A
Portuguese dramatist (1836-81); born at Lis-
bon.
Portuguese dramatist (1836-81); born at Lis-
bon.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v26 to v30 - Tur to Zor and Index
He was editor of
the New York Tablet. He wrote: (Sherman's
March through the South) (1865); (Lives of
the Irish Saints and Martyrs) (1870); and a
number of Irish novels, including (Sarsfield"
(1871).
Cook, Clarence Chatam. An American jour-
nalist, and distinguished art critic; born in
Dorchester, Mass. , Sept. 8, 1828. He contributed
to the New York Tribune a series of articles
on American art, 1863-69; subsequently was its
Paris correspondent. He was editor of the
Studio until its suspension. He has published :
B
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COOK - COOPER
119
(
(The Central Park) (1868); (The House Beau-
tiful) (1878); (Stools and Candlesticks); (Es-
says on Beds and Tables); and edited with
notes a translation of the 7th German edition
of Wilhelm Lübke's History of Art) (2 vols. ,
1878).
Cook, Eliza. An English poet; born in Lon-
don, 1817; died at Wimbledon, Sept. 23, 1889.
Melaia and Other Poems) made her name
known. She also published Eliza Cook's
Journal. Her most familiar poem is (The
Old Arm-Chair. She wrote also (The Old
Farm Gate); (The Home in the Heart); and
I Miss Thee, My Mother. New Echoes and
Other Poems) is one of her volumes.
Cook, Joseph. A noted American lecturer
on religious and social topics; born at Ticon-
deroga, N. Y. , Jan. 26, 1838. He carried on the
Monday lectureship in Boston (1874-80); was
in Europe and Asia in 1880-82, resuming the
lectures in Boston in 1883. His published works
include Boston Monday Lectures ) (10 vols. ,
1877); (Current Religious Perils, with Other
Addresses. In 1888 he founded Our Day, a
monthly reform magazine.
Cooke, George Willis. An American mis-
cellaneous writer; born in Comstock, Mich. ,
April 23, 1848. His chief works are: (Ralph
Waldo Emerson: his Life and Writings) (1881);
Life of George Eliot) (1883); (A Guide Book
to the Poetic and Dramatic Works of Robert
Browning' (1891); Poets and Problems);
(The Clapboard Trees Parish'; and (Dedham,
a History?
Cooke, John Esten. An American novelist;
born in Winchester, Va. , Nov. 3, 1830; died near
Boyce, Va. , Sept. 27, 1886. He was an extens-
ive contributor of stories, sketches, and verses
to various periodicals, and has written many
books, in which are included : (The Virginia
Comedians) (1854); (Hilt to Hilt) (1869);
(Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee) (1871); Vir-
ginia, a History of the People) (1883); (The
Youth of Jefferson); (Surry of Eagle's Nest);
(Wearing the Grey); (Pretty Mrs. Gaston);
(Virginia Bohemians '; etc.
Cooke, Josiah Parsons. A distinguished
American chemist; born at Boston, Oct. 12,
1827; died at Newport, R. I. , Sept. 3, 1894. He
was professor of chemistry at Harvard Uni-
versity (1850-94), and lectured on scientific sub-
jects in various cities and towns throughout the
country. Besides a number of technical works,
he wrote: (Religion and Chemistry) (1864);
"Scientific Culture) (new ed. 1885); (The Cre-
dentials of Science the Warrant of Faith)
(1888).
Cooke, Philip Pendleton. An American
poet and prose-writer; born in Martinsburg,
Va. , Oct. 26, 1816; died near Boyce, Va. , Jan.
21, 1850. His first poems were published in
the Knickerbocker Magazine. His works in
book for include: (Froissart Ballads and
Other Poems) (1847); the tales of John Carpe)
and (The Crime of Andrew Blair); and his
short lyric poem, Florence Vane, which was
set to music.
Cooke, Philip St. George. A United States
army officer and military writer; born near
Leesburg, Berkeley County, Va. , 1809; died 1895.
He also studied law and was admitted to
practice. Besides works on tactics, he wrote:
Scenes and Adventures in the Army' (1856);
Conquest of New Mexico and California)
(1878).
Cooke, Mrs. Rose (Terry). A distinguished
American poet and short-story writer; born at
West Hartford, Conn. , Feb. 17, 1827; died at
Pittsfield, Mass. , July 18, 1892. Her complete
poems were published in 1888: (The Gentian)
and “The Two Villages) are good representa-
tives. Her best short stories treat of New Eng.
land rural life. The novel (Steadfast appeared
in 1889. Her most acceptable work appeared
originally in the Atlantic Monthly and other
periodicals. *
Cooke, Thomas. An English poet and prose-
writer, commonly called Hesiod Cooke; born
at Braintree, Dec. 16, 1703; died at Lambeth
(London), Dec. 20, 1756. (The Battle of the
Poets) is an attack on 'Pope, Swift, and others,
which gained him an unenviable conspicuity
in the Dunciad. As a translator from the
classics, notably Hesiod, he is very successful.
Coolbrith, Ina Donna. An American poet;
born near Springfield, II. , 18+ She became
librarian of the Oakland Public Library, Cali-
fornia, in 1874. She has written (The Perfect
Day and Other Poems) (1881); (Songs of the
Golden Gate. )
Cooley, Thomas McIntyre. A noted Amer.
ican jurist; born at Attica, N. Y. , Jan. 6, 1824.
He was professor of law in the University of
Michigan (1859 and 1881); Chief Justice of
that State (1868–69); chairman of the United
States Interstate Commerce Commission (1887–
91). He wrote: A Treatise upon Wrongs
and their Remedies) (Vol. i. , 1878); (General
Principles of Constitutional Law in the United
States) (1880); etc.
Coolidge, Susan. See Woolsey, Sarah.
Coombe, william. See Combe.
Coombs, Mrs. Annie (Sheldon). An Amer.
ican novelist ; born at Albany, N. Y. , 1858;
died 1890. Her home was in New York. She
wrote: 'As Common Mortals) (1886); (A Game
of Chance) (1887); (The Garden of Armida.
Cooper, James Fenimore. An American
novelist and historian; born in Burlington, N. J. ,
Sept. 15, 1789; died at Cooperstown, N. Y. , Sept.
14, 1851. His novels comprise : Precaution)
(1820); (The Spy) (1821); (The Pioneers)
(1823); (The Pilot) (1823); "Lionel Lin-
coln) (1825); (The Last of the Mohicans)
(1826); (The Red Rover) (1827); (The Prairie)
(1827); "The Traveling Bachelor) (1828);
(Wept of the Wish-ton-Wish) (1829); (The
Water-Witch) (1830); (The Bravo! (1831);
(The Heidenmauer) (1832); «The Headsman)
(1833); (The Monikins) (1835); (Homeward
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I 20
COOPER-CORBIN
>
verse.
Bound' (1838); (Home as Found' (1838);
(The Pathfinder) (1840); Mercedes of Cas-
tile) (1840); (The Deerslayer) (1841); (The
Two Admirals) (1842); Wing and Wing
(1842); Ned Myers) (1843); (Wyandotte)
(1843); (Afoat and Ashore) (1844); Miles
Wallingford (1844); (The Chainbearer) (1845);
"Satanstoe) (1845); (The Redskins) (1846);
(The Crater) (1847); (Jack Tar» (1848); Oak
Openings) (1848); «The Sea Lions) (1849);
(The Ways of the Hour) (1850). He also
wrote Notions of the Americans) (1828) to
vindicate his countrymen from the false ideas
of foreigners -- after which the foreign journals
at once ceased praising his novels and became
unsparing in censure; a (History of the Navy
of the United States) (1839); “The Battle of
Lake Erie) (1842), in answer to criticisms on
the preceding ; (Lives of American Naval Offi-
cers' (2 vols. ); and others. *
Cooper, Peter. A famous American in-
ventor, manufacturer, and philanthropist; born
in New York, Feb. 12, 1791; died there, April 4,
1883. A coachmaker by trade, he became a
successful inventor and glue manufacturer, and
acquired a large fortune. He built, after his
own designs, the first locomotive engine con-
structed on this continent (1830); was one of
the original promoters of the electric telegraph,
actively interested in the construction of the
New York State canals, etc. He was the candi.
date of the “Greenback » party for President in
1876. He is best known by the institution that
was dearest to his own heart, the “Cooper
Union of New York, founded for the instruc-
tion of the industrial classes (1854-59). He
wrote: (Political and Financial Opinions, with
an Autobiography) (1877); Ideas for a Science
of Good Government' (1883).
Cooper, Susan Fenimore. An American
prose-writer, daughter of Fenimore Cooper;
born in Scarsdale, N. Y. , 1813; died in Coop-
erstown, N. Y. , Dec. 31, 1894. During the last
years of her father's life she was his secre-
tary and amanuensis. She has written : (Rural
Hours) (1850); 'Fields Old and New) (1854);
(The Shield: A Narrative); Mt. Vernon to
the Children of America) (1858); (Rhyme and
Reason of Country Life); and others.
Cooper, Thomas. An English poet and
novelist, best remembered as a Chartist poli-
tician; born at Leicester, March 20, 1805;
died at Lincoln, July 15, 1892. A shoemaker
by trade, he engaged in politics, and soon
found himself in prison, where he wrote (The
Purgatory of Suicides,' a moving epic of pro-
letarianism. His (Captain Cobbler,' a story,
and his “Poetical Works, are favorably known.
Coornhert. Dirck Volckertsen (körn'hert).
A Dutch poet and scholar (1522-90). By his
poetical writings, Book of Songs) (1575),
(Right Use and Abuse of Worldly Possessions)
(1585), and several dramas, as also by his ele-
gant translations from Boccaccio and the clas-
sics, he earned the title of “restorer of the
Dutch language. "
Copernicus, Nikolaus (ko-pėr'ni-kus). A
famous Polish astronomer; born in Thorn, Po.
land, Feb. 19, 1473; died at Frauenburg, Prus-
sia, May 24, 1543. He wrote: (Revolutions of
the Celestial Orbs) (De Orbium Coelestium Rev.
olutionibus), in which is proclaimed the fact
that the sun and not the earth is the centre of
our planetary system. *
Coppée, François (ko-pā'). An eminent
French poet, romancer, and dramatist ; born in
Paris, Jan. 12, 1842. He was trained for what
the Parisians call a ministerial career, but wrote
(The Reliquary) and (Intimacies,' books of
In Modern Poems, (The Benediction,
and “The Strike of the Smiths,' we have a very
modern note. *
Coppée, Henry. An American soldier, edu-
cator, and miscellaneous writer; born at Savan-
nah, Ga. , Oct. 13, 1821 ; died March 21, 1895. He
served in the Mexican War (1846-48); was in-
structor at West Point (1848-49, 1850-55); pro-
fessor of English literature and history at the
University of Pennsylvania (1855-56); president
of Lehigh University (1866-75); professor of his-
tory there (1875-95). Besides various educa-
tional and military works, he wrote: (Grant
and his Campaigns) (1866); History of the
Conquest of Spain by the Arab-Moors) (2 vols. ,
1881).
Coppi, Antonio (kop'pē). An Italian econ-
omist and historian; born in Andezeno, Pied-
mont, April 12, 1782; died at Rome, Feb. 24,
1870. He wrote a (Continuation of Muratori's
Annals of Italy, from 1750) (1824-68); and a
study (On the Finances of Mediæval Rome)
(1855).
Copway, George. Native name, Kah-ge-ga-
gaw-bowh. An Indian journalist, lecturer, and
miscellaneous writer; born in Michigan, 1818;
died about 1869. He belonged to the Ojibway
tribe, and was settled in New York. He wrote:
(Recollections of a Forest Life); (The Ojib.
way Conquest,' a poem; (Running Sketches
of Men and Places in Europe); etc.
Coquelin, Benoît Constant (kõk-lan'). A
French actor; born at Boulogne-sur-Mer, Jan.
23, 1841. He is at the head of his profession
in comedy, and excels in melodrama. He has
written : (Art and the Comedian (1880); (Mo-
lière and the Misanthrope) (1881); (Tartuffe. )
Corbet, Richard. An English poet; born
in Surrey, 1582; died at Norwich, July 28, 1635.
A noted ecclesiastic and disposed to be gay,
he wrote a Journey to France) and a Fare-
well to the Fairies,' poems in which he is
revealed a jolly parson and the maker of some
tolerable verse.
Corbière, Edouard (kor-byār'). A French
poet and novelist; born at Brest, 1793; died at
Morlaix, Oct. 20, 1875. Hle published (The
Banian) (1835); (The Slave); and other sea
tales.
Corbin, Mrs. Caroline Elizabeth (Fair.
field). An American story-writer; born in
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CORBIN - COSSA
I 21
.
3
Connecticut, 1835. She was long a resident of
Chicago. Her works include: (Rebecca'; His
Marriage Vow); Belle and the Boys); (A
Woman's Philosophy of Love,' a psychological
treatise.
Corbin, John. An American man of letters;
born in Illinois, 1870. He is assistant editor of
Harper's Magazine; and has published (The
Elizabethan Hamlet) (1895), and Schoolboy
Life in England: an American View) (1897).
Cordeiro, João Ricardo (kõr-dā'ē-ro).
A
Portuguese dramatist (1836-81); born at Lis-
bon. He both wrote several plays, as "Love
and Art); (A Cure of Souls); and also trans-
lated into Portuguese and adapted to the Por-
tuguese theatre many of the dramatic compo-
sitions of Scribe, Hugo, Legouvé, etc.
Corelli, Marie. See Mackay, Minnie.
Corinna (ko-rin'ä). A famed Greek poet;
born at Tanagra, Bæotia, about 500 B. C. She
was a contemporary of Pindar, sometimes his
competitor for poetical prizes. She was cel-
ebrated for her beauty, and nicknamed “The
Fly” to distinguish her from another poet
called “The Bee. ) Only fragments of her
poems have been preserved.
Corneille, Pierre (kor-nay"). A French
dramatist; born at Rouen, June 6, 1606; died
in Paris, Sept. 30, 1684. His works comprise :
(Mélite); (Clitandre) (1632); (The Widow);
(The Gallery of the Palace); (The Lady's
Maid); (The Palais Royal); Medea) (1634-
35); (The Dramatic Musion) (1635? ); (The
Cid) (1636); (Horace) (1640); (Cinna) (1640–
41); 'Polyeuctus) (1643); ( Pompey) (1643-44);
(The Liar) (1644); (The Sequel to the Liar)
(1645); Rodogune) (1645); (Theodore (1646);
(Heraclius) (1647); Don Sancho) (1649);
Attila) (1667); and many more. (Cinna) and
(Polyeucte) are considered the greatest, fol-
lowed by The Liar) and the (Golden
Fleece. *
Corneille, Thomas. A French dramatist,
brother of Pierre (1625-1709). He made his
first success with a comedy, "Chance Engage-
ments) (1647), after Calderon, and continued
for a while to follow Spanish models. Some
of his tragedies were much admired; and one,
(Timocrates,' held the boards for six months.
In Voltaire's judgment (Ariana) is the best
of his tragedies; both that play and (The
Earl of Essex) are still seen on the French
stage. By his Dictionary of Arts and Sciences)
and other similar works, he was a forerunner of
the French Encyclopedists.
Cornelius Nepos. See Nepos.
Cornwallis, Kinahan. An English-Ameri-
can journalist, novelist, etc. ; born in England,
1835. He came to America about 1860. He
has written : (Yarra Yarra, or the Wandering
Aborigine) (5th ed. 1855), in verse; (Howard
Plunkett) (1857); My Life and Adventures)
(1860); (Pilgrims of Fashion (1862); (The
Gold Room and the New York Stock Ex-
change) (1879); etc.
Cornwell, Henry Sylvester. An American
poet; born in New Hampshire, 1831; died 1886,
at New London, Conn. , where he was a phy-
sician. From many poems published by him
he issued but one collection, The Land of
Dreams and Other Poems) (1878).
Coronado, Carolina (ko-ro-nä'tho). A Span-
ish poet; born at Almendralejo in the province
of Badajoz, in 1823. About 1848 she married
Horace Perry, an American. She was preco-
cious, and published a collection of poems in
*1843. Her lyrics are distinguished for melody
and depth of feeling. Her few dramatic pieces
had little success; but her novels and short
stories,- especially (Jarilla) (1850) and (The
Wheel of Misfortune) (1874), - and her little
sketch of travel (From Tagus to Rhine,' won
popular favor.
Corrodi, August (kor-rõ'dē). ·A Swiss poet
(1826-85); born at Zürich. Till 1881 he was
an artist-painter, and for some time was pro-
fessor of the arts of design at Winterthur. His
first volume of (Songs) (1853) exhibited grace-
ful versification and deep sympathy with nature.
His songs and dramatic compositions in the
local dialect - Mr. Professor, an Idyll of
Zürich); (The Vicar, a Winter Idyll); etc. -
had extraordinary success. He translated sev-
eral of Burns's songs into the Swiss-German
dialect; and published (Shakspere: Life Wis.
dom from his Works. His works are very
numerous and possess enduring merit.
Corson, Hiram. An American prose writer;
born in Philadelphia, Pa. , Nov. 6, 1828. He
became professor of rhetoric and English liter-
ature at St. John's College, Annapolis (1866).
In 1870 he became professor of English lan-
guage and literature, rhetoric, and oratory in
Cornell, and still holds the position. Among
his well-known publications are: a Hand.
Book of Anglo-Saxon and Early English)
(1871); (An Introduction to the Study of Rob-
ert Browning (1886); Jottings in the Text of
Hamlet); (Lectures on the English Language
and Literature); "The Aims of Literary
Study); etc.
Cort, Frans de (kort). An eminent Flemish
poet (1834-78); born near Brussels. As singer
of the quiet joys of home life and conjugal
happiness he has few peers in any literature.
His original homely lyrics appeared in (Songs)
(2 vols. , 1857-59); (Zing-Zang' (1866); and
another volume of (Songs) (1868). He also
translated into Flemish verse (The Finest
Songs of Robert Burns) (1862).
Cosel, Charlotte von. See Auer.
Cossa, Pietro (kõs'sä). An Italian dram-
atist (1830–81); born at Rome. He was for
some years professor of Italian literature.
At first an unsuccessful dramatist, his Nero)
(1871) was received with the most enthusiastic
approval for its dramatic power, despite cer-
tain marked technical defects of composition.
His following plays confirmed the popular
estimate of his greatness : Messalina'; Julian
1
a
>
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I 22
COSTA-COWLEY
:
the Apostate); and especially (Cleopatra. He
wrote also a volume of 'Lyric Poems.
Costa, Isaak da (kos'tä). A Dutch poet
(1798-1860); born at Amsterdam. Among his
works, which rank among the best specimens
of modern Dutch poetry, may be cited : Prome-
theus) (1820); (Festival Songs) (1828); (Five-
and-Twenty Years,' a great poetico-historical
work (1840); (Hagar) (1847); and (The Battle
of Nieuwpoort) (1859). He wrote also some
theological tractates.
Coster, Samuel (kos'ter). A Dutch dram-'
atist (1579-1662). He was one of the founders
of the Dutch Academy. He is best known for
his delightful comedies (The Play of Tiisken
van den Schilden) (1613), and “The Play of
the Rich Man! (1615). He also wrote trage-
dies, including : 'Iphigenia'; 'Polyxena'; 'Isa-
bella.
Costetti, Giuseppe (kos-tet'tē). An Italian
dramatist; born at Bologna, Sept. 13, 1834.
He early won fame by his dramas (The Mali-
bran, (The Lions' Den, etc. , and heightened
it greatly by his comedies (The Son of the
Family) (1864); (The Old Story) (1875);
"Cain's Wife) (1887); etc.
Cota, Rodrigo (kõ'tä). A Spanish poet of
the 15th century. He is believed to be the au-
thor of "The Couplets of Mingo Revulgo) and
of a Dialogue between Love and an Old
Knight,' both reckoned among the earliest of
Spanish dramatic compositions. His authorship
of the famous poem “Celestina' is contested,
it being now attributed to Fernando de Rojas.
Cotin, Charles (ko-tan'). A French versifier
(1604-82). He was a prolific writer, but his
amorous and religious poems are nearly for-
gotten. His name survives in Boileau's satires
and Molière's (Femmes Savantes): there he
figures as Trissotin.
Cottin, Marie (kõ-tan'). A French novelist
(1770-1807). Her romances, (Claire d’Albe)
(1799); Malvina); Elizabeth, or the Exiles
of Siberia', her most notable work (1806), are
admirable for style and character-drawing.
Cotton, Charles. An English poet; born in
Beresford, Saffordshire, April 28, 1630; died at
London (? ), Feb. 16 (? ), 1687. The friend of
Izaak Walton, his was an angler's Muse; and
he wrote an addition to Walton's book, besides
translations and a poor parody of Virgil.
Cotton, John. An American prose-writer
and clergyman; born in Derby, England, Dec.
4, 1585; died in Boston, Mass. , Dec. 23, 1652.
Upon his arrival in America he became
“teacher of the first church of Boston. A
religious controversy with Roger Williams
called forth his work (The Bloody Tenet,
Washed and Made White in the Blood of the
Lamb. Cotton was an industrious worker,
and published nearly fifty books.
Coues, Elliott (kouz). An American nat-
uralist; born at Portsmouth, N. H. , Sept. 9,
1842. He has been of late years connected with
the Smithsonian Institute, and has written:
(Key to North American Birds) (1872); Field
Ornithology) (1874); (Check-List of North
American Birds) (1882); “Biogen); (The Dæ.
mon of Darwin'; etc. With J. S. Kingsley,
he edited the (Standard Natural History) (3
vols. , 1883). He is actively interested in The-
osophy.
Courier (de Méré), Paul Louis (kö-ryā'). A
French Hellenist and political pamphleteer;
born in Paris, Jan. 4, 1772; assassinated near
Veretz, Aug. 18, 1825. In 1813 he made an
elegant translation of Daphnis and Chloe,' an
ancient romance by Longos, discovered by him
at Florence; he also translated (The Luciad,
or the Ass of Lucius of Patras, published with
the Greek text (1818). His numerous pamph-
lets, especially his "Pamphlet of Pamphlets,
are masterpieces of style, of marvelous con-
ciseness, and noteworthy documents for the
history of the ancient political and ecclesias-
tical contentions.
Courtmans, Joanna Desideria (kört'mäns).
A Flemish poet and novelist (1811-90). Be-
sides dramas and poems, she wrote 22 volumes
of stories. She excels particularly in her de-
scriptions of the life of the common people.
The most notable of her tales are : (The Hunt.
er's Gift); Dame Daneel); (The Cowherd);
(Aunt Clara's Bonnet.
Cousin, Victor (kö-zan'). A distinguished
French philosopher; born in Paris, Nov. 28,
1792; died at Cannes, Jan. 2, 1867. He founded
a school of Eclectic philosophy; combining
the doctrines of the Scotch school of Reid and
Stewart, based on sensation, with those of
Schelling and Hegel, which rest on the oppo-
site principle of idealism or intuition. He was
not an original thinker in philosophy, but he
possessed in a high degree the faculty of clear
exposition; for that reason his lectures and his
writings enjoyed a great popularity. He ren-
dered a memorable service both to philosophy
and literature by his translation of Plato,
praised by Jowett. Besides his History of
Philosophy) and other works on that theme,
he is author of a few biographical sketches,
mostly of characters related to the spiritual
and intellectual movements of the 17th century:
as Jacqueline Pascal); Mme. de Longue-
ville ); (Mme. de Hautefort); (French Society
in the 17th Century) (2 vols. ). *
Cowan, Frank. An American lawyer, phy.
sician, journalist, and miscellaneous writer;
born in Pennsylvania, 1844. Making the tour
of the world in 1880-81 and 1884-85, he entered
Corea before that country had made treaties
with other nations. He wrote: (Zomara, a
Romance of Spain (1873); (The City of the
Royal Palm and Other Poems) (1884); (Fact
and Fancy in New Zealand) (1885); etc.
Cowley, Abraham. A English poet and
essayist; born in London in 1618; died at
Chertsey, Surrey, July 28, 1667. Well educated
and high in royal favor, he was a fashionable
:
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COWPER -- CRAVEN
123
and fortunate poet till the Civil War made
havoc of royal favorites. His volumes (The
Mistress, Poems, various Virgilian elegies
and anacreontic love songs, and his essays,
were set in the first rank by contemporaries ;
but are mainly curios now, though some poems
are familiar. The first collection of his works,
in one volume, appeared in 1668. *
Cowper, William. An English poet; born
in Great Berkhamstead, Hertfordshire, Novem-
ber 1731; died at East Dereham, Norfolk, April
25, 1800. His works include : Poems) (1782);
(The Task) (1785); (Homer's Iliad and Odys-
sey) (1791); (Poems) (1798); etc. (John Gil-
pin' first appeared in book form with (The
Task. ) Some of his hymns are among the
best known of English religious pieces. *
Cox, Palmer. An American artist and writer
for young people; born at Granby, Quebec,
1840. Since 1875 his home has been in New
York. His works are both written and illus-
trated by himself. He is best known by his
“Brownie Books,' a very popular series con-
taining humorous pictures and verse for child-
ren. Other productions are: (Hans Von Pet-
ter's Trip to Gotham) (1878); "How Columbus
Found America) (1878); etc.
Cox, Samuel Sullivan. An American states-
man and author; born in Zanesville, O. , Sept.
30, 1824; died in New York, September 1889.
He served some terms in Congress, and be-
came minister to Turkey. His works are:
«Eight Years in Congress); “Why We Laugh);
Diversions of a Diplomat in Turkey); A
Buckeye Abroad); (Arctic Sunbeams); Orient
Sunbeams); “Search for Winter Sunbeams);
(Free Land and Free Trade); and others.
Coxe, Arthur Cleveland. An American
writer of prose and verse, and second Bishop
of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the dio-
cese of Western New York; born in Mend-
ham, N. J. , May 10, 1818; died at Clifton Springs,
N. Y. , July 20, 1896. Among his many publi.
cations are: (Christian Ballads) (1840); (Atha-
nasion and Other Poems) (1842); (The Pascal,?
a collection of Easter poems (1889); and many
valuable contributions to current literature in
both English and French.
Cozzens, Frederick Swartwout. An Amer.
ican humorist; born in New York city, March
5, 1818; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Dec. 23, 1869.
A merchant, to whom literature was a recrea-
tion. In Yankee Doodle (1847) were published
his earliest humorous poems and sketches. In
1853 a volume entitled Prismatics) was pub-
lished under the pen name of Richard Hay-
warde”; and in 1856 the “Sparrowgrass Papers,
which attained great popularity. Among his
other published works are Memorial of Col.
Peter A. Porter) and a Memorial of Fitz-
Greene Halleck) (1868).
Crabbe, George. An English poet; born in
Aldborough, Suffolk, Dec. 24, 1754; died at
Trowbridge, Wiltshire, Feb.
the New York Tablet. He wrote: (Sherman's
March through the South) (1865); (Lives of
the Irish Saints and Martyrs) (1870); and a
number of Irish novels, including (Sarsfield"
(1871).
Cook, Clarence Chatam. An American jour-
nalist, and distinguished art critic; born in
Dorchester, Mass. , Sept. 8, 1828. He contributed
to the New York Tribune a series of articles
on American art, 1863-69; subsequently was its
Paris correspondent. He was editor of the
Studio until its suspension. He has published :
B
## p. 119 (#135) ############################################
COOK - COOPER
119
(
(The Central Park) (1868); (The House Beau-
tiful) (1878); (Stools and Candlesticks); (Es-
says on Beds and Tables); and edited with
notes a translation of the 7th German edition
of Wilhelm Lübke's History of Art) (2 vols. ,
1878).
Cook, Eliza. An English poet; born in Lon-
don, 1817; died at Wimbledon, Sept. 23, 1889.
Melaia and Other Poems) made her name
known. She also published Eliza Cook's
Journal. Her most familiar poem is (The
Old Arm-Chair. She wrote also (The Old
Farm Gate); (The Home in the Heart); and
I Miss Thee, My Mother. New Echoes and
Other Poems) is one of her volumes.
Cook, Joseph. A noted American lecturer
on religious and social topics; born at Ticon-
deroga, N. Y. , Jan. 26, 1838. He carried on the
Monday lectureship in Boston (1874-80); was
in Europe and Asia in 1880-82, resuming the
lectures in Boston in 1883. His published works
include Boston Monday Lectures ) (10 vols. ,
1877); (Current Religious Perils, with Other
Addresses. In 1888 he founded Our Day, a
monthly reform magazine.
Cooke, George Willis. An American mis-
cellaneous writer; born in Comstock, Mich. ,
April 23, 1848. His chief works are: (Ralph
Waldo Emerson: his Life and Writings) (1881);
Life of George Eliot) (1883); (A Guide Book
to the Poetic and Dramatic Works of Robert
Browning' (1891); Poets and Problems);
(The Clapboard Trees Parish'; and (Dedham,
a History?
Cooke, John Esten. An American novelist;
born in Winchester, Va. , Nov. 3, 1830; died near
Boyce, Va. , Sept. 27, 1886. He was an extens-
ive contributor of stories, sketches, and verses
to various periodicals, and has written many
books, in which are included : (The Virginia
Comedians) (1854); (Hilt to Hilt) (1869);
(Life of Gen. Robert E. Lee) (1871); Vir-
ginia, a History of the People) (1883); (The
Youth of Jefferson); (Surry of Eagle's Nest);
(Wearing the Grey); (Pretty Mrs. Gaston);
(Virginia Bohemians '; etc.
Cooke, Josiah Parsons. A distinguished
American chemist; born at Boston, Oct. 12,
1827; died at Newport, R. I. , Sept. 3, 1894. He
was professor of chemistry at Harvard Uni-
versity (1850-94), and lectured on scientific sub-
jects in various cities and towns throughout the
country. Besides a number of technical works,
he wrote: (Religion and Chemistry) (1864);
"Scientific Culture) (new ed. 1885); (The Cre-
dentials of Science the Warrant of Faith)
(1888).
Cooke, Philip Pendleton. An American
poet and prose-writer; born in Martinsburg,
Va. , Oct. 26, 1816; died near Boyce, Va. , Jan.
21, 1850. His first poems were published in
the Knickerbocker Magazine. His works in
book for include: (Froissart Ballads and
Other Poems) (1847); the tales of John Carpe)
and (The Crime of Andrew Blair); and his
short lyric poem, Florence Vane, which was
set to music.
Cooke, Philip St. George. A United States
army officer and military writer; born near
Leesburg, Berkeley County, Va. , 1809; died 1895.
He also studied law and was admitted to
practice. Besides works on tactics, he wrote:
Scenes and Adventures in the Army' (1856);
Conquest of New Mexico and California)
(1878).
Cooke, Mrs. Rose (Terry). A distinguished
American poet and short-story writer; born at
West Hartford, Conn. , Feb. 17, 1827; died at
Pittsfield, Mass. , July 18, 1892. Her complete
poems were published in 1888: (The Gentian)
and “The Two Villages) are good representa-
tives. Her best short stories treat of New Eng.
land rural life. The novel (Steadfast appeared
in 1889. Her most acceptable work appeared
originally in the Atlantic Monthly and other
periodicals. *
Cooke, Thomas. An English poet and prose-
writer, commonly called Hesiod Cooke; born
at Braintree, Dec. 16, 1703; died at Lambeth
(London), Dec. 20, 1756. (The Battle of the
Poets) is an attack on 'Pope, Swift, and others,
which gained him an unenviable conspicuity
in the Dunciad. As a translator from the
classics, notably Hesiod, he is very successful.
Coolbrith, Ina Donna. An American poet;
born near Springfield, II. , 18+ She became
librarian of the Oakland Public Library, Cali-
fornia, in 1874. She has written (The Perfect
Day and Other Poems) (1881); (Songs of the
Golden Gate. )
Cooley, Thomas McIntyre. A noted Amer.
ican jurist; born at Attica, N. Y. , Jan. 6, 1824.
He was professor of law in the University of
Michigan (1859 and 1881); Chief Justice of
that State (1868–69); chairman of the United
States Interstate Commerce Commission (1887–
91). He wrote: A Treatise upon Wrongs
and their Remedies) (Vol. i. , 1878); (General
Principles of Constitutional Law in the United
States) (1880); etc.
Coolidge, Susan. See Woolsey, Sarah.
Coombe, william. See Combe.
Coombs, Mrs. Annie (Sheldon). An Amer.
ican novelist ; born at Albany, N. Y. , 1858;
died 1890. Her home was in New York. She
wrote: 'As Common Mortals) (1886); (A Game
of Chance) (1887); (The Garden of Armida.
Cooper, James Fenimore. An American
novelist and historian; born in Burlington, N. J. ,
Sept. 15, 1789; died at Cooperstown, N. Y. , Sept.
14, 1851. His novels comprise : Precaution)
(1820); (The Spy) (1821); (The Pioneers)
(1823); (The Pilot) (1823); "Lionel Lin-
coln) (1825); (The Last of the Mohicans)
(1826); (The Red Rover) (1827); (The Prairie)
(1827); "The Traveling Bachelor) (1828);
(Wept of the Wish-ton-Wish) (1829); (The
Water-Witch) (1830); (The Bravo! (1831);
(The Heidenmauer) (1832); «The Headsman)
(1833); (The Monikins) (1835); (Homeward
## p. 120 (#136) ############################################
I 20
COOPER-CORBIN
>
verse.
Bound' (1838); (Home as Found' (1838);
(The Pathfinder) (1840); Mercedes of Cas-
tile) (1840); (The Deerslayer) (1841); (The
Two Admirals) (1842); Wing and Wing
(1842); Ned Myers) (1843); (Wyandotte)
(1843); (Afoat and Ashore) (1844); Miles
Wallingford (1844); (The Chainbearer) (1845);
"Satanstoe) (1845); (The Redskins) (1846);
(The Crater) (1847); (Jack Tar» (1848); Oak
Openings) (1848); «The Sea Lions) (1849);
(The Ways of the Hour) (1850). He also
wrote Notions of the Americans) (1828) to
vindicate his countrymen from the false ideas
of foreigners -- after which the foreign journals
at once ceased praising his novels and became
unsparing in censure; a (History of the Navy
of the United States) (1839); “The Battle of
Lake Erie) (1842), in answer to criticisms on
the preceding ; (Lives of American Naval Offi-
cers' (2 vols. ); and others. *
Cooper, Peter. A famous American in-
ventor, manufacturer, and philanthropist; born
in New York, Feb. 12, 1791; died there, April 4,
1883. A coachmaker by trade, he became a
successful inventor and glue manufacturer, and
acquired a large fortune. He built, after his
own designs, the first locomotive engine con-
structed on this continent (1830); was one of
the original promoters of the electric telegraph,
actively interested in the construction of the
New York State canals, etc. He was the candi.
date of the “Greenback » party for President in
1876. He is best known by the institution that
was dearest to his own heart, the “Cooper
Union of New York, founded for the instruc-
tion of the industrial classes (1854-59). He
wrote: (Political and Financial Opinions, with
an Autobiography) (1877); Ideas for a Science
of Good Government' (1883).
Cooper, Susan Fenimore. An American
prose-writer, daughter of Fenimore Cooper;
born in Scarsdale, N. Y. , 1813; died in Coop-
erstown, N. Y. , Dec. 31, 1894. During the last
years of her father's life she was his secre-
tary and amanuensis. She has written : (Rural
Hours) (1850); 'Fields Old and New) (1854);
(The Shield: A Narrative); Mt. Vernon to
the Children of America) (1858); (Rhyme and
Reason of Country Life); and others.
Cooper, Thomas. An English poet and
novelist, best remembered as a Chartist poli-
tician; born at Leicester, March 20, 1805;
died at Lincoln, July 15, 1892. A shoemaker
by trade, he engaged in politics, and soon
found himself in prison, where he wrote (The
Purgatory of Suicides,' a moving epic of pro-
letarianism. His (Captain Cobbler,' a story,
and his “Poetical Works, are favorably known.
Coornhert. Dirck Volckertsen (körn'hert).
A Dutch poet and scholar (1522-90). By his
poetical writings, Book of Songs) (1575),
(Right Use and Abuse of Worldly Possessions)
(1585), and several dramas, as also by his ele-
gant translations from Boccaccio and the clas-
sics, he earned the title of “restorer of the
Dutch language. "
Copernicus, Nikolaus (ko-pėr'ni-kus). A
famous Polish astronomer; born in Thorn, Po.
land, Feb. 19, 1473; died at Frauenburg, Prus-
sia, May 24, 1543. He wrote: (Revolutions of
the Celestial Orbs) (De Orbium Coelestium Rev.
olutionibus), in which is proclaimed the fact
that the sun and not the earth is the centre of
our planetary system. *
Coppée, François (ko-pā'). An eminent
French poet, romancer, and dramatist ; born in
Paris, Jan. 12, 1842. He was trained for what
the Parisians call a ministerial career, but wrote
(The Reliquary) and (Intimacies,' books of
In Modern Poems, (The Benediction,
and “The Strike of the Smiths,' we have a very
modern note. *
Coppée, Henry. An American soldier, edu-
cator, and miscellaneous writer; born at Savan-
nah, Ga. , Oct. 13, 1821 ; died March 21, 1895. He
served in the Mexican War (1846-48); was in-
structor at West Point (1848-49, 1850-55); pro-
fessor of English literature and history at the
University of Pennsylvania (1855-56); president
of Lehigh University (1866-75); professor of his-
tory there (1875-95). Besides various educa-
tional and military works, he wrote: (Grant
and his Campaigns) (1866); History of the
Conquest of Spain by the Arab-Moors) (2 vols. ,
1881).
Coppi, Antonio (kop'pē). An Italian econ-
omist and historian; born in Andezeno, Pied-
mont, April 12, 1782; died at Rome, Feb. 24,
1870. He wrote a (Continuation of Muratori's
Annals of Italy, from 1750) (1824-68); and a
study (On the Finances of Mediæval Rome)
(1855).
Copway, George. Native name, Kah-ge-ga-
gaw-bowh. An Indian journalist, lecturer, and
miscellaneous writer; born in Michigan, 1818;
died about 1869. He belonged to the Ojibway
tribe, and was settled in New York. He wrote:
(Recollections of a Forest Life); (The Ojib.
way Conquest,' a poem; (Running Sketches
of Men and Places in Europe); etc.
Coquelin, Benoît Constant (kõk-lan'). A
French actor; born at Boulogne-sur-Mer, Jan.
23, 1841. He is at the head of his profession
in comedy, and excels in melodrama. He has
written : (Art and the Comedian (1880); (Mo-
lière and the Misanthrope) (1881); (Tartuffe. )
Corbet, Richard. An English poet; born
in Surrey, 1582; died at Norwich, July 28, 1635.
A noted ecclesiastic and disposed to be gay,
he wrote a Journey to France) and a Fare-
well to the Fairies,' poems in which he is
revealed a jolly parson and the maker of some
tolerable verse.
Corbière, Edouard (kor-byār'). A French
poet and novelist; born at Brest, 1793; died at
Morlaix, Oct. 20, 1875. Hle published (The
Banian) (1835); (The Slave); and other sea
tales.
Corbin, Mrs. Caroline Elizabeth (Fair.
field). An American story-writer; born in
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CORBIN - COSSA
I 21
.
3
Connecticut, 1835. She was long a resident of
Chicago. Her works include: (Rebecca'; His
Marriage Vow); Belle and the Boys); (A
Woman's Philosophy of Love,' a psychological
treatise.
Corbin, John. An American man of letters;
born in Illinois, 1870. He is assistant editor of
Harper's Magazine; and has published (The
Elizabethan Hamlet) (1895), and Schoolboy
Life in England: an American View) (1897).
Cordeiro, João Ricardo (kõr-dā'ē-ro).
A
Portuguese dramatist (1836-81); born at Lis-
bon. He both wrote several plays, as "Love
and Art); (A Cure of Souls); and also trans-
lated into Portuguese and adapted to the Por-
tuguese theatre many of the dramatic compo-
sitions of Scribe, Hugo, Legouvé, etc.
Corelli, Marie. See Mackay, Minnie.
Corinna (ko-rin'ä). A famed Greek poet;
born at Tanagra, Bæotia, about 500 B. C. She
was a contemporary of Pindar, sometimes his
competitor for poetical prizes. She was cel-
ebrated for her beauty, and nicknamed “The
Fly” to distinguish her from another poet
called “The Bee. ) Only fragments of her
poems have been preserved.
Corneille, Pierre (kor-nay"). A French
dramatist; born at Rouen, June 6, 1606; died
in Paris, Sept. 30, 1684. His works comprise :
(Mélite); (Clitandre) (1632); (The Widow);
(The Gallery of the Palace); (The Lady's
Maid); (The Palais Royal); Medea) (1634-
35); (The Dramatic Musion) (1635? ); (The
Cid) (1636); (Horace) (1640); (Cinna) (1640–
41); 'Polyeuctus) (1643); ( Pompey) (1643-44);
(The Liar) (1644); (The Sequel to the Liar)
(1645); Rodogune) (1645); (Theodore (1646);
(Heraclius) (1647); Don Sancho) (1649);
Attila) (1667); and many more. (Cinna) and
(Polyeucte) are considered the greatest, fol-
lowed by The Liar) and the (Golden
Fleece. *
Corneille, Thomas. A French dramatist,
brother of Pierre (1625-1709). He made his
first success with a comedy, "Chance Engage-
ments) (1647), after Calderon, and continued
for a while to follow Spanish models. Some
of his tragedies were much admired; and one,
(Timocrates,' held the boards for six months.
In Voltaire's judgment (Ariana) is the best
of his tragedies; both that play and (The
Earl of Essex) are still seen on the French
stage. By his Dictionary of Arts and Sciences)
and other similar works, he was a forerunner of
the French Encyclopedists.
Cornelius Nepos. See Nepos.
Cornwallis, Kinahan. An English-Ameri-
can journalist, novelist, etc. ; born in England,
1835. He came to America about 1860. He
has written : (Yarra Yarra, or the Wandering
Aborigine) (5th ed. 1855), in verse; (Howard
Plunkett) (1857); My Life and Adventures)
(1860); (Pilgrims of Fashion (1862); (The
Gold Room and the New York Stock Ex-
change) (1879); etc.
Cornwell, Henry Sylvester. An American
poet; born in New Hampshire, 1831; died 1886,
at New London, Conn. , where he was a phy-
sician. From many poems published by him
he issued but one collection, The Land of
Dreams and Other Poems) (1878).
Coronado, Carolina (ko-ro-nä'tho). A Span-
ish poet; born at Almendralejo in the province
of Badajoz, in 1823. About 1848 she married
Horace Perry, an American. She was preco-
cious, and published a collection of poems in
*1843. Her lyrics are distinguished for melody
and depth of feeling. Her few dramatic pieces
had little success; but her novels and short
stories,- especially (Jarilla) (1850) and (The
Wheel of Misfortune) (1874), - and her little
sketch of travel (From Tagus to Rhine,' won
popular favor.
Corrodi, August (kor-rõ'dē). ·A Swiss poet
(1826-85); born at Zürich. Till 1881 he was
an artist-painter, and for some time was pro-
fessor of the arts of design at Winterthur. His
first volume of (Songs) (1853) exhibited grace-
ful versification and deep sympathy with nature.
His songs and dramatic compositions in the
local dialect - Mr. Professor, an Idyll of
Zürich); (The Vicar, a Winter Idyll); etc. -
had extraordinary success. He translated sev-
eral of Burns's songs into the Swiss-German
dialect; and published (Shakspere: Life Wis.
dom from his Works. His works are very
numerous and possess enduring merit.
Corson, Hiram. An American prose writer;
born in Philadelphia, Pa. , Nov. 6, 1828. He
became professor of rhetoric and English liter-
ature at St. John's College, Annapolis (1866).
In 1870 he became professor of English lan-
guage and literature, rhetoric, and oratory in
Cornell, and still holds the position. Among
his well-known publications are: a Hand.
Book of Anglo-Saxon and Early English)
(1871); (An Introduction to the Study of Rob-
ert Browning (1886); Jottings in the Text of
Hamlet); (Lectures on the English Language
and Literature); "The Aims of Literary
Study); etc.
Cort, Frans de (kort). An eminent Flemish
poet (1834-78); born near Brussels. As singer
of the quiet joys of home life and conjugal
happiness he has few peers in any literature.
His original homely lyrics appeared in (Songs)
(2 vols. , 1857-59); (Zing-Zang' (1866); and
another volume of (Songs) (1868). He also
translated into Flemish verse (The Finest
Songs of Robert Burns) (1862).
Cosel, Charlotte von. See Auer.
Cossa, Pietro (kõs'sä). An Italian dram-
atist (1830–81); born at Rome. He was for
some years professor of Italian literature.
At first an unsuccessful dramatist, his Nero)
(1871) was received with the most enthusiastic
approval for its dramatic power, despite cer-
tain marked technical defects of composition.
His following plays confirmed the popular
estimate of his greatness : Messalina'; Julian
1
a
>
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I 22
COSTA-COWLEY
:
the Apostate); and especially (Cleopatra. He
wrote also a volume of 'Lyric Poems.
Costa, Isaak da (kos'tä). A Dutch poet
(1798-1860); born at Amsterdam. Among his
works, which rank among the best specimens
of modern Dutch poetry, may be cited : Prome-
theus) (1820); (Festival Songs) (1828); (Five-
and-Twenty Years,' a great poetico-historical
work (1840); (Hagar) (1847); and (The Battle
of Nieuwpoort) (1859). He wrote also some
theological tractates.
Coster, Samuel (kos'ter). A Dutch dram-'
atist (1579-1662). He was one of the founders
of the Dutch Academy. He is best known for
his delightful comedies (The Play of Tiisken
van den Schilden) (1613), and “The Play of
the Rich Man! (1615). He also wrote trage-
dies, including : 'Iphigenia'; 'Polyxena'; 'Isa-
bella.
Costetti, Giuseppe (kos-tet'tē). An Italian
dramatist; born at Bologna, Sept. 13, 1834.
He early won fame by his dramas (The Mali-
bran, (The Lions' Den, etc. , and heightened
it greatly by his comedies (The Son of the
Family) (1864); (The Old Story) (1875);
"Cain's Wife) (1887); etc.
Cota, Rodrigo (kõ'tä). A Spanish poet of
the 15th century. He is believed to be the au-
thor of "The Couplets of Mingo Revulgo) and
of a Dialogue between Love and an Old
Knight,' both reckoned among the earliest of
Spanish dramatic compositions. His authorship
of the famous poem “Celestina' is contested,
it being now attributed to Fernando de Rojas.
Cotin, Charles (ko-tan'). A French versifier
(1604-82). He was a prolific writer, but his
amorous and religious poems are nearly for-
gotten. His name survives in Boileau's satires
and Molière's (Femmes Savantes): there he
figures as Trissotin.
Cottin, Marie (kõ-tan'). A French novelist
(1770-1807). Her romances, (Claire d’Albe)
(1799); Malvina); Elizabeth, or the Exiles
of Siberia', her most notable work (1806), are
admirable for style and character-drawing.
Cotton, Charles. An English poet; born in
Beresford, Saffordshire, April 28, 1630; died at
London (? ), Feb. 16 (? ), 1687. The friend of
Izaak Walton, his was an angler's Muse; and
he wrote an addition to Walton's book, besides
translations and a poor parody of Virgil.
Cotton, John. An American prose-writer
and clergyman; born in Derby, England, Dec.
4, 1585; died in Boston, Mass. , Dec. 23, 1652.
Upon his arrival in America he became
“teacher of the first church of Boston. A
religious controversy with Roger Williams
called forth his work (The Bloody Tenet,
Washed and Made White in the Blood of the
Lamb. Cotton was an industrious worker,
and published nearly fifty books.
Coues, Elliott (kouz). An American nat-
uralist; born at Portsmouth, N. H. , Sept. 9,
1842. He has been of late years connected with
the Smithsonian Institute, and has written:
(Key to North American Birds) (1872); Field
Ornithology) (1874); (Check-List of North
American Birds) (1882); “Biogen); (The Dæ.
mon of Darwin'; etc. With J. S. Kingsley,
he edited the (Standard Natural History) (3
vols. , 1883). He is actively interested in The-
osophy.
Courier (de Méré), Paul Louis (kö-ryā'). A
French Hellenist and political pamphleteer;
born in Paris, Jan. 4, 1772; assassinated near
Veretz, Aug. 18, 1825. In 1813 he made an
elegant translation of Daphnis and Chloe,' an
ancient romance by Longos, discovered by him
at Florence; he also translated (The Luciad,
or the Ass of Lucius of Patras, published with
the Greek text (1818). His numerous pamph-
lets, especially his "Pamphlet of Pamphlets,
are masterpieces of style, of marvelous con-
ciseness, and noteworthy documents for the
history of the ancient political and ecclesias-
tical contentions.
Courtmans, Joanna Desideria (kört'mäns).
A Flemish poet and novelist (1811-90). Be-
sides dramas and poems, she wrote 22 volumes
of stories. She excels particularly in her de-
scriptions of the life of the common people.
The most notable of her tales are : (The Hunt.
er's Gift); Dame Daneel); (The Cowherd);
(Aunt Clara's Bonnet.
Cousin, Victor (kö-zan'). A distinguished
French philosopher; born in Paris, Nov. 28,
1792; died at Cannes, Jan. 2, 1867. He founded
a school of Eclectic philosophy; combining
the doctrines of the Scotch school of Reid and
Stewart, based on sensation, with those of
Schelling and Hegel, which rest on the oppo-
site principle of idealism or intuition. He was
not an original thinker in philosophy, but he
possessed in a high degree the faculty of clear
exposition; for that reason his lectures and his
writings enjoyed a great popularity. He ren-
dered a memorable service both to philosophy
and literature by his translation of Plato,
praised by Jowett. Besides his History of
Philosophy) and other works on that theme,
he is author of a few biographical sketches,
mostly of characters related to the spiritual
and intellectual movements of the 17th century:
as Jacqueline Pascal); Mme. de Longue-
ville ); (Mme. de Hautefort); (French Society
in the 17th Century) (2 vols. ). *
Cowan, Frank. An American lawyer, phy.
sician, journalist, and miscellaneous writer;
born in Pennsylvania, 1844. Making the tour
of the world in 1880-81 and 1884-85, he entered
Corea before that country had made treaties
with other nations. He wrote: (Zomara, a
Romance of Spain (1873); (The City of the
Royal Palm and Other Poems) (1884); (Fact
and Fancy in New Zealand) (1885); etc.
Cowley, Abraham. A English poet and
essayist; born in London in 1618; died at
Chertsey, Surrey, July 28, 1667. Well educated
and high in royal favor, he was a fashionable
:
## p. 123 (#139) ############################################
COWPER -- CRAVEN
123
and fortunate poet till the Civil War made
havoc of royal favorites. His volumes (The
Mistress, Poems, various Virgilian elegies
and anacreontic love songs, and his essays,
were set in the first rank by contemporaries ;
but are mainly curios now, though some poems
are familiar. The first collection of his works,
in one volume, appeared in 1668. *
Cowper, William. An English poet; born
in Great Berkhamstead, Hertfordshire, Novem-
ber 1731; died at East Dereham, Norfolk, April
25, 1800. His works include : Poems) (1782);
(The Task) (1785); (Homer's Iliad and Odys-
sey) (1791); (Poems) (1798); etc. (John Gil-
pin' first appeared in book form with (The
Task. ) Some of his hymns are among the
best known of English religious pieces. *
Cox, Palmer. An American artist and writer
for young people; born at Granby, Quebec,
1840. Since 1875 his home has been in New
York. His works are both written and illus-
trated by himself. He is best known by his
“Brownie Books,' a very popular series con-
taining humorous pictures and verse for child-
ren. Other productions are: (Hans Von Pet-
ter's Trip to Gotham) (1878); "How Columbus
Found America) (1878); etc.
Cox, Samuel Sullivan. An American states-
man and author; born in Zanesville, O. , Sept.
30, 1824; died in New York, September 1889.
He served some terms in Congress, and be-
came minister to Turkey. His works are:
«Eight Years in Congress); “Why We Laugh);
Diversions of a Diplomat in Turkey); A
Buckeye Abroad); (Arctic Sunbeams); Orient
Sunbeams); “Search for Winter Sunbeams);
(Free Land and Free Trade); and others.
Coxe, Arthur Cleveland. An American
writer of prose and verse, and second Bishop
of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the dio-
cese of Western New York; born in Mend-
ham, N. J. , May 10, 1818; died at Clifton Springs,
N. Y. , July 20, 1896. Among his many publi.
cations are: (Christian Ballads) (1840); (Atha-
nasion and Other Poems) (1842); (The Pascal,?
a collection of Easter poems (1889); and many
valuable contributions to current literature in
both English and French.
Cozzens, Frederick Swartwout. An Amer.
ican humorist; born in New York city, March
5, 1818; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Dec. 23, 1869.
A merchant, to whom literature was a recrea-
tion. In Yankee Doodle (1847) were published
his earliest humorous poems and sketches. In
1853 a volume entitled Prismatics) was pub-
lished under the pen name of Richard Hay-
warde”; and in 1856 the “Sparrowgrass Papers,
which attained great popularity. Among his
other published works are Memorial of Col.
Peter A. Porter) and a Memorial of Fitz-
Greene Halleck) (1868).
Crabbe, George. An English poet; born in
Aldborough, Suffolk, Dec. 24, 1754; died at
Trowbridge, Wiltshire, Feb.
