinitely, that he flou-
Medicam. xli. 44, p. 788). [W. A. G. ] rished before the 90th Olympiad, B. C. 420, which
POLYEIDUS, artist. (POLYïDUS. ]
is with Pliny an era in the history of the art (Plin.
POLYEUCTUS (TOAVEUKTOS). I. An Athe-H. N. xxxv. 9. e. 35: from the context of this
nian orator, delivered the speech against Socrates passage it would follow that Polygnotus lived after
at his trial, which, however, was composed by Panaenus, which is certainly incorrect). A much
some one else (Diog. Laërt. ii. 38). Antiphon more definite indication of his time is obtained
wrote a speech against this Polyeuctus. (Bekker, from the statements of Plutarch (Cim. 4) respecting
Anecd. Gr. vol. i. p. 82.
