No More Learning

D. 114, Quietus gained great
joy, and then issued a command that the double distinction, and became one of the favourite ge.
traitor should himself be put to death, as the nerals of Trajan. He took the towns of Nisibis
original author of the revolt (Herodian. viii. 3, and Edessa, and subdued the Jews, against whom
4. ) This Quartinus seems to be the same person he had been sent. Trajan made him governor of
with the Tycus mentioned by Capitolinus (Maxim. Judaea, and rewarded him still further by raising
c. ll), and with the Titus of Trebellius Pollio him to the consulship in A. D. 116 or 117. His
(Trig. Tyrann. xxxix. ).
[W. R. ] name does not appear the Fasti, and he must,
QUERQUETULA'NAE, or Querquetulanae vi- therefore, have been only one of the consules suf-
rae, nymphs presiding over the green oak forests, fecti for the year. The honours conferred upon
near the porta querquetularia, or querquetulana, him by Trajan excited much envy ; but so great a
were believed to be possessed of prophetic powers. favourite was he with the emperor, that there
(Festus, p. 26), ed. Müller ; Plin. H. N. xvi. 10, was a report, if we may believe Themistius, that
15. $ 37. ) It should be observed that the word Trajan destined him as his successor. Quietus is
vira is the ancient feminine of vir, and signifies represented on Trajan's column at the head of his
women. Hence virago or virgo. (L. S. ] Moors. After Trajan's death he returned to his
QUIES, the personification of tranquillity, was native country, but he was suspected by Hadrian
worshipped as a divinity by the Romans. A chapel of fomenting the disturbances which then pre-
dedicated to her stood on the via Lavicana, pro vailed in Mauritania. He was first deprived of
bably a pleasant resting-place for the weary tra- the tribes whom he governed, and was then sum-
veller ; another sanctuary of her was outside the moned to Rome. There he was accused of enter-
porta Collina. (Liv, iv. 4); August. De Civ. Dei, ing into a conspiracy against Hadrian's life, and
iv. 16, 21. )
[L. S. ] was murdered on a journey, probably while tra-
QUIETUS, AVI'DIUS, a contemporary of velling from Mauritania to Rome. (Dion Cass.
the younger Pliny, had been a friend of Paetus lxviii. 8, 22, 30, 32, lxix. 2; Themistius, Orat.
Thrasea, and used to relate to Pliny many things xvi. p. 205, ed. Petavius, Paris, 1684 ; Euseb.
concerning that distinguished man. He supported H. E. iv. 2, with the note of Valesius ; Spartian.
Pliny when the latter accused Publicius Certus in Hadr. 5, 7; Amm. Marc. xxix. 5. )
the senate, in A. D. 96, on account of the share he QUI'NTÍA GENS, originally patrician, but
had had in the condemnation of Helvidius by Do-cubsequently plebeian also. The ancient and more
mitian. (Plin. Ep. vi. 29, ix. 13. § 15. )
correct form of the name is Quinctius, which occurs
QUIÈTUS, `CLUVIDIE'NUS, was impli-on coins and the Fasti Capitolini. The Quintia
cated in Piso's conspiracy against Nero, and was gens was one of the Alban houses removed to
banished to one of the islands in the Aegaean Sea. Rome by Tullus Hostilius, and enrolled by him
(Tac. Ann. xv. 71. )
PUTETIT US, C. FULVIUS, included in the list sequel
se opetrofia the Timoresentes.
" (Niebuhr
;
among the patricians (Liv. . 30). It was con-
of thirty tyrants enumerated by Trebellius Pollio Hist. of Rome, vol. ii. pp. 291, 292. ) Its members
[see AUREOLUS), was one of the two sons of that often held throughout the whole history of the
Marianus who assumed the purple after the cap republic the highest offices of the state, and it
ture of Valerian. Having been associated with his produced some men of importance even during the
father and brother in the empire, he was entrusted imperial period. For nearly the first forty years
with the government of the East when they marched after the expulsion of the kings the Quintii are
upon Italy. Upon receiving intelligence of their not mentioned, and the first of the gens, who ob-
defeat and death, he took refuge in Emesa where I tained the consulship, was T. Quintius Capitolinus


## p. 634 (#650) ############################################

634
QUINTILIANUS.
QUINTILIANUS.
:
TIUS.
66
)
Barbatus in B. C. 471 ; but from that year their he returned from thence (A. D. 68) in the train of
name constantly appears in the Fasti. The three Galba, and forth with began to practise at the bar
great patrician families of the Quintia Gens were (vii. 2), where he acquired considerable reputation.
those of CAPITOLINUS, CINCINNATUS, and FlA But he was chiefly distinguished as a teacher of
MININUS. Besides these we find Quintii with the cloquence, bearing away the palm in this depart-
following surnames : Atta, CLAUDUS, CRISPINUS, ment from all his rivals, and associating his name
HIRPINUS, SCAPULA, TROGUS. A few persons, even to a proverb, with pre-eminence in the art.
who bear no cognomens, are given under Quin- Among his pupils were numbered Pliny the younger
The only surname that occurs on coins is (Plin. Ep. ii. 14, vi. 6) and the two grand-nephews
that of Crispinus Sulpicianus, which is found on of Domitian. By this prince he was invested with
coins struck in the time of Augustus. (Eckhel, the insignia and title of consul (consularia orna-
vol. v. p. 291. ) It is related that it was the menta), and is, moreover, celebrated as the first
custom in the Quintia gens for even the women not public instructor, who, in virtue of the endowment
to wear any ornaments of gold. (Plin. II. N. xxxiii. by Vespasian (Suet. Vesp. 18), received a regular
1. s. 6. )
salary from the imperial exchequer. After having
devoted twenty years, commencing probably with
A. D. 69, to the laborious duties of his profession,
he retired into private life, and is supposed to have
died about A. D. 118.
Martial, himself from the neighbourhood of Cala-
gurris (Ep. i. 62), and fond of commemorating the
literary glories of his own land, although he pays a
tribute to the fame of Quintilian (xi. 90),
Quintiliane, vagae moderator summe juventae,
COIN OF QUINTIA GENS.
Gloria Romanae, Quintiliane, togae," –
QUINTIANUS, AFRA'NIUS, a senator of nowhere claims him as a countryman, and hence it
dissolute life, had been ridiculed by Nero in a has been concluded that he was not by birth a
poem, and in revenge took part in Piso's con- Spaniard, but this negative evidence cannot be al-
spiracy against that emperor. On the detection lowed to outweigh the direct testimony of Ausonius
of the conspiracy he had to put an end to his life, (Prof. i. 7), confirmed by Hieronymus (Chron. Eu-
which he did, says Tacitus, “non ex priore vitae scb. Olymp. ccxi. ccxvii. ) and Cassiodorus (Chron.
mollitia. " (Tac. Ann. xv. 49, 56, 70. )
sub Domitian. ann. viii. ).
QUINTI'LIA, or QUINCTI'LIA GENS, It is frequently affirmed in histories of Roman lit-
patrician. This name occurs in the earliest legends erature that the father of Quintilian was a pleader,
of Roman history, for the followers of Romulus and that his grandfather was Quintilian the de-
among the shepherds are said to have been called claimer spoken of by Seneca, but the passages re-
Quintilii, just as those of his brother Remus were ferred to in proof of these assertions will be found
named Fabii
. The Luperci, who were among the not to warrant any such inferences (ix. 3. $ 73 ;
most ancient priests of Rome, were divided into Senec. Controv. v. praef. and 33).
two classes, one called Quintilii or Quintiliani, and Doubts have been expressed with regard to the
the other Fabii or Fabiani. (Festus, s. vv. Quinc- emperor to whom Quintilian was indebted for the
tiliani Luperci, and Fabiani ; Ovid. Fast. ii. 378). honours alluded to above, and it has been confi-
Hence it has been conjectured with much pro- dently maintained that Hadrian, not Domitian, was
bability that this priesthood was originally con- his patron. In the prooemium to the fourth book
fined to these gentes. (Comp. Dict. of Ant. s. v. of the Institutions the author records with grate-
Luperci. ) But although the gens was so ancient, ful pride that Domitianus Augustus had committed
it never attained any historical importance, and its to his care the grandsons of his sister, - that is, the
name is best known from the unfortunate Quin- sons of Flavius Clemens and Domitilla the younger
tilius Varus, who was destroyed with his whole (see Sueton. Dom. 15; Dion Cass. p. 1112, ed.
army by the Germans in the reign of Augustus. Reimar). Again, Ausonius, in his Gratiarum
The Quintilii obtained only one consulship and Actio ad Gratianum, remarks “Quintilianus con-
one dictatorship during the whole of the republican sularia per Clementem ornamenta sortitus honesta-
period, the former in B. c. 453, and the latter in menta nominis potius videtur quam insignia potes-
B. C. 331.
During the republic Varus is the tatis habuisse. " It would be false scepticism to
only family-name that occurs in the gens ; but in doubt that the Clemens here named is the Flavius
the times of the empire we find one or two other Clemens to whose children Quintilian acted as pre-
cognomens, which are given below.
ceptor, and if this be admitted, the question seems
QUINTILIANUS, M. FA'BIUS, the most to be set at rest. To this distinction doubtless the
celebrated of Roman rhetoricians, was a native of satirist alludes, when he sarcastically declares
Calagurris (Calahorra), in the upper valley of the
“ Si Fortuna volet fies de rhetore consul. "
Ebro. He was born about A. D.
40, and if not,
reared at Rome, must at least have completed his The pecuniary circumstances, also, of Quintilian,
education there, for he himself informs us (v. 7. & have afforded a theme for considerable discussion,
7) that, while yet a very young man, he attended in consequence of the (apparently) contradictory
the lectures of Domitius Afer, at that time far ad-statements of Juvenal and Pliny. The foriner,
vanced in life, and that he witnessed the decline of after inveighing against the unsparing profusion of
his powers (v. 7. $ 7, x. 1. $$ 11, 24, 36, xii, 11. the rich in all luxurious indulgences connected with
§ 3). Now we know from other sources that Do- the pleasures of the table, as contrasted with the
mitius Afer died in A. D. 59 (Tac. Ann. xiv. 19 ; paltry remuneration which they offered to the most
Frontin, de Aquued. 102). Having revisited Spain, distinguished teachers of youth, exclaims (vii. 186),


## p. 635 (#651) ############################################

QUINTILIANUS.
63. 5
QUINTILIANUS.
“Hos inter sumtus sestertia Quintiliano years. This period appcars, at first sight, short
Ut multum duo sufficient ; res nulla minoris for the completion of a performance so compre-
Constabit patri quam filius. Unde igitur tot hensive and so elaborate, but we may reasonably
Quintilianus habet saltus,"
believe that his professional career had rendered
him so familiar with the subject, and that in his
and then proceeds to ascribe his singular prosperity capacity as a lecturer he must have so frequently
to the influence of good luck. On the other hand, enlarged upon all its different branches, that little
Pliny, in a letter inscribed “Quintiliano suo. " (vi. would be necessary except to digest and arrange
32, comp. 6), makes him a present of 50,000 ses- the materials already accumulated. Indeed,
terces, about 400l. sterling, as a contribution towards appears that two books upon rhetoric had been
the outfit of a daughter about to be married, assign- already published under his name, but without his
ing as a reason for his liberality “Te porro, animo sanction ; being, in fact, notes taken down by
beatissimum, modicum fucultatibus, scio. " Passing some of his pupils, of conversations which he had
over the untenable supposition that Pliny may have held with them.
been addressing some Quintilian different from the In an introductory chapter addressed to Mar-
rhetorician, or that the estates indicated above cellus, he briefly indicates the plan which he had
may have been acquired at a later period, we must followed, and the distribution of the different
observe that Juvenal here employs a tone of de- parts. The first book contains a dissertation on
clamatory exaggeration, and that he speaks with the preliminary training requisite before a youth
evident, though suppressed bitterness of the good can enter directly upon the studies necessary to
fortune of Quintilian, probably in consequence of mould an accomplished orator (ea quae sunt ante
the flattery lavished by the latter on the hated officium rhetoris), and presents us with a carefully
Domitian (e. g. prooem. lib. iv. ); we must bear in sketched outline of the method to be pursued in
mind also, that although the means of Quintilian educating children, from the time they leave the
may not have been so ample as to render an act of cradle until they pass from the hands of the gram-
generosity on the part of a rich and powerful pupil marian. In the second book we find an expo-
in any way unacceptable, still the handsome income sition of the first principles of rhetoric, together
which he enjoyed (100,000 sesterces = 8001, Suet. with an investigation into the nature or essence of
Vesp. 18) must have appeared boundless wealth the art (prima apud rhetorem elementa et quae de
when compared with the indigence of the troops of ipsa rhetoricae substantia quaeruntur). The five
half-starved grammarians who thronged the metro following are devoted to invention and arrange-
polis, and whose miseries are so forcibly depicted ment (incentio, dispositio); the eighth, ninth, tenth
in the piece where the above lines are found. and eleventh to composition (including the proper
The epistle of Pliny has suggested another diffi- use of the figures of speech) and delivery, com-
culty. Quintilian, in the preface to his sixth book, prised under the general term elocutio, and the
laments in very touching language the death of his last is occupied with what the author considers
only son, whose improvement had been one of his by far the most important portion of his project
chief inducements to undertake the work. He is (partem operis destinati longe gravissimam), an
thus led on to enter into details regarding his inquiry, namely, into various circumstances not
family bereavements: first of all he lost his wife, included in a course of scholastic discipline, but
at the age of nineteen, who left behind her two essential to the formation of a perfect public
boys ; the younger died when five years old, the speaker ; such as his manners- his moral cha-
elder at ten ; but there is no allusion to a daughter, racter, - the principles by which he must be
and indeed his words clearly imply that two child. guided in undertaking, in preparing, and in con-
ren only had been born to him, both of whom he had ducting causes, the peculiar style of eloquence
lost. Hence we are driven to the supposition that which he may adopt with greatest advantage -
he must have married a second time, that the lady the collateral studies to be pursued - the age at
was the daughter of a certain Tutilius (Plin. l. c. ), which it is most suitable to commence pleading -
and that the offspring of this union was the girl the necessity of retiring before the powers begin
whose approaching marriage with Nonius Celer to fail — and various other kindred topics.
called forth the gift of Pliny. It will be seen too This production bears throughout the impress of
that Quintilian, at the lowest computation, must a clear, sound judgment, keen discrimination, and
have been nearly fifty when he was left childless, pure taste, improved by extensive reading, deep
consequently he must have been so far advanced in reflection, and long practice. The diction is highly
life when his daughter became marriageable, that it polished, and very graceful. The fastidious critic
is impossible to believe that he amassed a fortune may, indeed, detect here and there an obscure,
subsequent to that event.
affected phrase, or a word employed in a sense not
The great work of Quintilian is a complete authorised by the purest models of Latinity, but
system of rhetoric in twelve books, entitled De these blemishes, although significant of the age to
Institutione Oratoria Libri XII. , or sometimes, which the treatise belongs, are by no means so
Institutiones Oratoriae, dedicated to his friend numerous or so glaring as seriously to injure its
Marcellus Victorius, himself a celebrated orator, general beauty. In copiousness, perspicuity, and
and a favourite at court. (Stat. Silv. iv. 4. ) It technical accuracy, it is unquestionably superior to
was written during the reign of Domitian, while the essay on the same subject ascribed to Cicero,
the author was discharging his duties as preceptor although each possesses its peculiar merits, which
to the sons of the emperor's niece (Prooem. lib. iv. are fully expounded in the laborious comparison
x. I. $ 9). In a short preface to his bookseller instituted by Campanus. The sections which
Trypho, he acquaints us that he commenced this possess the greatest interest for general readers are
undertaking after he had retired from his labours those chapters in the first book which relate to
as a public instructor (probably in A. D. 89), and elementary education, and the commencement of
that he finished his task in little more than two the tenth book, which furnishes us with a com-


## p. 636 (#652) ############################################

636
QUINTILIANUS.
QUINTILLUS.
1
pressed but spirited history of Greek and Roman of the Declamations, the two others the Institu
literature, in which the merits and defects of the tions only,
great masters, in so far as they bear upon the The Institutions have been translated into Eng.
object in view, are seized upon, and exhibited with lish by Guthrie, 2 vols. 8vo. London, 1756, 1805,
great precision, force and truth.
and by Patsall, 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1774 ; into
One hundred and sixty-four declamntions are French by M. de Pure, 2 vols. 4to. Paris, 1663 ;
extant under the name of Quintilian, nineteen of by the Abbé Gedoyn, 4to. Paris, 1718, 12mo.
considerable length ; the remaining one hundred and 1752, 1770, 1810, 1812, 1820; and by C. V.
forty-five, which form the concluding portion only Ouizille, 8vo. Paris, 1829; into Italian by Orazio
of a collection which originally extended to three Toscanella, 4to. Venez. 1568, 1584; and by Garilli,
hundred and eighty-eight pieces, are mere ske- Vercelli, 1780 ; into German by H. P. C. Henke,
letons or fragments. No one believes these to be 3 vols. 8vo. Helinstaedt, 1775—1777; republished
the genuine productions of Quintilian, although with corrections and additions, by J. Billerbeck,
some of them were unquestionably received as 3 vols. 8vo. Helmstaedt, 1825.
such by Lactantius and Jerome, and few suppose
The Declamations have been translated into
that they proceeded from any one individual. English by Warr, 8vo. Lond. 1686 (published
They apparently belong not only to different per- anonymously); into French by Du Teil, 4to. Paris,
sons, but to different periods, and neither in style 1658 (the larger declamations only); into Italian
nor in substance do they offer any thing which is by Orazio Toscanella, 4to. Venez. 1586 ; and into
either attractive or useful. The conjecture, founded German by J. H. Steffens, Evo. Zelle, 1767 (a se-
on a sentence in Trebellius Pollio (Trig. Tyran. | lection only).
(W. R. )
iv. ), that they ought to be ascribed to the younger QUINTILIANUS, NONIUS. 1. Sex. No-
Postumus, does not admit of proof or refutation. NIUS L. F. L. N. QUINTILIANUS, was consul a. D.
At the end of the eighth book of the Institu- | 8 with M. Furius Camillus (Fasti Capit. ; Dion
tions, we read “ Sed de hoc satis, quia eundem Cass. lv. 33). It appears from coins that he was
locum plenius in eo libro quo cuusus corruptae also triumvir of the mint under Augustus (Eckhel,
cloquentiae reddebamus, tractavimus. " These words vol. v. p. 26-2).
have very naturally led some scholars to conclude 2. Sex. Nonius QUINTILIANUS, probably a
that the well-known anonymous Dialogus de Ora- son of the preceding, was consul suffectus in the
toribus, written in the sixth year of Vespasian reign of Caligula, A. D. 40 (Fasti).
(see c. 17), and which often, although upon no QUINTI'LIUS CONDIA'NUS. [CONDLA-
good authority, bears the second title Sire de Nus. )
Causis Corruptae Eloquentiae, ought to be assigned QUINTI'LIUS MAXIMUS. [CONDIANUS. ]
to Quintilian. This hypothesis, for many reasons, QUINTI'LIUS, a gem-engraver, of unknown
cannot be maintained, but the authorship of the time. Two of his works are extant ; the one
tract may with greater propriety be discussed under representing Neptune drawn by two sea-horses,
Tacitus, among whose works it is now generally cut in beryl (Stosch, No. 57 ; Bracci, pl. 100);
printed.
the other a naked Mercury (Spilsbury Gems, No.
The first MS. of Quintilian was discovered in 27).
[P. S. )
the monastery of St. Gall by Poggio the Floren- QUINTILLUS, M. AURE'LIUS, the brother
tine, when he was attending the council of Con- of the emperor M. Aurelius Claudius Gothicus,
stance, and is probably the same with the Codex was elevated to the throne by the troops whom he
Laurentianus, now preserved at Florence.
commanded at Aquileia, in A. D. 270. But as the
The Editio Princeps of the Institutions was army at Sirmium, where Claudius died, had pro-
printed at Rome by Phil. de Lignamine, fol. 1470, claimed Aurelian emperor, Quintillus put an end
with a letter prefixed from J. A. Campanus to to his own life, seeing himself deserted by his own
Cardinal F. Piccolomini, and a second edition was soldiers, to whom the rigour of his discipline
printed at the same place in the same year, by had given offence. Most of the ancient writers
Sweynheim and Pannartz, with an address from say that he reigned only seventeen days ; but
Andrew Bishop of Aleria to Pope Paul the Second. since we find a great number of his coins, it is
These were followed by the edition of Jenson, fol. probable that he enjoyed the imperial dignity for a
Venet. 1471, and at least eight more appeared few months, as Zosimus states. He had two
before the end of the fifteenth century. The nine children. His character is said to have been un-
teen larger Declamations and The Institutions were blemished, and his praises are sounded in the
first published together at Treviso, fol. 1482. same lofty strain as those of his brother. (See
One hundred and thirty-six of the shorter de-Vol. I. p. 777. ) (Trebell Poll. Claud. 10, 12,
clamations were first published at Parma by Tadeus 13; Eutrop. ix. 12 ; Vict. Epit. 34 ; Zosim. i.
Ugoletus in 1494, were reprinted at Paris in 47 ; Eckhel, vol. vii. pp. 477, 478. )
1509, and again at the same place with the notes
and emendations of Petrus Aerodius in 1563. The
remaining nine were added from an ancient MS.
by Petrus Pithoeus (Paris, 8vo. 1580), who ap-
pended to them fifty-one pieces of a similar de-
scription bearing the title “ Ex Calpurnio Flacco
Excerptae X. Rhetorum Minorum. ”
The most important editions of Quintilian are,
that of Burmann, 2 vols. 4to.