Lanigan, it is much more probable, that they did not proceed to France, as
companions
of Columbanus.
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DEVOTIONS FOR CONFESSION AND HOLY COMMUNION,
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" In all Catholic prayer-books some pages
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We tmst circula-
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
jfirst ©ap of april.
ARTICLE I. —ST. CAIDOC. AND ST. FRICOR, OR ADRIEN, APOSTLES OF THE MOiyNI, IN FRANCE.
[S/XTH AND SEVENTH CENTURIES. ]
CHAPTER I.
rSTRODUCTION—ACCOUNTS OF ST. CAIDOC, OR CAIDAN, AND OF ST. FRICOR, OR ADRIEN —BORN IN IRELAND, THEY DESIRE TO BECO. ME MISSIONARIES IN FRANCE—THEY PREACH AMONG THE MORINI, AND RECEIVE PROTECTION FROM ST. RICARIUS—HIS CONVERSION, OWING TO THEIR HOLY INSTRUCTIONS.
lively Faith and noble Charity, which urge men to sanctify them-
THAT in the first and next to communicate their
selves, instance, happiness
to others, deserve and obtain highest rewards, from the Almighty Ruler of the human race, He has created and preservrti. Nor does our Divine Lord fail to satisfy the most ardent desires of his servants, and to recompense
We should form most exalted ideas, regarding the all-important affair of salvation, when we reflect on sacrifices made by holy men, in contributing towards the sanctification of their fellow-mortals, redeemed by the precious blood of Jesus Christ. Full of disinterested zeal and love, the missionaries of our holy Church, in all ages, have been ready to accomplish any amount of labour and privation, to abandon endearments and ties of family affection and kindred, and to leave their native country for the shores of distant lands. Whilst in many instances, they went forth in tears, scattering the seeds of the Gospel, an earnest desire to promote the happiness of those creatures, whom God had formed with
souls capable of knowing and loving Him, made them hope for a good result, when it should please the Almighty to give increase. Such reflections con- ferred a pleasure and consolation, the world could not take away, and caused them to disregard every individual inconvenience, while making efforts to procure the salvation of sinners. They powerfully contributed, in this manner, tosecuretheirownhappiness. Fullofwisdomandearnestness,andwithsouls ardently aspiring to the attainment of things worthy a Christian missionary's ambition, we should not feel surprised, that God's blessing followed on their track, and wrought wonders through their preaching and ministry. Exertions made through the charity of these holy men, to save their benighted brethren's souls, should serve as examples for us, to labour with a persever- ing ardour to secure our own and others' salvation. This great and only important affair ought ever present itself before our minds, and inspire us with a resolution, to resist and to overcome the assaults of all our spiritual
them immeasurably for their labours in this life.
Vou IV. —No. I. A
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i.
enemies. Whatwillitavailus,thatearlymissionarieshadrescuedourfore- fathers from degrading errors and idolatries, if their descendants set up idols, which modern Christians depravedly worship ? And, if the Bishops and Pastors of our Church, at this present day, are occupied with the sacred duties of their mission among us, shall we be found disinclined to go forth into the vineyard, and labour there, when we hear their pressing solicitations ? If we toil not here, we cannot expect to be at rest hereafter, nor to enjoy those fruits, which will ripen for the just, when the harvest of souls must be gathered,andwhenthelabouroftheirlivesshallceaseonthisearth. These considerations are preparatory to the record of life trial and of everlasting
triumph, to which our readers are now brought, and which begins with the Irish Calendar entries for this month.
From the sixth to the eighth century, the Irish Scots were indefatigable, inpreachingtheGospelontheEuropeanContinent. " Amongthesepersons, most distinguished for their zeal and piety, we may regard St. Caidoc, and St, Fricor, or Adrien, as entitled to rank high, among the missionaries from Ireland. The BoUandists have only a very passing allusion to them, at the
ist of April, when they are commemorated, by the Irish, Scottish and
English Martyrologies, although the people of Centule had referred their veneration, to the 30th of May. '' Their Lives are to be met with, in various
collections and works, relating to sacred biography, thus : Malbranq,3 Saussay,^ Colgan,' Mabillon,« Bishop Challenor,? the Abb^ Corblet,* and other writers, have recorded their names and labours, as referring to their services, in the fold of Christ.
St. Caidoc 9 is also named Caidan, or Caidin, according to the structural proclivities of the Irish language, especially in the variation of proper names. '" His festival is placed, at the 24th of January," by Colgan," who afterwards unitesthenameofCaidocwiththatofAdrien,atthe31stofMarch;'3 but, without affording any good reason for such assignation. These apostolic men were natives of Ireland,'^ according to Alcuinus Flaccus,"s Malbranq,
withotherwriters and,theyaresaid'*tohavebeendisciplesorcom- Saussay, ;
panions of St. Columbanus,'? with whom they visited France, in the reign of Sigebert,'^ King of Austrasia,»9 and, towards the latter part of the sixth
Article i. —Chapter i. —' See " Iros-
choUische Missionskirche der 6—8 jahr-
hundrets," by Dr. G. H. A. Ebrard. This
valuable work has been published, by tion of Caidoc to Caidan or Caidin.
Guiker, at Cologne, A. D. 1873.
» See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. ,
Aprilis i. Among the pretermitted saints, p_ 3_
sin his work, "De Morinis," lib. ii. ,
« " Gallicanum. " In his Martyrologiutn
sSee "AcU Sanctorum Hibemiae," Martii xxxi. De SS. Adriano et Caidoco,
". S^* °'"' brief notice, at that date,
Article ix.
""
See, Colgan's Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
niae," xxiv. Januarii, pp. 161, 162, 163, with notes,
'' See ibid. , xxxi. Martii, pp. 797, 798,
with notes.
"See Bishop Challoner's "Britannia
cap. 35.
to
'See "Annales Ordinis S. Benedict! ,"
Apostoljs Morinorum, pp. 797
799.
tomus i. , lib. xi. , sect. Ix. , p. 336.
' See " Britannia Sancta," part i. , p. 205. dotes. "
' "De Hagiographie du Diocese By Malbranque,
"
'The
d'Amiens," par M. abbe Corblet, contains notices of St. Caidoc and of St. Fricor.
9 Colgan remarks, that he is different ftom St. Caidoc, who died A. D. 710, as
Monms,
of lona. See " Acta Sanctorum
Bishop
Hibemia," Januarii xxiv. , n. 2, pp. 162, his Appendix ad Martyrologium Bene-
163.
oictinum.
'"> There is a constant interchange of Irish diminutives, such as an, en, in, oc and og; hence, in the present name, the transi-
799,
Sacra," part i. , p. 205.
"S Speaking of Caidoc, who came
"
de
Hibemiae partibus," he mentions a com- panion, and he calls them "duos Sacer-
. . lib. u. ,
cap. 55.
" See his Life, at the 21st of November.
'* bert.
'» According to Malbranq and Menard, m "
,
Jonas was mistaken, as regards Sige-
, »,
April i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
century. '" But, this appears to have been too early a date, for their arrival
^'
in that country," since in St. Ricarius'
it is stated, that St. Caidoc and his companion St. P'ricor entered France, during the reign of King Dagobert 1. ^5 This did not commence, before a. d.
622. He was a most potent and religious prince, anxious in every way to aid those worthy of his patronage, and especially the servants of Christ. He was husband to the ill-fated Brunechilde. The two Irishmen entered
Ponthieu =* in district,
——
were in
and both missionaries appear to have attained the same ecclesiastical rank,"' while they are not spoken of as monks. Hence, it may be inferred, that over thirty years, after the arrival of St Columbanus in France, must be allowed
for the migration of St. Caidoc and of St. Fricor, into that country.
The chief object of these holy men was to spread a knowledge of Christ's
Gospel, among people, living in that part of the country, bordering the Somme, and then known by the name Morini. Our missionaries were ill-used,'^ and
ignominiously treated, at first, by this rude nation,'' and they were almost compelled to leave, when a certain young nobleman,3° called Ricarius,^' who lived at Centule, came to their aid. '' He brought them to his house, for
protection; and,havingrepelledtheinsolenceoftheirpersecutors,hetreated those holy pilgrims with the greatest kindness and courtesy. 33 In return for such protection, the strangers announced to him lessons of Divine wisdom,
. which he received, with all humility and attention. The result was, being moved with compunction for foUies of his past life, Ricarius burst into tears, and afterwards made a confession of his sins. In fine, this generous man divided his property among the poor ; only reserving a portion of it, for a religious foundation. He erected the monastery of Centule, it is said, in the year 625,34 or as other accounts have it, in the year 627. Then he re- nounced the world and its allurements, in the retirement of this house. 35
"The date given, for this event, by eos expellere. "—Surius, "De Probatis
Malbranque, is A. D. 591, apparently relying
Sanctorum Vitis," tomus ii. , xxvi. Aprilis. Vita S. Richarii.
"
on the Chronicon. "
of a
quoted
" Richariecse
authority
" For various weighty reasons, adduced by Dr.
Lanigan, it is much more probable, that they did not proceed to France, as companions of Columbanus. See " Eccle- siastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap. xvi. , sect, v. , n. 31, p. 443.
" Of Centule.
Les
'' This is published by Surius, at the 26th of April.
* Saussay has it " S. Richario turn adhuc adoloscente. "
3' See Malbranq, "DeMorinis," lib. ii. ,
chap. 55.
» It is much more probable, that they
were not disciples of Columbanus, and that it was just after their landing in France, as Fleury says, that they fell in with Richarius. See " Histoire Ecclesiastique," tome viii. , liv. xxxvii. , sect, xxviii. , p. 269.
^ See Dr. " Ecclesiastical His- Lanigan's
tory of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xvi. , sect, v. , p. 442.
'<AccordingtotheAbbeFleury. AtA. D. 627, Mabillon says, that it was founded, not
' Sumamed Flaccus.
'5 See an account of this prince, in "His- toire de France," par L. P. Anquetil, Pre- miSre Race dite des sect,
PP- 52. 53-
* " Ad pagum Pontivum," according to
Saussay, and we are told, it lay near the maritime parts of Gaul.
"7
Saussay, in his Appendix to the long before Dagobert acquired the kingdom
Picardy
others have it that
they
Belgium
Merovingiens, v. ,
Martyrology of the French Saints, states, that they were priests.
"•
In the Life of St. Ricarius, it is related : "Sed a rusticis, et popularibus illius loci propter insolentiam morum non sunt sus- cepti, nee digno eorum sanctitate honore tractati : sed magnis injuriis afflictos, et opprobriis castigates, a finibus suis caeperunt
of Neustria, after the death of his father Clotharius II. , in 628.
35 The Life of this saint, Richarius, will be found in Surius' " De Probatis Sanctorum Vitis," vol. ii. , at xxvi. Aprilis, his festival. See, also, the Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. iv. , at the 26th of April.
Life,'3 written by Albin, or Alcuin,'*
»» See Le Comte de Montalembert's Moines de I'Occident," tome ii. , liv. , ix. , chap, v. , sect, v. , p. 607.
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i.
CHAPTER II.
THE JOURNEY OF RICHARIUS TO ROME, IN COMPANY WITH ST. CAIDOC—ASSUMING THE MONASTIC HABIT, RICHARIUS RECEIVES DIRECTION AND ADVICE FROM THE IRISH MISSIONARIES—THEIR DEATH AND HONOURS PAID TO THEIR MEMORY—MARTYR- OLOGIES COMMEMORATING THEM—CONCLUSION.
RICHARIUS is said to have proceeded towards Rome, in company with St. Caidoc' On their return, the latter embraced a monastic life, in Centule Monastery,overwliichRichariuspresidedasAbbot. But,theSuperior,not- withstanding, received the instruction of his first teachers, as from Caidoc and Fricor he had already learned many useful lessons, regarding the monastic state. St. Caidoc, with his companion Fricor, who changed his name to Adrien, after the conversion of Richarius, and protected by his in- fluence, preached the Gospel with considerable success, among the Morini.
St. Caidoc died, about the year 640, and he was buried in Centule
Monastery. Thetomb,placedoverhisremains,beingdefacedthroughthe effects of time, St. Angilbert, who was Abbot of Centule, in the rejgn of
Charlemagne, had it restored. ' An epitaph was inscribed upon it, in golden letters,3andintheLatinlanguage. * St. FricoralsobecameamonkatCen- tule, and he was there buried. According to Mabillon's arrangement, these transactions are placed, under a. d. 627. 5 The date for this saint's death, as likewise, for that of his companion, Caidoc, is assigned by the English Martyrology,* to about a. d. 640. The sacred remains of both saints were preserved, at Ponthieu, and they were held, by the faithful, in great vene- ration. ? The names of St. Caidoc, or Caidan, as also of St. Fricor, or Adrien, are placed at the ist day of April, in the English Martyrology of John Wilson ; while by Dempster,* and by Philip Ferrarius,' they are noticed, at the same date. Father Stephen White '° commemorates both St. Adrian and St. Cadoch, on the ist of April, at Ponthieu. In the Anonymous Catalogue, as published by O'SuUevan Beare," at the ist of April, both those
Chapter ii. —' to xxxi. Martii. Vitae Sanctorum According Saussay's niae,"
Gallic Martyrology. Adriani et Caidoci, p. 799.
'"'
See, xxxi. Martii.
Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," Vitse SS. Adriani et Caidoci,
It is remarked hiy Colgan, that Demspter was the rather unsafe guide, followed by the
English Martyrology and by Ferrarius, and
p. 797-
3 See the second Appendix to Hugh
he preferred to place those festivals, at the " *'
Menard's Martyrologium Benedictinum. —" * The following were the metrical lines :
31st of March : quam in aliam nobis aeque
incertam cum citati diflferre, pra:sertim
videantur sequuti fidem Dempsterii ; qui Sanctis ad placitum natales, uti et patriam his, nempe novam Scotiam assigiiat ; in au—a nee pedem unquam posuisse leguntur. ' Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," xxxi. Martii, n. i, p. 799. Although Dempster may be a doubtful authority, yet as he has been followed by Ferrarius and the English Martjrrology, in assigning the 1st of April, as the day of these saints' festivals, I have preferred their arrangement, to the more arbitrary one of Colgan.
"
Mole sub hac tegitur Cadiocus jure Sacerdos,
Scotia quem genuit, Gallica terra tegit,
Hie Domini Christi, gaudens praecepta secutus ;
Contempsit patrias, mente beatus opes. Hinc sibi concrevit, centeni Copia fruc-
tus ;
Et meruit aetherei prasmia larga soli.
Hinc Anoilbertus, fretus pietate magistri, Et tumulo carmen condidit et tumu-
lum. "
5 See "Annales Ordinis S. Benedict! ,"
tomus i. , lib.
"
i. , lib. iv. , cap. xii. , p. 56.
xi. , sect. Ix. , p. 336. Written by John Wilson.
See O'Sullevnn Beare's
Historiae
'
' See •' Colgan's
Acta SiUictorum Hiber-
» In Catalogo Generali.
"See " iv. , p. 41.
Apologia pro
Hibemia,"
cap.
" Catholicas Iberniae Compendium," tomus
April i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
saints are set down as Sadoc " and Adrianus. Henry Fitzsimon has them— as bishops—at this same date's In addition, Colgan appears to have in- tended treating about St. Cadoc and Adrian, at the ist of April. '* Such arrangement we prefer adopting, for a reason, so far as we are aware, that there is no contradictory statement, calculated to disprove this latter date, for the festival of these holypersons, who laboured so zealously to serve their fellow- beings, and whose merits were so well appreciated by the people, for whom theyprayedandwatched. Theirmissionwaspeace,andtheirmostardent desires were manifested, by bringing into the pale of Christ's Church scattered flocks, straying from the paths of duty, or moving in the by-places of darkness anderror. Thatmenmightbecomfortedandenriched,byspiritualblessings, was their object ; while the communications of the Holy Ghost to his elect were revealed to happy souls, desirous to obtain heavenly treasures, through the shepherds who guided them to sweet pastures.
Article H. —St. Ceallach, or Kellachus, Archbishop of Armagh, County OF Ar-Magh. \Ninth Century^ The Bollandists have observed, that at the ist of April, in the Martyrologies of Marianus O'Gorman and of Donegal,acertainKellachus,thesonofSoerguss,wascommemorated. He
'
asserts, that his name is not to be found among the Prelates of that see, as -hewasonlyasuffraganBishopofSt. Malbrigid. ' Thelatterissaidtohave occupied the see of Armagh, for a long time, both before and after the exercise of episcopal functions, by the present holy man, who is thought to have died,
a. d. 898,* or as some say, 903. 5 There is, likewise, a Ceallach,* Deacon of Gleann-da-locha, in Leinster, adds the O'Clerys' Calendar. Whosoever of these two saints is called Ceallach, son of Connmach, must have been in-
"
Patrick of the fort of Macha loves," &c. This is still known as the great fortress, on a most commanding site, about two miles west of where the city of Armagh is built,
and it remained, during many centuries, the chief seat of the kings of Ulster. The fortress and its circumvallations were planned,' by the heroine, Macha Mongrua, or Macha of the Red Hair, the daughter of Aedh Ruadh. ' In Irish traditional history, she was a famous queen, who flourished seven
is called an anchoret, as also an Archbishop of Armagh ; although Colgan
tended in this stanza, which is in the Poem,' beginning with,
** a for Cadoc. Evidently misprint
Sancto- mantle muin, 'neck,") and (eo, "pin,"
'* They are so set down, in his "Catalogus
" The Vita S. Richarii, Mart. Anglic,
and Surius, are cited, in reference to Saints
Adrianus and Caidocus, Epis. , in Henry the plan of the fort with the neclc pin of her
Fitz->imon's " rum Hibemiae. "
Actuum Sanctorum
ordini Mensium—et Dicrum. "
MS.
hence its name ; while she compelled the sons of Uithorb to worlc at its erection. See " Cambrensis Eversus," Gr. itianus
Catalogus aliquorum
Article ii. 'See "Acta Sanctorum,"
tomusi. , Aprilisi. Amongthepretermitted saints, p. 2.
•See "Trias Thaumaturga," Septima Appendix ad Acta S. Patricii, pars, iii. , p. 296.
' His Life has been given, at the 22nd of February, the day for his feast.
* According to Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 558, 559.
i. , pp. 442, 443. »RedHughandhiscousinsDithorbaand
Kimlioath, by agreement ruled Erin in turn, each for seven years ; and at the end of his third reign of seven years. Red Hugh was drowned at the waterfall, thence called Eas Aedha-Ruaidh, " As-a-roe. " Uilhorba and Kimboath having each reigned seven years alter this, Macha claimed to reign as her father's successor. . She was relused, but
quae
habentur,
by
Lucius, edited by Rev. Matthew Kelly, vol.
5 See Harris' Ware, vol. i. , "Arch- fought a iiattle, in which she defeated both
bishops of Armagh," p. 47.
* This saint is venerated, at the 7th of
October.
her antagonists. Uitliorba was soon afier- wards slain, and Macha toolt Kimboath as her husband and gave him the sovereignty.
' This metrical eflimon Cuimin of Coin- deire is said to have composed,
' that Macha drew Legend says, Queen
6 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i. centuriesbeforetheChristianera. TheLatinformofthenamegiventoher
" an Avam. " " The large earthen mounds still encircle the hill, which is now corruptly called"TheNavan. " Incourseoftime,theadjoiningcitytookfromitthe nameArdMacha,"theheightofMacha,"nowArmagh. Acorrectdrawing
palace was Emania, from the Irish, an Eamam,^° pronounced,
Fort of Emania, near Armagh.
of this very remarkable fort is here presented.
to aid '— -
ofthe' -
tax, an . .
compreliensive, as a manual, for more aa- contain every instruction necessary for vanced scholars. "—Tuam News. making the student acquainted with the
"This grammar is ihe neatest nnd cheapest Greek language. It can safely he recom-
, ,
syn- It will be found suffic cntly
'"ntsina facile acquisition
accents. The rules are plain and practical
iisinns, n-, conjii;. ^ali'
tlirmghout,
examples
we have yet seen, and comprised within a limited numl>cr of pages, iis rules and ex-
amples are thornu;;hlycomp'ete. The pub- lication will be of great utility and advantage
to the teacher in facilitating hLs pupil's pro- gress. The clear and most accurate typo- graphy reflects great credit on the united care and capaiiility both of author and publisher. This little wiirk is critically and elaborately
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DEVOTIONS FOR CONFESSION AND HOLY COMMUNION,
Thomas Richardson and Son, London, Dublin and Derby, 1866, i8mo.
"The title of this devotional work is very
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"The book is divided into two parts, the first of which contains General Instructions regarding the Sacrament of Penance ; In- structions regarding the principles of our Moral Actions and their practical application to ourselves ; the obligations of Different States of Life ; Prayers before and after Confession and Absolution ; Regulations for
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" In all Catholic prayer-books some pages
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We tmst circula-
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
jfirst ©ap of april.
ARTICLE I. —ST. CAIDOC. AND ST. FRICOR, OR ADRIEN, APOSTLES OF THE MOiyNI, IN FRANCE.
[S/XTH AND SEVENTH CENTURIES. ]
CHAPTER I.
rSTRODUCTION—ACCOUNTS OF ST. CAIDOC, OR CAIDAN, AND OF ST. FRICOR, OR ADRIEN —BORN IN IRELAND, THEY DESIRE TO BECO. ME MISSIONARIES IN FRANCE—THEY PREACH AMONG THE MORINI, AND RECEIVE PROTECTION FROM ST. RICARIUS—HIS CONVERSION, OWING TO THEIR HOLY INSTRUCTIONS.
lively Faith and noble Charity, which urge men to sanctify them-
THAT in the first and next to communicate their
selves, instance, happiness
to others, deserve and obtain highest rewards, from the Almighty Ruler of the human race, He has created and preservrti. Nor does our Divine Lord fail to satisfy the most ardent desires of his servants, and to recompense
We should form most exalted ideas, regarding the all-important affair of salvation, when we reflect on sacrifices made by holy men, in contributing towards the sanctification of their fellow-mortals, redeemed by the precious blood of Jesus Christ. Full of disinterested zeal and love, the missionaries of our holy Church, in all ages, have been ready to accomplish any amount of labour and privation, to abandon endearments and ties of family affection and kindred, and to leave their native country for the shores of distant lands. Whilst in many instances, they went forth in tears, scattering the seeds of the Gospel, an earnest desire to promote the happiness of those creatures, whom God had formed with
souls capable of knowing and loving Him, made them hope for a good result, when it should please the Almighty to give increase. Such reflections con- ferred a pleasure and consolation, the world could not take away, and caused them to disregard every individual inconvenience, while making efforts to procure the salvation of sinners. They powerfully contributed, in this manner, tosecuretheirownhappiness. Fullofwisdomandearnestness,andwithsouls ardently aspiring to the attainment of things worthy a Christian missionary's ambition, we should not feel surprised, that God's blessing followed on their track, and wrought wonders through their preaching and ministry. Exertions made through the charity of these holy men, to save their benighted brethren's souls, should serve as examples for us, to labour with a persever- ing ardour to secure our own and others' salvation. This great and only important affair ought ever present itself before our minds, and inspire us with a resolution, to resist and to overcome the assaults of all our spiritual
them immeasurably for their labours in this life.
Vou IV. —No. I. A
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i.
enemies. Whatwillitavailus,thatearlymissionarieshadrescuedourfore- fathers from degrading errors and idolatries, if their descendants set up idols, which modern Christians depravedly worship ? And, if the Bishops and Pastors of our Church, at this present day, are occupied with the sacred duties of their mission among us, shall we be found disinclined to go forth into the vineyard, and labour there, when we hear their pressing solicitations ? If we toil not here, we cannot expect to be at rest hereafter, nor to enjoy those fruits, which will ripen for the just, when the harvest of souls must be gathered,andwhenthelabouroftheirlivesshallceaseonthisearth. These considerations are preparatory to the record of life trial and of everlasting
triumph, to which our readers are now brought, and which begins with the Irish Calendar entries for this month.
From the sixth to the eighth century, the Irish Scots were indefatigable, inpreachingtheGospelontheEuropeanContinent. " Amongthesepersons, most distinguished for their zeal and piety, we may regard St. Caidoc, and St, Fricor, or Adrien, as entitled to rank high, among the missionaries from Ireland. The BoUandists have only a very passing allusion to them, at the
ist of April, when they are commemorated, by the Irish, Scottish and
English Martyrologies, although the people of Centule had referred their veneration, to the 30th of May. '' Their Lives are to be met with, in various
collections and works, relating to sacred biography, thus : Malbranq,3 Saussay,^ Colgan,' Mabillon,« Bishop Challenor,? the Abb^ Corblet,* and other writers, have recorded their names and labours, as referring to their services, in the fold of Christ.
St. Caidoc 9 is also named Caidan, or Caidin, according to the structural proclivities of the Irish language, especially in the variation of proper names. '" His festival is placed, at the 24th of January," by Colgan," who afterwards unitesthenameofCaidocwiththatofAdrien,atthe31stofMarch;'3 but, without affording any good reason for such assignation. These apostolic men were natives of Ireland,'^ according to Alcuinus Flaccus,"s Malbranq,
withotherwriters and,theyaresaid'*tohavebeendisciplesorcom- Saussay, ;
panions of St. Columbanus,'? with whom they visited France, in the reign of Sigebert,'^ King of Austrasia,»9 and, towards the latter part of the sixth
Article i. —Chapter i. —' See " Iros-
choUische Missionskirche der 6—8 jahr-
hundrets," by Dr. G. H. A. Ebrard. This
valuable work has been published, by tion of Caidoc to Caidan or Caidin.
Guiker, at Cologne, A. D. 1873.
» See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. ,
Aprilis i. Among the pretermitted saints, p_ 3_
sin his work, "De Morinis," lib. ii. ,
« " Gallicanum. " In his Martyrologiutn
sSee "AcU Sanctorum Hibemiae," Martii xxxi. De SS. Adriano et Caidoco,
". S^* °'"' brief notice, at that date,
Article ix.
""
See, Colgan's Acta Sanctorum Hiber-
niae," xxiv. Januarii, pp. 161, 162, 163, with notes,
'' See ibid. , xxxi. Martii, pp. 797, 798,
with notes.
"See Bishop Challoner's "Britannia
cap. 35.
to
'See "Annales Ordinis S. Benedict! ,"
Apostoljs Morinorum, pp. 797
799.
tomus i. , lib. xi. , sect. Ix. , p. 336.
' See " Britannia Sancta," part i. , p. 205. dotes. "
' "De Hagiographie du Diocese By Malbranque,
"
'The
d'Amiens," par M. abbe Corblet, contains notices of St. Caidoc and of St. Fricor.
9 Colgan remarks, that he is different ftom St. Caidoc, who died A. D. 710, as
Monms,
of lona. See " Acta Sanctorum
Bishop
Hibemia," Januarii xxiv. , n. 2, pp. 162, his Appendix ad Martyrologium Bene-
163.
oictinum.
'"> There is a constant interchange of Irish diminutives, such as an, en, in, oc and og; hence, in the present name, the transi-
799,
Sacra," part i. , p. 205.
"S Speaking of Caidoc, who came
"
de
Hibemiae partibus," he mentions a com- panion, and he calls them "duos Sacer-
. . lib. u. ,
cap. 55.
" See his Life, at the 21st of November.
'* bert.
'» According to Malbranq and Menard, m "
,
Jonas was mistaken, as regards Sige-
, »,
April i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
century. '" But, this appears to have been too early a date, for their arrival
^'
in that country," since in St. Ricarius'
it is stated, that St. Caidoc and his companion St. P'ricor entered France, during the reign of King Dagobert 1. ^5 This did not commence, before a. d.
622. He was a most potent and religious prince, anxious in every way to aid those worthy of his patronage, and especially the servants of Christ. He was husband to the ill-fated Brunechilde. The two Irishmen entered
Ponthieu =* in district,
——
were in
and both missionaries appear to have attained the same ecclesiastical rank,"' while they are not spoken of as monks. Hence, it may be inferred, that over thirty years, after the arrival of St Columbanus in France, must be allowed
for the migration of St. Caidoc and of St. Fricor, into that country.
The chief object of these holy men was to spread a knowledge of Christ's
Gospel, among people, living in that part of the country, bordering the Somme, and then known by the name Morini. Our missionaries were ill-used,'^ and
ignominiously treated, at first, by this rude nation,'' and they were almost compelled to leave, when a certain young nobleman,3° called Ricarius,^' who lived at Centule, came to their aid. '' He brought them to his house, for
protection; and,havingrepelledtheinsolenceoftheirpersecutors,hetreated those holy pilgrims with the greatest kindness and courtesy. 33 In return for such protection, the strangers announced to him lessons of Divine wisdom,
. which he received, with all humility and attention. The result was, being moved with compunction for foUies of his past life, Ricarius burst into tears, and afterwards made a confession of his sins. In fine, this generous man divided his property among the poor ; only reserving a portion of it, for a religious foundation. He erected the monastery of Centule, it is said, in the year 625,34 or as other accounts have it, in the year 627. Then he re- nounced the world and its allurements, in the retirement of this house. 35
"The date given, for this event, by eos expellere. "—Surius, "De Probatis
Malbranque, is A. D. 591, apparently relying
Sanctorum Vitis," tomus ii. , xxvi. Aprilis. Vita S. Richarii.
"
on the Chronicon. "
of a
quoted
" Richariecse
authority
" For various weighty reasons, adduced by Dr.
Lanigan, it is much more probable, that they did not proceed to France, as companions of Columbanus. See " Eccle- siastical History of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap. xvi. , sect, v. , n. 31, p. 443.
" Of Centule.
Les
'' This is published by Surius, at the 26th of April.
* Saussay has it " S. Richario turn adhuc adoloscente. "
3' See Malbranq, "DeMorinis," lib. ii. ,
chap. 55.
» It is much more probable, that they
were not disciples of Columbanus, and that it was just after their landing in France, as Fleury says, that they fell in with Richarius. See " Histoire Ecclesiastique," tome viii. , liv. xxxvii. , sect, xxviii. , p. 269.
^ See Dr. " Ecclesiastical His- Lanigan's
tory of Ireland," vol. ii. , chap, xvi. , sect, v. , p. 442.
'<AccordingtotheAbbeFleury. AtA. D. 627, Mabillon says, that it was founded, not
' Sumamed Flaccus.
'5 See an account of this prince, in "His- toire de France," par L. P. Anquetil, Pre- miSre Race dite des sect,
PP- 52. 53-
* " Ad pagum Pontivum," according to
Saussay, and we are told, it lay near the maritime parts of Gaul.
"7
Saussay, in his Appendix to the long before Dagobert acquired the kingdom
Picardy
others have it that
they
Belgium
Merovingiens, v. ,
Martyrology of the French Saints, states, that they were priests.
"•
In the Life of St. Ricarius, it is related : "Sed a rusticis, et popularibus illius loci propter insolentiam morum non sunt sus- cepti, nee digno eorum sanctitate honore tractati : sed magnis injuriis afflictos, et opprobriis castigates, a finibus suis caeperunt
of Neustria, after the death of his father Clotharius II. , in 628.
35 The Life of this saint, Richarius, will be found in Surius' " De Probatis Sanctorum Vitis," vol. ii. , at xxvi. Aprilis, his festival. See, also, the Rev. Alban Butler's "Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints," vol. iv. , at the 26th of April.
Life,'3 written by Albin, or Alcuin,'*
»» See Le Comte de Montalembert's Moines de I'Occident," tome ii. , liv. , ix. , chap, v. , sect, v. , p. 607.
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i.
CHAPTER II.
THE JOURNEY OF RICHARIUS TO ROME, IN COMPANY WITH ST. CAIDOC—ASSUMING THE MONASTIC HABIT, RICHARIUS RECEIVES DIRECTION AND ADVICE FROM THE IRISH MISSIONARIES—THEIR DEATH AND HONOURS PAID TO THEIR MEMORY—MARTYR- OLOGIES COMMEMORATING THEM—CONCLUSION.
RICHARIUS is said to have proceeded towards Rome, in company with St. Caidoc' On their return, the latter embraced a monastic life, in Centule Monastery,overwliichRichariuspresidedasAbbot. But,theSuperior,not- withstanding, received the instruction of his first teachers, as from Caidoc and Fricor he had already learned many useful lessons, regarding the monastic state. St. Caidoc, with his companion Fricor, who changed his name to Adrien, after the conversion of Richarius, and protected by his in- fluence, preached the Gospel with considerable success, among the Morini.
St. Caidoc died, about the year 640, and he was buried in Centule
Monastery. Thetomb,placedoverhisremains,beingdefacedthroughthe effects of time, St. Angilbert, who was Abbot of Centule, in the rejgn of
Charlemagne, had it restored. ' An epitaph was inscribed upon it, in golden letters,3andintheLatinlanguage. * St. FricoralsobecameamonkatCen- tule, and he was there buried. According to Mabillon's arrangement, these transactions are placed, under a. d. 627. 5 The date for this saint's death, as likewise, for that of his companion, Caidoc, is assigned by the English Martyrology,* to about a. d. 640. The sacred remains of both saints were preserved, at Ponthieu, and they were held, by the faithful, in great vene- ration. ? The names of St. Caidoc, or Caidan, as also of St. Fricor, or Adrien, are placed at the ist day of April, in the English Martyrology of John Wilson ; while by Dempster,* and by Philip Ferrarius,' they are noticed, at the same date. Father Stephen White '° commemorates both St. Adrian and St. Cadoch, on the ist of April, at Ponthieu. In the Anonymous Catalogue, as published by O'SuUevan Beare," at the ist of April, both those
Chapter ii. —' to xxxi. Martii. Vitae Sanctorum According Saussay's niae,"
Gallic Martyrology. Adriani et Caidoci, p. 799.
'"'
See, xxxi. Martii.
Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," Vitse SS. Adriani et Caidoci,
It is remarked hiy Colgan, that Demspter was the rather unsafe guide, followed by the
English Martyrology and by Ferrarius, and
p. 797-
3 See the second Appendix to Hugh
he preferred to place those festivals, at the " *'
Menard's Martyrologium Benedictinum. —" * The following were the metrical lines :
31st of March : quam in aliam nobis aeque
incertam cum citati diflferre, pra:sertim
videantur sequuti fidem Dempsterii ; qui Sanctis ad placitum natales, uti et patriam his, nempe novam Scotiam assigiiat ; in au—a nee pedem unquam posuisse leguntur. ' Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiberniae," xxxi. Martii, n. i, p. 799. Although Dempster may be a doubtful authority, yet as he has been followed by Ferrarius and the English Martjrrology, in assigning the 1st of April, as the day of these saints' festivals, I have preferred their arrangement, to the more arbitrary one of Colgan.
"
Mole sub hac tegitur Cadiocus jure Sacerdos,
Scotia quem genuit, Gallica terra tegit,
Hie Domini Christi, gaudens praecepta secutus ;
Contempsit patrias, mente beatus opes. Hinc sibi concrevit, centeni Copia fruc-
tus ;
Et meruit aetherei prasmia larga soli.
Hinc Anoilbertus, fretus pietate magistri, Et tumulo carmen condidit et tumu-
lum. "
5 See "Annales Ordinis S. Benedict! ,"
tomus i. , lib.
"
i. , lib. iv. , cap. xii. , p. 56.
xi. , sect. Ix. , p. 336. Written by John Wilson.
See O'Sullevnn Beare's
Historiae
'
' See •' Colgan's
Acta SiUictorum Hiber-
» In Catalogo Generali.
"See " iv. , p. 41.
Apologia pro
Hibemia,"
cap.
" Catholicas Iberniae Compendium," tomus
April i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
saints are set down as Sadoc " and Adrianus. Henry Fitzsimon has them— as bishops—at this same date's In addition, Colgan appears to have in- tended treating about St. Cadoc and Adrian, at the ist of April. '* Such arrangement we prefer adopting, for a reason, so far as we are aware, that there is no contradictory statement, calculated to disprove this latter date, for the festival of these holypersons, who laboured so zealously to serve their fellow- beings, and whose merits were so well appreciated by the people, for whom theyprayedandwatched. Theirmissionwaspeace,andtheirmostardent desires were manifested, by bringing into the pale of Christ's Church scattered flocks, straying from the paths of duty, or moving in the by-places of darkness anderror. Thatmenmightbecomfortedandenriched,byspiritualblessings, was their object ; while the communications of the Holy Ghost to his elect were revealed to happy souls, desirous to obtain heavenly treasures, through the shepherds who guided them to sweet pastures.
Article H. —St. Ceallach, or Kellachus, Archbishop of Armagh, County OF Ar-Magh. \Ninth Century^ The Bollandists have observed, that at the ist of April, in the Martyrologies of Marianus O'Gorman and of Donegal,acertainKellachus,thesonofSoerguss,wascommemorated. He
'
asserts, that his name is not to be found among the Prelates of that see, as -hewasonlyasuffraganBishopofSt. Malbrigid. ' Thelatterissaidtohave occupied the see of Armagh, for a long time, both before and after the exercise of episcopal functions, by the present holy man, who is thought to have died,
a. d. 898,* or as some say, 903. 5 There is, likewise, a Ceallach,* Deacon of Gleann-da-locha, in Leinster, adds the O'Clerys' Calendar. Whosoever of these two saints is called Ceallach, son of Connmach, must have been in-
"
Patrick of the fort of Macha loves," &c. This is still known as the great fortress, on a most commanding site, about two miles west of where the city of Armagh is built,
and it remained, during many centuries, the chief seat of the kings of Ulster. The fortress and its circumvallations were planned,' by the heroine, Macha Mongrua, or Macha of the Red Hair, the daughter of Aedh Ruadh. ' In Irish traditional history, she was a famous queen, who flourished seven
is called an anchoret, as also an Archbishop of Armagh ; although Colgan
tended in this stanza, which is in the Poem,' beginning with,
** a for Cadoc. Evidently misprint
Sancto- mantle muin, 'neck,") and (eo, "pin,"
'* They are so set down, in his "Catalogus
" The Vita S. Richarii, Mart. Anglic,
and Surius, are cited, in reference to Saints
Adrianus and Caidocus, Epis. , in Henry the plan of the fort with the neclc pin of her
Fitz->imon's " rum Hibemiae. "
Actuum Sanctorum
ordini Mensium—et Dicrum. "
MS.
hence its name ; while she compelled the sons of Uithorb to worlc at its erection. See " Cambrensis Eversus," Gr. itianus
Catalogus aliquorum
Article ii. 'See "Acta Sanctorum,"
tomusi. , Aprilisi. Amongthepretermitted saints, p. 2.
•See "Trias Thaumaturga," Septima Appendix ad Acta S. Patricii, pars, iii. , p. 296.
' His Life has been given, at the 22nd of February, the day for his feast.
* According to Dr. O'Donovan's " Annals of the Four Masters," vol. i. , pp. 558, 559.
i. , pp. 442, 443. »RedHughandhiscousinsDithorbaand
Kimlioath, by agreement ruled Erin in turn, each for seven years ; and at the end of his third reign of seven years. Red Hugh was drowned at the waterfall, thence called Eas Aedha-Ruaidh, " As-a-roe. " Uilhorba and Kimboath having each reigned seven years alter this, Macha claimed to reign as her father's successor. . She was relused, but
quae
habentur,
by
Lucius, edited by Rev. Matthew Kelly, vol.
5 See Harris' Ware, vol. i. , "Arch- fought a iiattle, in which she defeated both
bishops of Armagh," p. 47.
* This saint is venerated, at the 7th of
October.
her antagonists. Uitliorba was soon afier- wards slain, and Macha toolt Kimboath as her husband and gave him the sovereignty.
' This metrical eflimon Cuimin of Coin- deire is said to have composed,
' that Macha drew Legend says, Queen
6 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April i. centuriesbeforetheChristianera. TheLatinformofthenamegiventoher
" an Avam. " " The large earthen mounds still encircle the hill, which is now corruptly called"TheNavan. " Incourseoftime,theadjoiningcitytookfromitthe nameArdMacha,"theheightofMacha,"nowArmagh. Acorrectdrawing
palace was Emania, from the Irish, an Eamam,^° pronounced,
Fort of Emania, near Armagh.
of this very remarkable fort is here presented.
