Surnamed CRONOS, a native of lassus in moreover, quotes from the work of Apollonius
Caria, was a philosopher of the Megarian school, a Dyscolos passages which are not to be found in
pupil of Eubulides, and teacher of the celebrated the one which Meursius and others ascribe to him.
Caria, was a philosopher of the Megarian school, a Dyscolos passages which are not to be found in
pupil of Eubulides, and teacher of the celebrated the one which Meursius and others ascribe to him.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
H.
vol.
ii.
p.
147, &c.
)
pupil of Adrianus. He distinguished himself by
3. Of ALABANDA, surnamed Molon, likewise a his forensic eloquence, and taught rhetoric at
rhetorician, who left his country and went to Athens at the same time with Heracleides. He
Rhodes (Strabo, xiv. p. 655); but he appears to was appointed by the emperor to the chair of poli-
have also taught rhetoric at Rome for some time, as tical eloquence, with a salary of one talent. He
Cicero, who calls him a great pleader in the courts held several high offices in his native place, and
of justice and a great teacher, states that, in B. C. distinguished himself no less as a statesman and
88, he received instructions from him at Rome. diplomatist than as a rhetorician. His declama-
(Cic. Brut. 89. ) In B. c. 81, when Sulla was dic- tions are said to have excelled those of many of
tator, Apollonius came to Rome as ambassador of his predecessors in dignity, beauty, and propriety;
the Rhodians, on which occasion Cicero again be but he was often vehement and rythmical. " (Phi-
nefited by his instructions. (Brut. 90. ) Four lostr. V'it. Soph. ii. 20; Eudoc. p. 57, &c. )
years later, when Cicero returned from Asia, he 8. Of ATHENS, a son of Sotades, wrote a work
staid for some time in Rhodes, and had an oppor- on the obscene poetry of his father. (Athen. xiv.
tunity of admiring the practical eloquence of Apol- p. 620 ; Sotades. )
lonius in the courts as well as his skill in teaching, 9. Surnamed 'ATTale's, the author of a work
(Brut. 91. ) Apollonius is also called a distinc on dreams. (Artemid. Oneir. i. 34, iii. 28. )
guished writer, but none of his works has come 10. The son of CHA ERIS, a Greek writer, who
down to us. They appear however to have treated is referred to by the Scholiast on Aristophanes
on rhetorical subjects, and on the Homeric poems. (Vesp. 1231), and the Venetian Scholiast on Ho-
(Phoebam. i. p. 98; Porplıyt. Quaest. Homeric. p. mer. (1l. iii. 448; comp. Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iv.
10. ) Josephus (c. Apion. ii. 36) mentions some p. 275. )
work of his in which he spoke against the Jews. ll. Of CHALCEDON or Chalcis, or, according to
Julius Caesar was also one of his disciples (Plut. Dion Cassins (lxxi. 35) of Nicomedia, was invited
Caes. 3 ; Suet. Caes. 4 ; comp. Cic. ad Att. ii. 1, by the emperor Antoninus Pius to come to Rome,
Brut. 70, de Invent. i. 56; Plut. Cic. 4; Quintil. for the purpose of instructing his son Marcus in
iii. 1. § 16, xii. 6. $ 7. )
philosophy. (Capitolin. Antonin. Pius, 10; M. An-
4. Of APHRODISIAs in Cilicia, is called by Sui- tonin. de Rebus suis, i. 8; Lucian, Demon. 31;
das a high priest and an historian. He is said to comp. Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iii. p. 539. )
have written a work on the town of Tralles, a se- 12. A freedman of CRASSUS, to whom he was
cond on Orpheus and his mysteries, and a third on much attached. He afterwards became a useful
the history of Caria (Kapıká), of which the eigh- friend of Cicero's, and served in the army of J. Cae-
teenth book is mentioned, and which is often re- sar in the Alexandrine war, and also followed him
ferred to by Stephanus of Byzantium. (s. vv. Báp into Spain. He was a man of great diligence and
γασα, Χρυσαορίς, 'Αγκυρα, Χωλόν τείχος ; Εtym. learning, and anxious to write a history of the ex-
Μ. 5. υ. “Αρπασος, &c. )
ploits of Caesar. For this reason Cicero gave him
## p. 239 (#259) ############################################
APOLLONIUS.
239
APOLLONIUS.
** de
a very flattering letter of recommendation to Cae- of four new MSS. , is I. Bekker's, Berlin, 1817, 8vo.
sar. (Cic. ad Famil. xii. 6. )
2. Περί αντωνυμίας, “ de Pronoinine liber," was
13. A CHRISTIAN writer, whose parents and first edited by I. Bekker in the Museum. Antiq. Stud.
country are unknown, but who is believed to have i. 2, Berlin, 1811, 8vo. , and afterwards separately,
been bishop of Ephesus, and to have lived about Berlin, 1814, 8vo. 3. Tepi ouvdéouwv, "de Con-
the year A. D. 192. He wrote a work exposing junctionibus," and 4. Nepi étudimuatwv,
the errors and the conduct of the Christian sect | Adverbiis," are both printed in Bekker's Anecdot.
called Cataphryges, some fragments of which are ii. p. 477, &c.
preserved in Eusebius. (llist. Eccles. v. 18, 21. ) Among the works ascribed to Apollonius by
Tertullian defended the sect of the Montanists Suidas there is one repi katetevo Mévns iotopias,
against this Apollonius, and the seventh book of on fictitious or forged histories. It is generally
his work repléoTÁOEWS was especially directed believed that the work of one Apollonius, which
against Apollonius. (Auctor Praedestinati, cc. 26, was published together with Antoninus Liberalis
27, 68; Cave, Hist. Lit. i. p. 53; Fabric. Bibl. by Xylander, under the title “ Historiae Commen-
Graec. vii. . . 164. )
titiae,” (Basel, 1568, 8vo. ,) is the same as the
14. A CHRISTIAN, who suffered martyrdom at work ascribed by Suidas to Apollonius Dyscolos ;
Rome in the reign of Commodus. He is said to and Meursius and subsequently L. H. Teucher
have been a Roman senator. At his trial he made published the work with the name of Apollonius
a beautiful defence of Christianity in the Roman Dyscolos. This work thus edited three times is a
senate, which was afterwards translated into Greek collection of wonderful phenomena of nature, ga-
and inserted by Eusebius in his history of the thered from the works of Aristotle, Theophrastus,
Martyrs, but is now lost. (Hieronym. Epist. 84, and others. Now this is something very different
Catalog. 42, 53 ; Euseb. Hist. Eccles. v. 21. ) Ni from what the title of the workºmentioned by
cephorus (iv. 26) confounds the martyr Apollonius Suidas would lead us to expect; that title can mean
with Apollonius the writer against the Cataphryges. nothing else than, that Apollonius Dyscolos wrote
(Cave, Hist. Lit. i p. 53; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vii. a work which was an exposition of certain errors
p. 163. )
or forgeries which had crept into history. Phlegon,
15.
Surnamed CRONOS, a native of lassus in moreover, quotes from the work of Apollonius
Caria, was a philosopher of the Megarian school, a Dyscolos passages which are not to be found in
pupil of Eubulides, and teacher of the celebrated the one which Meursius and others ascribe to him.
Diodorus, who received from his master the surname (Phlegon, cc. 11, 13, 17. ). The conclusion there-
Cronos. (Strab. xiv. p. 658; Diog. Laërt. ii. 111. ) fore must be, that the work of Apollonius Dyscolos
16. Surnamed Dyscolos, that is, the ill-tem- tepl KATEYEVO Hévns fotoplas is lost, and that the
pered, was a son of Mnesitheus and Ariadne, and one which has been mistaken for it belongs to an
born at Alexandria, where he flourished in the Apollonius who is otherwise unknown. (Wester-
reigns of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius. He was mann, Scriptores Rerum mirabil. p. 20, &c. , where
one of the most renowned grammarians of his the work of the unknown Apollonius is also incor-
time, partly on account of his numerous and ex- porated, pp. 103–116. )
cellent works, and partly on account of his son, 17. A native of EGYPT, a writer who is refer-
Aelius Herodian, who had been educated by him, red to by Theophilus Antiochenus (ad Autolyc. iii.
and was
as great a grammarian as himself. pp. 127, 136, 139) as an authority respecting va-
Apollonius is said to have been so poor, that he rious opinions upon the age of the world. Whether
was obliged to write on shells, as he had no means he is the same as the Apollonius from whom Athe-
of procuring the ordinary writing materials; and naeus (v. p. 191) quotes a passage concerning the
this poverty created that state of mind to which symposia of the ancient Egyptians, is uncertain.
he owed the surname of Dyscolos. He lived and The number of persons of the name of Apollonius,
was buried in that part of Alexandria which was who were natives of Egypt, is so great, that unless
called Bruchium or Tupouxeiov. But, unless he is some other distinguishing epithet is added, it is
confounded with Apollonius of Chalcis, he also impossible to say who they were. An Apollonius,
spent some time at Rome, where he attracted the an Egyptian, is mentioned as a soothsayer, who
attention of the emperor M. Antoninus.
prophesied the death of Caligula. (Dion Cass.
Apollonius and his son are called by Priscian in lix. 29. )
several passages the greatest of all grammarians, and 18. Surnamed EIDOGRAPHUS (eldonypápos), a
he declares, that it was only owing to the assistance writer referred to by the Scholiast on Pindar
which he derived from their works that he was (Pyth. ii. 1) respecting a contest in which Hiero
enabled to undertake his task. (Priscian, Praef. won the prize. Some writers have thought he was
ud libb. i. and vi. viii. p. 833, ix. init. and p. 941. ) a poet, but from the Etymol. M. (s. v. eido géa) it
He was the first wbo reduced grammar to anything is probable that he was some learned grammarian.
like a system, and is therefore called by Priscian 19. Of LAODICEA, is said to bave written five
" grammaticorum princeps. ” A list of his works, books on astrology (astrologia apotelesmatica) in
most of which are lost, is given by Suidas, and a which he accused the Egyptians of various astro-
more complete one in Fabricius. (Bibl. Graec. vi. nomical errors. (Paulus Alex. Praef. ad Isayog. )
p. 272, &c. ) We confine ourselves here to those in the royal library of Paris there exists a MS.
which are still extant. l. Nepi ouvrátews Tou containing “ A potelesmata” of one Apollonius,
Nógou nepov, “de Constructione Orationis," or which Fabricius believes to be the work of Apollo
" de Ordinatione sive Constructione Dictionum," nius of Laodicea.
in four books. The first edition of this work is the 20. Of MYNDUS, lived at the time of Alexander
Aldine. (Venice, 1495, fol. ) A much better one, the Great, and was particularly skilled in explain-
with a Latin translation and notes, was published ing nativities. He professed to have learned
by Fr. Sylburg, Frankf. 1590, 410. The last edi- his art from the Chaldeans. (Senec. Quaest. Nat.
tion, which was greatly corrected by the assistance vii. 3 and 17. ) His statements respecting the
3
## p. 240 (#260) ############################################
240
APOLLONIUS.
APOLLONIUS.
comets, which Scnecu has preserved, are sufficient distinctions. A pollonius now regarded himself ns
to shew that his works were of great importance for a Rhodian, and the surname Rhodius has at all
astronomy. Whether he is the same as Apollo- times been the name by which he has been dis
nius, a grammarian of Myndus, who is mentioned tinguished from other persons of the same name.
by Stephanus Byzantius (s. 0. Múvbos), is un Notwithstanding these distinctions, however, he
certain.
afterwards retumed to Alexandria, but it is un-
21. Of NAUCRATIS, & pupil of Adrianus and known whether he did so of his own accord, or in
Chrestus, taught rhetoric at Athens. He was an consequence of an invitation. He is said to have
opponent of Heracleides, and with the assistance now read his revised poem to the Alexandrines,
of his associates he succeeded in expelling bim who were so delighted with it, that he at once rose
from his cbair. He cultivated chiefly political to the highest degree of fame and popularity. Ac-
oratory, and used to spend a great deal of time cording to Suidas, Apollonius succeeded Eratos
tipon preparing his speeches in retirement His thenes as chief librarian of the njuscum at Alexan-
moral conduct is censured, as he had a son Rufi- drian in the reign of Ptolemy Epiphanes, about
nus by a concubine. He died at Athens in the B. C. 194. Further particulars about his life are
seventieth year of his age. (Phiostr. Vit. Sapho not mentioned, but it is probable that he held his
ii. 19, 26. & 2; Eudoc. p. 66. )
office in the museum until his death, and one of
22. PERGAEUS. See below.
his biographers states, that he was buried in the
23. RHODIUS, was, according to Suidas and his same tomb with Callimachus.
Greek anonymous biographers, the son of Silleus As regards the poem on the expedition of the
or Illeus and Rhode, and born at Alexandria Argonauts (Argonautica), which consists of four
(comp. Strab. xiv. p. 655) in the phyle Ptolemais, books and is still extant, Apollonius collected his
whereas Athenaeus (vii. p. 283) and Aelian materials from the rich libraries of Alexandria, and
(Hist. An, xv. 23) describe him as a native or, at his scholiasts are always anxious to point out the
least, as a citizen of Naucratis. He appears to sources from which he derived this or that account.
have been born in the first half of the reign of The poem gives a straightforward and simple de
Ptolemy Euergetes, that is, about B. c. 235, and scription of the adventure, and in a tone which is
bis most active period falls in the reign of Ptolemy equal throughout. The episodes, which are not
Philopator (B. C. 221–204) and of Ptolemy Epi- numerous and contain particular mythuses or de-
phanes. (B. C. 201—181. ) In his youth he was scriptions of countries, are sometimes very beautiful,
instructed by Callimachus, but afterwards we find and give life and colour to the whole poem. The
a bitter enmity existing between them. The character of Jason, although he is the hero of the
ause of this baired has been explained by various poem, is not sufficiently developed to win the in-
suppositions; the most probable of which seems to terest of the reader. The character of Medeia, on the
be, that Apollonius, in his love of the simplicity of other hand, is beautifully drawn, and the gradual
the ancient poets of Greece and in his endeavour growth of her love is described with a truly artistic
to imitate them, offended Callimachus, or perhaps moderation. The language is an imitation of that
even expressed contempt for his poetry. The love of Homer, but it is more brief and concise, and has
of Apollonius for the ancient epic poetry was in all the symptoms of something which is studied
deed so great, and had such fascinations for him, and not natural to the poet. The Argonautica, in
that even when a youth (ě onbos) he began himself short, is a work of art and labour, and thus forms,
an epic poem on the expedition of the Argonauts. notwithstanding its many resemblances, a contrast
When at last the work was completed, he read it with the natural and easy flow of the Homeric
in public at Alexandria, but it did not meet with poems. On its appearance the work seems to have
the approbation of the audience. The cause of made a great sensation, for eren contemporaries,
this may in part have been the imperfect character such as Charon, wrote commentaries upon it. Our
of the poem itself, which was only a youthful at- present Scholia are abridgements of the commen-
tempt; but it was more especially owing to the in- taries of Lucillus of Tartha, Sophocles, and Theon,
trigues of the other Alexandrine poets, and above all of whom seem to have lived before the Christian
all of Callimachus, for Apollonius was in some de em. One Eirenaeus is also mentioned as having
gree opposed to the taste which then prevailed at written a critical and exegetical commentary on
Alexandria in regard to poetry. Apollonius was the Argonautica. (Schol. 'ad Apollon. Rhod. i.
deeply hurt at this failure, and it is not impro- 1299, ii. 127, 1015. ) The common Scholia on
bable that the bitter epigram on Callimachus which Apollonius are called the Flotine Scholia, be
is still extant (Anthol. Graec. xi. 275) was written cause they were first published at Florence, and to
at that time. Callimachus in return wrote•an in distinguish them from the Paris Scholia, which
vective-poem called Ibis," against Apollonius, of were first published in Schaefer's edition of the
the nature of which we may form some idea from Argonautica, and consist chiefly of verbal explana-
Ovid's imitation of it in a poem of the same name. tions and criticisms. Among the Romans the
Callimachus, moreover, expressed his enmity in | Argonautica was much read, and P. Terentius
other poems also, and in his hymn to Apollo there Varro Atacinus acquired great reputation by his
occur several hostile allusions to A pollonius, espe- translation of it. (Quintil. x. 1. $ 87. ) The Ar-
cinlly in v. 105. Disheartened by these circum- gonautica of Valerius Flaccus is a free imitation
stances Apollonius left Alexandria and went to of the poem of Apollonius. In the reign of Anas-
Rhodes, which was then one of the great seats of tasius I. one Marianus made a Greek paraphrase
Greek literature and learning. Here he revised of Apollonius' poem in 5608 iambics. The first
his poem, and read it to the Rhodians, wbo re edition of the Argonautica is that of Florence,
ceived it with great approbation. At the same 1496, 4to. , by J. Lascaris, which contains the
time he delivered lectures on rhetoric, and his re- Scholia. The next is the Aldine (Venice, 1581,
putation soon rose to such a height, that the Rho 8vo. ), which is little more than a reprint of the
dians honoured him with their franchise and other | Florentine edition. The first really critical edition
CG
## p. 241 (#261) ############################################
APOLLONIUS.
241
APOLLONIUS.
He was,
is that of Brunck. (Argentorat. 1780, in 4to. and called political verse by Constantinus or Gabriel
8vo. ) The edition of Beck (Leipzig, 1797, 8vo. ) Contianus, and was printed at Venice, 1603, 4to.
is incomplete, and the only volume which appeared A Latin translation had been published before that
of it contains the text, with a Latin translation time by M. Velserus, under the title, “ Narratio
and a few critical notes. G. Schaefer published eorum quae acciderunt Apollonio Tyrio,” Aug.
an edition (Leipz. 1810–13, 2 vols. 8vo. ), which Vindel 1595, 4to. During the fifteenth and six-
is an improvenient upon that of Brunck, and is the teenth centuries this romance was very popular,
first in which the Paris Scholia are printed. The and was translated into most of the European lan-
best edition is that of Wellauer, Leipzig, 1828, guages.
(L.
pupil of Adrianus. He distinguished himself by
3. Of ALABANDA, surnamed Molon, likewise a his forensic eloquence, and taught rhetoric at
rhetorician, who left his country and went to Athens at the same time with Heracleides. He
Rhodes (Strabo, xiv. p. 655); but he appears to was appointed by the emperor to the chair of poli-
have also taught rhetoric at Rome for some time, as tical eloquence, with a salary of one talent. He
Cicero, who calls him a great pleader in the courts held several high offices in his native place, and
of justice and a great teacher, states that, in B. C. distinguished himself no less as a statesman and
88, he received instructions from him at Rome. diplomatist than as a rhetorician. His declama-
(Cic. Brut. 89. ) In B. c. 81, when Sulla was dic- tions are said to have excelled those of many of
tator, Apollonius came to Rome as ambassador of his predecessors in dignity, beauty, and propriety;
the Rhodians, on which occasion Cicero again be but he was often vehement and rythmical. " (Phi-
nefited by his instructions. (Brut. 90. ) Four lostr. V'it. Soph. ii. 20; Eudoc. p. 57, &c. )
years later, when Cicero returned from Asia, he 8. Of ATHENS, a son of Sotades, wrote a work
staid for some time in Rhodes, and had an oppor- on the obscene poetry of his father. (Athen. xiv.
tunity of admiring the practical eloquence of Apol- p. 620 ; Sotades. )
lonius in the courts as well as his skill in teaching, 9. Surnamed 'ATTale's, the author of a work
(Brut. 91. ) Apollonius is also called a distinc on dreams. (Artemid. Oneir. i. 34, iii. 28. )
guished writer, but none of his works has come 10. The son of CHA ERIS, a Greek writer, who
down to us. They appear however to have treated is referred to by the Scholiast on Aristophanes
on rhetorical subjects, and on the Homeric poems. (Vesp. 1231), and the Venetian Scholiast on Ho-
(Phoebam. i. p. 98; Porplıyt. Quaest. Homeric. p. mer. (1l. iii. 448; comp. Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iv.
10. ) Josephus (c. Apion. ii. 36) mentions some p. 275. )
work of his in which he spoke against the Jews. ll. Of CHALCEDON or Chalcis, or, according to
Julius Caesar was also one of his disciples (Plut. Dion Cassins (lxxi. 35) of Nicomedia, was invited
Caes. 3 ; Suet. Caes. 4 ; comp. Cic. ad Att. ii. 1, by the emperor Antoninus Pius to come to Rome,
Brut. 70, de Invent. i. 56; Plut. Cic. 4; Quintil. for the purpose of instructing his son Marcus in
iii. 1. § 16, xii. 6. $ 7. )
philosophy. (Capitolin. Antonin. Pius, 10; M. An-
4. Of APHRODISIAs in Cilicia, is called by Sui- tonin. de Rebus suis, i. 8; Lucian, Demon. 31;
das a high priest and an historian. He is said to comp. Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iii. p. 539. )
have written a work on the town of Tralles, a se- 12. A freedman of CRASSUS, to whom he was
cond on Orpheus and his mysteries, and a third on much attached. He afterwards became a useful
the history of Caria (Kapıká), of which the eigh- friend of Cicero's, and served in the army of J. Cae-
teenth book is mentioned, and which is often re- sar in the Alexandrine war, and also followed him
ferred to by Stephanus of Byzantium. (s. vv. Báp into Spain. He was a man of great diligence and
γασα, Χρυσαορίς, 'Αγκυρα, Χωλόν τείχος ; Εtym. learning, and anxious to write a history of the ex-
Μ. 5. υ. “Αρπασος, &c. )
ploits of Caesar. For this reason Cicero gave him
## p. 239 (#259) ############################################
APOLLONIUS.
239
APOLLONIUS.
** de
a very flattering letter of recommendation to Cae- of four new MSS. , is I. Bekker's, Berlin, 1817, 8vo.
sar. (Cic. ad Famil. xii. 6. )
2. Περί αντωνυμίας, “ de Pronoinine liber," was
13. A CHRISTIAN writer, whose parents and first edited by I. Bekker in the Museum. Antiq. Stud.
country are unknown, but who is believed to have i. 2, Berlin, 1811, 8vo. , and afterwards separately,
been bishop of Ephesus, and to have lived about Berlin, 1814, 8vo. 3. Tepi ouvdéouwv, "de Con-
the year A. D. 192. He wrote a work exposing junctionibus," and 4. Nepi étudimuatwv,
the errors and the conduct of the Christian sect | Adverbiis," are both printed in Bekker's Anecdot.
called Cataphryges, some fragments of which are ii. p. 477, &c.
preserved in Eusebius. (llist. Eccles. v. 18, 21. ) Among the works ascribed to Apollonius by
Tertullian defended the sect of the Montanists Suidas there is one repi katetevo Mévns iotopias,
against this Apollonius, and the seventh book of on fictitious or forged histories. It is generally
his work repléoTÁOEWS was especially directed believed that the work of one Apollonius, which
against Apollonius. (Auctor Praedestinati, cc. 26, was published together with Antoninus Liberalis
27, 68; Cave, Hist. Lit. i. p. 53; Fabric. Bibl. by Xylander, under the title “ Historiae Commen-
Graec. vii. . . 164. )
titiae,” (Basel, 1568, 8vo. ,) is the same as the
14. A CHRISTIAN, who suffered martyrdom at work ascribed by Suidas to Apollonius Dyscolos ;
Rome in the reign of Commodus. He is said to and Meursius and subsequently L. H. Teucher
have been a Roman senator. At his trial he made published the work with the name of Apollonius
a beautiful defence of Christianity in the Roman Dyscolos. This work thus edited three times is a
senate, which was afterwards translated into Greek collection of wonderful phenomena of nature, ga-
and inserted by Eusebius in his history of the thered from the works of Aristotle, Theophrastus,
Martyrs, but is now lost. (Hieronym. Epist. 84, and others. Now this is something very different
Catalog. 42, 53 ; Euseb. Hist. Eccles. v. 21. ) Ni from what the title of the workºmentioned by
cephorus (iv. 26) confounds the martyr Apollonius Suidas would lead us to expect; that title can mean
with Apollonius the writer against the Cataphryges. nothing else than, that Apollonius Dyscolos wrote
(Cave, Hist. Lit. i p. 53; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vii. a work which was an exposition of certain errors
p. 163. )
or forgeries which had crept into history. Phlegon,
15.
Surnamed CRONOS, a native of lassus in moreover, quotes from the work of Apollonius
Caria, was a philosopher of the Megarian school, a Dyscolos passages which are not to be found in
pupil of Eubulides, and teacher of the celebrated the one which Meursius and others ascribe to him.
Diodorus, who received from his master the surname (Phlegon, cc. 11, 13, 17. ). The conclusion there-
Cronos. (Strab. xiv. p. 658; Diog. Laërt. ii. 111. ) fore must be, that the work of Apollonius Dyscolos
16. Surnamed Dyscolos, that is, the ill-tem- tepl KATEYEVO Hévns fotoplas is lost, and that the
pered, was a son of Mnesitheus and Ariadne, and one which has been mistaken for it belongs to an
born at Alexandria, where he flourished in the Apollonius who is otherwise unknown. (Wester-
reigns of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius. He was mann, Scriptores Rerum mirabil. p. 20, &c. , where
one of the most renowned grammarians of his the work of the unknown Apollonius is also incor-
time, partly on account of his numerous and ex- porated, pp. 103–116. )
cellent works, and partly on account of his son, 17. A native of EGYPT, a writer who is refer-
Aelius Herodian, who had been educated by him, red to by Theophilus Antiochenus (ad Autolyc. iii.
and was
as great a grammarian as himself. pp. 127, 136, 139) as an authority respecting va-
Apollonius is said to have been so poor, that he rious opinions upon the age of the world. Whether
was obliged to write on shells, as he had no means he is the same as the Apollonius from whom Athe-
of procuring the ordinary writing materials; and naeus (v. p. 191) quotes a passage concerning the
this poverty created that state of mind to which symposia of the ancient Egyptians, is uncertain.
he owed the surname of Dyscolos. He lived and The number of persons of the name of Apollonius,
was buried in that part of Alexandria which was who were natives of Egypt, is so great, that unless
called Bruchium or Tupouxeiov. But, unless he is some other distinguishing epithet is added, it is
confounded with Apollonius of Chalcis, he also impossible to say who they were. An Apollonius,
spent some time at Rome, where he attracted the an Egyptian, is mentioned as a soothsayer, who
attention of the emperor M. Antoninus.
prophesied the death of Caligula. (Dion Cass.
Apollonius and his son are called by Priscian in lix. 29. )
several passages the greatest of all grammarians, and 18. Surnamed EIDOGRAPHUS (eldonypápos), a
he declares, that it was only owing to the assistance writer referred to by the Scholiast on Pindar
which he derived from their works that he was (Pyth. ii. 1) respecting a contest in which Hiero
enabled to undertake his task. (Priscian, Praef. won the prize. Some writers have thought he was
ud libb. i. and vi. viii. p. 833, ix. init. and p. 941. ) a poet, but from the Etymol. M. (s. v. eido géa) it
He was the first wbo reduced grammar to anything is probable that he was some learned grammarian.
like a system, and is therefore called by Priscian 19. Of LAODICEA, is said to bave written five
" grammaticorum princeps. ” A list of his works, books on astrology (astrologia apotelesmatica) in
most of which are lost, is given by Suidas, and a which he accused the Egyptians of various astro-
more complete one in Fabricius. (Bibl. Graec. vi. nomical errors. (Paulus Alex. Praef. ad Isayog. )
p. 272, &c. ) We confine ourselves here to those in the royal library of Paris there exists a MS.
which are still extant. l. Nepi ouvrátews Tou containing “ A potelesmata” of one Apollonius,
Nógou nepov, “de Constructione Orationis," or which Fabricius believes to be the work of Apollo
" de Ordinatione sive Constructione Dictionum," nius of Laodicea.
in four books. The first edition of this work is the 20. Of MYNDUS, lived at the time of Alexander
Aldine. (Venice, 1495, fol. ) A much better one, the Great, and was particularly skilled in explain-
with a Latin translation and notes, was published ing nativities. He professed to have learned
by Fr. Sylburg, Frankf. 1590, 410. The last edi- his art from the Chaldeans. (Senec. Quaest. Nat.
tion, which was greatly corrected by the assistance vii. 3 and 17. ) His statements respecting the
3
## p. 240 (#260) ############################################
240
APOLLONIUS.
APOLLONIUS.
comets, which Scnecu has preserved, are sufficient distinctions. A pollonius now regarded himself ns
to shew that his works were of great importance for a Rhodian, and the surname Rhodius has at all
astronomy. Whether he is the same as Apollo- times been the name by which he has been dis
nius, a grammarian of Myndus, who is mentioned tinguished from other persons of the same name.
by Stephanus Byzantius (s. 0. Múvbos), is un Notwithstanding these distinctions, however, he
certain.
afterwards retumed to Alexandria, but it is un-
21. Of NAUCRATIS, & pupil of Adrianus and known whether he did so of his own accord, or in
Chrestus, taught rhetoric at Athens. He was an consequence of an invitation. He is said to have
opponent of Heracleides, and with the assistance now read his revised poem to the Alexandrines,
of his associates he succeeded in expelling bim who were so delighted with it, that he at once rose
from his cbair. He cultivated chiefly political to the highest degree of fame and popularity. Ac-
oratory, and used to spend a great deal of time cording to Suidas, Apollonius succeeded Eratos
tipon preparing his speeches in retirement His thenes as chief librarian of the njuscum at Alexan-
moral conduct is censured, as he had a son Rufi- drian in the reign of Ptolemy Epiphanes, about
nus by a concubine. He died at Athens in the B. C. 194. Further particulars about his life are
seventieth year of his age. (Phiostr. Vit. Sapho not mentioned, but it is probable that he held his
ii. 19, 26. & 2; Eudoc. p. 66. )
office in the museum until his death, and one of
22. PERGAEUS. See below.
his biographers states, that he was buried in the
23. RHODIUS, was, according to Suidas and his same tomb with Callimachus.
Greek anonymous biographers, the son of Silleus As regards the poem on the expedition of the
or Illeus and Rhode, and born at Alexandria Argonauts (Argonautica), which consists of four
(comp. Strab. xiv. p. 655) in the phyle Ptolemais, books and is still extant, Apollonius collected his
whereas Athenaeus (vii. p. 283) and Aelian materials from the rich libraries of Alexandria, and
(Hist. An, xv. 23) describe him as a native or, at his scholiasts are always anxious to point out the
least, as a citizen of Naucratis. He appears to sources from which he derived this or that account.
have been born in the first half of the reign of The poem gives a straightforward and simple de
Ptolemy Euergetes, that is, about B. c. 235, and scription of the adventure, and in a tone which is
bis most active period falls in the reign of Ptolemy equal throughout. The episodes, which are not
Philopator (B. C. 221–204) and of Ptolemy Epi- numerous and contain particular mythuses or de-
phanes. (B. C. 201—181. ) In his youth he was scriptions of countries, are sometimes very beautiful,
instructed by Callimachus, but afterwards we find and give life and colour to the whole poem. The
a bitter enmity existing between them. The character of Jason, although he is the hero of the
ause of this baired has been explained by various poem, is not sufficiently developed to win the in-
suppositions; the most probable of which seems to terest of the reader. The character of Medeia, on the
be, that Apollonius, in his love of the simplicity of other hand, is beautifully drawn, and the gradual
the ancient poets of Greece and in his endeavour growth of her love is described with a truly artistic
to imitate them, offended Callimachus, or perhaps moderation. The language is an imitation of that
even expressed contempt for his poetry. The love of Homer, but it is more brief and concise, and has
of Apollonius for the ancient epic poetry was in all the symptoms of something which is studied
deed so great, and had such fascinations for him, and not natural to the poet. The Argonautica, in
that even when a youth (ě onbos) he began himself short, is a work of art and labour, and thus forms,
an epic poem on the expedition of the Argonauts. notwithstanding its many resemblances, a contrast
When at last the work was completed, he read it with the natural and easy flow of the Homeric
in public at Alexandria, but it did not meet with poems. On its appearance the work seems to have
the approbation of the audience. The cause of made a great sensation, for eren contemporaries,
this may in part have been the imperfect character such as Charon, wrote commentaries upon it. Our
of the poem itself, which was only a youthful at- present Scholia are abridgements of the commen-
tempt; but it was more especially owing to the in- taries of Lucillus of Tartha, Sophocles, and Theon,
trigues of the other Alexandrine poets, and above all of whom seem to have lived before the Christian
all of Callimachus, for Apollonius was in some de em. One Eirenaeus is also mentioned as having
gree opposed to the taste which then prevailed at written a critical and exegetical commentary on
Alexandria in regard to poetry. Apollonius was the Argonautica. (Schol. 'ad Apollon. Rhod. i.
deeply hurt at this failure, and it is not impro- 1299, ii. 127, 1015. ) The common Scholia on
bable that the bitter epigram on Callimachus which Apollonius are called the Flotine Scholia, be
is still extant (Anthol. Graec. xi. 275) was written cause they were first published at Florence, and to
at that time. Callimachus in return wrote•an in distinguish them from the Paris Scholia, which
vective-poem called Ibis," against Apollonius, of were first published in Schaefer's edition of the
the nature of which we may form some idea from Argonautica, and consist chiefly of verbal explana-
Ovid's imitation of it in a poem of the same name. tions and criticisms. Among the Romans the
Callimachus, moreover, expressed his enmity in | Argonautica was much read, and P. Terentius
other poems also, and in his hymn to Apollo there Varro Atacinus acquired great reputation by his
occur several hostile allusions to A pollonius, espe- translation of it. (Quintil. x. 1. $ 87. ) The Ar-
cinlly in v. 105. Disheartened by these circum- gonautica of Valerius Flaccus is a free imitation
stances Apollonius left Alexandria and went to of the poem of Apollonius. In the reign of Anas-
Rhodes, which was then one of the great seats of tasius I. one Marianus made a Greek paraphrase
Greek literature and learning. Here he revised of Apollonius' poem in 5608 iambics. The first
his poem, and read it to the Rhodians, wbo re edition of the Argonautica is that of Florence,
ceived it with great approbation. At the same 1496, 4to. , by J. Lascaris, which contains the
time he delivered lectures on rhetoric, and his re- Scholia. The next is the Aldine (Venice, 1581,
putation soon rose to such a height, that the Rho 8vo. ), which is little more than a reprint of the
dians honoured him with their franchise and other | Florentine edition. The first really critical edition
CG
## p. 241 (#261) ############################################
APOLLONIUS.
241
APOLLONIUS.
He was,
is that of Brunck. (Argentorat. 1780, in 4to. and called political verse by Constantinus or Gabriel
8vo. ) The edition of Beck (Leipzig, 1797, 8vo. ) Contianus, and was printed at Venice, 1603, 4to.
is incomplete, and the only volume which appeared A Latin translation had been published before that
of it contains the text, with a Latin translation time by M. Velserus, under the title, “ Narratio
and a few critical notes. G. Schaefer published eorum quae acciderunt Apollonio Tyrio,” Aug.
an edition (Leipz. 1810–13, 2 vols. 8vo. ), which Vindel 1595, 4to. During the fifteenth and six-
is an improvenient upon that of Brunck, and is the teenth centuries this romance was very popular,
first in which the Paris Scholia are printed. The and was translated into most of the European lan-
best edition is that of Wellauer, Leipzig, 1828, guages.
(L.
